WO2018216794A1 - Système de nettoyage de gaz d'échappement - Google Patents

Système de nettoyage de gaz d'échappement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018216794A1
WO2018216794A1 PCT/JP2018/020097 JP2018020097W WO2018216794A1 WO 2018216794 A1 WO2018216794 A1 WO 2018216794A1 JP 2018020097 W JP2018020097 W JP 2018020097W WO 2018216794 A1 WO2018216794 A1 WO 2018216794A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
water
cleaning
storage tank
cleaning system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2018/020097
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
琢磨 芦田
弘行 山本
康文 森田
松浦　一雄
清水　哲也
典司 金子
Original Assignee
常石造船株式会社
ナノミストテクノロジーズ株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 常石造船株式会社, ナノミストテクノロジーズ株式会社 filed Critical 常石造船株式会社
Publication of WO2018216794A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018216794A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/32—Arrangements of propulsion power-unit exhaust uptakes; Funnels peculiar to vessels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust gas cleaning system for cleaning exhaust gas discharged from a main engine of a ship.
  • EGR exhaust gas recirculation
  • a part of exhaust gas discharged from a diesel engine is recirculated as a part of a mixed gas for combustion, and the combustion temperature decreases due to a decrease in the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas for combustion.
  • production of X is suppressed. For example, in the NO X emission Control Areas in North America and Europe, it is necessary to sail by EGR operation.
  • the exhaust gas discharged from diesel engines contains harmful substances such as soot and SO X. Therefore, in exhaust gas recirculation, an exhaust gas cleaning system is used in which exhausted exhaust gas is cleaned to remove harmful substances and then returned to the diesel engine.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an exhaust gas cleaning system according to a conventional example.
  • the thick arrow (solid line) indicates the flow of exhaust gas
  • the thick line arrow (broken line) indicates the flow of air
  • the thin line arrow indicates the flow of cleaning water and separated sludge.
  • the turbocharger 3 is rotated by the exhaust gas discharged from the main engine 1 toward the exhaust receiver 2, and the air is taken in and compressed. Enter. Further, a part of the exhaust gas is cleaned by the cleaning device 101, cooled and removed by the EGR cooler & mist catcher 102, and then enters the scavenging pipe 5. A mixed gas of the taken-in air and the cleaned exhaust gas is supplied from the scavenging pipe 5 to the main engine 1.
  • the cleaning device 101 is a device called a scrubber, a press clubber, a pre-spray, etc., for cleaning by jetting water to the exhaust gas.
  • the EGR cooler & mist catcher 102 is an apparatus composed of an EGR cooler that cools exhaust gas and water from which the exhaust gas has been washed, and a mist catcher that removes moisture in the exhaust gas.
  • the EGR cooler is a tube-type indirect heat exchanger, in which cooled fresh water passes through the tube, and exhaust gas and water washed with exhaust gas pass through the outside of the tube.
  • a mechanism for injecting water for cleaning is also installed in the EGR cooler (front side) in the same manner as the cleaning device 101.
  • water used for cleaning by the cleaning device 101 and the EGR cooler & mist catcher 102 contains harmful substances such as soot. Since water (fresh water) is particularly valuable in a ship, it is supplied again to the cleaning device 101 and the EGR cooler & mist catcher 102 after separating harmful substances such as firewood from used water. .
  • the cleaning water used in the cleaning apparatus 101 and the EGR cooler & mist catcher 102 is discharged to the receiving tank unit 103, and then a part (for example, 70%) is re-supplied and a part (for example, 30%). Is re-supplied after the hazardous substances are separated. And the harmful substance density
  • concentration of the supplied water is made to become below a fixed standard.
  • the water sent from the receiving tank unit 103 to the buffer tank 104 was subjected to chemical treatment (neutralization) with a neutralizing agent (NaOH) 107 after separation of harmful substances by a water treatment device (centrifuge) 105. After that, it is re-supplied.
  • the sludge separated by the water treatment device (centrifugal separator) 105 is stored in the dirty water tank 106 and landed when calling at the port.
  • the cleaning device 101 the EGR cooler & mist catcher 102, the receiving tank unit 103, the buffer tank 104, the water treatment device (centrifuge) 105, the dirty water tank 106, and the neutralizing agent (NaOH) 107. All of them work at the same time, and at the same time clean the exhaust gas and treat dirty water.
  • Patent Document 1 describes an invention relating to a wastewater treatment apparatus in which wastewater from a gas cleaning scrubber is treated by a centrifugal separation unit, an oil removal unit, and a neutralization unit and recycled as necessary.
  • Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 describe an invention relating to an exhaust gas treatment apparatus configured to supply drain water of an air cooler for exhaust gas cooling to a scrubber.
  • the conventional exhaust gas cleaning system shown in FIG. 4 treats all dirty water at the same time while cleaning the exhaust gas. Therefore, a large water treatment unit is required, and the equipment cost and power consumption are reduced. It was getting bigger.
  • the present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and provides an exhaust gas cleaning system capable of downsizing a water treatment unit and reducing facility costs and power consumption in a ship equipped with exhaust gas recirculation means. To do.
  • an exhaust gas cleaning system includes a ship exhaust gas provided with exhaust gas recirculation means for recirculating a part of the exhaust gas discharged from the main engine as a part of the mixed gas for combustion.
  • a cleaning system for cleaning the exhaust gas with water a storage tank for storing water used in the cleaning device, and a toxic substance contained in the water stored in the storage tank
  • a processing device wherein the cleaning device and the processing device can be operated separately.
  • the cleaning device is operated during the exhaust gas recirculation operation, and the processing device is operated during the exhaust gas recirculation stop.
  • the water treated by the treatment device is stored in a second storage tank.
  • the exhaust gas cleaning system of the present invention is a ship exhaust gas cleaning system provided with exhaust gas recirculation means for recirculating a part of the exhaust gas discharged from the main engine as a part of the mixed gas for combustion. And a cleaning device for cleaning the exhaust gas with water, a storage tank for storing the water used in the cleaning device, and a processing device for separating and processing harmful substances contained in the water stored in the storage tank.
  • the cleaning device and the processing device can be configured separately and each can be operated separately. Therefore, since the water contaminated by the exhaust gas cleaning can be efficiently processed according to the navigation situation, the water treatment unit can be downsized, and the equipment cost and power consumption can be suppressed.
  • the cleaning device is operated during exhaust gas recirculation operation and the processing device is operated while exhaust gas recirculation is stopped, the treatment of dirty water due to exhaust gas cleaning is matched to the regulations of the navigational sea area, etc. Can be performed more efficiently.
  • the water treated by the treatment device when stored in the second storage tank, the water can be treated more efficiently by switching the two storage tanks or transferring the contents. Can do.
  • an exhaust gas cleaning system capable of downsizing a water treatment unit and suppressing facility costs and power consumption in a ship provided with exhaust gas recirculation means.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an exhaust gas cleaning system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. It is a block diagram of the exhaust gas cleaning system which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a block diagram of the exhaust gas cleaning system which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a block diagram of the exhaust gas cleaning system which concerns on a prior art example.
  • FIGS. 1 shows an exhaust gas cleaning system according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 shows an exhaust gas cleaning system according to the second embodiment
  • FIG. 3 shows an exhaust gas cleaning system according to the third embodiment.
  • the thick arrow (solid line) indicates the flow of exhaust gas
  • the thick line arrow (broken line) indicates the flow of air
  • the thin line arrow indicates the flow of cleaning water and separated sludge.
  • the exhaust gas cleaning system according to the present embodiment is a ship exhaust gas cleaning system provided with exhaust gas recirculation means for recirculating a part of the exhaust gas discharged from the main engine as a part of the mixed gas for combustion. is there.
  • the turbocharger 3 is rotated by the exhaust gas discharged from the main engine 1 toward the exhaust receiver 2, the air is taken in and compressed, and the air cooler & mist catcher 4 After the moisture is removed, the scavenging tube 5 is entered. A part of the exhaust gas is cleaned by the cleaning device 11, cooled and removed by the EGR cooler & mist catcher 12, and then enters the scavenging pipe 5. A mixed gas of the taken-in air and the cleaned exhaust gas is supplied from the scavenging pipe 5 to the main engine 1.
  • the cleaning device 11 is a device called a scrubber, a press clubber, a pre-spray, etc., for cleaning by injecting water to the exhaust gas.
  • the EGR cooler & mist catcher 12 is an apparatus composed of an EGR cooler that cools exhaust gas and water from which the exhaust gas has been washed, and a mist catcher that removes moisture in the exhaust gas.
  • the EGR cooler is a tube-type indirect heat exchanger, in which cooled fresh water passes through the tube, and exhaust gas and water washed with exhaust gas pass through the outside of the tube.
  • a mechanism for injecting water for cleaning is also installed in the EGR cooler (front side) in the same manner as the cleaning device 11.
  • the water used for cleaning by the cleaning device 11 and the EGR cooler & mist catcher 12 contains harmful substances such as soot. Since water (fresh water) is particularly valuable in a ship, it is supplied again to the cleaning device 11 and the EGR cooler & mist catcher 12 after separating harmful substances such as firewood from the used water. . Before being supplied, chemical treatment (neutralization) with a neutralizing agent (NaOH) 15 is performed.
  • the cleaning water used in the cleaning device 11 and the EGR cooler & mist catcher 12 is discharged to the receiving tank unit 13, and then a part (for example, 70%) is re-supplied and a part (for example, 30%). Is stored in the storage tank 14.
  • the water stored in the storage tank 14 is subjected to separation treatment of harmful substances such as soot by the electric treatment 21, the precipitation 22, and the cyclone 23.
  • the sludge separated by the sediment 22 and the cyclone 23 is stored in the dirty water tank 25 and landed when calling at the port.
  • the exhaust gas cleaning device is stored in the cleaning device 11 that cleans the exhaust gas with water, the storage tank 14 that stores the water used in the cleaning device 11, and the storage tank 14. It is equipped with a processing device (electric processing 21, precipitation 22, cyclone 23) for separating and processing harmful substances contained in water, and a cleaning device and a processing device are configured separately by placing a storage tank 14 therebetween. The cleaning device and the processing device can be operated separately.
  • the water used in the EGR cooler front side
  • the EGR cooler front side
  • the EGR cooler front side
  • the EGR cooler front side
  • the EGR cooler front side
  • the EGR cooler front side
  • the EGR cooler front side
  • the EGR cooler front side
  • the EGR cooler front side
  • the EGR cooler front side
  • the EGR cooler front side
  • the EGR cooler front side
  • the EGR cooler front side
  • the EGR cooler front side
  • Embodiment 1 As shown in FIG. 1, the exhaust gas cleaning system according to Embodiment 1 is divided into an operating range 10 and an operating range 20 indicated by broken lines.
  • Operating range 10 is, for example, a portion that runs in the EGR operation in sailing of the NO X emission Control Areas in North America and Europe.
  • fresh water is supplied from the storage tank 14 to the cleaning device 11 and the EGR cooler & mist catcher 12, and the dirty water is led to the storage tank 14 again.
  • the harmful substance concentration in the storage tank 14 gradually increases, a tank capacity for a predetermined EGR operation time is secured.
  • the operating range 20 is a portion that operates during EGR stop during navigation outside the NO X emission regulation sea area.
  • harmful substances such as soot are separated from the water in the storage tank 14 by the electric treatment 21, the precipitation 22, and the cyclone 23.
  • the water from which harmful substances have been separated is guided to a second storage tank 24 separate from the storage tank 14 and stored therein.
  • the two storage tanks 14 and 24 are both connected to the EGR device, and the tank for supplying water to the cleaning device 11 and the EGR cooler & mist catcher 12 during the next EGR operation, as indicated by reference numeral S. Is switched from the storage tank 14 to the second storage tank 24.
  • the water in the second storage tank 24 is processed and led to the storage tank 14 for storage.
  • the two storage tanks 14 and 24 are switched in accordance with the EGR operation / stop. Note that the water stored in the second storage tank 24 after the separation process is not connected to the EGR device but only the storage tank 14 is connected to the EGR device as described above. May be transferred to the storage tank 14.
  • NO X emission control waters outside the navigation is often a long distance as compared with the navigation of the NO X emission control area. Therefore, during the EGR stop, separation of harmful substances from water can be performed over a relatively long period of time, and the water treatment device can be made smaller, reducing equipment costs and power consumption. can do.
  • the exhaust gas cleaning system according to the second embodiment is divided into an operating range 10 and an operating range 20 indicated by broken lines, as in the first embodiment.
  • Operating range 10 is, for example, a portion that runs in the EGR operation in sailing of the NO X emission Control Areas in North America and Europe.
  • fresh water is supplied from the storage tank 14 to the cleaning device 11 and the EGR cooler & mist catcher 12, and the dirty water is led to the storage tank 14 again.
  • the harmful substance concentration in the storage tank 14 gradually increases, a tank capacity for a predetermined EGR operation time is secured.
  • the operating range 20 is a portion that operates during EGR stop during navigation outside the NO X emission regulation sea area.
  • harmful substances such as soot are separated from the water in the storage tank 14 by the electric treatment 21, the precipitation 22, and the cyclone 23.
  • water from which harmful substances have been separated is guided to the storage tank 14 and stored therein.
  • water is supplied from the storage tank 14 to the cleaning device 11 and the EGR cooler & mist catcher 12.
  • the exhaust gas cleaning system according to the third embodiment is different from the first and second embodiments in that the operating range is not divided and has an operating range 30 indicated by a broken line.
  • the storage tank 14 is disposed between the cleaning device and the processing device, the cleaning device and the processing device can be operated separately. Processing can be performed as needed.
  • the treatment tank side is appropriately operated by the amount that can extend the EGR operation possible time, and the water in the storage tank 14 is treated. This can be done during a stop.
  • the exhaust gas cleaning system is a ship exhaust gas cleaning system including exhaust gas recirculation means for recirculating a part of the exhaust gas discharged from the main engine 1 as a part of the combustion mixed gas. .
  • cleaning apparatus 11 which wash
  • the storage tank 14 which stores the water used by the washing
  • the cleaning device 11 when the cleaning device 11 is operated during the exhaust gas recirculation operation and the processing devices 21, 22, and 23 are operated during the exhaust gas recirculation stop, the processing of dirty water is performed by cleaning the exhaust gas. This can be done more efficiently according to the regulations of the sea area.
  • the water treatment unit can be downsized in a ship equipped with exhaust gas recirculation means, and the equipment cost and power consumption can be suppressed.
  • the exhaust gas cleaning system according to the embodiment of the present invention has been described above.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various other modifications are possible.
  • the configuration of the cleaning device 11 is not particularly limited as long as the exhaust gas is cleaned using water.
  • processing apparatus is not limited to the electric processing 21, the precipitation 22, and the cyclone 23, but may have other configurations.
  • the ratio of re-supplying as it is (70% in the present embodiment) and the ratio of separating harmful substances (30% in the present embodiment).
  • the ratio of separating harmful substances is not particularly limited, and can be set based on conditions such as the required concentration of harmful substances and the amount of water required.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)

Abstract

Le but de la présente invention est de fournir un système de nettoyage de gaz d'échappement qui permet, sur des navires équipés d'un moyen de recirculation de gaz d'échappement, de réduire la taille d'une unité d'épurateur d'eau et de maitriser les coûts d'équipement et la consommation d'énergie. Ce système de purification de gaz d'échappement est destiné à être utilisé sur des navires équipés d'un moyen de recirculation de gaz d'échappement pour amener une partie des gaz d'échappement déchargés à partir d'un moteur principal (1) à recirculer comme une partie d'un gaz mixte pour la combustion, et comporte: un dispositif de nettoyage (11) pour nettoyer les gaz d'échappement avec de l'eau; un réservoir de stockage (14) pour stocker l'eau utilisée par le dispositif de nettoyage; et des dispositifs de traitement (21, 22, 23) pour séparer les substances nocives de l'eau stockée dans le réservoir de stockage (14). Le dispositif de nettoyage (11) et les dispositifs de traitement (21, 22, 23) sont configurés pour pouvoir fonctionner indépendamment.
PCT/JP2018/020097 2017-05-26 2018-05-25 Système de nettoyage de gaz d'échappement WO2018216794A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2017104753A JP2020122391A (ja) 2017-05-26 2017-05-26 排気ガス洗浄システム
JP2017-104753 2017-05-26

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WO2018216794A1 true WO2018216794A1 (fr) 2018-11-29

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6990787B1 (ja) 2021-01-21 2022-01-12 株式会社三井Ｅ＆Ｓマシナリー 船舶排ガスの洗浄排水処理装置
JP2022045350A (ja) * 2021-01-21 2022-03-18 株式会社三井Ｅ＆Ｓマシナリー 船舶排ガスの洗浄排水処理装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015116529A (ja) * 2013-12-18 2015-06-25 川崎重工業株式会社 スクラバーの浄水システム
JP2015536822A (ja) * 2012-11-29 2015-12-24 アルファ−ラヴァル・コーポレート・アーベー 排ガスの洗浄のためのシステム、そのようなシステムの使用、及び多重システム
WO2017150155A1 (fr) * 2016-03-04 2017-09-08 三菱重工業株式会社 Système de recirculation des gaz d'échappement

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015536822A (ja) * 2012-11-29 2015-12-24 アルファ−ラヴァル・コーポレート・アーベー 排ガスの洗浄のためのシステム、そのようなシステムの使用、及び多重システム
JP2015116529A (ja) * 2013-12-18 2015-06-25 川崎重工業株式会社 スクラバーの浄水システム
WO2017150155A1 (fr) * 2016-03-04 2017-09-08 三菱重工業株式会社 Système de recirculation des gaz d'échappement

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6990787B1 (ja) 2021-01-21 2022-01-12 株式会社三井Ｅ＆Ｓマシナリー 船舶排ガスの洗浄排水処理装置
JP2022045350A (ja) * 2021-01-21 2022-03-18 株式会社三井Ｅ＆Ｓマシナリー 船舶排ガスの洗浄排水処理装置
JP7049513B2 (ja) 2021-01-21 2022-04-06 株式会社三井Ｅ＆Ｓマシナリー 船舶排ガスの洗浄排水処理装置
JP2022112176A (ja) * 2021-01-21 2022-08-02 株式会社三井Ｅ＆Ｓマシナリー 船舶排ガスの洗浄排水処理装置

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