WO2018211513A1 - Procédé et système de maintien de la qualité de l'eau - Google Patents

Procédé et système de maintien de la qualité de l'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018211513A1
WO2018211513A1 PCT/IL2018/050541 IL2018050541W WO2018211513A1 WO 2018211513 A1 WO2018211513 A1 WO 2018211513A1 IL 2018050541 W IL2018050541 W IL 2018050541W WO 2018211513 A1 WO2018211513 A1 WO 2018211513A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
treatment
region
water system
sub
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PCT/IL2018/050541
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English (en)
Inventor
Itay IVRY
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Latimeria Ltd.
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Publication of WO2018211513A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018211513A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/06—Arrangements for heating or lighting in, or attached to, receptacles for live fish
    • A01K63/065—Heating or cooling devices

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to water systems and methods for growing and maintaining aquatic creatures. More specifically, the present invention relates to a partially-closed water system for growing a population of an aquatic organism while maintaining desired levels of quality-related parameters (QRPs) of said water.
  • QRPs quality-related parameters
  • US 6,443,097 relates to the growing of fish at all life stages (including broodstock and spawning), and details a process for recirculating water in an aquaculture for achieving optimal growing yield of the fish.
  • the water treatment process outlined in US 6,443,097 comprises: flowing the water from a growing region through a mechanical filter for the removal of particles over >20 micron; optionally using a protein skimmer for removing proteinaceous material; biofiltering the filtered water for: (a) nitrification under aerobic conditions, followed by (b) denitrification under anaerobic conditions; and re-oxygenating the water prior to their return to the growing tank.
  • the system is designed to provide less than 10% daily water exchange.
  • the present invention provides a method for maintaining desired levels of quality-related parameters (QRPs) of water in a semi-closed water system in which a population of an aquatic organism is being grown, said water system consisting of a growing region in which said population of aquatic organism is located, and a treatment region in which said water undergo treatment phases, said regions being separated by a selective barrier enabling both flow of water and heat transfer between said growing region and said treatment region, wherein water constantly flows from said growing region to said treatment region according to the communicating vessels law, said method comprising circulating said water between said growing region and said treatment region while maintaining an essentially constant water level in said water system thereby maintaining said desired levels of said QRPs, wherein the water is circulated in a flow rate constantly adjusted for controlling water oxygenation (dissolved oxygen); and levels of the metabolites: ammonia, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate, wherein said QRPs include said metabolites; calcium, magnesium, oxygen, salinity, temperature, turbidity
  • the present invention provides a partially-closed water system for growing a population of an aquatic organism while maintaining desired levels of QRPs of said water, said water system consisting of a growing region in which said population of aquatic organism is located and a treatment region in which said water undergo treatment phases, said regions being separated by a selective barrier enabling flow of water and heat transfer between said growing region and said treatment region, wherein water constantly flows from said growing region to said treatment region according to the communicating vessels law, wherein the water in said water system is circulated between said growing region and said treatment region while maintaining an essentially constant water level in said water system as well as desired levels of said QRPs; wherein the water is circulated in a flow rate constantly adjusted for controlling water oxygenation; and levels of the metabolites: ammonia, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate; said QRPs include said metabolites, calcium, magnesium, oxygen, salinity, temperature, turbidity, pH, and alkalinity; and said treatment phases include: (a
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a water system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a water system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • the present invention aims at solving all of the above, and other, problems and shortcomings.
  • the present invention relates to a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) generally comprising: a region growing region configured to contain water for growing an aquatic species; a water treatment region adjacent to said growing region; and a barrier between the growing region and the water treatment region which allows transfer of heat between regions.
  • RAS recirculation aquaculture system
  • RAS according to the invention is suitable for growing aquatic species including marine, brackish and fresh-water fish, mollusks and crustaceans.
  • the RAS is advantageous in that it is a near- zero discharge system (water does not need to be removed and introduced to the system after the system is filled) and may be used to grow aquatic species in locations far from natural bodies of water.
  • the aquaculture system has many advantages including energetic efficiency, water efficiency and modularity.
  • the present invention first provides a method for maintaining desired levels of quality-related parameters (QRPs) of water in a semi-closed water system in which a population of an aquatic organism is being grown, said water system consisting of a growing region in which said population of aquatic organism is located, and a treatment region in which said water undergo treatment phases, said regions being separated by a selective barrier enabling both free flow of water and free heat transfer between said growing region and said treatment region, wherein water constantly flows from said growing region to said treatment region according to the communicating vessels law, wherein the water in said water system is circulated between said growing region and said treatment region while maintaining an essentially constant water level in said water system as well as desired levels of said QRPs; wherein the water is circulated in a flow rate constantly adjusted for controlling water oxygenation (aeration/ventilation); and levels of the metabolites: ammonia, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate, wherein said QRPs include said metabolites, calcium, magnesium, oxygen, sal
  • growing as used herein may be replaced with the term “holding”, and both are used herein interchangeably when referring to the physical containment of aquatic organisms in a specific region of the RAS of the invention.
  • si-closed water system used herein interchangeably with the term “partially-closed water system”, means any water system in which there is a near-zero water discharge, namely that the amount of water that is lost and needs to be replaced with new water is minimal, i.e. less than 5% per day of the amount of water within said system.
  • an essentially constant water level refers to maintaining the overall water level within the water system at the same level during its operation, e.g. by the addition of water thereto to replace water loss due to evaporation and/or to replace water which was actively removed from the system for any reason.
  • This phrase further refers to the maintaining of the water upper surface within the different regions in the water system of the invention (growing and treating regions, as well as any sub-regions within said treatment region) at almost identical level, i.e. keeping the water level slightly higher in the growing region compared to the treatment region throughout the entire water treatment process, to thereby enable water flow according to the principle of communicating vessels from said growing region to said treatment region.
  • the water in which said population of an aquatic organism is being grown is seawater, artificial seawater, or a mixture thereof; or said water in which said population of an aquatic organism is being grown is freshwater.
  • heat transfer refers to the fact that the temperature within the growing region and the treatment region remains essentially the same due to the constant flow of water between the two regions that results in temperature steadiness within the RAS of the invention.
  • the temperature within the growing region and the treatment region remains essentially the same due to the constant heat transfer/flux from one region to the other via the barrier separating the two regions.
  • the present invention provides a method for maintaining desired levels of quality-related parameters (QRPs) of water in a semi-closed water system in which a population of an aquatic organism is being grown, said water system consisting of a growing region in which said population of aquatic organism is located and a treatment region in which said water undergo treatment phases, said regions being separated by a selective barrier enabling flow of water between said growing region and said treatment region, thereby maintaining a constant and essentially identical temperature at both the growing- and treatment regions, wherein water constantly flows from said growing region to said treatment region according to the communicating vessels law.
  • QRPs quality-related parameters
  • the water in the RAS of the invention flow in a closed- circle, i.e. from the growing region to the treatment region and back to the growing region.
  • the water pass from said growing region to said treatment region according to the communicating vessels law, due to active delivery of the water from said treatment region back to the growing region.
  • active delivery of water can be carried by any suitable means, such as a pump.
  • said water delivery is performed by an airlift pump, which is cost efficient and further enriches the water with air/oxygen.
  • water is being circulated between said growing region and said treatment region by a pump.
  • the pump may be located anywhere in the system, e.g. to pump water from the growing region and deliver same to the treatment region; within the treatment region; or to pump water from the treatment region and deliver same to the growing region.
  • the circulation of said water is achieved by pumping water from said treatment region, after being aerobically treated, into said growing region while aerating/ventilating the pumped water, e.g. by an airlift pump and/or waterfall to thereby enrich the water with oxygen.
  • said pump is an airlift pump.
  • the flow rate of water through the treatment region has an effect on the efficiency of the treatment, removal of hazardous materials from the water, and water oxygenation (aeration/ventilation). Accordingly, it is essential to monitor and adjust the water flow rate according to need and level of contaminants. As such, in certain embodiments of the method of the invention, the water flow rate is monitored and constantly or periodically adjusted for controlling water oxygenation and levels of the metabolites: ammonia, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate.
  • water is continuously or periodically added to said water system in an amount sufficient for compensating for water loss due to evaporation; and an additional amount of water is optionally continuously or periodically added to said water system for maintaining desired concentrations [i.e. PPB] of trace elements and said metabolites in said water, while an amount of water equivalent to said additional amount is being removed from said water system, such that the water level in said water system (RAS) is maintained essentially constant.
  • PPB concentrations
  • the overall amount of water added to the water system during operation is less than 5%, preferably about 0.5 to about 1.5%, per day of the amount of water within said system water.
  • the RAS and method according to the invention is designed to remove metabolites selected from ammonia, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate, from the water. They are also designed to remove trace elements by any suitable means, such as designated bacteria, special chemical process, and removal of water containing such trace elements and replacement thereof with clean new water. In the last case, water has to be added to the system in order to compensate for the water being removed.
  • the temperature of the water is highly important- both for the aquatic organisms being grown, their fertility and reproductive cycle, and for the bacterium used to treat the water passing through the treatment region. Accordingly, in certain embodiments of the method of the invention, the temperature of the water in the water system is monitored, controlled and maintained within a desired temperature range. In certain embodiments, the temperature is kept constant and identical throughout the entire system, i.e. in the growing- and treatment-regions. In a specific alternative embodiment, the temperature is kept different between the regions, and even different between various treatment sub- regions within the treatment region- this is when the temperature needed for optimal activity of the bacteria being used to treat the water is different from that required for optimal growth and mating of the aquatic organisms being grown.
  • the water temperature within the RAS of the invention is controlled via water heater and chiller, which are not necessarily integrated into said RAS.
  • heating and chilling of the water is achieved by using any suitable mechanism or system.
  • an independent submersible water heater (optionally located within the growing region) and having a thermostat, may be used to heat the water directly, whereas an external water chiller drawing water with a pump may recirculate the water between the system and the chiller.
  • Another alternative is to use a central temperature control unit with heat transfer apparatuses for each of the systems.
  • the treatment phases of the method according to the invention further comprise a step of harvesting said population of aquatic organism once said population reaches a predefined biomass or biomass per liter value, e.g. 10 kg/cubic meter.
  • a predefined biomass or biomass per liter value e.g. 10 kg/cubic meter.
  • the treatment of the water in the treatment region in the RAS of the invention is conducted in order maintain desired levels of QRPs of the water.
  • the above mentioned treatment steps may be modified, re-ordered, and repeated as necessary, dependent on the quality of water, flow rate, temperature, etc.
  • the treatment phases of the method of the invention include each one of (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e).
  • said treatment phases include at least one step of each one of: (a) at least one step of mechanical filtration for removal of suspended organic matter from the water; (b) at least one step of aerobic treatment for removal of ammonia and ammonium (NH 3 and NH 4 + ) from the water by converting it into nitrite (N0 2 ⁇ ) and then converting said nitrite into nitrate (N0 3 ); (c) at least one step of anaerobic/anoxic treatment for removal of said nitrate from the water by converting it into nitrogen that is released from the water; (d) optionally, at least one step of ozonation for addition of ozone into the water thereby killing pathogenic bacteria, and reducing load of microorganism and (dissolved) organic matter; and (e) optionally, at least one step of protein skimming for removal of protein-based foam.
  • said treatment phases include a step of mechanical macro filtration, followed by a step of anaerobic/anoxic treatment, followed by a step of mechanical micro filtration, followed by a step of aerobic treatment.
  • said treatment phases include a step of mechanical macro filtration, followed by a step of aerobic treatment, followed by a step of mechanical micro filtration, followed by a step of anaerobic/anoxic treatment.
  • the same water system can be used for different water treatment types and purposes by changing the treatment material / substrate / bacteria and/or the order of the treatments.
  • the water system has to be programmed such as to allow receiving different types of treatment plans for differently treating water in which different aquatic organisms are grown.
  • a designated mobile application operable via a remote user device such as a smartphone or separate computer and the like, receives input from the user indicative of the treatment required out of selectable options provided in a user interface thereof.
  • the user of the water system will be required of course, to place the right treatment materials / bacteria in the right sub-regions according to the desired treatment setup in order for the water treatment to be performed.
  • micro filtration refers to the removal of particles from the water within the RAS, said particles having a particle size of 500 ⁇ or larger; and the term “micro filtration” as used herein refers to the removal of particles from the water within the RAS, said particles having a particle size of from about 10 ⁇ to about 500 ⁇ .
  • the method of the invention further comprises steps of protein skimming and ozonation.
  • the ozonation is carried out during said protein skimming, within the unit responsible for said protein skimming.
  • the protein skimmer may be located immediately after (downstream) to the micro-filtration unit and/or at the aerobic filter.
  • the foam generated by said protein skimmer is either extracted from the system or delivered to the anaerobic treatment area/region.
  • said treatment phases further include a step of protein skimming, after the micro-filtration step, optionally together with an additional step of ozonation.
  • the ozonation step is carried out within said protein skimmer, which can be located in the micro filtration area or the aerobic area of the filter, such that the generated foam is delivered/passed to the anaerobic treatment sub-region.
  • said at least one step of mechanical filtration is performed by sedimentation, optionally together with a net for increasing surface area and improving sedimentation.
  • said mechanic filtration comprises a two- or three- or more filtration steps, each for the removal of smaller and smaller particles. For instance, the 1 st filtration step for the removal of rough and large-sized organic matter, and the 2 nd filtration step for gentle removal of floating particles of up to 10 ⁇ .
  • said at least one step of mechanical filtration comprises sedimentation such as a filtration sand, membrane filtration such as synthetic fabric for example Hollow fiber, or any combination thereof; or said at least one step of anaerobic treatment is performed by an anaerobic bacterium such as Vibrio, Spirillium, Rhizobium, Paracoccus, Moraxella, Flavobacterium, Chromobacterium Bacillus, Agrobacterium, Acinetobacter and Achromobacte; or said at least one step of aerobic treatment is performed by an aerobic bacteria, such as Nitrosococcus, Nitrosospira, Nitroeystis, Nitrospina, Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas.
  • an anaerobic bacterium such as Vibrio, Spirillium, Rhizobium, Paracoccus, Moraxella, Flavobacterium, Chromobacterium Bacillus, Agrobacterium, Acinetobacter and Achromobacte
  • said at least one step of aerobic treatment is performed by an aerobic bacteria
  • the RAS and method according to the invention can be used to hold and grow any type of aquatic creature by simply adjusting the type of water and the different parameters of the method (e.g. water temperature, water flowing rate, treatment phases, etc.). Accordingly, in certain embodiments of the method of the invention, the water in said RAS is seawater, artificial seawater, or a mixture thereof, and the water added to said RAS is seawater or artificial seawater; or the water in said RAS is freshwater, and the water added to said RAS is freshwater.
  • the water is being circulated between said growing region and said treatment region by a pump and by the principle of communicating vessels, wherein the pump (e.g. airlift pump) is used only for pumping water from the treatment region to the growing region, and subsequently the water from the growing region pass to the treatment region according to the principle of communicating vessels; and said flow rate is constantly or periodically adjusted for controlling water oxygenation (aeration/ventilation); and levels of the metabolites: ammonia, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate; and water is continuously or periodically added to said water system (RAS) in an amount sufficient for compensating for water loss due to evaporation; and an additional amount of water is optionally continuously or periodically added to said water system for maintaining desired concentrations of trace elements and metabolites, especially phosphorous, while an amount of water equivalent to said additional amount is being removed from said water system; and the temperature of the water in said water system is maintained within a desired temperature range; and said treatment phases include
  • the circulation of said water is achieved by pumping water from said treatment region after being aerobically treated, into said growing region while aerating/ventilating the pumped water; and/or the overall amount of water added to said water system is less than 5%, preferably about 0.5 to about 1.5%, per day of the amount of water within said system water (RAS); and/or said treatment phases further include a step of protein skimming, after the micro -filtration step and after said step of anaerobic/anoxic treatment, and prior to said step of aerobic treatment, optionally together with an additional step of ozonation; and/or said at least one step of mechanical filtration comprises sedimentation, membrane filtration, or a combination thereof; and/or said at least one step of anaerobic treatment is performed by an anaerobic bacteria; and/or said at least one step of aerobic treatment is performed by an aerobic bacteria.
  • RAS system water
  • the circulation of the water in the RAS of the invention is achieved by pumping water from said treatment region after being aerobically treated, into said growing region while aerating/ventilating the pumped water; and the overall amount of water added to said water system is less than 5%, preferably about 0.5 to about 1.5%, per day of the amount of water within said system water; and/or said treatment phases further include a step of protein skimming, after said step of anaerobic/anoxic treatment, and prior to said step of aerobic treatment, optionally together with an additional step of ozonation; and said at least one step of mechanical filtration comprises sedimentation, membrane filtration, or a combination thereof; and said at least one step of anaerobic treatment is performed by an anaerobic bacteria; and said at least one step of aerobic treatment is performed by an aerobic bacteria.
  • the water in said water system is seawater, artificial seawater, or a mixture thereof, and the water added to said water system is seawater or artificial seawater; or the water in said water system is freshwater.
  • any water added to said water system is freshwater; and wherein said population of an aquatic organism is a breading school, aquatic larvae, or aquatic juveniles.
  • the RAS and method according to the invention can be used to hold and grow any type of aquatic creature and for any purpose, such as for breeding, growing larvae and/or juveniles, and fattening for harvesting.
  • the population of an aquatic organism is a breeding school, such as fish- and shrimps -breeding school; aquatic larvae; or aquatic juveniles.
  • Non-limiting examples of families of aquatic creature that can be grown in the RAS of the invention according to the method of the invention are: Sparidae, Moronidae, Serranidae, Scombridae, Carangidae, Cyprinidae, Cichlidae, Salmonidae, Anguillidae, Mugilidae, Poliprionidae, Gadidae, Soleidae, Pleuronectidae.
  • adjectives such as “substantially”, “essentially” and “about” modifying a condition or relationship characteristic of a feature or features of an embodiment of the invention are understood to mean that the condition or characteristic is defined to within tolerances that are acceptable for operation of the embodiment for an application for which it is intended.
  • the terms “substantially”, “essentially” and “about” refer to a variation of up to 10% from a given value.
  • the present invention provides a method for maintaining desired levels of quality-related parameters (QRPs) of water in a semi-closed water system in which a breeding aquatic school is being grown, said water system consisting of a growing region in which said breeding school is located, and a treatment region in which said water undergo treatment phases, said regions being separated by a selective barrier enabling both flow of water and free heat transfer between said growing region and said treatment region, wherein water constantly flows from said growing region to said treatment region according to the communicating vessels law, said method comprising circulating said water between said growing region and said treatment region while maintaining an essentially constant water level in said water system thereby maintaining said desired levels of said QRPs, wherein the water is circulated using an airlift pump for delivering/passing water from the last sub-region within said treatment region to said growing region, in a flow rate which is constantly or periodically adjusted for controlling water oxygenation (aeration/ventilation); and levels of the metabolites: ammonia, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite
  • the present invention further provides a partially-closed water system (RAS) for growing a population of an aquatic organism while maintaining desired levels of quality- related parameters (QRPs) of said water, said water system consisting of a growing region in which said population of aquatic organism is located and a treatment region in which said water undergo treatment phases, said regions being separated by a partially-permeable / selective barrier enabling free flow of water and free heat transfer between said growing region and said treatment region, wherein water constantly flows from said growing region to said treatment region according to the communicating vessels law, wherein the water in said water system is circulated between said growing region and said treatment region while maintaining an essentially constant water level in said water system as well as desired levels of said QRPs; wherein the water is circulated in a flow rate constantly adjusted for controlling water oxygenation; and levels of the metabolites: ammonia, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate; said QRPs include said metabolites, calcium, magnesium, oxygen, salinity, temperature, turbidity (
  • the ratio between said growing region and said treatment region is from 10: 1 to 1:1 (v:v), from 10:2 to 1: 1 (v.-v), from 10:3 to 1: 1 (v:v), from 10:4 to 1: 1 (v:v), from 10:5 to 1: 1 (v:v), from 10:7 to 1: 1 (v.-v), from 10:8 to 1: 1 (v:v), from 10:9 to 1: 1 (v:v), from 10: 1 to 2: 1 (v:v), from 10: 1 to 3: 1 (v.-v), from 10:1 to 4: 1 (v:v), from 10: 1 to 5:1 (v:v), from 10: 1 to 6: 1 (v:v), from 10: 1 to 7: 1 (v.-v), from 10: 1 to 8: 1 (v:v), from 10: 1 to 9: 1 (v:v), or from 1: 1 to 10: 1 (v:v).
  • the water system of the invention further comprises a pump for circulating the water between said growing region and said treatment region.
  • the pump is positioned so that the water is pumped from said treatment region, after being aerobically treated, into said growing region while aeration/ventilation. In such a configuration, water is not pumped from the growing region to the treatment region, but are passively flowing according to the principle of communicating vessels.
  • the water system of the invention comprises one, two, three, or more, pumps; each pump located at a different location within the water system, and is responsible for pumping the water from one region to the other, and/or from one sub-region to the other.
  • said pump is an airlift pump.
  • pump refers to any suitable means / device for moving a liquid and thus generating flow thereof, by a mechanical action, either by pulling or pushing the water.
  • suitable pumps are airlift pump, positive displacement pumps, impulse pumps, gravity pumps, steam pumps, and valveless pumps.
  • the pump within the water system of the invention is responsible for the water flow, and assists or determines the water flow rate. Accordingly, in a specific embodiment of the water system of the invention, the flow rate is constantly or periodically adjusted for controlling water oxygenation (aeration/ventilation); and levels of the metabolites: ammonia, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate.
  • water tends to evaporate, and therefore in order to maintain an essentially constant water level, there is a need to add new water to replace the evaporated water. Accordingly, in certain embodiments of the water system of the invention, water is continuously or periodically added to the water system in an amount sufficient for compensating for water loss due to evaporation. In another specific embodiment, an additional amount of water is optionally continuously or periodically added to the water system for maintaining desired concentrations of trace elements and said metabolites, especially phosphorous, in said water, while an amount of water equivalent to said additional amount is being removed from said water system.
  • the overall amount of water added to said water system is less than about 5%, about 0.5 to about 1.5%, about 0.5 to about 2.5%, about 0.5 to about 3.5%, about 0.5 to about 4.5%, about 1.0 to about 4.5%, about 1.5 to about 4.5%, about 2.0 to about 4.5%, about 2.5 to about 4.5%, or about 3.0 to about 4.5%, per day of the amount of water within said system water.
  • the temperature of the water in the water system of the invention is maintained within a desired temperature range.
  • the water system (RAS) of the invention further comprises at least one
  • the water system (RAS) of the invention further comprises at least one thermostat for measuring the temperature of the water at any location within the RAS; and a temperature controlling unit associated with said at least one thermostat and capable of both controlling the operation of an external cooling/heating means as well as directing the circulating water to flow through said external cooling/heating means, for maintaining a desired water temperature within said water system.
  • the RAS of the invention further comprises an integral heating means, such as a submersible water heater (optionally located within the growing region), which is associated with said at least one thermostat, for heating the water within said growing region directly.
  • the RAS of the invention further comprises an external water chiller and optionally a pump for recirculating the water between the RAS and the chiller.
  • the RAS of the invention further comprises a central temperature control unit with heat transfer apparatus.
  • the treatment phases performed within the treatment region include mechanical macro filtration, followed by a step of anaerobic/anoxic treatment, followed by a step of mechanical micro filtration, followed by a step of aerobic treatment.
  • said treatment phases further include a step of protein skimming, after said step of anaerobic/anoxic treatment, and prior to said step of aerobic treatment, optionally together with an additional step of ozonation.
  • Different aquatic creatures require different growing conditions. The same applies to different life- and fertility- stages of each creature.
  • the RAS of the invention further comprises a central control unit capable of controlling the different components of the RAS, such as the pump, the heater and cooler, etc. the thereby adjust the treatment phases according to need.
  • the treatment region of the RAS of the invention may be divided into sub-regions, each for performing a specific treatment.
  • the treatment region consists of a plurality of sub-regions, each for carrying out one or more of said treatment phases, and wherein each two adjacent sub-regions of said plurality of sub- regions are separated by a permeable barrier enabling both free flow of the water and heat transfer between said two adjacent sub-regions.
  • the water flows from one sub-region to the other by the aid of a pump.
  • the water flows from one sub-region to the other according to the principle of communicating vessels.
  • said plurality of sub-regions comprises: at least one sub-region for performing mechanical filtration; a sub-region for performing anaerobic/anoxic treatment; and a sub-region for performing aerobic treatment.
  • said at least one sub-region for performing mechanical filtration is a sedimentation sub-region.
  • said plurality of sub-regions comprises a sub-region for performing mechanical macro filtration; and a sub-region for performing mechanical micro filtration.
  • said plurality of sub-regions further comprise a sub-region for performing ozonation and/or a sub-region for performing protein skimming.
  • said plurality of sub-regions comprises a sub- region for performing aerobic treatment for the removal of ammonia and ammonium from the water by converting them into nitrite and then converting said nitrite into nitrate using an aerobic bacteria, such as Nitrosococcus, Nitrosospira, Nitroeystis, Nitrospina, Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas.
  • an aerobic bacteria such as Nitrosococcus, Nitrosospira, Nitroeystis, Nitrospina, Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas.
  • said plurality of sub-regions comprises a sub-region for performing anaerobic/anoxic treatment for removal of said nitrate from the water by converting it into nitrogen by an anaerobic bacterium such as Vibrio, Spirillium, Rhizobium, Paracoccus, Moraxella, Flavobacterium, Chromobacterium Bacillus, Agrobacterium, Acinetobacter and Achromobacte .
  • an anaerobic bacterium such as Vibrio, Spirillium, Rhizobium, Paracoccus, Moraxella, Flavobacterium, Chromobacterium Bacillus, Agrobacterium, Acinetobacter and Achromobacte .
  • each sub-region within the treatment region can be controlled and modified individually, optionally by a central control unit.
  • said control unit comprises a control panel enabling a user to modify desired parameters and treatment phases as desired/ needed.
  • the RAS of the invention includes a communication and control unit configured for receiving treatment plan data from remote communication devices of users such as from mobile phones, computers, tablet devices and the like.
  • the design of the water system (RAS) of the invention is flexible and can be modified according to need and space limitations. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, the RAS of the invention can be as big as a swimming pool and as small as a household aquarium. In certain embodiments, the water system of the invention is triangle-, rectangle-, square-, circle-, or octagon- shaped. In specific embodiments, the water system (RAS) of the invention is designed such that said treatment region surrounds said growing region. In alternative specific embodiments, the water system (RAS) of the invention is designed such that said growing region surrounds said treatment region, thereby allowing the aquatic organisms being grown to swim around in a large circle.
  • the present invention provides a partially-closed water system (RAS) for growing a breeding aquatic school while maintaining desired levels of quality-related parameters (QRPs) of said water, said water system consisting of a growing region in which said breeding school is located and a treatment region in which said water undergo treatment phases, said regions being separated by a partially-permeable / selective barrier enabling flow of water and free heat transfer between said growing region and said treatment region, wherein water constantly flows from said growing region to said treatment region according to the communicating vessels law, wherein the water is circulated using an airlift pump for delivering/passing water from the last sub-region within said treatment region to said growing region, in a flow rate constantly or periodically adjusted for controlling water oxygenation (aeration/ventilation); and levels of the metabolites: ammonia, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate, and wherein said QRPs include said metabolites, calcium, magnesium, oxygen, salinity, temperature, turbidity (susp
  • ozonation for addition of ozone into the water thereby killing pathogenic bacteria, and reducing load of microorganism and (dissolved) organic matter
  • protein skimming for removal of protein-based foam
  • aerobic treatment for removal of ammonia and ammonium (NH 3 and NH 4 + ) from the water by converting it into nitrite (N0 2 ⁇ ) and then converting said nitrite (N0 3 ) into nitrate
  • anaerobic/anoxic treatment for removal of said nitrate from the water by converting it into nitrogen that is released from the water, wherein the step of protein skimming is performed after said step of anaerobic/anoxic treatment, and prior to said step of aerobic treatment, and together with said ozonation step.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a RAS 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention and illustrates the mechanism of action thereof:
  • the RAS 10 comprises a growing region 20 surrounded by a treatment region 30.
  • the growing region 20 comprises an outlet 24 attached to pipe leading to the treatment region 30, which comprises several sub-regions: a sedimentation sub-region 40 where heavy particles sink by increasing the surface area of the water; an anaerobic sub-region 50 where nitrates are sequestrated; a protein skimmer 78 that foams and discharges proteins back into the anaerobic sub-region; a micro-filtration sub- region 60, e.g. a sand filter, for reducing the amount of small particles; an aerobic sub-region 70 where nitrates are further sequestrated; and an airlift pump 80 that returns oxygenated water into the inner ring growing region 20.
  • a sedimentation sub-region 40 where heavy particles sink by increasing the surface area of the water
  • an anaerobic sub-region 50 where n
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a RAS 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • RAS 10 comprises a growing region 20 enclosed by a growing region wall 22 and a water treatment region 30 enclosed by an external wall 32.
  • the growing region 20 comprises an outlet 24 attached to pipe 26 and mesh screen 25.
  • the water treatment region 30 comprises a sedimentation sub-region 40, an anaerobic sub-region 50, a filtration sub-region 60 and an aerobic sub-region 70, optionally separated by barriers.
  • Sedimentation sub-region 40 comprises a water inlet 42 and a lamella unit 44.
  • the anaerobic sub-region 50 may comprise anaerobic cultivators 52.
  • the filtration sub-region 60 comprises a support platform 62 and a fine filter 66.
  • the aerobic sub-region 70 comprises beads 72, represented by small "X"s, an oxygenation line 74, an air intake hose 76, a protein skimmer 78, an airlift pump 80 and an airlift pump outlet 82.
  • the ratio between the volume of growing region 20 and the volume of the treatment region 30 is between about 7:3 and 1:1.
  • the diameter of the RAS 10 is between about 3 meters and about 12 meters and has a depth of about 1 meter. In an embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the growing region 20 is between about 2 meters and about 10 meters.
  • the RAS 10 of the invention is constructed of any suitable material, such as a plastic selected from polypropylene, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, or any combination thereof.
  • the RAS 10 is constructed of fiberglass, wood, concrete having a plastic or epoxy coating, or any combination thereof.
  • the growing region 20 is filled with water- either fresh water or seawater as appropriate to the aquatic species intended to be grown.
  • the RAS 10 of the invention comprises a water treatment region 30 for treating the water within the RAS to thereby provide clean (recycled) water for enabling growing aquatic species in the growing region 20.
  • the water treatment region 30 functions to remove solid sediment and chemical waste from the water within the RAS 10.
  • Ammonia is a component of the chemical waste which may be toxic to aquatic species at high concentrations and may be present in aquatic species waste and/or may be formed upon degradation of dead aquatic species and excess aquatic species food.
  • the aerobic sub-region 70 is designed to remove ammonia from the water by converting it into nitrite and further converting the nitrite into nitrate.
  • the anaerobic sub-region 50 then converts the nitrate to nitrogen gas, which is released from the water into the atmosphere.
  • the outlet 24 has a mesh screen 25 that allows the flow of water, and allows passage of dissolved chemical wastes and particles such as excess food and aquatic species' excrement, but prevents the flow of aquatic species through the outlet. Thanks to the principle of communicating vessels, the water fills the sedimentation sub-region 40 to about the same water height as that of the growing region 20.
  • the sedimentation sub-region 40 is fitted with a sedimentation enhancing device.
  • sedimentation devices include a mesh net, a sedimentation rope or lamella.
  • the sedimentation sub-region 40 is fitted with lamella unit 44.
  • the lamella unit 44 comprises a plurality of lamellae oriented substantially parallel to the floor of the RAS 10 and arranged to allow water flow between each of the lamellae.
  • the highest lamella is positioned about 5-10 cm below the surface of water in the sedimentation sub- region 40.
  • the lamellae serve to slow down water flow thereby promoting sedimentation of solids onto the lamellae.
  • the lamella unit 44 comprises about between 5 and 15 lamellae.
  • the lamellae are angled upwards (from a lower point in proximity to the water inlet 42 to a higher point in proximity to the barrier 46) at an angle of about 15 to 45 degrees relative to the floor of the RAS 10.
  • a barrier between these two sub-regions is configured to end below the water level, thereby allowing for water flow over the barrier from the sedimentation sub-region 40 and in the anaerobic sub-region 50.
  • the anaerobic sub-region 50 comprises anaerobic bacteria.
  • said anaerobic bacteria convert nitrogen compounds such as nitrate into nitrogen gas.
  • the barrier 54 is configured to end below the water level, thereby allowing for water flow over the barrier. Since the anaerobic sub-region 50 is configured to allow water entry and output via openings, both close to the surface of the water, water movement through the lower sections of the anaerobic sub-region 50 is gradual, thereby promoting growth of anaerobic bacteria.
  • the treatment region 30 is configured to decrease water velocity through the sedimentation sub-region 40 and the anaerobic sub-region 50. In other embodiments, the treatment region 30 is configured to increase the water velocity through the aerobic sub-region 70.
  • the growing region 20 and the external wall 32 of the RAS 10 are shaped as eccentric circular cylinders for which the axis of the central cylindrical growing region 20 does not coincide with the axis of the outer of wall of the RAS 10.
  • the width of the treatment region 30 is not uniform, and is narrowest at the point where treatment starts and as water flows through the treatment region 30, becomes wider to its widest point. The width then decreases as water continues to flow through the filtration sub- region 60 and through the aerobic sub-region 70. Velocity of a fluid increases as the width of the channel through which the fluid flows is narrowed, and decreases as the channel is widened.
  • water velocity decreases while passing through the sedimentation- 40 and anaerobic- 50 sub-regions as the width of the chamber widens.
  • Decrease in water velocity through the sedimentation sub-region 40 assists in allowing particles floating in water passing therethrough to freely sediment and to become deposited on lamellae or on the floor of the sedimentation sub-region, thereby enhancing sedimentation.
  • the decrease in water velocity through the anaerobic sub-region 50 enhances anaerobic bacteria growth and activity by limiting water flow-induced disturbance of anaerobic matrix. Water velocity increases while passing through the filtration sub-region 60 and through the aerobic sub-region 70.
  • fine filter 66 fills the filtration sub-region 60 from close to the water surface and rests on an optional support platform 62 positioned about 5-20 cm from the bottom of the filtration sub-region 60. Water flows in a downward motion from the top of the filtration sub-region 60, through the fine filter 66, through openings in the support platform 62 to the bottom of the filtration sub-region 60.
  • the fine filter 66 filters fine sediment from water that flows through it and can be removed for cleaning and/or replaced with a new filter.
  • the support platform 62 is porous, allowing for water to flow past it while maintaining the fine filter 66 in place.
  • Fine filter 66 may be made of a fibrous polyester fiber, synthetic sponge or other filtration materials.
  • fine filter 66 may be comprised of sand surrounded by a water-porous fabric such as polyester or polypropylene woven or non-woven fabric which holds the sand in place in filtration sub-region 60.
  • the aerobic sub-region 70 is equipped with beads 72 which provide surface area for aerobic bacteria to grow on.
  • the beads may be formed of plastic or other inert material. According to certain embodiments, the beads are approximately 1 cm in diameter and have a 2
  • the beads are configured to have a specific gravity of about 1 to allow for their suspension in the water.
  • the aerobic sub-region 70 comprises aerobic bacteria.
  • the aerobic bacteria are oxidizing bacteria capable of converting ammonia into nitrite, or nitrite into nitrate.
  • a protein skimmer 78 upon entry of water into the aerobic sub-region 70, removes protein-based foam from the surface of the water in the aerobic sub-region.
  • the protein skimmer is positioned elsewhere, e.g. before the anaerobic sub-region.
  • the protein skimmer 78 comprises a tube extended vertically from close to the bottom of the aerobic sub-region 70 to about 20 cm above water level.
  • a column of fine air bubbles is formed within the tube and the bubbles collect proteins and other substances and carry them to the top of the tube where the foam collects in a foam receptacle above the water surface, and may be removed from the tube mechanically, or may flow from the tube to outside of the RAS 10.
  • the protein skimmer 78 is located in a sub-region of the treatment region 30 other than the aerobic sub-region 70.
  • An air intake hose 76 pumps air into an oxygenation line 74, a tube spread along the bottom of aerobic sub-region 70, the oxygenation line having multiple holes to release air and oxygenate the water to promote growth of aquaculture and aerobic bacteria. Air bubbles released from the oxygenation line 74 increase churning of water in aerobic tank, further promoting growth of aerobic bacteria.
  • An airlift pump 80 elevates water from the aerobic sub-region 70 into an airlift pump outlet 82, which is located above and adjacent to the growing region wall 22.
  • the water then flows into the growing region 20, raising the water level therein.
  • the raise in water level provides pressure (according to the principle of communicating vessel) which causes water to flow from the growing region 20 to the sedimentation sub- region 40, further to the anaerobic sub-region 50, further to the filtration sub-region 60, and then further to the aerobic sub-region 70.
  • a centrifugal pump is used to transfer water from the aerobic sub-region 70 to the growing region 20.
  • the difference in water height (head) between the water in the aerobic sub-region 70 and the water in the growing region 20 is less than 5 cm. In a specific embodiment, the head is less than 2 cm.
  • the RAS 10 further comprises a water intake valve configured to add water upon loss of water, e.g. due to evaporation.
  • the treatment region 30 further comprises an ozonator which introduces ozone into the water system to kill pathogenic bacteria.
  • the ozonator introduces ozone into the aerobic sub-region 70.
  • the ozonator introduces ozone into the water in the protein skimmer 78.
  • a pipe 26 is fitted with a valve through which water flows to empty the RAS 10.
  • the sedimentation sub-region 40 is fitted with a valve located near its bottom.
  • the valve may be opened to allow sediment collected at the bottom to flow out for disposal.
  • a RAS 10 according to the invention has many advantages, including the ability to grow (any) aquatic species in isolated areas without the need of a constant supply of clean fresh water or seawater because water can be recirculated between the treatment region 30 and the growing region 20 without the need to remove water from the RAS 10.
  • a RAS 10 may employ a single airlift pump 80 or similar low-energy apparatus to provide for water recirculation. Minimal energy expenditure is required to raise water a distance of less than 5 cm between the water level of water in the treatment region 30 and the growing region 20.
  • the recirculation of water may be provided by a single air pump which simultaneously powers an airlift pump 80 and provides oxygenation of water for aquaculture growth and aerobic bacteria growth.
  • a RAS 10 prevents changes of water temperature that may occur when pumping water out of the growing region into the treatment region and back.
  • the water temperature in the treatment region 30 and the growing region 20 remains constant because the growing region wall 22 allows for heat transfer between the treatment region 30 and the growing region 20, maintaining constant temperatures beneficial for aquaculture.
  • An additional advantage of the RAS 10 of the invention is modularity.
  • Each RAS 10 unit is self-contained and does not require other water treatment devices.
  • pathogens from one tank may flow to the central water treatment device and subsequently flow into other tanks, thereby contaminating other tanks.
  • Using a plurality of RAS units may be advantageous as pathogens from one RAS do not contact aquaculture from an alternate RAS and disease may be easily contained.
  • An aquaculture grower may choose to use one RAS and easily upscale aquaculture production by adding additional RAS, thereby easily scaling up production quantities.
  • the amount of material necessary to construct a RAS 10 according to the invention is less than the amount of material necessary to construct alternate aquaculture systems in which a growing region is a unit separate from a water treatment region.
  • the growing region wall 22 provides a single barrier which functions as a wall of both the growing region 20 and the treatment region 30, thereby requiring less material and cost for construction, and generating less solid waste upon disposal of the RAS 10.
  • each of the verbs, "comprise,” “include” and “have” and conjugates thereof, are used to indicate that the object or objects of the verb are not necessarily a complete listing of components, elements or parts of the subject or subjects of the verb.
  • a RAS 10 was built as in Fig. 2 using polypropylene having a thickness of about 1 cm.
  • the inner diameter of the growing region 20 is about 220 cm, the wall height from the inner floor is about 120 cm, and the water height is configured to be about 1 m.
  • An airlift pump 80 is configured to transfer water from the aerobic sub-region 70 to the growing sub- region 20 at about 0.5 m /hr.
  • the RAS 10 is configured to operate in an insulated structure under controlled temperature conditions.
  • grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) broodstock About 5 kg/m of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) broodstock are added to the growing region 20. Ammonia levels are maintained at less than 0.2 mg/1, preferably at less than 0.4 mg/1, and most preferably at less than 0.1 mg/1. Nitrate levels are maintained at less than 50 mg/1, preferably at less than 20 mg/1. Nitrite levels are maintained at less than 1 mg/1, preferably at less than 0.1 mg/1. Grey mullet is harvested from the growing region 20 upon reaching a biomass density of about 25 kg/m .

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un circuit d'eau partiellement fermé pour faire croître une population d'un organisme aquatique tout en maintenant les niveaux souhaités de paramètres liés à la qualité (QRPs) de ladite eau.
PCT/IL2018/050541 2017-05-18 2018-05-17 Procédé et système de maintien de la qualité de l'eau WO2018211513A1 (fr)

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IL25239017A IL252390A (en) 2017-05-18 2017-05-18 A method and system for maintaining water quality

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WO2019233540A1 (fr) 2018-06-06 2019-12-12 Assentoft Holding Pdn Aps Système de nettoyage et de recirculation pour systèmes d'aquaculture et procédé de nettoyage d'un milieu aqueux issu d'un système d'aquaculture
EP3761782A4 (fr) * 2018-03-06 2021-12-15 Searas AS Cage d'aquaculture comprenant une chambre principale et une chambre annulaire périphérique

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US20210386040A1 (en) * 2018-11-13 2021-12-16 Aline Hock Recirculating Culture System, Use of a Recirculating Culture System and Method for Operating a Recirculating Culture System

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JPH11225616A (ja) * 1998-02-12 1999-08-24 Kurio:Kk 魚介類飼育循環瀘過槽及び循環瀘過装置
US6443097B1 (en) 2001-03-16 2002-09-03 University Of Maryland Biotechnology Institute Recirculating marine aquaculture process
US20040256301A1 (en) * 2001-10-03 2004-12-23 Arve Gravdal Process and means for the treatment of water in an aquaculture system
US20050061737A1 (en) * 2002-02-07 2005-03-24 Bjorn Linden Integrated closed loop system for industrial water purification
WO2011136660A1 (fr) * 2010-04-30 2011-11-03 Hobas As Système de pisciculture pour organismes aquatiques

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11225616A (ja) * 1998-02-12 1999-08-24 Kurio:Kk 魚介類飼育循環瀘過槽及び循環瀘過装置
US6443097B1 (en) 2001-03-16 2002-09-03 University Of Maryland Biotechnology Institute Recirculating marine aquaculture process
US20040256301A1 (en) * 2001-10-03 2004-12-23 Arve Gravdal Process and means for the treatment of water in an aquaculture system
US20050061737A1 (en) * 2002-02-07 2005-03-24 Bjorn Linden Integrated closed loop system for industrial water purification
WO2011136660A1 (fr) * 2010-04-30 2011-11-03 Hobas As Système de pisciculture pour organismes aquatiques

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3761782A4 (fr) * 2018-03-06 2021-12-15 Searas AS Cage d'aquaculture comprenant une chambre principale et une chambre annulaire périphérique
WO2019233540A1 (fr) 2018-06-06 2019-12-12 Assentoft Holding Pdn Aps Système de nettoyage et de recirculation pour systèmes d'aquaculture et procédé de nettoyage d'un milieu aqueux issu d'un système d'aquaculture

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IL252390A (en) 2018-04-30

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