Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
  • B32B5/024—Woven fabric
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A41—WEARING APPAREL
  • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
  • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
  • A41D13/001—Garments protecting against insects
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
  • B32B25/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B25/042—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of natural rubber or synthetic rubber
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
  • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
  • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
  • B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
  • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
  • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
  • B32B5/026—Knitted fabric
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
  • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
  • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/05—Interconnection of layers the layers not being connected over the whole surface, e.g. discontinuous connection or patterned connection
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
  • B32B2250/02—2 layers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
  • B32B2250/04—4 layers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
  • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
  • B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
  • B32B2262/04—Cellulosic plastic fibres, e.g. rayon
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
  • B32B2307/582—Tearability
  • B32B2307/5825—Tear resistant
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/70—Other properties
  • B32B2307/72—Density
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/70—Other properties
  • B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/70—Other properties
  • B32B2307/764—Insect repellent
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2437/00—Clothing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2571/00—Protective equipment

Definitions

• the invention relates to a material that can be used in the manufacture of air-permeable anti-insect clothing, its elements or blankets, namely, material that protects a human or animal body from various insect bites or stitches and at the same time allows freely air circulation reducing the risk of body overheating.
• Anti-insect material is intended to protect the human body against bites or stitches of various insects such as mosquitos, gadflys, wasps, bees, hornets, midges, flys bites or stitches. Such material can protect human or animals not only from unpleasant or even painful insect bites, but also from inflammatory processes associated with them, or even from dangerous diseases that are transmitted by some insects.
• Anti-insect material may be treated with chemical substances that repel insects.
• chemical substances that repel insects.
• the chemical may release an unpleasant smell, also causing discomfort to a person or animal wearing appropriate protective clothing.
• the anti-insect material may be of a dense, mechanically durable, fabric or other material providing protection against insect bites and stings.
• a dense, mechanically durable, fabric or other material providing protection against insect bites and stings.
• Such a material generally contains two or more interconnected layers that either do not allow insect sting to reach human or animal skin because it is thicker than the length of the insect sting (as disclosed, for example, in WO 2011/063489, US3,783,451 or US4,716,594), or is so dense that it does not allow the insect to pierce it.
• known solutions either do not allow to provide good mechanical properties of the material (e.g., resistance to abrasion, flexibility) and acceptable production costs, or do not provide sufficient air circulation and sufficient level of comfort.
• a ventilated material protecting wearer against insect bites through the material (DE 10241024) containing at least two layers, where the outer layer does not allow an insect to reach human or animal skin, but the inner layer is thicker than insect's sting length is.
• the known material has very good air permeability, but it does not have sufficient mechanical strength required for clothing that is used, for example, in forestry, agriculture or construction.
• WO2012095533A1 discloses a material with special fringe that hampers insect attacks.
• this special filamentous projections coating must be relatively dense, reducing the air permeability of the material. In the result the exchange of the warm air of the body (especially in windless conditions) may be disturbed.
• breathable article of clothing that resists insect bites (US7, 140,048).
• the known material comprises four layers: outer and inner air- permeable fabrics such as cotton fabric and insect bites resisting two interlayers containing throughholes, in which throughholes of the two interlayers are laterally offset such that the holes are not situated opposite to each other and no direct path is provided through the throughholes between the two interlayers.
• the purpose of the invention is to eliminate the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide anti-insect material which, without increasing the thickness of the material, maintains good air permeability and mechanical properties and protects the skin of a human or an animal from various insect bites or stitches as well as from sunlight.
• the set goal is achieved by the proposed material containing two layers: the first and the second, which are formed from a material that cannot be bitten through or stung though by insect jaws or sting, wherein said first layer comprises interconnected (preferably in a chess-board order) convexo- concave surface segments (i.e., such surface elements which are convex on one side and concave on the other side) with spaces between them, and the second layer contains interconnected surface segments with spaces between them.
• the surface segments of the second layer may have a flat or convexo-concave shape.
• the convexo-concave surface segments of the first layer, with its convex sides, are outwardly directed.
• the surface segments of the second layer are also convexo-concave
• these surface segments with their curved sides are outwardly directed such that the first and second layer segments with their curved sides are oppositely directed.
• the surface segments in each layer are interconnected so as to allow air movement between them, while the surface segments of the second layer are arranged offset so as to cover the spaces between the surface segments of the first layer.
• the first and second layers are interconnected so as to allow the air to move between the layers while preventing the access of the insect body parts to the surface protected by said material.
• Said surface segments may be sphere segments, ellipsoid segments, cylinder segments, truncated cone segments, or polyhedron segments.
• the proposed anti-insect material may additionally comprise a third air permeable layer placed above the first or below the second layer.
• the proposed anti-insect material may also comprise a third air permeable layer placed above the first layer and a fourth air permeable layer placed below the second layer.
• said third and fourth air permeable layers are made of fabric with natural fibers.
• Fig. 1A shows a schematic view (enlarged) from the top of one embodiment of the proposed material; in Fig. IB and 1C the corresponding cross-sections of the proposed material are shown;
• Fig. 2A shows the view from the top (enlarged) of another embodiment of the proposed material
• Fig. 2B shows the schematic view of the material from the top, and in Fig. 2C - the cross-section.
• Fig. 3A shows another embodiment of the proposed material (enlarged);
• Fig. 3B shows the schematic view of the material from top, and in Fig. 3C - the cross-section.
• Fig. 4A shows another embodiment of the proposed material (view from the top, enlarged); Fig. 4B and Fig. 4C - the cross-sections respectively (Fig. 4B shows the possible dimensions of the material elements, however, other dimensions are possible); Fig. 4D shows a fragment of the same material in an isometric perspective; Fig. 4E - the respective cross-section.
• Fig. 5A shows another embodiment of the proposed material (schematic view from the top, enlarged); Fig. 5B and Fig. 5C - the cross-sections respectively; Fig. 5D shows top view of a fragment of the same material; Fig. 5E - the respective cross-section, showing one layer with reinforcement netting.
• Figures 1 - 4 show the proposed material containing two interconnected layers: the first and the second.
• the two layers are designed so that they cannot be bitten through or stung though by insect jaws or sting. This can be achieved by selecting material with sufficient density and mechanical strength.
• Such material may, for example, be latex, polytetrafluoroethylene, densely woven or knitted textiles, material having polyester and viscose fibers or other material.
• each layer comprises surface segments located in chess-board order with spaces between them.
• the surface segments of the first layer have substantially convexo-concave shape (Fig. 1-4).
• the surface segments of the second layer may have substantially planar shape (Fig. 1) or substantially convexo-concave shape ( Figures 2-4).
• the convexo-concave surface segments of the first layer, with its convex sides, are outwardly directed.
• surface segments of the first and second layer with their convex sides are outwardly directed in opposite directions (Fig. 2-4).
• said surface segments are of the same size, and the area of each space between surface segments of each layer, is less than the area of the surface segments, wherein the air gap between the surface segments of the first and the second layer at the narrowest place is not less than 0.1 mm.
• the surface segments may have different shapes, such as a sphere segment shape, an ellipsoid segment shape, a cylinder segment shape, a truncated cone segment shape, a polyhedron segment shape (with or without rounded edges).
• Reducing the curvature radius of the convexo-concave segments can increase the air gap and the air permeability of the material.
• the gap between the layers of the material and the holes in each of the layers may be greater than if protection required against small insects (such as midges, mite or mosquitos).
• Such a configuration of material layers provides free air circulation between the two sides of the material and at the same time prevents access of insect body parts to the surface protected by the material.
• Experiments have shown that such a configuration of the surface segments of the material layers and this disposition of the surface segments allows to provide more efficient air circulation compared to traditional flat layers with laterally offset holes of similar size (as disclosed in US 7,140,048).
• a sufficiently high air flow through the material reduces the risk of overheating of the body and improves comfort level, especially during hot weather.
• the proposed layers configuration at the same time provides better material flexibility and allows the creation of material with lower surface density and, consequently, less weight.
• the proposed material can be used for the production of anti-insect clothing, its parts and elements or blankets.
• Example 1 The material consists of two layers, where the surface segments of the first layer have a substantially convexo-concave shape, while the surface segments of the second layer have a flat shape (Fig. 1B-1C).
• the total thickness of the material is 0.75 mm.
• the shape of the surface segment which is made up of two radii (as shown in Fig. IB), improves air flow through the material as the cross- sectional area of the gap increases.
• the curvature of the top layer segments improves airflow (streamlining). As the central part of the lower layer's surface segments is flat, the material better fits to the body, cooling it if it contains fibers with good heat conductivity (such as cotton). The total thickness of the material also decreases.
• Example 2 The material consists of two layers made up of interconnected convexo-concave surface segments (Fig. 2).
• the thickness of each layer is 0.5 mm.
• the total thickness of the material is 1 mm.
• the layers are similar and the shape of the surface segments provides good air permeability and mechanical properties of the material.
• Example 3 The material consists of two layers, having a space between them (Fig. 3C) provided by links or "knots".
• the thickness of each layer is 0.4 mm, the width of the gap is 0.2 mm.
• the relatively large number of links provides a consistently low distance between the layers, which reduces tensile load and compression load within the layers.
• Example 4 The material consists of two layers made up of interconnected convexo-concave surface segments having a prism shape (Fig. 4). The edges of the layers' surface segments are twice as thick (0.5 mm) as the central parts of the segments (0.25 mm), making them tighter, less flexible. This will reduce the possibility of a significant change in the space between the segments of the two layers during the life of the material, thereby worsening air circulation.
• the bonding places of the layers are proportionally larger than in other examples, slightly improving the material's resistance to tearing.
• Example 5 To increase strength of the material, the segments of one or more layers may be reinforced with bands or threads that intersect in the centres of the segments (Fig. 5A-5E). In this case, the material becomes more resistant to shrinkage and stretching.
• the additional reinforcement may be provided (in particular, for elastic polymer joints) by providing reinforcing netting in one or more layers, such that they form a netting structure.
• the C-C cross-section of Fig. 5E shows one layer of the material according to this particular embodiment.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)

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Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 2017
  • 2017-05-18 LV LVP-17-33A patent/LV15371B/lv unknown
• 2018
  • 2018-04-20 WO PCT/IB2018/052778 patent/WO2018211343A1/en active Application Filing

Patent Citations (4)

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