WO2018209792A1 - 安全型注射器 - Google Patents

安全型注射器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018209792A1
WO2018209792A1 PCT/CN2017/093535 CN2017093535W WO2018209792A1 WO 2018209792 A1 WO2018209792 A1 WO 2018209792A1 CN 2017093535 W CN2017093535 W CN 2017093535W WO 2018209792 A1 WO2018209792 A1 WO 2018209792A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
core rod
circumferential
outer casing
cavity
positioning
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/093535
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张奕奕
张祖仁
徐维华
Original Assignee
上海博洽医疗器械有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 上海博洽医疗器械有限公司 filed Critical 上海博洽医疗器械有限公司
Publication of WO2018209792A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018209792A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/31—Details
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/31—Details
    • A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3202—Devices for protection of the needle before use, e.g. caps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/31—Details
    • A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3205—Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
    • A61M5/321—Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/31—Details
    • A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3205—Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
    • A61M5/321—Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
    • A61M5/322—Retractable needles, i.e. disconnected from and withdrawn into the syringe barrel by the piston
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/19—Constructional features of carpules, syringes or blisters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/27—General characteristics of the apparatus preventing use
    • A61M2205/273—General characteristics of the apparatus preventing use preventing reuse, e.g. of disposables

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to various safety type syringes, and more particularly to various safety type single-use sterile syringes, and more particularly to a safe single-use sterile syringe for various prefilled liquids.
  • Various medical injectors can be used to inject and output various liquids, as well as to pump various liquids. They can also be used to mix various liquids or mix various liquids with powders, and can also be used to pump in containers. Aspirating liquids, or mixing various liquids, or mixing liquids and powders, can also be used to rinse or clean objects.
  • various agents can be injected into the skin, muscles, blood vessels or other tissues and organs of the human or animal, and can also be sucked from the tissues and organs of the human body or animals. a liquid.
  • various chemicals can be sprayed onto the mucosa or other tissues and organs of the human or animal.
  • Conventional medical syringes are known to include a jacket and a core rod.
  • the jacket has sufficient transparency.
  • the jacket has a jacket cavity.
  • the outer casing cavities are respectively open at the front and rear ends of the outer casing.
  • the front end of the jacket cavity has a bottom.
  • the taper of the outer casing may be an outer conical joint or an outer conical locking joint.
  • the taper of the outer sleeve can be a middle head taper or a head type taper head.
  • There is a cone hole in the cone The cone hole and the jacket cavity are penetrated.
  • the rear end of the core rod has a handle and a seal at the front.
  • the first unsatisfactory result of conventional medical syringes is that after the disposable sterile syringe is used, the bacteria-containing injection needle is exposed, which is extremely likely to cause serious infection damage to the human body, and, due to the needle and the jacket of the syringe The taper head is tightly coupled, and the action of removing the needle from the needle and closing the needle to close the needle is the highest risk of causing a needlestick injury to the medical staff.
  • the World Health Organization (WHO) reported in 1999 that every 30 seconds, a medical staff member was injured by a contaminated needle.
  • the second unsatisfactory is that the disposable sterile syringe and the sheathed injection needle are placed separately in the package; in use, the syringe needs to be removed from the package and then sheathed.
  • the needle is taken out of the box, and then the needle is removed and the needle is mounted on the syringe; after use, the needle needs to be removed from the syringe, and then the sheath is sought to cover the needle, or directly
  • the sheath covers the injection needle mounted on the syringe to prevent the naked injection needle from injuring the human body; the whole operation process is troublesome and it is easy to cause damage to the user.
  • a third unsatisfactory is that repeated use of a single-use sterile syringe can be harmful to human health after a single-use sterile syringe is used.
  • the gas in the liquid-filled chamber of the injector generates a gas plug in the blood vessels of the human body, causing damage to the human body.
  • the third unsatisfactory thing is that after the above-mentioned safety type syringe is used, most of the core rods are extended from the outer sleeve, and the overall volume after use is large, which causes trouble for subsequent destruction processing.
  • the fourth unsatisfactory is that the safety needle has a clearance fit between the injection needle and the outer sleeve. When the injection needle of the safety syringe is inserted into the muscles and blood vessels of the human body, the needle tip of the injection needle is easily oscillated. Caused an operational error.
  • the known safety type syringe needs further improvement, so that the production cost of the safety type syringe is lower, the safety type syringe is safer and more convenient to use, and the safety type syringe is more easily destroyed after use.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a safety type syringe that realizes a convex locking circumferential projection at the rear of the outer casing cavity, the outer circumference of the core rod has a locking circumferential groove, and the locking circumference in the outer casing cavity
  • the locking circumferential projections which are elastically deformable over the core rod, are inserted into the locking circumferential grooves of the core rod.
  • the conical lip of the needle of the needle the needle can be separated from the cone of the jacket of the safety syringe, and the needle is placed in the collection box; the plunger can be pumped multiple times before a single injection
  • the use requirement once the intended one-time use process is completed, pinch the conical lip of the injection needle away from the needle, the injection needle can be detached from the cone of the jacket of the safety syringe, and the infected needle can be put into the collection.
  • the bacteria-injected needle can also be collected into the instrument cavity of the safety rod of the safety syringe, and then selectively activated to prevent the re-use function, and the safety syringe casing and the core rod are locked together or not locked together. To achieve the purpose of not touching the needle during the operation, so as to avoid the serious injury caused by the injection of bacteria, and avoid reuse.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a safety type injector that realizes a convex positioning cam on the rear of the outer casing cavity, and the outer circumference of the core rod has positioning axial projections and is arranged along the axial direction of the core rod. Multiple positioning circumferential grooves.
  • the core rod When the core rod is rotated such that the positioning circumferential projections in the outer casing cavity are elastically deformed beyond the positioning axial projections of the core rod into the selected positioning circumferential grooves of the core rod, the core rods constrained in the outer casing cavity
  • the chamber between the sealing ring and the bottom of the outer casing cavity forms a selected liquid filling capacity of the safety syringe; when the core rod is rotated, the positioning circumferential projection in the outer casing cavity is elastically deformed over the positioning circumferential concave of the core rod
  • the handle of the mandrel can move the sealing ring back and forth in the casing cavity; the liquid filling amount of the safety type syringe can be precisely locked.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide a safety type syringe, wherein when the tapered hole of the injection needle is inserted into the cone of the outer sleeve, the injection needle is fixed on the cone of the outer sleeve to penetrate the needle into the human body. Avoid the purpose of swinging the needle tip of the injection needle in the muscle or blood vessel, so as to avoid the operation error; after the safety syringe is used, it is only necessary to pinch the tapered lip of the injection needle away from the injection needle, and the injection needle can be detached.
  • the conical head of the jacket of the safety syringe can be used to put the bacteria injection needle into the collection box, or the bacteria injection needle can be collected into the appliance cavity of the safety rod of the safety syringe to avoid contact with the needle during the operation. Purpose, so as to avoid the bacteria injection needle hurting the human body.
  • a fourth object of the present invention is to provide a safety type syringe in which one side of the core rod has a laterally openable device chamber into which the injector device can be placed, and the handle of the core rod is notched on one side of the instrument chamber.
  • the injecting device is placed in the instrument cavity of the core rod; when the safety type syringe is used, the conical lip of the injecting device placed in the instrument chamber of the core rod is pinched at the hand-notch of the core rod, from The syringe is removed from the lateral opening of the instrument cavity; after the safety syringe is used, the syringe inserted in the cone of the outer casing is removed, and the syringe is disposed from the lateral opening of the instrument cavity into the core rod In the cavity of the appliance, most of the core rods are then pushed into the outer casing after the core rod is pushed to the bottom, so that the overall volume of the finally formed safety syringe is small, thereby facilitating subsequent destruction processing.
  • the safety syringe of the present invention includes a jacket and a core rod.
  • the jacket has sufficient transparency.
  • the jacket has a jacket cavity.
  • the outer casing cavities are respectively open at the front and rear ends of the outer casing.
  • the front end of the jacket cavity has a bottom.
  • the taper of the outer casing may be an outer conical joint or an outer conical locking joint, which may be a middle-headed cone or a partial-headed cone.
  • the cone hole and the jacket cavity are penetrated.
  • the rear end of the core rod has a handle and a seal at the front.
  • the sealing ring can be made integral with the core rod or can be made in a split type with the core rod. After the sealing ring of the core rod is inserted into the outer casing cavity from the rear end opening of the outer casing cavity, the handle of the mandrel can move the sealing ring back and forth in the outer casing cavity, and the outer wall of the sealing ring and the inner wall of the outer casing cavity form a safety. Sealed fit of the syringe.
  • An injection device such as an injection needle, a spray head or a cone cap can be inserted into the taper of the outer casing of the safety syringe of the present invention.
  • the rear end of the cone of the jacket has a conical bevel with a large angle of inclination.
  • the back of the syringe has a tapered lip and a tapered hole.
  • the tapered lip of the syringe is located at the rear of the tapered bore.
  • An axial groove may be distributed in the wall of the tapered lip of the injector.
  • the conical and conical bevel of the outer sleeve and the conical lip and tapered bore of the syringe form the interface of the injector.
  • the syringe When the tapered hole of the syringe is inserted over the taper of the outer casing, the syringe is fixed to the taper of the outer casing. When the tapered lip of the syringe is pinched, the tapered lip moves along the tapered bevel of the rear end of the cone of the outer sleeve, so that the tapered lip pushes the syringe forward to move the tapered hole of the syringe away from the outer cone head.
  • One side of the mandrel of the safety syringe of the present invention may have a laterally open instrument lumen.
  • An injection device such as an injection needle, a spray head or a cone cap can be placed in the instrument cavity.
  • the rear end of the instrument cavity has an intracavity circumferential groove.
  • the circumferential width at the lateral opening of the circumferential groove of the lumen of the instrument lumen is less than the diameter of the tapered lip of the syringe and the diameter of the circumferential groove in the lumen of the instrument lumen.
  • the handle of the core rod may have a notch on one side of the appliance cavity.
  • the tapered lip of the injecting device elastically deforms beyond the lateral opening of the circumferential groove in the cavity of the instrument cavity into the circumferential groove of the cavity of the instrument cavity, so that the injecting device
  • the tapered lip is constrained within the circumferential groove of the lumen of the instrument cavity to constrain the syringe within the lumen of the instrument.
  • an injection device such as an injection needle or a spray head is placed in the instrument chamber of the core rod.
  • the safety syringe When the safety syringe is used, pinch the conical lip of the injecting device placed in the instrument chamber of the mandrel at the notch of the mandrel, and take the injecting device from the lateral opening of the instrument chamber, and then The tapered hole of the syringe is inserted over the taper of the outer sleeve so that the syringe is fixed to the taper of the outer sleeve. After the safety syringe is used, the syringe device inserted over the cone of the outer casing is removed, and the syringe device is disposed from the lateral opening of the instrument cavity into the instrument cavity of the core rod.
  • the safety syringe of the present invention has a resilient hook at the rear of the outer casing cavity.
  • the elastic hook has a convex circumferential lug.
  • the axial side of the circumferential projection has a convex axially constrained slope.
  • the circumferential sides of the circumferential projections respectively have a convex circumferentially constrained slope.
  • the outer circumference of the core rod may have a circumferential groove.
  • the axial side of the circumferential groove has a groove axially constraining the slope.
  • the circumferential circumferential sides of the circumferential groove respectively have a groove circumferentially constraining slope.
  • the circumferential side of the circumferential groove has axial projections.
  • the circumferential side of the axial projection has The bumps circumferentially constrain the slope.
  • the axial sides of the positioning circumferential protrusion respectively have a convex axially constraining inclined surface.
  • the circumferential circumferential sides of the positioning circumferential protrusion respectively have a convex circumferentially constrained inclined surface.
  • a plurality of positioning circumferential grooves are arranged along the axial direction of the core rod.
  • Each of the axially opposite sides of each of the positioning circumferential grooves has a groove axially constraining slope.
  • Each of the circumferential sides of each of the positioning circumferential grooves has a groove circumferentially constraining slope.
  • the circumferential side of the positioning circumferential groove has a positioning axial projection.
  • the circumferential side of the positioning axial projection has a convex circumferential constraint slope.
  • the positioning circumferential projection in the outer casing cavity is elastically deformed, and the groove of the positioning circumferential groove of the core rod is moved over the circumferentially constraining inclined surface of the core rod to remove the positioning circumferential groove of the core rod, and the positioning of the axial rod of the core rod is convex.
  • the circumferentially constrained bevel prevents the positioning circumferential projections in the outer casing cavity from entering the positioning circumferential groove of the core rod, and the manipulation of the mandrel allows the sealing ring to move back and forth within the outer casing cavity.
  • the axially opposite sides of the positioning circumferential projections in the outer cavity of the outer sleeve may respectively have small dip angle projections to axially constrain the inclined surface.
  • the two grooves of the selected positioning circumferential groove of the core rod axially constrain the inclined surface and the outer casing cavity respectively
  • the two convex axially constraining inclined surfaces of the positioning circumferential projections are mutually restrained, hindering the sealing ring of the core rod from moving back and forth in the outer casing cavity, and the sealing ring of the core rod and the outer casing cavity which are restrained in the outer casing cavity
  • a selected fill volume of the safety syringe is formed between the bottom of the seal.
  • the small angled lug of the positioning circumferential projection in the outer casing cavity axially constrains the inclined surface to elastically deform over the groove of the selected positioning circumferential groove of the core rod, axially constrains the inclined surface into another positioning circumferential groove
  • the two groove axially constraining slopes of the other positioning circumferential groove of the core rod respectively constrain the two axially constraining slopes of the positioning circumferential projections in the outer casing cavity, hindering the sealing of the core rod
  • the ring moves back and forth within the outer casing cavity, and the chamber between the sealing ring of the core rod constrained within the outer casing cavity and the bottom of the outer casing cavity forms the altered liquid filling capacity of the safety syringe.
  • the axially opposite sides of the positioning circumferential groove of the core rod may respectively have a small inclination groove axially constraining the inclined surface.
  • the two grooves of the selected positioning circumferential groove of the core rod axially constrain the inclined surface and the outer casing cavity respectively
  • the two convex axially constraining inclined surfaces of the positioning circumferential projections are mutually restrained, hindering the sealing ring of the core rod from moving back and forth in the outer casing cavity, and the sealing ring of the core rod and the outer casing cavity which are restrained in the outer casing cavity
  • a selected fill volume of the safety syringe is formed between the bottom of the seal.
  • the core rod After pushing the core rod such that the positioning circumferential projections in the outer casing cavity are elastically deformed beyond the small inclined groove of the selected positioning circumferential groove of the core rod to axially constrain the inclined surface into the other positioning circumferential groove, the core rod Another two groove axially constraining slopes for positioning the circumferential groove respectively constrain the two axially constraining slopes of the positioning circumferential projections in the outer casing cavity, hindering the sealing ring of the core rod in the outer casing cavity Moving, the chamber between the seal of the mandrel constrained within the outer casing cavity and the bottom of the outer casing cavity forms the altered fill capacity of the safety syringe.
  • the locking circumferential projection has a convex axially constraining slope.
  • the circumferential sides of the locking circumferential protrusion respectively have a convex circumferentially constrained inclined surface.
  • the axial direction of the locking circumferential groove has a groove axially constraining the inclined surface.
  • the circumferential sides of the locking circumferential groove respectively have a groove circumferentially constraining slope.
  • the circumferential side of the locking circumferential groove has a locking axial projection.
  • the groove shaft of the core rod locking the circumferential groove
  • the two axially constrained inclined slopes of the locking circumferential groove of the core rod are respectively restrained from the axially constraining inclined surface of the locking circumferential groove and the locking circumferential convexity in the outer casing cavity respectively
  • the two lug circumferentially constraining ramps of the circumferential projections are constrained to each other such that the core rod is locked to the outer casing cavity.
  • the locking circumferential projection has a convex axially constraining slope.
  • the circumferential sides of the locking circumferential protrusion respectively have a convex circumferentially constrained inclined surface.
  • the axial direction of the locking circumferential groove has a groove axially constraining the inclined surface.
  • the circumferential sides of the locking circumferential groove respectively have a groove circumferentially constraining slope.
  • the axial side of the locking circumferential groove has a locking circumferential projection.
  • the groove shaft of the core rod locking the circumferential groove
  • the two axially constrained inclined slopes of the locking circumferential groove of the core rod are respectively restrained from the axially constraining inclined surface of the locking circumferential groove and the locking circumferential convexity in the outer casing cavity respectively
  • the two lug circumferentially constraining ramps of the circumferential projections are constrained to each other such that the core rod is locked to the outer casing cavity.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view showing the safety syringe of the first embodiment of the present invention before use;
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view showing the safety syringe of Figure 1 when it is to be removed or has been placed into the needle;
  • Figure 3 is a rear elevational view of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a front elevational view showing the safety syringe of Figure 1 when in use;
  • Figure 5 is a rear elevational view showing the safety syringe of Figure 1 in a self-locking state
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 6-6 of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a sectional view taken along line 7-7 of Figure 5;
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view showing a core of the safety syringe of Figure 1;
  • Figure 9 is an external view showing the back surface of Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view showing the outer casing of the safety type syringe of Figure 1;
  • Figure 11 is an external view showing an injection needle of the safety syringe of Figure 1;
  • Figure 12 is a front elevational view showing the injection needle of Figure 11 placed in the core of Figure 8;
  • Figure 13 is a rear elevational view showing another core rod
  • Figure 14 is a front elevational view showing the safety syringe of the first embodiment in which the spray head is disposed, before use;
  • Figure 15 is a front elevational view showing the safety syringe of Figure 14 with the spray head installed;
  • Figure 16 is a perspective view showing the spray head of Figure 15;
  • Figure 17 is a front elevational view showing the spray head of Figure 16 placed in the core of Figure 8;
  • Figure 18 is a perspective view showing a state in which a safety type syringe according to a second embodiment of the present invention has been injected;
  • Figure 19 is a perspective view showing the safety syringe of Figure 18 when it is ready to be used;
  • Figure 20 is a plan view showing the safety syringe of Figure 18;
  • Figure 21 is a sectional view taken along line 21-21 of Figure 20;
  • Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 22-22 of Figure 20;
  • Figure 23 is a front elevational view showing the safety syringe of Figure 18 after use;
  • Figure 24 is a front elevational view showing the injection needle of the safety syringe of Figure 18 placed in the mandrel;
  • Figure 25 is a perspective view showing the safety type syringe of Figure 18 in a self-locking state
  • Figure 26 is a perspective view showing the back surface of Figure 25;
  • Figure 27 is an external view showing an end seal cap of the safety type syringe of Figure 18;
  • Figure 28 is an external view showing a core rod of the safety type syringe of Figure 18;
  • Figure 29 is a perspective view showing the back surface of Figure 28;
  • Figure 30 is an external view showing the outer casing of the safety syringe of Figure 18;
  • Figure 31 is a perspective view showing the back surface of Figure 30;
  • Figure 32 is a front elevational view showing the safety type syringe of the safety type syringe mounting spray head of the second embodiment
  • Figure 33 is a perspective view showing a state in which a safety type syringe according to a third embodiment of the present invention has been injected;
  • Figure 34 is a perspective view showing the first alternative operation of the safety type syringe of Figure 33 when it is to be used;
  • Figure 35 is a plan view showing the safety syringe of Figure 33;
  • Figure 36 is a sectional view taken along line 36-36 of Figure 35;
  • Figure 37 is a sectional view taken along line 37-37 of Figure 35;
  • Figure 38 is a perspective view showing the safety type syringe of Figure 34 in a self-locking state after use;
  • Figure 39 is a perspective view showing a second alternative operation process of the safety type syringe of Figure 33 when it is to be used;
  • Figure 40 is a front elevational view showing the safety syringe of Figure 39 inserted into the mandrel after use;
  • Figure 41 is a perspective view showing the safety type syringe of Figure 39 in a self-locking state after use;
  • Figure 42 is a front elevational view showing the core of the safety syringe of Figure 33;
  • Figure 43 is a front elevational view showing the injection needle inserted into the core of Figure 42;
  • Figure 44 is a perspective view showing the outer casing of the safety type syringe of Figure 33;
  • Fig. 45 is a perspective view showing the back surface of Fig. 44;
  • the terms “near” and “rear” refer to the position near the safe injector operator, while the terms “far” and “front” refer to the position away from the safe injector operator.
  • the term “axial” is based on the long axis direction of the jacket of the safety syringe, and the term “circumferential” is the circumference of the radial section of the jacket of the safety syringe. The direction is the benchmark. Terms of other positions and orientations can be understood from the drawings and the following description.
  • the safety syringe 1 includes a jacket 2 and a core rod 3.
  • the outer casing 2 (see Figs. 1, 5, 6, and 10) has a jacket cavity 4.
  • the outer casing cavity 4 is at the rear end opening 5 of the outer casing 2.
  • the front end of the outer casing cavity 4 has a bottom portion 6.
  • the cone head 7 has a cone hole 8 therein.
  • the taper hole 8 and the outer casing cavity 4 penetrate to form a front end opening of the outer casing 2.
  • At the rear of the outer casing 2 there is a jacket bead 9.
  • the rear end of the core rod 3 (see Figs. 8, 9, and 12) has a handle 11 and a seal ring 12 at the front.
  • the sealing ring 12 of the core rod 3 is inserted into the outer casing cavity 4 from the rear end opening 5 of the outer casing cavity 4, the pressing of the handle 11 of the mandrel 2 causes the sealing ring 12 to move back and forth within the outer casing cavity 4, and the sealing ring 12
  • the outer wall 13 and the inner wall 14 of the outer casing cavity 4 form a sealing fit for the safety syringe 1.
  • An injection needle 15 can be inserted into the cone 7 of the outer sleeve 2 (see Fig. 4).
  • the rear end of the cone 7 of the outer casing 2 has a conical inclined surface 16 of a large inclination (see Figs. 1 to 3).
  • the rear portion of the injection needle 15 has a tapered lip 17 and a tapered hole 18 (see Fig. 11).
  • the tapered lip 17 of the injection needle 15 is located at the rear of the tapered bore 18.
  • An axial groove 19 is distributed in the wall of the conical lip 17 of the injection needle 15.
  • the recess 19 on the tapered lip 17 of the injection needle 15 both increases the friction of the tapered lip 17 and facilitates the flattening of the tapered lip 17.
  • the injection needle 15 When the tapered hole 18 of the injection needle 15 is inserted into the conical head 7 of the outer casing 2, the injection needle 15 is fixed to the conical head 7 of the outer casing 2 (see Fig. 4).
  • the tapered lip 17 of the injection needle 15 When the tapered lip 17 of the injection needle 15 is pinched, the tapered lip 17 moves along the conical bevel 16 at the rear end of the conical head 7, so that the conical lip 17 pushes the injection needle 15 forward, so that the injection needle 15
  • the tapered bore 18 is disengaged from the taper 7 of the outer sleeve 2.
  • One side of the core rod 3 has a laterally open instrument chamber 20.
  • An injection needle 15 can be placed in the instrument chamber 20 (see Fig. 12).
  • the rear end of the instrument chamber 20 has an intracavity circumferential groove 21 (see Fig. 8).
  • the circumferential width at the lateral opening of the intracavity circumferential groove 21 of the instrument chamber 20 is smaller than the diameter of the tapered lip 17 of the injection needle 15 and the diameter of the intraluminal circumferential groove 21 of the instrument chamber 20.
  • the handle 11 of the core rod 3 has a notch 22 on the side of the injection needle 15 (see Fig. 8).
  • the tapered lip 17 of the injection needle 15 is elastically deformed beyond the lateral opening of the inner circumferential groove 21 of the instrument chamber 20 into the chamber of the instrument chamber 20. Within the inner circumferential groove 21, the tapered lip 17 of the injection needle 15 is constrained within the intraluminal circumferential groove 21 of the instrument lumen 20, constraining the injection needle 15 within the instrument lumen 20 (see Figure 12).
  • the injection needle 15 is placed into the instrument chamber 20 of the core rod 3 (see Fig. 1).
  • the conical lip 17 of the injection needle 15 see Fig.
  • the rear portion of the outer casing cavity 4 has a resilient hook 45.
  • the resilient hook 45 has an internally convex locking circumferential projection 23 (see Figures 5 and 6).
  • the axial direction of the locking circumferential projection 23 in the outer casing cavity 4 has a large angled projection axially constraining inclined surface 24, and the circumferentially opposite sides of the locking circumferential projection 23 respectively have large inclined angled circumferentially constrained inclined surfaces. 25 and 26 (see Figure 6, Figure 7 and Figure 10).
  • the outer periphery of the core rod 3 has a locking circumferential groove 27 (see Figs. 3 and 9).
  • a large angled groove axially constraining ramp 28 is provided in the axial direction of the locking circumferential groove 27.
  • the circumferential sides of the locking circumferential groove 27 have large inclined groove circumferentially constraining slopes 29 and 30, respectively.
  • the circumferential side of the locking circumferential groove 27 has a locking axial projection 31.
  • the sides of the locking axial projection 31 have small inclination angles
  • the bump circumferentially constraining ramp 32 and the large dip bump circumferentially constraining ramp 33 are small inclination angles.
  • the large angled projection circumferentially constraining slope 33 of the locking axial projection 31 of the core rod 3 prevents the circumferential projection 23 in the outer casing cavity 4 from deviating from the locking axial projection 31. (See Figure 3).
  • the injection needle 15 inserted into the cone 7 of the outer casing 2 is removed, and the injection needle 15 is placed in the instrument chamber 20 of the core rod 7, at which time the core rod 3 is rotated.
  • the locking circumferential projection 23 in the outer casing cavity 4 is elastically deformed over the small inclined lug circumferentially constraining inclined surface 32 of the locking axial projection 31 of the core rod 3, after entering the locking circumferential groove 27 of the core rod 3
  • the large angled groove axially constraining bevel 28 of the locking circumferential groove 27 of the core rod 3 and the large angled cam axially constraining inclined surface 24 of the locking circumferential projection 23 in the outer casing cavity 4 are mutually constrained, the core rod 3
  • the core rod 3 in the safety syringe 1 can also be replaced with a core rod 34 (see Fig. 13).
  • the outer circumference of the core rod 34 has a locking circumferential groove 35 (see Fig. 13).
  • a large angled groove axially constraining ramp 36 is provided in the axial direction of the locking circumferential groove 35.
  • the circumferential sides of the locking circumferential groove 35 have large angled groove circumferentially constraining slopes 37 and 38.
  • the axial side surface of the locking circumferential groove 35 has a locking circumferential projection 39.
  • the side of the locking circumferential projection 39 has a small angled projection axially constraining ramp 40.
  • the small angled projection of the locking circumferential projection 39 of the core rod 34 axially constrains the locking of the inclined surface 40 into the core rod 34.
  • the large angled groove of the locking circumferential groove 35 of the core rod 34 axially constrains the inclined surface 36 and the large angled projection of the locking circumferential projection 23 in the outer casing cavity 4 to axially constrain the inclined surface 24 Constrained
  • the two large angled groove circumferentially constraining slopes 37 and 38 of the locking circumferential groove 35 of the core rod 34 are circumferentially constrained with the two large angled projections of the locking circumferential projection 23 in the outer casing cavity 4, respectively.
  • the ramps 25 and 26 are mutually constrained; at the same time, the sound produced by the locking circumferential projections 23 in the outer casing cavity 4 being elastically deformed indicates that the core rod 34 has been locked in the outer casing cavity 4.
  • the injection needle 15 in the safety syringe 1 can also be replaced with a spray head 41.
  • the rear portion of the spray head 41 has a tapered lip 42 and a tapered bore 43 (see Fig. 16).
  • the tapered lip 42 of the spray head 41 is located at the rear of the tapered bore 43.
  • An axial groove 44 is distributed in the wall of the tapered lip 42 of the spray head 41.
  • the spray head 41 When the spray head 41 is attached to the safety syringe 1, the spray head 41 placed in the instrument chamber 20 of the core rod 3 can be taken out, and the tapered hole 43 of the spray head 41 can be inserted into the taper 7 of the outer casing 2.
  • the spray head 41 is fixed to the taper 7 of the outer casing 2 (see Fig. 15).
  • the spray head 41 is again placed in the instrument chamber 20 of the core rod 3 (see Fig. 17).
  • the safety syringe 50 includes a jacket 51 and a core rod 52.
  • the outer casing 51 (see Figs. 21, 25, 30 and 31) has a jacket cavity 53.
  • the outer casing cavity 53 has an opening 54 at the rear end of the outer casing 51.
  • the front end of the jacket cavity 53 has a bottom 55.
  • a tapered head 56 is provided at the front end of the sealing bottom 55 of the outer casing cavity 53.
  • the cone head 56 has a cone hole 57 therein.
  • the taper hole 57 penetrates the outer casing cavity 53.
  • At the rear of the outer casing 51 there is a jacket bead 58.
  • the rear end of the core rod 52 (see Figs. 28 and 29) has a handle 60 and a seal 61 at the front.
  • the sealing ring 61 of the core rod 52 is from the rear end opening 54 of the outer casing cavity 53
  • the handle 60 of the mandrel 51 can move the seal ring 61 back and forth within the outer casing cavity 53, and the outer wall 62 of the seal ring 61 and the inner wall 63 of the outer casing cavity 53 are formed. Sealed fit of the safety syringe 50.
  • the rear portion of the outer casing cavity 53 has elastic hooks 48 and 49 (see Figs. 30 and 31).
  • the resilient hook 48 has an internally convex locking circumferential projection 71 (see Fig. 30).
  • the elastic hook 49 has an inwardly convex positioning circumferential projection 81 (see Fig. 31).
  • the rear end of the cone 56 of the outer casing 51 has a conical bevel 64 of a large angle of inclination (see Figs. 21 and 24 to 26).
  • the rear portion of the cone cap 65 has a tapered lip 66 and a tapered bore 67 (see Figures 21 and 27).
  • the tapered lip 66 of the cone cap 65 is located at the rear of the tapered bore 67.
  • the tapered lip 66 of the cone cap 65 When the tapered lip 66 of the cone cap 65 is pinched, the tapered lip 66 moves along the conical ramp 64 at the rear end of the cone 56, and the tapered lip 66 urges the cone cap 65 forward to cause the cone cap
  • the tapered hole 67 of the 65 is separated from the taper 56 of the outer casing 51.
  • One side of the core rod 52 has a laterally open instrument chamber 68.
  • An injection needle 15 can be placed in the instrument chamber 68.
  • the rear end of the appliance cavity 68 has an intracavity circumferential groove 69.
  • the circumferential width at the lateral opening of the intracavity circumferential groove 69 of the instrument lumen 68 is less than the diameter of the tapered lip 17 of the injection needle 15 and the diameter of the intraluminal circumferential groove 69 of the instrument lumen 68.
  • the handle 60 of the core rod 52 has a notch 70 on the side of the injection needle 15.
  • the tapered lip 17 of the injection needle 15 is elastically deformed past the lateral opening of the inner circumferential groove 69 of the instrument chamber 68 into the appliance.
  • the intracavity circumferential groove 69 of the lumen 68 is such that the tapered lip 17 of the injection needle 15 is constrained within the intraluminal circumferential groove 69 of the instrument lumen 68, constraining the injection needle 15 within the instrument lumen 68.
  • the needle 15 Prior to use of the safety syringe 50 (see Figure 18), the needle 15 is placed into the instrument chamber 68 of the mandrel 52. When the safety type syringe 50 is used (see FIG.
  • the tapered lip 17 of the injection needle 15 placed in the instrument chamber 68 of the core rod 52 is pinched at the notch 70 of the handlebar 60 of the core rod 52,
  • the injection needle 15 is taken out from the lateral opening of the instrument chamber 68, and the tapered hole 20 of the injection needle 15 is inserted into the conical head 56 of the outer casing 51 so that the injection needle 15 is fixed to the conical head 56 of the outer casing 51.
  • the safety syringe 50 is used (see Fig. 24)
  • the injection needle 15 inserted into the cone 56 of the outer casing 51 is removed, and the injection needle 15 is disposed from the lateral opening of the instrument chamber 68 into the core rod 52.
  • the device cavity 68 is inside.
  • the axial direction of the locking circumferential projection 71 in the outer casing cavity 53 has a large angled projection axially constraining slope 72.
  • the circumferential sides of the locking circumferential projection 71 have large inclination cam circumferentially constraining slopes 73 and 74, respectively.
  • the outer circumference of the core rod 52 has a locking circumferential groove 75 (see Fig. 29).
  • the axial direction of the locking circumferential groove 75 has a large angled groove axially constraining slope 76.
  • the circumferential sides of the locking circumferential groove 75 have large inclined groove circumferentially constraining inclined faces 77 and 78, respectively.
  • the circumferential side of the locking circumferential groove 75 has a locking axial projection 79.
  • the side of the locking axial projection 79 has a small angled lug circumferentially constraining ramp 80.
  • the large angle groove of the locking circumferential groove 75 of the core rod 52 axially constrains the inclined surface 76 and the large angled projection axially inclined slope 72 of the locking circumferential projection 71 in the outer casing cavity 53. Constrained, the two large angled groove circumferentially constraining slopes 77 and 78 of the locking circumferential groove 75 of the core rod 52 are circumferentially constrained with the two large angled projections of the locking circumferential projection 71 in the outer casing cavity 53, respectively.
  • the inclined faces 73 and 74 are mutually constrained; at the same time, the sound emitted by the locking circumferential projection 71 in the outer casing cavity 53 when elastically deformed, the core rod 52 and the note placed in the instrument cavity 68 of the core rod 52 The needle 15 has been locked in the outer casing 51 (see Figs. 25 and 26).
  • the axially opposite sides of the positioning circumferential projection 81 in the outer casing cavity 53 have convex axially constraining inclined surfaces 82 and 83, respectively.
  • the circumferential circumferential sides of the positioning circumferential projection 81 have projection circumferentially constraining slopes 84 and 85, respectively.
  • the outer circumference of the core rod 52 (see Fig. 28) has a positioning circumferential groove 86.
  • a plurality of positioning circumferential grooves 86 are arranged in the axial direction of the core rod 52.
  • Each of the axially opposite sides of each of the positioning circumferential grooves 86 has a groove axially constraining slopes 87 and 88, respectively.
  • each of the positioning circumferential grooves 86 respectively have groove circumferentially constraining slopes 89 and 90.
  • the circumferential side of the positioning circumferential groove 86 has a positioning axial projection 91.
  • the circumferential side of the positioning axial projection 91 has a lug circumferentially constraining slope 92.
  • the two projection circumferentially constraining ramps 84 and 85 of the projection 81 are mutually constrained to prevent the core rod 52 from rotating within the outer casing cavity 53.
  • the two recessed axial directions of the selected positioning circumferential groove 93 of the core rod 52 The constraining ramps 94 and 95 respectively constrain the two cam axially constraining ramps 82 and 83 of the positioning circumferential lug 81 in the outer casing cavity 53 to prevent the seal ring 61 of the mandrel 52 from moving back and forth within the outer casing cavity 53.
  • the chamber between the front end of the sealing ring 61 of the core rod 52 constrained within the outer casing cavity 53 and the sealing bottom 55 of the outer casing cavity 53 forms a selected liquid filling capacity of the medical injector 50.
  • the positioning circumferential projection 81 in the outer casing cavity 53 is elastically deformed beyond the groove circumferentially constraining inclined surface 96 of the positioning circumferential groove 93 of the core rod 52, and the positioning circumferential groove 93 of the core rod 52 is removed (FIG. 19).
  • Handing the handle 60 of the mandrel 52 causes the seal ring 61 to move back and forth within the outer casing cavity 53.
  • the audible sound when the positioning circumferential projection 81 in the outer casing cavity 53 is elastically deformed indicates that the operational state of the safety syringe 50 has been changed.
  • the injection needle 15 in the safety syringe 50 can also be replaced with a spray head 41 (see Fig. 32).
  • the safety syringe 100 includes a jacket 101 and a core rod 102.
  • Jacket 101 (see Figures 36, 44 and 45) has a jacket cavity 103.
  • the outer casing cavity 103 is at the rear end opening 104 of the outer casing 101.
  • the front end of the outer casing cavity 103 has a bottom portion 105.
  • a tapered head 106 is provided at the front end of the sealing bottom 105 of the outer casing cavity 103.
  • the rear end of the cone 106 has a conical ramp 107 of a large angle of inclination (see Figures 36, 40 and 41).
  • the cone head 106 has a cone bore 108 therein.
  • the taper hole 108 penetrates the outer casing cavity 103.
  • At the rear of the outer casing 101 are jacket curls 109 and 110.
  • the rear portion of the outer casing cavity 103 has elastic hooks 98 and 99.
  • the resilient hook 98 has an internally convex locking circumferential projection 112 (see Figure 44).
  • the resilient hook 99 has a convexly located circumferential projection 116 (see Figure 45).
  • the axial direction of the locking circumferential projection 112 in the outer casing cavity 103 has a large angled projection axially constraining inclined surface 113, and the circumferentially opposite sides have large inclined angle circumferentially constraining inclined surfaces 114 and 115, respectively.
  • the axially opposite sides of the positioning circumferential projections 116 in the outer casing cavity 103 have small angled axially constrained inclined surfaces 117 and 118, respectively, and the circumferential circumferentially constrained inclined surfaces
  • the rear end of the core rod 102 (see Fig. 42) has a handle 121 and a seal ring 122 at the front.
  • the sealing ring 122 of the core rod 102 is inserted into the outer casing cavity 103 from the rear end opening 104 of the outer casing cavity 103 (see FIG. 39)
  • the pressing of the hand 121 of the mandrel 101 allows the sealing ring 122 to be in the outer casing cavity 103.
  • the outer wall 123 of the sealing ring 122 and the outer casing cavity 103 The inner wall 124 forms a sealed fit of the safety syringe 100.
  • One side of the mandrel 102 (see Fig. 42) has a laterally open instrument cavity 125.
  • An injection needle 15 can be placed in the instrument chamber 125.
  • the rear end of the appliance cavity 125 has an intracavity circumferential groove 126.
  • the circumferential width at the lateral opening of the intracavity circumferential groove 126 of the instrument lumen 125 is less than the diameter of the tapered lip 17 of the injection needle 15 and the diameter of the intraluminal circumferential groove 126 of the instrument lumen 125.
  • the handle 121 of the core rod 102 has a notch 127 on the side of the injection needle 15.
  • the tapered lip 17 of the injection needle 15 is elastically deformed over the lateral opening of the inner circumferential groove 126 of the instrument chamber 125 into the appliance.
  • the intraluminal circumferential groove 126 of the lumen 125 is such that the tapered lip 17 of the needle 15 is constrained within the intraluminal circumferential groove 126 of the instrument lumen 125 to constrain the needle 15 within the instrument lumen 125.
  • the tapered lip 66 of the tapered cap 65 is first slid so that the tapered hole 67 of the cone cap 65 is disengaged from the cone 106 of the outer casing 101, and then The notch 127 of the mandrel 102 of the mandrel 102 grips the tapered lip 17 of the injection needle 15 placed in the instrument chamber 125 of the mandrel 102, and the needle 15 is taken out from the lateral opening of the instrument chamber 125, and then The tapered hole 20 of the injection needle 15 is inserted into the conical head 106 of the outer casing 101 such that the injection needle 15 is fixed to the conical head 106 of the outer casing 101. After the safety syringe 100 is used (see Fig.
  • the tapered lip 17 of the injection needle 15 is pinched, the injection needle 15 inserted in the cone 106 of the outer casing 101 is removed, and the injection needle 15 is removed from the needle 15
  • the lateral opening of the appliance cavity 125 is disposed within the instrument cavity 125 of the core rod 102.
  • the outer circumference of the core rod 102 has a locking circumferential groove 128 (see Fig. 34 and Figs. 36 to 39).
  • the axial direction of the locking circumferential groove 128 has a large inclined groove axially constraining inclined surface 129
  • the circumferential side has large inclined groove circumferentially constraining inclined faces 130 and 131
  • the axial side has a locking axial projection 132 and locking Circumferential bump 133.
  • the side of the locking axial projection 132 has a small angled lug circumferentially constraining ramp 134.
  • the side of the locking circumferential projection 133 has a small angled projection axially constraining slope 135.
  • the outer circumference of the core rod 102 has a positioning circumferential groove 136 (see Figs.
  • a plurality of positioning circumferential grooves 136 are arranged in the axial direction of the core rod 102.
  • the axially opposite sides of each of the positioning circumferential grooves 136 respectively have small inclined groove axially constraining inclined faces 137 and 138, and circumferentially opposite sides respectively have groove circumferentially constraining inclined faces 139 and 140, and the circumferential side has positioning axially extending inclined blocks 141 .
  • the circumferential side of the positioning axial projection 141 has a lug circumferentially constraining slope 142.
  • the mandrel 102 is rotated such that the positioning circumferential projection 116 in the outer casing cavity 103 is elastically deformed over the positioning of the core rod 102.
  • the circumferential circumferential constraint 142 of the axial projection 141 enters the core rod. After the selected positioning circumferential groove 143 of 102 is inward (see FIGS.
  • the two groove circumferentially constraining slopes 144 and 145 of the selected positioning circumferential groove 143 of the core rod 102 are respectively associated with
  • the two lug circumferentially constraining ramps 119 and 120 of the positioning circumferential projection 116 in the outer casing cavity 103 are constrained to each other, preventing the core rod 102 from rotating within the outer casing cavity 103, the selected positioning circumferential groove of the core rod 102.
  • the two small angled groove axially constraining ramps 146 and 147 of 143 respectively constrain the two small angled lug axially constraining ramps 117 and 118 of the positioning circumferential lug 116 in the outer casing cavity 103, obstructing the mandrel 102.
  • the sealing ring 122 moves back and forth in the outer casing cavity 103, and the chamber between the front end of the sealing ring 122 of the core rod 102 and the sealing bottom 105 of the outer casing cavity 103, which is restrained in the outer casing cavity 103, forms the medical injector 100. Selected fill capacity.
  • the first alternative operation after the safety syringe 100 draws liquid is (see Figures 34-38): when the mandrel 102 is pushed to cause a small inclination of the positioning circumferential projection 116 within the outer casing cavity 103.
  • Block axially constrained slope The other locating circumferential groove of the mandrel 102 after the 117 or 118 is elastically deformed past the small angled groove of the selected locating circumferential groove 143 of the mandrel 102 to axially constrain the slanted surface 146 or 147 into the other locating circumferential groove 136
  • the two small angled groove axially constraining ramps 137 and 138 of 136 are respectively constrained from the two small angled lug axially constraining ramps 117 and 118 of the positioning circumferential lug 116 in the outer casing cavity 103, obstructing the mandrel 102.
  • the sealing ring 122 moves back and forth within the outer casing cavity 103, and the chamber between the sealing ring 122 of the core rod 102 and the sealing bottom 105 of the outer casing cavity 103, which is restrained in the outer casing cavity 103, forms the safety syringe 100.
  • the changed liquid filling capacity When the push rod 102 is pushed to elastically deform the locking circumferential projection 112 in the outer casing cavity 103, the small angled projection of the locking circumferential projection 134 of the core rod 102 axially constrains the locking of the inclined surface 135 into the core rod 102.
  • the large angled groove of the locking circumferential groove 128 of the core rod 102 axially constrains the inclined surface 129 and the large angled projection of the locking circumferential projection 112 in the outer casing cavity 103 to axially constrain the inclined surface 113.
  • the two large angled groove circumferentially constraining slopes 130 and 131 of the locking circumferential groove 134 of the core rod 102 are circumferentially constrained with the two large angled projections of the locking circumferential projection 112 in the outer casing cavity 103, respectively.
  • the inclined faces 114 and 115 are mutually restrained, the outer casing 101 of the safety syringe 100 and the core rod 102 are locked together, and then the tapered lip 17 of the injection needle 15 away from the needle is pinched, and the injection needle 15 can be detached from the safety type syringe 100.
  • the cone 106 of the outer casing 101 is then placed in the collection box.
  • a second alternative operation after the safety syringe 100 draws liquid is (see Figures 39-41): when the mandrel 102 is rotated such that the positioning circumferential projection 116 in the outer casing cavity 103 is elastically deformed over the core rod
  • the groove circumferentially constraining ramp 144 of the selected positioning circumferential groove 143 of 102 is removed from the selected positioning circumferential groove 143 of the core rod 102 (Figs. 36 and 39)
  • the positioning axial projection 141 of the core rod 102 The bump circumferentially constraining ramp 142 blocks the positioning circumferential projection 116 in the outer casing cavity 103 from entering the positioning circumferential groove 136 of the core rod 102.
  • the handle 121 of the mandrel 102 can cause the sealing ring 122 to be in the outer casing cavity 103. Move inside and outside. After the safety syringe 100 is used, the tapered lip 17 of the injection needle 15 away from the needle is pinched, the injection needle 15 can be disengaged from the cone 106 of the outer casing 101 of the safety syringe 100, and the injection needle 15 can be placed in the core. Inside the instrument cavity 125 of the rod 102 (see FIG. 40), the sealing ring 122 of the core rod 102 is first pushed to the sealing bottom 105 of the outer casing cavity 103, and the core rod 102 is rotated to lock the inside of the outer casing cavity 103.
  • the circumferentially convex block 112 elastically deforms over the small angled lug of the locking axial projection 132 of the core rod 102.
  • the circumferentially constraining inclined surface 133 enters the locking circumferential groove 128 of the core rod 102, and the locking circumferential groove 128 of the core rod 102
  • the large dip groove axially constraining ramp 129 is constrained from the large dip cam axially constraining ramp 113 of the locking circumferential lug 112 in the outer casing cavity 103, and the two large locking lug grooves 128 of the mandrel 102 are
  • the pitch groove circumferentially constraining ramps 130 and 131 respectively constrain the two large angled lug circumferentially constraining ramps 114 and 115 of the locking circumferential lug 112 within the outer casing cavity 103, placing the core rod 102 and being placed
  • the injection needle 15 in the instrument chamber 125 of the core rod 102 is locked together in the outer casing 101 (see Fig. 39).
  • the sound generated when the positioning circumferential projection 116 or the locking circumferential projection 112 in the outer casing cavity 103 is elastically deformed indicates that the operating state of the safety syringe 100 has been changed.
  • the safety syringe of the present invention can achieve the following technical effects:
  • the safety type injector of the invention realizes a convex locking circumferential projection at the rear of the outer casing cavity, and the outer circumference of the core rod has a locking circumferential groove, and the locking circumferential projection in the outer casing cavity can be elastically deformed over The locking circumferential projection of the core rod enters the locking circumferential groove of the core rod, and the sound sounding when the locking circumferential projection in the outer casing cavity is elastically deformed, the core rod and the instrument cavity inserted into the core rod The needle has been locked in the jacket.
  • the use of the shot requires that the intended one-time use process be automatically activated to prevent the re-use function, lock the jacket and the core rod of the safety syringe together, and then pinch the tapered lip of the injection needle away from the needle, the injection needle
  • the cone of the outer casing of the safety syringe can be removed, and the needle for injection can be placed in the collection box; for the requirement that the core rod can be pumped multiple times before a single injection, the intended one-time use process is completed.
  • the injection needle can be separated from the cone of the jacket of the safety syringe, and the infected needle can be placed in the collection box, or the infected needle can be safely collected.
  • the inner cavity of the plunger of the syringe is selectively activated manually to prevent the re-use function, and the jacket and the core of the safety syringe are locked together or not locked together; the purpose of the needle is not touched during the operation. Therefore, it can avoid the serious injury caused by the injection of bacteria, and can avoid being reused.
  • the safety type injector of the present invention realizes a convex positioning circumferential projection at the rear of the outer casing cavity, and the outer circumference of the core rod has positioning axial projections and a plurality of positioning circumferential grooves arranged along the axial direction of the core rod.
  • the core rod When the core rod is rotated such that the positioning circumferential projections in the outer casing cavity are elastically deformed beyond the positioning axial projections of the core rod into the selected positioning circumferential grooves of the core rod, the core rods constrained in the outer casing cavity
  • the chamber between the front end of the sealing ring and the bottom of the outer casing cavity forms a selected liquid filling capacity of the safety syringe; when the core rod is rotated, the positioning circumferential projections in the outer casing cavity are elastically deformed over the core rod
  • the handle of the mandrel can move the sealing ring back and forth in the casing cavity; the amount of pre-filled liquid of the safety syringe can be accurately locked.
  • the positioning circumferential projections within the outer casing cavity are audibly deformed to indicate that the operational state of the safety syringe has been altered.
  • the safety syringe of the present invention achieves an interface between the cone and conical bevel of the outer sleeve and the conical lip and tapered bore of the syringe.
  • the injection needle is fixed on the cone of the outer sleeve, so as to avoid the purpose of swinging the needle tip of the injection needle when the injection needle is inserted into the muscle or blood vessel of the human body. Therefore, the operation error can be avoided; after the safety syringe is used, it is only necessary to pinch the tapered lip of the injection needle away from the injection needle, and the injection needle can be separated from the cone of the jacket of the safety syringe, and the needle can be placed. Put it into the collection box, you can also put the bacteria injection needle into the appliance cavity of the safety syringe's core rod to avoid the contact with the needle during the operation, so as to avoid the bacteria injection needle hurting the human body.
  • one side of the core rod has a laterally openable instrument chamber into which the injection needle can be placed, and the handle of the core rod has a notch on one side of the instrument chamber.
  • the conical lip of the appliance, the syringe is removed from the lateral opening of the instrument cavity; after the safety syringe is used, the syringe is inserted over the cone of the outer casing, and then the syringe is removed from the instrument cavity
  • the lateral opening is disposed in the instrument cavity of the core rod, and then most of the core rods are pushed into the outer casing after the core rod is pushed to the bottom, thereby achieving the purpose of the overall volume of the finally formed safety syringe, thereby facilitating subsequent destruction processing.

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Abstract

一种安全型注射器（1），实现安全型注射器（1）使用后，对于单次抽吸和注射的使用要求，预期的一次性使用过程一经完成，自动启动防止重复使用功能，将安全型注射器的外套（2）和芯杆（3）锁在一起，然后捏扁远离针头的注射针（15）的锥形唇边（17）取下带菌的注射针（15）放入收集箱内；对于芯杆（3）可以进行多次抽吸的使用要求，预期的一次性使用过程一经完成，捏扁远离针头的注射针（15）的锥形唇边（17）取下注射针（15），既可以将带菌的注射针（15）放入收集箱内，也可以将带菌的注射针（15）收入芯杆（3）的器具腔（20）内，然后选择性地人工启动防止重复使用功能，将外套（2）和芯杆（3）锁在一起或不锁在一起；达到操作过程中不会接触到针头的目的，从而既可以避免带菌的注射针（15）对人体造成严重的伤害，又可以避免被重复使用。

Description

安全型注射器 技术领域
本发明涉及到各种安全型注射器，特别涉及到各种安全型一次性使用无菌注射器，也特别涉及到各种预充药液的安全型一次性使用无菌注射器。
背景技术
各种医用注射器可以用于注入和输出各种液体，也可以用于抽吸各种液体，还可以用于将各种液体混合或将各种液体与粉末混合，还可以用于在容器内抽吸液体、或混合各种液体、或混合液体与粉末，还可以用于冲洗或清洗物体。各种医用注射器的锥头上插上注射针后，可以将各种药剂注射到人体或动物的皮下、肌肉、血管或其他的组织器官内，还可以从人体或动物的组织器官内抽吸各种液体。各种医用注射器的锥头上插上喷雾头后，可以将各种药剂喷散到人体或动物的黏膜或其他的组织器官上。
公知的常规医用注射器包括外套和芯杆。外套有足够的透明度。外套有外套空腔。外套空腔分别在外套的前后端开口。外套空腔的前端有封底部。在外套空腔的封底部的前端有锥头。外套的锥头可以为外圆锥接头，也可以为外圆锥锁定接头。外套的锥头可以为中头式的锥头，也可以为偏头式的锥头。锥头内有锥头孔。锥头孔与外套空腔贯通。在外套的后部有外套卷边。在外套的外表面上有容量标尺。芯杆的后端有按手，前部有密封圈。芯杆的密封圈从外套空腔后端开口处插入外套空腔内后，操纵芯杆的按手可使密封圈在外套空腔内前后移动，密封圈的外壁与外套空腔的内壁形成医用注射器的密封配合。
常规的医用注射器的第一种令人不满意处是，一次性使用无菌注射器使用后，带菌的注射针裸露在外，极易对人体造成严重的感染伤害，并且，由于针头与注射器的外套的锥头接合较紧，双手卸去针头和回套护套封闭针头的动作是造成医护人员发生针刺伤的最高危动作。世界卫生组织WHO在1999年报道，每30秒便有一名医护人员被污染针头扎伤。第二种令人不满意处是，一次性使用无菌注射器和带有护套的注射针在包装盒内分开放置；在使用时需要先将注射器从包装盒中取出，再将带有护套的注射针从包装盒中取出，然后移去护套后将注射针安装在注射器上；在使用后，需要将注射针从注射器上取下，再寻找护套将注射针套住，或直接用护套将安装在注射器上的注射针套住，以防裸露的注射针伤害人体；整个操作过程比较麻烦，也极易对使用人员造成伤害。第三种令人不满意处是，一次性使用无菌注射器被使用后，重复使用一次性使用无菌注射器会危害人体的健康。
美国专利US20120296277A1、US20150174339A1、US20150314079A1、US20160008554A1和US20160271340A1中介绍的各种安全型注射器，在使用后，采用各种方法将带菌的注射针收入注射器的外套空腔内，避免带菌的注射针对人体造成严重的伤害。上述各种安全型注射器的第一种令人不满意处是，上述安全型注射器的零件比常规注射器的零件更多更复杂，安全型注射器的整体体积更大，装配也更困难，因此生产成本要高得多。第二种令人不满意处是，上述安全型注射器的充液腔室内有多个零件，充液时难以完全排除安全型注 射器的充液腔室内的气体，会在人体的血管内产生气栓，对人体造成伤害。第三种令人不满意处是，上述安全型注射器使用后，大部分芯杆伸出外套，形成使用后的整体体积较大，对后续销毁处理带来麻烦。第四种令人不满意处是，上述安全型注射器的注射针与外套之间为间隙配合，将安全型注射器的注射针刺入人体的肌肉和血管内时，注射针的针尖容易发生摆动，造成操作失误。
由上述显然可以看出，公知的安全型注射器还需作进一步的改进，使得安全型注射器的生产成本更低，安全型注射器使用时更安全方便，安全型注射器使用后更易销毁处理。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于提出一种安全型注射器，实现外套空腔的后部有内凸的锁紧周向凸块，芯杆的外周有锁紧周向凹槽，外套空腔内的锁紧周向凸块可以弹性变形越过芯杆的锁紧周向凸块进入芯杆的锁紧周向凹槽内。安全型注射器使用后，对于单次抽吸和注射的使用要求，预期的一次性使用过程一经完成，自动启动防止重复使用功能，将安全型注射器的外套和芯杆锁在一起，然后捏扁远离针头的注射针的锥形唇边，注射针即可脱离安全型注射器的外套的锥头，再将带菌的注射针放入收集箱内；对于在单次注射前芯杆可以进行多次抽吸的使用要求，预期的一次性使用过程一经完成，捏扁远离针头的注射针的锥形唇边，注射针即可脱离安全型注射器的外套的锥头，既可以将带菌的注射针放入收集箱内，也可以将带菌的注射针收入安全型注射器的芯杆的器具腔内，然后选择性地人工启动防止重复使用功能，将安全型注射器的外套和芯杆锁在一起或不锁在一起；达到操作过程中不会接触到针头的目的，从而既可以避免带菌的注射针对人体造成严重的伤害，又可以避免被重复使用。
本发明的第二目的在于提出一种安全型注射器，实现外套空腔的后部有内凸的定位周向凸块，芯杆的外周有定位轴向凸块和沿芯杆的轴向排列分布的多个定位周向凹槽。当转动芯杆使得外套空腔内的定位周向凸块弹性变形越过芯杆的定位轴向凸块进入芯杆的被选定的定位周向凹槽内后，被约束在外套空腔内的芯杆的密封圈与外套空腔的封底部之间的腔室形成安全型注射器的选定的充液容量；当转动芯杆使得外套空腔内的定位周向凸块弹性变形越过芯杆的定位周向凹槽移出芯杆的定位周向凹槽后，操纵芯杆的按手可使密封圈在外套空腔内前后移动；达到安全型注射器的充液量可以精确锁定的目的。
本发明的第三目的在于提出一种安全型注射器，实现在注射针的锥形孔插在外套的锥头上时，注射针被固定在外套的锥头上，达到将注射针刺入人体的肌肉或血管内时避免注射针的针尖发生摆动的目的，从而避免造成操作失误；实现在安全型注射器使用后，仅需捏扁远离注射针头的注射针的锥形唇边，注射针即可脱离安全型注射器的外套的锥头，既可以将带菌的注射针放入收集箱内，也可以将带菌的注射针收入安全型注射器的芯杆的器具腔内，达到操作过程中避免接触到针头的目的，从而避免带菌的注射针伤害人体。
本发明的第四目的在于提出一种安全型注射器，实现芯杆的一侧有侧向开口的可置入注射器具的器具腔，芯杆的按手在位于器具腔的一侧有缺口。在安全型注射器被使用前， 注射器具被置入芯杆的器具腔内；在安全型注射器被使用时，在芯杆的按手的缺口处捏住被置入芯杆的器具腔内的注射器具的锥形唇边，从器具腔的侧向开口处取出注射器具；在安全型注射器被使用后，将插在外套的锥头上的注射器具取下后，再将注射器具从器具腔的侧向开口处置入芯杆的器具腔内，然后将芯杆推到底后大部分芯杆进入外套内，达到最终形成的安全型注射器的整体体积较小的目的，从而对后续销毁处理带来便利。
本发明的目的是通过下述技术方案实现的：
本发明的安全型注射器包括外套和芯杆。外套有足够的透明度。外套有外套空腔。外套空腔分别在外套的前后端开口。外套空腔的前端有封底部。在外套空腔的封底部的前端有锥头。外套的锥头可以为外圆锥接头，也可以为外圆锥锁定接头，可以为中头式的锥头，也可以为偏头式的锥头。锥头内有锥头孔。锥头孔与外套空腔贯通。在外套的后部有外套卷边。在外套的外表面上有容量标尺。芯杆的后端有按手，前部有密封圈。密封圈可以与芯杆制成整体式，也可以与芯杆制成分体式。芯杆的密封圈从外套空腔后端开口处插入外套空腔内后，操纵芯杆的按手可使密封圈在外套空腔内前后移动，密封圈的外壁与外套空腔的内壁形成安全型注射器的密封配合。
本发明的安全型注射器的外套的锥头上可插上注射针、喷雾头或锥头帽等注射器具。外套的锥头的后端有较大倾角的圆锥斜面。注射器具的后部有锥形唇边和锥形孔。注射器具的锥形唇边位于锥形孔的后部。注射器具的锥形唇边的壁上可以分布有轴向的凹槽。外套的锥头和圆锥斜面与注射器具的锥形唇边和锥形孔组成注射器具的接口。当注射器具的锥形孔插在外套的锥头上时，注射器具被固定在外套的锥头上。当捏扁注射器具的锥形唇边时，锥形唇边沿外套的锥头的后端的圆锥斜面移动，从而锥形唇边推动注射器具向前移动，使得注射器具的锥形孔脱离外套的锥头。
本发明的安全型注射器的芯杆的一侧可以有侧向开口的器具腔。器具腔内可置入注射针、喷雾头或锥头帽等注射器具。器具腔的后端有腔内周向凹槽。器具腔的腔内周向凹槽的侧向开口处的周向宽度小于注射器具的锥形唇边的直径和器具腔的腔内周向凹槽的直径。芯杆的按手在位于器具腔的一侧可以有缺口。当注射器具被置入芯杆的器具腔内时，注射器具的锥形唇边弹性变形越过器具腔的腔内周向凹槽的侧向开口处，进入器具腔的腔内周向凹槽内，使得注射器具的锥形唇边被约束在器具腔的腔内周向凹槽内，将注射器具约束在器具腔内。安全型注射器被使用前，注射针或喷雾头等注射器具被置入芯杆的器具腔内。安全型注射器被使用时，在芯杆的按手的缺口处捏住被置入芯杆的器具腔内的注射器具的锥形唇边，从器具腔的侧向开口处取出注射器具，再将注射器具的锥形孔插在外套的锥头上，使得注射器具被固定在外套的锥头上。安全型注射器被使用后，将插在外套的锥头上的注射器具取下，再将注射器具从器具腔的侧向开口处置入芯杆的器具腔内。
本发明的安全型注射器的外套空腔的后部有弹性钩。弹性钩上有内凸的周向凸块。周向凸块的轴向侧面有凸块轴向约束斜面。周向凸块的周向两侧分别有凸块周向约束斜面。芯杆的外周可以有周向凹槽。周向凹槽的轴向侧面有凹槽轴向约束斜面。周向凹槽的周向两侧分别有凹槽周向约束斜面。周向凹槽的周向侧面有轴向凸块。轴向凸块的周向侧面有 凸块周向约束斜面。
外套空腔内的周向凸块中可以有定位周向凸块。定位周向凸块的轴向两侧分别有凸块轴向约束斜面。定位周向凸块的周向两侧分别有凸块周向约束斜面。芯杆的周向凹槽中可以有定位周向凹槽。多个定位周向凹槽沿芯杆的轴向排列分布。各个定位周向凹槽的轴向两侧分别有凹槽轴向约束斜面。各个定位周向凹槽的周向两侧分别有凹槽周向约束斜面。定位周向凹槽的周向侧面有定位轴向凸块。定位轴向凸块的周向侧面有凸块周向约束斜面。当转动芯杆使得外套空腔内的定位周向凸块弹性变形越过芯杆的定位轴向凸块的凸块周向约束斜面进入芯杆的被选定的定位周向凹槽内后，芯杆的该选定的定位周向凹槽的两个凹槽周向约束斜面分别与外套空腔内的定位周向凸块的两个凸块周向约束斜面相互约束，阻碍芯杆在外套空腔内转动，芯杆的该选定的定位周向凹槽的两个凹槽轴向约束斜面分别与外套空腔内的定位周向凸块的两个凸块轴向约束斜面相互约束，阻碍芯杆的密封圈在外套空腔内前后移动，被约束在外套空腔内的芯杆的密封圈与外套空腔的封底部之间的腔室形成安全型注射器的选定的充液容量。当转动芯杆使得外套空腔内的定位周向凸块弹性变形越过芯杆的定位周向凹槽的凹槽周向约束斜面移出芯杆的定位周向凹槽后，芯杆的定位轴向凸块的凸块周向约束斜面阻碍外套空腔内的定位周向凸块进入芯杆的定位周向凹槽内，操纵芯杆的按手可使密封圈在外套空腔内前后移动。
外套空腔内的定位周向凸块的轴向两侧可以分别有小倾角凸块轴向约束斜面。当外套空腔内的定位周向凸块位于芯杆的被选定的定位周向凹槽内时，芯杆的被选定的定位周向凹槽的两个凹槽轴向约束斜面分别与外套空腔内的定位周向凸块的两个凸块轴向约束斜面相互约束，阻碍芯杆的密封圈在外套空腔内前后移动，被约束在外套空腔内的芯杆的密封圈与外套空腔的封底部之间形成安全型注射器的选定的充液容量。当推动芯杆使得外套空腔内的定位周向凸块的小倾角凸块轴向约束斜面弹性变形越过芯杆的被选定的定位周向凹槽的凹槽轴向约束斜面进入另一个定位周向凹槽内后，芯杆的该另一个定位周向凹槽的两个凹槽轴向约束斜面分别与外套空腔内的定位周向凸块的两个凸块轴向约束斜面相互约束，阻碍芯杆的密封圈在外套空腔内前后移动，被约束在外套空腔内的芯杆的密封圈与外套空腔的封底部之间的腔室形成安全型注射器的被改变后的充液容量。
芯杆的定位周向凹槽的轴向两侧可以分别有小倾角凹槽轴向约束斜面。当外套空腔内的定位周向凸块位于芯杆的被选定的定位周向凹槽内时，芯杆的被选定的定位周向凹槽的两个凹槽轴向约束斜面分别与外套空腔内的定位周向凸块的两个凸块轴向约束斜面相互约束，阻碍芯杆的密封圈在外套空腔内前后移动，被约束在外套空腔内的芯杆的密封圈与外套空腔的封底部之间形成安全型注射器的选定的充液容量。当推动芯杆使得外套空腔内的定位周向凸块弹性变形越过芯杆的被选定的定位周向凹槽的小倾角凹槽轴向约束斜面进入另一个定位周向凹槽内后，芯杆的该另一个定位周向凹槽的两个凹槽轴向约束斜面分别与外套空腔内的定位周向凸块的两个凸块轴向约束斜面相互约束，阻碍芯杆的密封圈在外套空腔内前后移动，被约束在外套空腔内的芯杆的密封圈与外套空腔的封底部之间的腔室形成安全型注射器的被改变后的充液容量。
外套空腔内的周向凸块中可以有锁紧周向凸块。锁紧周向凸块有凸块轴向约束斜面。锁紧周向凸块的周向两侧分别有凸块周向约束斜面。芯杆的周向凹槽中可以有锁紧周向凹槽。锁紧周向凹槽的轴向有凹槽轴向约束斜面。锁紧周向凹槽的周向两侧分别有凹槽周向约束斜面。锁紧周向凹槽的周向侧面有锁紧轴向凸块。当转动芯杆使得外套空腔内的锁紧周向凸块弹性变形越过芯杆的锁紧轴向凸块进入芯杆的锁紧周向凹槽内后，芯杆的锁紧周向凹槽的凹槽轴向约束斜面与外套空腔内的锁紧周向凸块的凸块轴向约束斜面相互约束，芯杆的锁紧周向凹槽的两个凹槽周向约束斜面分别与外套空腔内的锁紧周向凸块的两个凸块周向约束斜面相互约束，使得芯杆被锁在外套空腔上。
外套空腔内的周向凸块中可以有锁紧周向凸块。锁紧周向凸块有凸块轴向约束斜面。锁紧周向凸块的周向两侧分别有凸块周向约束斜面。芯杆的周向凹槽中可以有锁紧周向凹槽。锁紧周向凹槽的轴向有凹槽轴向约束斜面。锁紧周向凹槽的周向两侧分别有凹槽周向约束斜面。锁紧周向凹槽的轴向侧面有锁紧周向凸块。当推动芯杆使得外套空腔内的锁紧周向凸块弹性变形越过芯杆的锁紧周向凸块进入芯杆的锁紧周向凹槽内后，芯杆的锁紧周向凹槽的凹槽轴向约束斜面与外套空腔内的锁紧周向凸块的凸块轴向约束斜面相互约束，芯杆的锁紧周向凹槽的两个凹槽周向约束斜面分别与外套空腔内的锁紧周向凸块的两个凸块周向约束斜面相互约束，使得芯杆被锁在外套空腔上。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明第一实施例的安全型注射器在使用前的前视图；
图2是表示图1的安全型注射器在待取出或已置入注射针时的前视图；
图3是表示图2的后视图；
图4是表示图1的安全型注射器在待使用时的前视图；
图5是表示图1的安全型注射器处于自锁状态时的后视图；
图6是表示图5的6-6剖视图；
图7是表示图5的7-7剖视图；
图8是表示图1的安全型注射器的芯杆的外观图；
图9是表示图8的背面的外观图；
图10是表示图1的安全型注射器的外套的外观图；
图11是表示图1的安全型注射器的注射针的外观图；
图12是表示图11的注射针置入图8的芯杆内的前视图；
图13是表示另一种芯杆的后视图；
图14是表示配置喷雾头的第一实施例的安全型注射器在使用前的前视图；
图15是表示图14的安全型注射器在已安装喷雾头时的前视图；
图16是表示图15的喷雾头的外观图；
图17是表示图16的喷雾头置入图8的芯杆内的前视图；
图18是表示本发明第二实施例的安全型注射器在已注入药液状态的外观图；
图19是表示图18的安全型注射器在待使用时的外观图；
图20是表示图18的安全型注射器的俯视图；
图21是表示图20的21-21剖视图；
图22是表示图20的22-22剖视图；
图23是表示图18的安全型注射器在使用后的前视图；
图24是表示图18的安全型注射器的注射针置入芯杆内的前视图；
图25是表示图18的安全型注射器处于自锁状态时的外观图；
图26是表示图25的背面的外观图；
图27是表示图18的安全型注射器的端部密封帽的外观图；
图28是表示图18的安全型注射器的芯杆的外观图；
图29是表示图28的背面的外观图；
图30是表示图18的安全型注射器的外套的外观图；
图31是表示图30的背面的外观图；
图32是表示第二实施例的安全型注射器安装喷雾头的安全型注射器的前视图；
图33是表示本发明第三实施例的安全型注射器在已注入药液状态的外观图；
图34是表示图33的安全型注射器的第一种可选择的操作过程在待使用时的外观图；
图35是表示图33的安全型注射器的俯视图；
图36是表示图35的36-36剖视图；
图37是表示图35的37-37剖视图；
图38是表示图34的安全型注射器在使用后处于自锁状态时的外观图；
图39是表示图33的安全型注射器的第二种可选择的操作过程在待使用时的外观图；
图40是表示图39的安全型注射器在使用后注射针置入芯杆内的前视图；
图41是表示图39的安全型注射器在使用后处于自锁状态时的外观图；
图42是表示图33的安全型注射器的芯杆的前视图；
图43是表示注射针置入图42的芯杆内的前视图；
图44是表示图33的安全型注射器的外套的外观图；
图45是表示图44的背面的外观图。
具体实施方式
下面用举例方式，结合附图陈述本发明的安全型注射器的最佳实施例。本发明的范围将在权利要求中指出。应当认识到某些或全部附图都是为了说明本发明的最佳实施例的说明简图，而并未描绘出所示部分的真实尺寸。参考最佳实施例的详细叙述，将会更加清楚地理解达到本发明上述的和其它的目的和优点的实际方式。
在附图和下面的描述中，术语“近”和“后”是指靠近安全型注射器操作者的位置，而术语“远”和“前”是指远离安全型注射器操作者的位置。术语“轴向”是以安全型注射器的外套的长轴方向为基准，术语“周向”是以安全型注射器的外套的径向截面的周线 方向为基准。其他位置和方向的术语可根据附图和下面的描述来理解。
图1至图12是表示本发明第一实施例的安全型注射器1。安全型注射器1包括外套2和芯杆3。外套2(见图1、图5、图6和图10)有外套空腔4。外套空腔4在外套2的后端开口5。外套空腔4的前端有封底部6。在外套空腔4的封底部6的前端有锥头7。锥头7内有锥头孔8。锥头孔8与外套空腔4贯通形成外套2的前端开口。在外套2的后部有外套卷边9。在外套2的外表面上有容量标尺10。芯杆3(见图8、图9和图12)的后端有按手11，前部有密封圈12。芯杆3的密封圈12从外套空腔4后端开口5处插入外套空腔4内后，操纵芯杆2的按手11可使密封圈12在外套空腔4内前后移动，密封圈12的外壁13与外套空腔4的内壁14形成安全型注射器1的密封配合。
外套2的锥头7上可插上注射针15(见图4)。外套2的锥头7的后端有较大倾角的圆锥斜面16(见图1至图3)。注射针15的后部有锥形唇边17和锥形孔18(见图11)。注射针15的锥形唇边17位于锥形孔18的后部。注射针15的锥形唇边17的壁上分布有轴向的凹槽19。注射针15的锥形唇边17上的凹槽19既可增加锥形唇边17的磨擦力，又可便于捏扁锥形唇边17。当注射针15的锥形孔18插在外套2的锥头7上时，注射针15被固定在外套2的锥头7上(见图4)。当捏扁注射针15的锥形唇边17时，锥形唇边17沿锥头7的后端的圆锥斜面16移动，从而锥形唇边17推动注射针15向前移动，使得注射针15的锥形孔18脱离外套2的锥头7。
芯杆3的一侧有侧向开口的器具腔20。器具腔20内可置入注射针15(见图12)。器具腔20的后端有腔内周向凹槽21(见图8)。器具腔20的腔内周向凹槽21的侧向开口处的周向宽度小于注射针15的锥形唇边17的直径和器具腔20的腔内周向凹槽21的直径。芯杆3的按手11在位于注射针15的一侧有缺口22(见图8)。当注射针15被置入芯杆3的器具腔20内时，注射针15的锥形唇边17弹性变形越过器具腔20的腔内周向凹槽21的侧向开口处，进入器具腔20的腔内周向凹槽21内，使得注射针15的锥形唇边17被约束在器具腔20的腔内周向凹槽21内，将注射针15约束在器具腔20内(见图12)。在安全型注射器1被使用前，注射针15被置入芯杆3的器具腔20内(见图1)。在安全型注射器1被使用时，在芯杆3的按手11的缺口22处捏住被置入芯杆3的器具腔20内的注射针15的锥形唇边17(见图2)，从器具腔20的侧向开口处取出注射针15，再将注射针15的锥形孔18插在外套2的锥头7上，使得注射针15被固定在外套2的锥头7上(见图4)。在安全型注射器1被使用后，将插在外套2的锥头7上的注射针15取下后，再将注射针15从器具腔20的侧向开口处置入芯杆3的器具腔20内(见图2)。
外套空腔4的后部有弹性钩45。弹性钩45上有内凸的锁紧周向凸块23(见图5和图6)。外套空腔4内的锁紧周向凸块23的轴向有大倾角凸块轴向约束斜面24，锁紧周向凸块23的周向两侧的分别有大倾角凸块周向约束斜面25和26(见图6，图7和图10)。芯杆3的外周有锁紧周向凹槽27(见图3和图9)。锁紧周向凹槽27的轴向有大倾角凹槽轴向约束斜面28。锁紧周向凹槽27的周向两侧分别有大倾角凹槽周向约束斜面29和30。锁紧周向凹槽27的周向侧面有锁紧轴向凸块31。锁紧轴向凸块31的侧面分别有小倾角 凸块周向约束斜面32和大倾角凸块周向约束斜面33。在安全型注射器1被使用前，芯杆3的锁紧轴向凸块31的大倾角凸块周向约束斜面33防止外套空腔4内的周向凸块23偏离锁紧轴向凸块31(见图3)。在安全型注射器1被使用后，将插在外套2的锥头7上的注射针15取下后，将注射针15置入芯杆7的器具腔20内，此时，转动芯杆3使得外套空腔4内的锁紧周向凸块23弹性变形越过芯杆3的锁紧轴向凸块31的小倾角凸块周向约束斜面32，进入芯杆3的锁紧周向凹槽27内后，芯杆3的锁紧周向凹槽27的大倾角凹槽轴向约束斜面28与外套空腔4内的锁紧周向凸块23的大倾角凸块轴向约束斜面24相互约束，芯杆3的锁紧周向凹槽27的两个大倾角凹槽周向约束斜面29和30分别与外套空腔4内的锁紧周向凸块23的两个大倾角凸块周向约束斜面25和26相互约束；同时，外套空腔4内的锁紧周向凸块23弹性变形时发出的声音提示，芯杆3和被置入芯杆3的器具腔20内的注射针15已被锁在外套4内(见图5至图7)。
安全型注射器1中的芯杆3也可以更换成芯杆34(见图13)。芯杆34的外周有锁紧周向凹槽35(见图13)。锁紧周向凹槽35的轴向有大倾角凹槽轴向约束斜面36。锁紧周向凹槽35的周向两侧有大倾角凹槽周向约束斜面37和38。锁紧周向凹槽35的轴向侧面有锁紧周向凸块39。锁紧周向凸块39的侧面有小倾角凸块轴向约束斜面40。当推动芯杆34使得外套空腔4内的锁紧周向凸块23弹性变形越过芯杆34的锁紧周向凸块39的小倾角凸块轴向约束斜面40进入芯杆34的锁紧周向凹槽35内后，芯杆34的锁紧周向凹槽35的大倾角凹槽轴向约束斜面36与外套空腔4内的锁紧周向凸块23的大倾角凸块轴向约束斜面24相互约束，芯杆34的锁紧周向凹槽35的两个大倾角凹槽周向约束斜面37和38分别与外套空腔4内的锁紧周向凸块23的两个大倾角凸块周向约束斜面25和26相互约束；同时，外套空腔4内的锁紧周向凸块23弹性变形时发出的声音提示，芯杆34已被锁在外套空腔4内。
安全型注射器1中的注射针15也可以更换成喷雾头41。喷雾头41的后部有锥形唇边42和锥形孔43(见图16)。喷雾头41的锥形唇边42位于锥形孔43的后部。喷雾头41的锥形唇边42的壁上分布有轴向的凹槽44。在安全型注射器1被使用前，喷雾头41被置入芯杆3的器具腔20内(见图14)。在安全型注射器1上安装喷雾头41时，可将被置入芯杆3的器具腔20内的喷雾头41取出后，将喷雾头41的锥形孔43插在外套2的锥头7上，使得喷雾头41被固定在外套2的锥头7上(见图15)。在安全型注射器1被使用后，将插在锥头7上的喷雾头41取下后，喷雾头41再被置入芯杆3的器具腔20内(见图17)。
图18至图31是表示本发明第二实施例的安全型注射器50。安全型注射器50包括外套51和芯杆52。外套51(见图21、图25、图30和图31)有外套空腔53。外套空腔53在外套51的后端有开口54。外套空腔53的前端有封底部55。在外套空腔53的封底部55的前端有锥头56。锥头56内有锥头孔57。锥头孔57与外套空腔53贯通。在外套51的后部有外套卷边58。在外套51的外表面上有容量标尺59。芯杆52(见图28和图29)的后端有按手60，前部有密封圈61。芯杆52的密封圈61从外套空腔53后端开口54处 插入外套空腔53内后(见图21)，操纵芯杆51的按手60可使密封圈61在外套空腔53内前后移动，密封圈61的外壁62与外套空腔53的内壁63形成安全型注射器50的密封配合。外套空腔53的后部有弹性钩48和49(见图30和图31)。弹性钩48上有内凸的锁紧周向凸块71(见图30)。弹性钩49上有内凸的定位周向凸块81(见图31)。
外套51的锥头56的后端有较大倾角的圆锥斜面64(见图21和图24至图26)。锥头帽65的后部有锥形唇边66和锥形孔67(见图21和图27)。锥头帽65的锥形唇边66位于锥形孔67的后部。当锥头帽65的锥形孔67插在外套51的锥头56上时，锥头帽65被固定在外套51的锥头56上(见图20和图21)。当捏扁锥头帽65的锥形唇边66时，锥形唇边66沿锥头56的后端的圆锥斜面64移动，锥形唇边66推动锥头帽65向前移动，使得锥头帽65的锥形孔67脱离外套51的锥头56。
芯杆52(见图19和图28)的一侧有侧向开口的器具腔68。器具腔68内可置入注射针15。器具腔68的后端有腔内周向凹槽69。器具腔68的腔内周向凹槽69的侧向开口处的周向宽度小于注射针15的锥形唇边17的直径和器具腔68的腔内周向凹槽69的直径。芯杆52的按手60在位于注射针15的一侧有缺口70。当注射针15被置入芯杆的器具腔68内时(见图24)，注射针15的锥形唇边17弹性变形越过器具腔68的腔内周向凹槽69的侧向开口处，进入器具腔68的腔内周向凹槽69内，使得注射针15的锥形唇边17被约束在器具腔68的腔内周向凹槽69内，将注射针15约束在器具腔68内。在安全型注射器50被使用前(见图18)，注射针15被置入芯杆52的器具腔68内。在安全型注射器50被使用时(见图19)，在芯杆52的按手60的缺口70处捏住被置入芯杆52的器具腔68内的注射针15的锥形唇边17，从器具腔68的侧向开口处取出注射针15，再将注射针15的锥形孔20插在外套51的锥头56上，使得注射针15被固定在外套51的锥头56上。在安全型注射器50被使用后(见图24)，将插在外套51的锥头56上的注射针15取下后，再将注射针15从器具腔68的侧向开口处置入芯杆52的器具腔68内。
外套空腔53内的锁紧周向凸块71的轴向有大倾角凸块轴向约束斜面72。锁紧周向凸块71的周向两侧的分别有大倾角凸块周向约束斜面73和74。芯杆52的外周有锁紧周向凹槽75(见图29)。锁紧周向凹槽75的轴向有大倾角凹槽轴向约束斜面76。锁紧周向凹槽75的周向两侧分别有大倾角凹槽周向约束斜面77和78。锁紧周向凹槽75的周向侧面有锁紧轴向凸块79。锁紧轴向凸块79的侧面有小倾角凸块周向约束斜面80。在安全型注射器50被使用后，将插在外套51的锥头56上的注射针15取下后，再将注射针15置入芯杆52的器具腔68内(见图24)，此时，转动芯杆52使得外套空腔53内的锁紧周向凸块71弹性变形越过芯杆52的锁紧轴向凸块79的小倾角凸块周向约束斜面80进入芯杆52的锁紧周向凹槽75内后，芯杆52的锁紧周向凹槽75的大倾角凹槽轴向约束斜面76与外套空腔53内的锁紧周向凸块71的大倾角凸块轴向约束斜面72相互约束，芯杆52的锁紧周向凹槽75的两个大倾角凹槽周向约束斜面77和78分别与外套空腔53内的锁紧周向凸块71的两个大倾角凸块周向约束斜面73和74相互约束；同时，外套空腔53内的锁紧周向凸块71弹性变形时发出的声音提示，芯杆52和被置入芯杆52的器具腔68内的注 射针15已被锁在外套51内(见图25和图26)。
外套空腔53内的定位周向凸块81的轴向两侧分别有凸块轴向约束斜面82和83。定位周向凸块81的周向两侧分别有凸块周向约束斜面84和85。芯杆52(见图28)的外周有定位周向凹槽86。多个定位周向凹槽86沿芯杆52的轴向排列分布。各个定位周向凹槽86的轴向两侧分别有凹槽轴向约束斜面87和88。各个定位周向凹槽86的周向两侧分别有凹槽周向约束斜面89和90。定位周向凹槽86的周向侧面有定位轴向凸块91。定位轴向凸块91的周向侧面有凸块周向约束斜面92。当转动芯杆52使得外套空腔53内的定位周向凸块81弹性变形越过芯杆52的定位轴向凸块91的凸块周向约束斜面92进入芯杆52的被选定的定位周向凹槽93内后(见图18和图20至图22)，芯杆52的该选定的定位周向凹槽93的两个凹槽周向约束斜面96和97分别与外套空腔53内的定位周向凸块81的两个凸块周向约束斜面84和85相互约束，阻碍芯杆52在外套空腔53内转动，芯杆52的该选定的定位周向凹槽93的两个凹槽轴向约束斜面94和95分别与外套空腔53内的定位周向凸块81的两个凸块轴向约束斜面82和83相互约束，阻碍芯杆52的密封圈61在外套空腔53内前后移动，被约束在外套空腔53内的芯杆52的密封圈61的前端与外套空腔53的封底部55之间的腔室形成医用注射器50的选定的充液容量。当转动芯杆52使得外套空腔53内的定位周向凸块81弹性变形越过芯杆52的定位周向凹槽93的凹槽周向约束斜面96移出芯杆52的定位周向凹槽93后(图19、图23和图24)，芯杆52的定位轴向凸块91的凸块周向约束斜面92阻碍外套空腔53内的定位周向凸块81进入芯杆52的定位周向凹槽86内，操纵芯杆52的按手60可使密封圈61在外套空腔53内前后移动。在操作过程中，外套空腔53内的定位周向凸块81弹性变形时发出的声音提示安全型注射器50的工作状态已被改变。
安全型注射器50中的注射针15也可以更换成喷雾头41(见图32)。
图33至图45是表示本发明第三实施例的安全型注射器100。安全型注射器100包括外套101和芯杆102。外套101(见图36、图44和图45)有外套空腔103。外套空腔103在外套101的后端开口104。外套空腔103的前端有封底部105。在外套空腔103的封底部105的前端有锥头106。锥头106的后端有较大倾角的圆锥斜面107(见图36、图40和图41)。锥头106内有锥头孔108。锥头孔108与外套空腔103贯通。在外套101的后部有外套卷边109和110。在外套101的外表面上有容量标尺111。外套空腔103的后部有弹性钩98和99。弹性钩98上有内凸的锁紧周向凸块112(见图44)。弹性钩99上有内凸的定位周向凸块116(见图45)。外套空腔103内的锁紧周向凸块112的轴向有大倾角凸块轴向约束斜面113，周向两侧的分别有大倾角凸块周向约束斜面114和115。外套空腔103内的定位周向凸块116的轴向两侧分别有小倾角的凸块轴向约束斜面117和118，周向两侧分别有凸块周向约束斜面119和120。
芯杆102(见图42)的后端有按手121，前部有密封圈122。芯杆102的密封圈122从外套空腔103后端开口104处插入外套空腔103内后(见图39)，操纵芯杆101的按手121可使密封圈122在外套空腔103内前后移动，密封圈122的外壁123与外套空腔103 的内壁124形成安全型注射器100的密封配合。芯杆102(见图42)的一侧有侧向开口的器具腔125。器具腔125内可置入注射针15。器具腔125的后端有腔内周向凹槽126。器具腔125的腔内周向凹槽126的侧向开口处的周向宽度小于注射针15的锥形唇边17的直径和器具腔125的腔内周向凹槽126的直径。芯杆102的按手121在位于注射针15的一侧有缺口127。当注射针15被置入芯杆的器具腔125内时(见图43)，注射针15的锥形唇边17弹性变形越过器具腔125的腔内周向凹槽126的侧向开口处，进入器具腔125的腔内周向凹槽126内，使得注射针15的锥形唇边17被约束在器具腔125的腔内周向凹槽126内，将注射针15约束在器具腔125内。在安全型注射器100被使用前(见图33)，注射针15被置入芯杆102的器具腔125内，在外套101的锥头106上插有锥头帽65。在安全型注射器100被使用时(见图33和图34)，先捏扁锥头帽65的锥形唇边66使得锥头帽65的锥形孔67脱离外套101的锥头106，再在芯杆102的按手121的缺口127处捏住被置入芯杆102的器具腔125内的注射针15的锥形唇边17，从器具腔125的侧向开口处取出注射针15，再将注射针15的锥形孔20插在外套101的锥头106上，使得注射针15被固定在外套101的锥头106上。在安全型注射器100被使用后(见图40)，捏扁注射针15的锥形唇边17，将插在外套101的锥头106上的注射针15取下后，再将注射针15从器具腔125的侧向开口处置入芯杆102的器具腔125内。
芯杆102的外周有锁紧周向凹槽128(见图34和图36至图39)。锁紧周向凹槽128的轴向有大倾角凹槽轴向约束斜面129，周向两侧有大倾角凹槽周向约束斜面130和131，轴向侧面有锁紧轴向凸块132和锁紧周向凸块133。锁紧轴向凸块132的侧面有小倾角凸块周向约束斜面134。锁紧周向凸块133的侧面有小倾角凸块轴向约束斜面135。芯杆102的外周有定位周向凹槽136(见图33至图37)。多个定位周向凹槽136沿芯杆102的轴向排列分布。各个定位周向凹槽136的轴向两侧分别有小倾角凹槽轴向约束斜面137和138，周向两侧分别有凹槽周向约束斜面139和140，周向侧面有定位轴向凸块141。定位轴向凸块141的周向侧面有凸块周向约束斜面142。
在安全型注射器100抽取液体后，转动芯杆102使得外套空腔103内的定位周向凸块116弹性变形越过芯杆102的定位轴向凸块141的凸块周向约束斜面142进入芯杆102的被选定的定位周向凹槽143内后(见图33和图35至图37)，芯杆102的该选定的定位周向凹槽143的两个凹槽周向约束斜面144和145分别与外套空腔103内的定位周向凸块116的两个凸块周向约束斜面119和120相互约束，阻碍芯杆102在外套空腔103内转动，芯杆102的该选定的定位周向凹槽143的两个小倾角凹槽轴向约束斜面146和147分别与外套空腔103内的定位周向凸块116的两个小倾角凸块轴向约束斜面117和118相互约束，阻碍芯杆102的密封圈122在外套空腔103内前后移动，被约束在外套空腔103内的芯杆102的密封圈122的前端与外套空腔103的封底部105之间的腔室形成医用注射器100的选定的充液容量。
在安全型注射器100抽取液体后的第一种可选择的操作过程为(见图34至图38)：当推动芯杆102使得外套空腔103内的定位周向凸块116的小倾角的凸块轴向约束斜面 117或118弹性变形越过芯杆102的被选定的定位周向凹槽143的小倾角凹槽轴向约束斜面146或147进入另一个定位周向凹槽136内后，芯杆102的该另一个定位周向凹槽136的两个小倾角凹槽轴向约束斜面137和138分别与外套空腔103内的定位周向凸块116的两个小倾角凸块轴向约束斜面117和118相互约束，阻碍芯杆102的密封圈122在外套空腔103内前后移动，被约束在外套空腔103内的芯杆102的密封圈122与外套空腔103的封底部105之间的腔室形成安全型注射器100的被改变后的充液容量。当推动芯杆102使得外套空腔103内的锁紧周向凸块112弹性变形越过芯杆102的锁紧周向凸块134的小倾角凸块轴向约束斜面135进入芯杆102的锁紧周向凹槽128内后，芯杆102的锁紧周向凹槽128的大倾角凹槽轴向约束斜面129与外套空腔103内的锁紧周向凸块112的大倾角凸块轴向约束斜面113相互约束，芯杆102的锁紧周向凹槽134的两个大倾角凹槽周向约束斜面130和131分别与外套空腔103内的锁紧周向凸块112的两个大倾角凸块周向约束斜面114和115相互约束，将安全型注射器100的外套101和芯杆102锁在一起，然后捏扁远离针头的注射针15的锥形唇边17，注射针15即可脱离安全型注射器100的外套101的锥头106，再将带菌的注射针15放入收集箱内。
在安全型注射器100抽取液体后的第二种可选择的操作过程为(见图39至图41)：当转动芯杆102使得外套空腔103内的定位周向凸块116弹性变形越过芯杆102的被选定的定位周向凹槽143的凹槽周向约束斜面144移出芯杆102的被选定的定位周向凹槽143后(图36和图39)，芯杆102的定位轴向凸块141的凸块周向约束斜面142阻碍外套空腔103内的定位周向凸块116进入芯杆102的定位周向凹槽136内，操纵芯杆102的按手121可使密封圈122在外套空腔103内前后移动。在安全型注射器100被使用后，捏扁远离针头的注射针15的锥形唇边17，注射针15即可脱离安全型注射器100的外套101的锥头106，再将注射针15置入芯杆102的器具腔125内(见图40)，然后，先将芯杆102的密封圈122推到外套空腔103的封底部105处，再转动芯杆102使得外套空腔103内的锁紧周向凸块112弹性变形越过芯杆102的锁紧轴向凸块132的小倾角凸块周向约束斜面133进入芯杆102的锁紧周向凹槽128内，芯杆102的锁紧周向凹槽128的大倾角凹槽轴向约束斜面129与外套空腔103内的锁紧周向凸块112的大倾角凸块轴向约束斜面113相互约束，芯杆102的锁紧周向凹槽128的两个大倾角凹槽周向约束斜面130和131分别与外套空腔103内的锁紧周向凸块112的两个大倾角凸块周向约束斜面114和115相互约束，将芯杆102和被置入芯杆102的器具腔125内的注射针15一起锁在外套101内(见图39)。
在上述操作过程中，外套空腔103内的定位周向凸块116或锁紧周向凸块112弹性变形时发出的声音提示安全型注射器100的工作状态已被改变。
根据上述详细介绍可知，本发明的安全型注射器可以达到以下技术效果：
本发明的安全型注射器，实现外套空腔的后部有内凸的锁紧周向凸块，芯杆的外周有锁紧周向凹槽，外套空腔内的锁紧周向凸块可以弹性变形越过芯杆的锁紧周向凸块进入芯杆的锁紧周向凹槽内，外套空腔内的锁紧周向凸块弹性变形时发出的声音提示，芯杆和被置入芯杆的器具腔内的注射针已被锁在外套内。安全型注射器使用后，对于单次抽吸和注 射的使用要求，预期的一次性使用过程一经完成，自动启动防止重复使用功能，将安全型注射器的外套和芯杆锁在一起，然后捏扁远离针头的注射针的锥形唇边，注射针即可脱离安全型注射器的外套的锥头，再将带菌的注射针放入收集箱内；对于在单次注射前芯杆可以进行多次抽吸的使用要求，预期的一次性使用过程一经完成，捏扁远离针头的注射针的锥形唇边，注射针即可脱离安全型注射器的外套的锥头，既可以将带菌的注射针放入收集箱内，也可以将带菌的注射针收入安全型注射器的芯杆的器具腔内，然后选择性地人工启动防止重复使用功能，将安全型注射器的外套和芯杆锁在一起或不锁在一起；达到操作过程中不会接触到针头的目的，从而既可以避免带菌的注射针对人体造成严重的伤害，又可以避免被重复使用。
本发明的安全型注射器，实现外套空腔的后部有内凸的定位周向凸块，芯杆的外周有定位轴向凸块和沿芯杆轴向排列分布的多个定位周向凹槽。当转动芯杆使得外套空腔内的定位周向凸块弹性变形越过芯杆的定位轴向凸块进入芯杆的被选定的定位周向凹槽内后，被约束在外套空腔内的芯杆的密封圈的前端与外套空腔的封底部之间的腔室形成安全型注射器的选定的充液容量；当转动芯杆使得外套空腔内的定位周向凸块弹性变形越过芯杆的定位周向凹槽移出芯杆的定位周向凹槽后，操纵芯杆的按手可使密封圈在外套空腔内前后移动；达到安全型注射器的预充药液量可以精确锁定的目的。在操作过程中，外套空腔内的定位周向凸块弹性变形时发出声音提示安全型注射器的工作状态已被改变。
本发明的安全型注射器，实现由外套的锥头和圆锥斜面与注射器具的锥形唇边和锥形孔组成注射器具的接口。在注射针的锥形孔插在外套的锥头上时，注射针被固定在外套的锥头上，达到将注射针刺入人体的肌肉或血管内时避免注射针的针尖发生摆动的目的，从而避免造成操作失误；在安全型注射器使用后，仅需捏扁远离注射针头的注射针的锥形唇边，注射针即可脱离安全型注射器的外套的锥头，既可以将带菌的注射针放入收集箱内，也可以将带菌的注射针收入安全型注射器的芯杆的器具腔内，达到操作过程中避免接触到针头的目的，从而避免带菌的注射针伤害人体。
本发明的安全型注射器，实现芯杆的一侧有侧向开口的可置入注射针的器具腔，芯杆的按手在位于器具腔的一侧有缺口。在安全型注射器被使用前，注射针被置入芯杆的器具腔内；在安全型注射器被使用时，在芯杆的按手的缺口处捏住被置入芯杆的器具腔内的注射器具的锥形唇边，从器具腔的侧向开口处取出注射器具；在安全型注射器被使用后，将插在外套的锥头上的注射器具取下后，再将注射器具从器具腔的侧向开口处置入芯杆的器具腔内，然后将芯杆推到底后大部分芯杆进入外套内，达到最终形成的安全型注射器的整体体积较小的目的，从而对后续销毁处理带来便利。
于是可以看出，上述所陈述的目标，包括由前面说明所显示的那些目标被有效地达到了。这里所述的仅仅是本发明申请的典型的最佳实施形式，可以对上述结构作某些变化也不违背本发明的精神和范围。本发明不局限或被限止于这里所陈述的具体细节，而应如同权利要求的限定中陈述的那样保留对所属领域中等技术人员来说是显而易见的任何改进或改型。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种安全型注射器，所述安全型注射器包括外套和芯杆；
    所述外套有外套空腔，所述外套空腔分别在外套的前后端开口，所述外套空腔的前端有封底部，在所述外套空腔的封底部的前端有锥头，所述锥头内有锥头孔，所述锥头孔与外套空腔贯通，在外套的后部有外套卷边，在外套的外表面上有容量标尺；
    所述芯杆的后端有按手，前部有密封圈；所述芯杆的密封圈从外套空腔后端开口处插入外套空腔内后，操纵所述芯杆的按手可使密封圈在外套空腔内前后移动，密封圈的外壁与外套空腔的内壁形成安全型注射器的密封配合；
    其特征在于：所述外套空腔的后部有弹性钩，所述弹性钩上有内凸的周向凸块，所述周向凸块的轴向侧面有凸块轴向约束斜面，周向凸块的周向两侧分别有凸块周向约束斜面；所述芯杆的外周有周向凹槽，所述周向凹槽的轴向侧面有凹槽轴向约束斜面，周向凹槽的周向两侧分别有凹槽周向约束斜面，周向凹槽的周向侧面有轴向凸块，所述轴向凸块的周向侧面有凸块周向约束斜面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的安全型注射器，其特征是，所述外套空腔内的周向凸块中有定位周向凸块，所述定位周向凸块的轴向两侧分别有凸块轴向约束斜面，定位周向凸块的周向两侧分别有凸块周向约束斜面；所述芯杆的周向凹槽中有定位周向凹槽，多个所述定位周向凹槽沿芯杆的轴向排列分布，各个定位周向凹槽的轴向两侧分别有凹槽轴向约束斜面，各个定位周向凹槽的周向两侧分别有凹槽周向约束斜面，定位周向凹槽的周向侧面有定位轴向凸块，所述定位轴向凸块的周向侧面有凸块周向约束斜面；当转动芯杆使得外套空腔内的定位周向凸块弹性变形越过芯杆的定位轴向凸块的所述凸块周向约束斜面进入芯杆的被选定的定位周向凹槽内后，芯杆的该选定的定位周向凹槽的两个所述凹槽周向约束斜面分别与外套空腔内的定位周向凸块的两个所述凸块周向约束斜面相互约束，阻碍芯杆在外套空腔内转动，芯杆的该选定的定位周向凹槽的两个所述凹槽轴向约束斜面分别与外套空腔内的定位周向凸块的两个所述凸块轴向约束斜面相互约束，阻碍芯杆的所述密封圈在外套空腔内前后移动，被约束在外套空腔内的芯杆的密封圈的前端与外套空腔的所述封底部之间的腔室形成所述安全型注射器的选定的充液容量；当转动芯杆使得外套空腔内的定位周向凸块弹性变形越过芯杆的定位周向凹槽的凹槽周向约束斜面移出芯杆的定位周向凹槽后，芯杆的定位轴向凸块的凸块周向约束斜面阻碍外套空腔内的定位周向凸块进入芯杆的定位周向凹槽内，操纵芯杆的所述按手可使密封圈在外套空腔内前后移动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的安全型注射器，其特征是，所述外套空腔的定位周向凸块的轴向两侧分别有小倾角凸块轴向约束斜面；当外套空腔内的定位周向凸块位于所述芯杆的被选定的定位周向凹槽内时，芯杆的被选定的定位周向凹槽的两个所述凹槽轴向约束斜面分别与外套空腔内的定位周向凸块的两个所述凸块轴向约束斜面相互约束，阻碍 芯杆的所述密封圈在外套空腔内前后移动，被约束在外套空腔内的芯杆的密封圈的前端与外套空腔的所述封底部之间形成所述安全型注射器的选定的充液容量；当推动芯杆使得外套空腔内的定位周向凸块的所述小倾角凸块轴向约束斜面弹性变形越过所述芯杆的被选定的定位周向凹槽的凹槽轴向约束斜面进入另一个定位周向凹槽内后，芯杆的该另一个定位周向凹槽的两个凹槽轴向约束斜面分别与外套空腔内的定位周向凸块的两个凸块轴向约束斜面相互约束，阻碍芯杆的密封圈在外套空腔内前后移动，被约束在外套空腔内的芯杆的密封圈的前端与外套空腔的封底部之间的腔室形成安全型注射器的被改变后的充液容量。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的安全型注射器，其特征是，所述芯杆的定位周向凹槽的轴向两侧分别有小倾角凹槽轴向约束斜面；当所述外套空腔内的定位周向凸块位于芯杆的被选定的定位周向凹槽内时，芯杆的被选定的定位周向凹槽的两个所述凹槽轴向约束斜面分别与外套空腔内的定位周向凸块的两个所述凸块轴向约束斜面相互约束，阻碍芯杆的所述密封圈在外套空腔内前后移动，被约束在外套空腔内的芯杆的密封圈的前端与外套空腔的所述封底部之间形成所述安全型注射器的选定的充液容量；当推动芯杆使得外套空腔内的定位周向凸块弹性变形越过芯杆的被选定的定位周向凹槽的所述小倾角凹槽轴向约束斜面进入另一个定位周向凹槽内后，芯杆的该另一个定位周向凹槽的两个凹槽轴向约束斜面分别与外套空腔内的定位周向凸块的两个凸块轴向约束斜面相互约束，阻碍芯杆的密封圈在外套空腔内前后移动，被约束在外套空腔内的芯杆的密封圈的前端与外套空腔的封底部之间的腔室形成安全型注射器的被改变后的充液容量。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的安全型注射器，其特征是，所述外套空腔内的周向凸块中有锁紧周向凸块，所述锁紧周向凸块有凸块轴向约束斜面，锁紧周向凸块的周向两侧分别有凸块周向约束斜面；所述芯杆的周向凹槽中有锁紧周向凹槽，所述锁紧周向凹槽的轴向有凹槽轴向约束斜面，锁紧周向凹槽的周向两侧分别有凹槽周向约束斜面，锁紧周向凹槽的周向侧面有锁紧轴向凸块；当转动芯杆使得外套空腔内的锁紧周向凸块弹性变形越过芯杆的所述锁紧轴向凸块进入芯杆的锁紧周向凹槽内后，芯杆的锁紧周向凹槽的所述凹槽轴向约束斜面与外套空腔内的锁紧周向凸块的所述凸块轴向约束斜面相互约束，芯杆的锁紧周向凹槽的两个所述凹槽周向约束斜面分别与外套空腔内的锁紧周向凸块的两个所述凸块周向约束斜面相互约束，使得芯杆被锁在外套空腔上。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的安全型注射器，其特征是，所述外套空腔内的周向凸块中有锁紧周向凸块，所述锁紧周向凸块有凸块轴向约束斜面，锁紧周向凸块的周向两侧分别有凸块周向约束斜面；所述芯杆的周向凹槽中有锁紧周向凹槽，所述锁紧周向凹槽的轴向有凹槽轴向约束斜面，锁紧周向凹槽的周向两侧分别有凹槽周向约束斜面，锁紧周向凹槽的轴向侧面有锁紧周向凸块；当推动芯杆使得外套空腔内的锁紧周向凸块弹性变形越过芯杆的锁紧周向凸块进入芯杆的锁紧周向凹槽内后，芯杆的锁紧周向凹槽的所述凹槽轴向约束斜面与外套空腔内的锁紧周向凸块的所述凸块轴向约束斜面相互约束，芯杆的锁紧周向凹槽的两个所述凹槽周向约束斜面分别与外套空腔内的锁紧周向凸块的两 个所述凸块周向约束斜面相互约束，使得芯杆被锁在外套空腔上。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的安全型注射器，其特征是，所述外套的外套空腔的封底部的前端的锥头上可插上注射针、喷雾头或锥头帽等注射器具，所述外套的锥头的后端有圆锥斜面，所述注射器具的后部有锥形唇边和锥形孔，注射器具的所述锥形唇边位于所述锥形孔的后部；当注射器具的锥形孔插在外套的锥头上时，注射器具被固定在外套的锥头上；当捏扁注射器具的锥形唇边时，锥形唇边沿套的锥头的后端的圆锥斜面移动，从而锥形唇边推动注射器具向前移动，使得注射器具的锥形孔脱离外套的锥头。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的安全型注射器，其特征是，所述芯杆的一侧有侧向开口的器具腔，所述芯杆的按手在位于所述器具腔的一侧有缺口，所述器具腔的后端有腔内周向凹槽，器具腔的所述腔内周向凹槽的侧向开口处的周向宽度小于所述注射器具的锥形唇边的直径和器具腔的腔内周向凹槽的直径；当注射针或喷雾头等注射器具被置入芯杆的器具腔内时，注射器具的锥形唇边弹性变形越过器具腔的腔内周向凹槽的侧向开口处，进入器具腔的腔内周向凹槽内，使得注射器具的锥形唇边被约束在器具腔的腔内周向凹槽内，将注射器具约束在器具腔内；在安全型注射器被使用时，在芯杆的按手的所述缺口处捏住被置入芯杆的器具腔内的注射器具的所述锥形唇边，从器具腔的所述侧向开口处取出注射器具，再将注射器具的所述锥形孔插在所述外套的锥头上，使得注射器具被固定在外套的锥头上；在安全型注射器被使用后，将插在外套的锥头上的注射器具取下后，再将注射针或喷雾头等注射器具从器具腔的侧向开口处置入芯杆的器具腔内。
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