WO2018205891A1 - 一种能保证丝攻安全和耐用的攻丝刀柄 - Google Patents

一种能保证丝攻安全和耐用的攻丝刀柄 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018205891A1
WO2018205891A1 PCT/CN2018/085731 CN2018085731W WO2018205891A1 WO 2018205891 A1 WO2018205891 A1 WO 2018205891A1 CN 2018085731 W CN2018085731 W CN 2018085731W WO 2018205891 A1 WO2018205891 A1 WO 2018205891A1
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Prior art keywords
rolling
clutch
floating
tapping
shank
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PCT/CN2018/085731
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张春明
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苏州家家有机械制造有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 苏州家家有机械制造有限公司 filed Critical 苏州家家有机械制造有限公司
Priority to DE112018002351.6T priority Critical patent/DE112018002351T5/de
Priority to JP2020505963A priority patent/JP7029614B2/ja
Publication of WO2018205891A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018205891A1/zh
Priority to US16/600,383 priority patent/US10940539B2/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
    • B23B31/02—Chucks
    • B23B31/08—Chucks holding tools yieldably
    • B23B31/083—Chucks holding tools yieldably axially
    • B23B31/086—Chucks holding tools yieldably axially having an overload clutch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
    • B23G1/00—Thread cutting; Automatic machines specially designed therefor
    • B23G1/44—Equipment or accessories specially designed for machines or devices for thread cutting
    • B23G1/46—Equipment or accessories specially designed for machines or devices for thread cutting for holding the threading tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2231/00—Details of chucks, toolholder shanks or tool shanks
    • B23B2231/54—Chucks for taps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tool holder, and more particularly to a tool holder for use in a numerically controlled machine tool.
  • tapping In tapping, the tapping and breaking in the workpiece has always been the biggest and most difficult technical problem in tapping, especially the small-diameter wire tapping.
  • the Chinese patent CN20110601 discloses an overload protection type tap chuck, which is the closest prior art to the present invention, and is a tapping shank in which an axial floating mechanism and a sliding friction clutch mechanism are combined.
  • the collet cannot extend too long, so the stepped workpiece cannot be tapped.
  • the wire tapping will also appear “slip” without rotating with the spindle, causing the wire tapping to be broken by the spindle without being withdrawn from the spindle.
  • the clutch parts of the clutch mechanism are not suitable for full mechanized production because of the short power arm, strong pressure and fast wear, and frequent manual adjustment.
  • the axial floating spring is subjected to the initial axial pressure of the tapping, and the depth of the tapping of the CNC machine tool cannot be controlled, and the tapping with deep requirements cannot be satisfied.
  • the main object of the invention is to prevent wire breakage, in particular the smallest wire break that is most prone to breakage.
  • a tapping shank that ensures the safe and durable wire tapping is mainly composed of a combination of a comprehensive floating mechanism and a safety clutch mechanism.
  • the rolling steel ball is connected in activity, and the axially-rolled rolling clutch member and the axially-fitting clutch floating member are connected by the rolling clutch steel ball, the clutch steel ball has a cage, the axially-fitting clutch floating member and the radial direction
  • the floating member is movably connected by the rolling member, and the radial floating member and the positioning member are movably connected by the rolling member, and the positioning member and the collet are connected by the rolling steel ball, and the positioning member is movably connected to the shank through the steel ball.
  • the movable connecting body has a sliding grooved sliding member and a radial floating socket floating member connected by the sliding clutch steel ball, and the radial floating socket floating member and the radial floating member are movably connected by the rolling member, the radial floating member
  • the locating member is movably connected by the rolling member, and the positioning member and the collet are connected by the rolling steel ball, and the positioning member is movably connected to the shank by the steel ball.
  • the shank has a torque adjusting thread on the outer circle, a rolling groove in which the inner circle has a rolling steel ball, and a groove on the plane.
  • the radial floating socket floating member or the axial floating socket floating member has a wire anti-slip column hole, a yaw floating spring hole, a rolling groove of the rolling piece, and the plane passes the steel ball on the cage Connected to the rolling block or the shank of the shank, the axial floating socket of the socket is a plane with a socket, and the radial floating socket has a pocket with an outer circle.
  • the radial floating member has X and Y steps in the upper and lower planes.
  • the positioning member has an elongated groove in the inner circle, a steel ball and an axial compensation spring in the groove, a circular groove with a constant force screw hole and a rolling body, and a circular recess on the plane through the cage
  • the steel ball is connected to the dimple activity on the plane of the shank.
  • the collet is in the inner circle of the positioning member, and the outer circle has an elongated groove.
  • the torque adjusting nut is connected to the external thread of the shank, and the plane has a positioning screw hole.
  • the integrated floating mechanism of the tapping shank includes three floating functions of axial, radial and declination, so it can also meet the requirements of any two integrated floating, or a single requirement, which not only eliminates The axial pressure or tension of the spindle on the wire tapping, and also eliminates the eccentricity or eccentricity error caused by the manufacture, assembly and elongation of the parts of the shank, so that the center line of the wire tapping and the center line of the thread bottom hole can Freely coincident, when tapping, due to the balance of the cutting edge of the wire tapping, the wear is reduced to a minimum, which not only ensures the longest life of the wire tapping, but also ensures the accuracy and smoothness of the hole diameter, and reduces the machine tool change.
  • the number of knives reduces the cost of the tool, and also avoids the dependence on the machining accuracy of the part in order to ensure the concentricity with the shank.
  • the integrated floating mechanism and the safety clutch mechanism have a hybrid connection in the floating mechanism, and a floating mechanism in the clutch mechanism constitutes an inseparable part. Due to the simplification of the structure, not only the production cost is reduced by one third, but also It is easier to control the concentricity and verticality of the chuck and the shank by the positioning reference. The chuck can not swing when rotating, and can float when tapping.
  • the collet can be extended and the tapping is not limited by the stepped workpiece.
  • the tapping shank passes through the anti-skid anti-skid column and the anti-skid anti-skid one-way groove to prevent the wire from “slipping” and avoid the situation that the wire tapping does not follow the spindle and the wire is broken.
  • the tapping shank has a constant force device to maintain the initial axial pressure of the chuck, ensuring consistent tapping depth.
  • the power arm of the clutch is longer than the power arm of the prior art, so that the pressure of the clutch is small, and it is not easy to wear.
  • the clutch has a wear-resistant groove to further increase the force area and reduce the pressure, so it is more durable. Durable, no need to manually adjust the torque, more in line with the full mechanical automation production.
  • the chuck is a hollow structure, it can be connected with water or oil and other related mechanisms to remove chips and cool down and lubricate.
  • Figure 1 shows the overall structure of the tapping shank.
  • Figure 2 is a part of the tool holder, the chuck, and the torque adjustment nut.
  • Figure 3 is a view of a sliding clutch with a chute, a rolling clutch with an axial groove, and a cage part.
  • Figure 4 is a view of a radial floating socket floating member, an axially floating clutch floating member, and a cage member.
  • Figure 5 is a view of the radial floating member and the positioning member.
  • the invention relates to a steel ball type rolling friction clutch and a sliding friction clutch.
  • Two types of tapping shanks, the rolling friction clutch type mainly solves the need for a small threading process to require a higher clutching sensitivity than a sliding friction clutch.
  • the rolling friction clutch torque transmission sequence is: 1 shank, 2 rolling steel balls, 4 axially rolling rolling clutches, 6 rolling clutch steel balls, 9 axial floating sockets, 10 rolling parts, 11 diameters To the floating member, 12 rolling members, 13 positioning members, 14 rolling steel balls, 15 collets, finally to drive the wire tapping or reamer rotation.
  • Sliding friction clutch torque transmission sequence is: 1 shank, 2 rolling steel ball, 3 sliding clutch with chute, 5 sliding clutch ball, 8 radial floating socket, 10 rolling parts, 11 radial Floating parts, 12 rolling parts, 13 positioning parts, 14 rolling steel balls, 15 chucks finally drive the wire tapping or reamer rotation.
  • the shank 1 connected to the main shaft is connected to the torque adjusting nut 16.
  • the positioning screw on the plane of the torque adjusting nut 16 is loosened, the adjusting nut is rotated, and the positioning screw is tightened.
  • the inner circumference of the shank 1 has a rolling groove for rolling the steel ball 2, an axially-rolled rolling clutch member 4 connected to the rolling steel ball 2 or a sliding clutch member 3 having a chute, and the outer circle also has a rolling groove for rolling the steel ball 2.
  • the plane has a back-slip non-slip one-way groove, the axially-rolled rolling clutch member 4 is a flat body, and the sliding grooved sliding member 3 is a flat grooved groove.
  • the sliding clutch member 3 having the inclined groove is movably connected to the radial floating socket 8 by the sliding clutch ball 5, and when the resistance of the tapping is greater than the torque set by the tapping, the sliding steel ball 5 is slid, and the sliding In a manner, on the dimple of the radially-fitting clutch floating member 8, a small amount of radial floating is generated while slidingly rotating, and an axial thrust is generated by the rolling clutch member 4 and the spring 17 having the socket in the axial direction, because the clamp The head does not rotate with the shank 1 so the wire tap is protected.
  • the axially-rolled rolling clutch member 4 is movably connected to the axially-fitting clutch floating member 9 by the rolling clutch steel ball 6.
  • the rolling clutch ball 6 is rolled. , leaving the axially-fitting clutch floating member 9 and the axially nested rolling clutch member 4, generating a small amount of axial floating while rolling and rotating, and axially rolling the clutch member 4 and the spring 17 produces axial thrust, because the collet does not rotate with the shank 1 so the tapping is protected.
  • the cage 7 maintains the spacing of the individual rolling clutch balls 6.
  • the radial floating socket 8 or the axial floating socket 9 has a flat anti-slip hole, a screw hole, a rolling groove of the rolling member 10, and the axially floating clutch 9 is a flat socket.
  • a radial floating socket 8 or an axial floating socket 9 with a spring and a wire anti-slip column 25, a wire anti-slip column 25 and a sliding clutch with a chute 3 or the axially-floating rolling clutch member 4 is connected with the anti-slip non-slip one-way groove.
  • the anti-slip one-way groove is a slope with one end high and one end low, one end is connected with the plane and the other end is stepped with the plane.
  • the yaw floating spring 20 is adjusted by the screw, and the radial floating member 11.
  • the contact force is determined by using the dimple on the inner circumference of the shank 1 as a center to ensure the verticality and concentricity of the positioning member 13.
  • the positioning member 13 can have a radial or angulated floating space.
  • a radial floating socket 8 or an axially floating clutch 9 having a cage 22 on the plane and a steel ball 23 on the cage, movably connected to the rolling block 26 for "slipping" during tapping Rolling friction can be used to avoid sliding friction and improve clutch sensitivity.
  • the radially nested clutch float 8 or the axially nested clutch float 9 is both a clutch and a floating component, which allows two different functional mechanisms to be mixed together and becomes an inseparable part, which not only has a simple structure. And it is also easy to control the chuck without swinging while rotating.
  • a radially-fitting clutch float 8 or an axially-fitting clutch float 9 a rolling groove in the plane, transmits torque through the rolling member 10 in the rolling groove to the radial floating member 11, the rolling member 12 and the positioning member
  • the rolling grooves on the outer circumference of 13 are connected, so that the torque is transmitted to the positioning member 13 through the rolling members 12.
  • the radial floating member 11 is a common type of cross coupling, and the upper and lower planes have X and Y direction steps, and the radial displacement of the rolling elements 10 and 12 eliminates the radial deviation of the wire tapping and the thread bottom hole, thereby reducing the wire tapping friction.
  • the aperture and finish are guaranteed to reduce wear, tapping or reaming.
  • the outer circumference of the positioning member 13 has a constant force screw hole, and a constant force device such as a screw, a spring and a taper column is arranged in the hole, and the screw is rotated to increase or decrease the radial force of the taper column to initialize the initial collet tapping.
  • Axial pressure ensures consistent tapping depth.
  • the collet 15 is in the inner circle of the positioning member 13, and the outer circumference of the collet 15 and the inner circumference of the positioning member 13 have elongated grooves in which the steel ball 14 or the axial floating spring 21, the steel ball 14 and the axial direction are provided.
  • the floating spring 21 can also be installed in a slot. When the wire tapping overload "slip" does not rotate, or the spindle moves downward and the pitch is not synchronized, the collet 15 can now float axially in the inner hole of the positioning member 13, The axial floating spring 21 is compressed at this time, thereby eliminating the direct axial pressure generated by the main shaft against the wire tapping.
  • the axial floating spring 21 When the main shaft is retracted and the tapping pitch is not synchronized, the axial floating spring 21 is also compressed to eliminate the main shaft pair.
  • the wire tap produces a direct axial pulling force, and the axial floating spring 21 is automatically reset after the axial pressure or pulling force is eliminated.
  • the positioning member 13 has a circle of dimples on the plane, and the dimple passes through the steel ball 19 in the holder 18, and is connected with a circular dimple in the plane of the shank 1, and takes the center of the shank 1 as a reference to ensure the wire.
  • the attack does not swing when rotating, and can float when tapping. With the positioning of concentricity and verticality, the radial floating and the yaw floating will not cause the chuck to sway, and the collet 15 can be extended when the stepped workpiece is tapped. .
  • the lower portion of the inner portion of the positioning member 13 has a stopper 27 to prevent the steel ball 14 or the axial floating spring 21 from falling.
  • the positioning member 13 transmits the torque to the collet 15 through the steel ball 14, which drives the wire tapping or the reaming knife to rotate, and only needs to adjust the clutch torque when reaming.
  • the wire tapping When the hard material is tapped, when the load exceeds the specified torque, the wire tapping is started by “slip”, the spindle rotates and the wire tapping does not turn. When the wire is retracted, the wire tapping rotates with the spindle, so the attack is repeated several times. The wire is retracted and the tapping is in place.
  • tapping shank is applicable not only to tapping and reaming, but also to the work of robot thread assembly, etc., and those skilled in the art can directly derive or associate replacements from the disclosure of the present invention. It is considered to be the same or equivalent scope of protection of the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • One-Way And Automatic Clutches, And Combinations Of Different Clutches (AREA)

Abstract

一种攻丝刀柄，主要由轴向、径向、偏角等综合浮动机构和高灵敏度滚动离合安全机构混合组成，攻M1的螺纹有实际安全保障，它解决了主轴对丝攻的轴向压力和拉力、丝攻与底孔的偏心和偏角误差等问题，保证了孔径的精度和丝攻使用的长寿命，同时也是一种高精度的孔加工浮动铰刀柄。

Description

一种能保证丝攻安全和耐用的攻丝刀柄 技术领域
本发明涉及一种刀柄，特别是涉及数控机床使用的一种刀柄。
背景技术
在攻丝中，丝攻断裂在工件里，一直以来是攻丝中最大最难的技术性难题，特别是小直径丝攻。
通过专利检索，中国专利CN20110601公开了过载保护型丝锥夹头，是与本发明最接近的现有技术，它是由轴向浮动机构和滑动摩擦离合机构，两个部分组合的攻丝刀柄。
因为滑动摩擦离合，摩擦系数大，无法感知小扭矩，所以过载保护对最容易断裂的小直径丝攻无法提供保护。
由于没有径向和偏角浮动，丝攻磨损很快，小丝攻很容易折断，攻丝后的孔径无法控制，达不到螺纹精度要求，是造成止规不止的主要原因，如果增大连接间隙，或增加径向和偏角浮动功能来减小径向或偏角摩擦，但是由于没有中心定位基准，转速越高丝攻摇摆越大，“难对孔”又成了新的问题。
因为摇摆，夹头不能延伸得太长，所以台阶形工件也就无法攻丝。
在退丝时由于排屑和材料的堵卡，丝攻也会出现“打滑”而不随主轴转动，导致丝攻因不随主轴退丝，而被主轴拉断。
离合机构的离合件，由于动力臂较短、压强大、磨损快、虽人工频繁调整，不适应全机械化生产。
由于丝攻切削刃口在攻丝中不断变钝，轴向浮动弹簧承受攻丝初始轴向压力不断变化，所以数控机床攻丝的深度无法控制，无法满足有深度要求的攻丝。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是防止丝攻断裂，特别是最容易断裂的小丝攻。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案为：
一种能保证丝攻安全和耐用的攻丝刀柄，主要由综合浮动机构和安全离 合机构混合组成。
所述的综合浮动机构与安全离合机构；有刀柄、滚动钢球、轴向有窝的滚动离合件、滚动离合钢球、保持架、轴向有窝的离合浮动件、滚动件、径向浮动件、滚动件、定位件、滚动钢球、夹头、扭矩调节螺母、弹簧、保持架、钢球、偏角浮动弹簧、轴向浮动弹簧；刀柄与轴向有窝的滚动离合件通过滚动钢球活动相连，轴向有窝的滚动离合件与轴向有窝的离合浮动件通过滚动离合钢球活动相连，离合钢球上有保持架，轴向有窝的离合浮动件与径向浮动件通过滚动件活动相连，径向浮动件与定位件通过滚动件活动相连，定位件与夹头通过滚动钢球活动相连，定位件通过钢球与刀柄活动相连。
所述的综合浮动机构与滑动离合式安全机构；有刀柄、滚动钢球、有斜槽的滑动离合件、滑动离合钢球、径向有窝的离合浮动件、滚动件、径向浮动件、滚动件、定位件、滚动钢球、夹头、扭矩调节螺母、弹簧、保持架、钢球、偏角浮动弹簧、轴向浮动弹簧；刀柄与有斜槽的滑动离合件通过滚动钢球活动相连，有斜槽的滑动离合件与径向有窝的离合浮动件通过滑动离合钢球活动相连，径向有窝的离合浮动件与径向浮动件通过滚动件活动相连，径向浮动件与定位件通过滚动件活动相连，定位件与夹头通过滚动钢球活动相连，定位件通过钢球与刀柄活动相连。
所述的刀柄，外圆有扭矩调节螺纹，内圆有滚动钢球的滚动槽，平面有一圈凹窝。
所述的有斜槽的滑动离合件或轴向有窝的滚动离合件，外圆有滚动钢球的滚动槽，平面有退丝防滑单向槽，轴向有窝的滚动离合件是平面有窝，有斜槽的滑动离合件是平面有斜槽。
所述的径向有窝的离合浮动件或是轴向有窝的离合浮动件，平面有退丝防滑柱孔、偏角浮动弹簧孔、滚动件的滚动槽，平面通过保持架上的钢球与滚动块或刀柄活动相连，轴向有窝的离合浮动件是平面有窝，径向有窝的离合浮动件是外圆有窝。
所述的径向浮动件，上下平面有X、Y向台阶。
所述的定位件，内圆里有长形槽，槽里装钢球和轴向补偿弹簧，外圆有恒力螺丝孔和滚动体的滚动槽，平面上有一圈凹窝，通过保持架上的钢球，与刀柄平面上的凹窝活动相连。
所述的夹头在定位件的内圆里，外圆有长形槽。
所述的扭矩调节螺母与刀柄外螺纹相连，平面有定位螺丝孔。
本发明的一种能保证丝攻安全和耐用的攻丝刀柄的有益效果表现为：
1、本攻丝刀柄的综合浮动机构，包含轴向、径向、偏角等三种浮动的功能，所以也能满足任意两个综合浮动的需求，或者是单一的需求，这样不仅消除了主轴对丝攻的轴向压力或拉力，而且还消除了刀柄各零部件在制造、装配、伸长时产生的偏心或偏角误差，使丝攻的中心线与螺纹底孔的中心线能自由重合，攻丝时，由于丝攻的切削刃受力均衡，磨损降到最低限度，这样不仅保证了丝攻使用的最长寿命，而且还保证了孔径的精度和光洁度，同时减少了机床换刀次数，又降低了刀具成本，还避免了为保证与刀柄的同心度，对零件加工精度上的依赖。
2、攻丝刀柄中纯滚动离合的过载保护机构，因为摩擦系数小，比现有技术的全滑动摩擦离合灵敏度提高了约十倍，能精准地调节丝攻所能承受的最大扭矩，并通过与综合浮动机构相结合，不仅结构优化，而且功能更全面，性能更高。现在小到M1的螺纹，也有了过载保护的安全保障，在攻丝过载保护的范围中，进入了前所未有的空白领域，突破了国内外的攻丝刀柄对本身抗断能力弱，最容易断裂的，特别是M3以下的小丝攻，这种对技术有严格要求的高难度螺纹加工，不能提供过载安全保护的缺点。本攻丝刀柄在数控机床上，通过综合浮动与滚动离合相结合，不但解决了攻丝中，最容易引起断裂的技术性难题，而且大小螺纹攻丝都可以在负荷过载时有保护。
3、综合浮动机构和安全离合机构因混合连接，浮动机构中有离合机构，离合机构中有浮动机构，构成一个不可分割的部分，由于结构简化，不仅降低了三分之一的生产成本，而且更容易通过定位基准控制夹头与刀柄的同心度和垂直度，夹头才能在转动时不摇摆，攻丝时能浮动。
4、由于有了中心定位，夹头可以伸长，攻丝不受台阶形工件的限制。
5、攻丝刀柄通过退丝防滑柱和退丝防滑单向槽，防止退丝“打滑”，避免出现丝攻不随主轴退丝，而导致被拉断的情况。
6、攻丝刀柄因为有了恒力装置，来恒定夹头轴向初始压力，确保攻丝 深度一致。
7、离合件的动力臂比现有技术的动力臂要长，使离合部位压强小，不易磨损，再加上离合部位有耐磨槽，进一步增大受力面积，减小压强，所以更经久耐用，就不需人工经常调节扭矩，更符合全机械自动化生产。
8、由于夹头是中空型结构，可以连接水或油等相关机构，起排屑和降温及润滑的作用。
附图说明
图1为攻丝刀柄总体结构图。
图2为刀柄、夹头、扭矩调节螺母零件图。
图3为有斜槽的滑动离合件、轴向有窝的滚动离合件、保持架零件图。
图4为径向有窝的离合浮动件、轴向有窝的离合浮动件、保持架零件图。
图5为径向浮动件、定位件零件图。
图中；1刀柄、2滚动钢球、3有斜槽的滑动离合件、4轴向有窝的滚动离合件、5滑动离合钢球、6滚动离合钢球、7保持架、8径向有窝的离合浮动件、9轴向有窝的离合浮动件、10滚动件、11径向浮动件、12滚动件、13定位件、14滚动钢球、15夹头、16扭矩调节螺母、17弹簧、18保持架、19钢球、20偏角浮动弹簧、21轴向浮动弹簧、22保持架、23钢球、24恒力装置、25退丝防滑柱、26滚动块、27挡块。
具体实施方式
本发明是钢球式滚动摩擦离合和滑动摩擦离合，两种类型的攻丝刀柄，滚动摩擦离合式主要是解决小螺纹加工需要比滑动摩擦离合更高的离合灵敏度。
滚动摩擦离合式扭矩传递顺序为；1刀柄、2滚动钢球、4轴向有窝的滚动离合件、6滚动离合钢球、9轴向有窝的离合浮动件、10滚动件、11径向浮动件、12滚动件、13定位件、14滚动钢球、15夹头最后带动丝攻或铰刀旋转。
滑动摩擦离合式扭矩传递顺序为；1刀柄、2滚动钢球、3有斜槽的滑动离合件、5滑动离合钢球、8径向有窝的离合浮动件、10滚动件、11径向 浮动件、12滚动件、13定位件、14滚动钢球、15夹头最后带动丝攻或铰刀旋转。
与主轴相连的刀柄1，外圆螺纹与扭矩调节螺母16相连，调节扭矩时，松开扭矩调节螺母16平面上的定位螺丝，旋转调节螺母，再紧固定位螺丝即可。
刀柄1内圆有滚动钢球2的滚动槽，与滚动钢球2相连的轴向有窝的滚动离合件4或有斜槽的滑动离合件3，外圆也有滚动钢球2的滚动槽，平面有退丝防滑单向槽，轴向有窝的滚动离合件4是平面有窝，有斜槽的滑动离合件3是平面有斜槽。
有斜槽的滑动离合件3通过滑动离合钢球5与径向有窝的离合浮动件8活动相连，当攻丝的阻力大于丝攻设定的扭矩时，滑动离合钢球5，通过滑动的方式，在径向有窝的离合浮动件8的凹窝上，在滑动旋转的同时并产生少量径向浮动，并对轴向有窝的滚动离合件4与弹簧17产生轴向推力，因为夹头不随刀柄1转动所以丝攻得到了保护。
轴向有窝的滚动离合件4通过滚动离合钢球6与轴向有窝的离合浮动件9活动相连，当攻丝的阻力大于丝攻设定的扭矩时，滚动离合钢珠6通过滚动的方式，离开轴向有窝的离合浮动件9和轴向有窝的滚动离合件4上的凹窝，在滚动旋转的同时产生少量轴向浮动，并对轴向有窝的滚动离合件4与弹簧17产生轴向推力，因为夹头不随刀柄1转动所以丝攻得到了保护。保持架7保持各个滚动离合钢球6的间距。
径向有窝的离合浮动件8或轴向有窝的离合浮动件9，平面有退丝防滑孔、螺丝孔、滚动件10的滚动槽，轴向有窝的离合浮动件9是平面有窝，窝上有一圈耐磨槽，径向有窝的离合浮动件8是外圆有窝，窝上也有一圈耐磨槽，起活动部位增大受力面积，减少压强，增强耐磨作用。
径向有窝的离合浮动件8或轴向有窝的离合浮动件9，平面上的退丝防滑孔里有弹簧和退丝防滑柱25，退丝防滑柱25与有斜槽的滑动离合件3或是轴向有窝的滚动离合件4的退丝防滑单向槽活动相连，防滑单向槽是一个一端高一端低的斜面，一端与平面成斜面相连，另一端与平面成台阶形，退丝时，防滑单向槽上的台阶，通过防滑柱25，将退丝扭矩直接传递给径向有窝的离合浮动件8或轴向有窝的离合浮动件9，退丝扭矩不再通过 滑动离合钢球5或滚动离合钢球6来传递。
径向有窝的离合浮动件8或轴向有窝的离合浮动件9，平面上的螺丝孔里，有偏角浮动弹簧20和螺丝，通过螺丝调节偏角浮动弹簧20，与径向浮动件11、滚动件12、定位件13、钢球19、刀柄1相连时，接触力的大小，以刀柄1内圆上的凹窝为中心定位基准，保证定位件13的垂直度和同心度，同时又能让定位件13有径向或偏角浮动的空间。
径向有窝的离合浮动件8或轴向有窝的离合浮动件9，平面上有保持架22，保持架上有钢球23，与滚动块26活动相连，在攻丝“打滑”时，可以滚动摩擦避免滑动摩擦，提高离合灵敏度。
径向有窝的离合浮动件8或轴向有窝的离合浮动件9，既是离合又是浮动部件，它使两种不同功能的机构混合在一起，成为不可分割的一个部分，不仅结构变简单，而且也容易控制夹头在旋转时不摇摆。
径向有窝的离合浮动件8或轴向有窝的离合浮动件9，平面上的滚动槽，将扭矩通过滚动槽里的滚动件10传递到径向浮动件11，滚动件12与定位件13外圆上的滚动槽相连，于是扭矩通过滚动件12传递到定位件13。
径向浮动件11是一个普通型十字联轴器，上下平面有X、Y向台阶，通过滚动件10和12的径向浮动，消除丝攻与螺纹底孔的径向偏差，减少丝攻摩擦降低磨损，攻丝或铰孔时，孔径和光洁度才能得到保证。
定位件13的外圆有恒力螺丝孔，孔里有螺丝、弹簧和锥度柱等恒力装置，旋转螺丝，增大或减小锥度柱的径向力，来恒定夹头攻丝时的初始轴向压力，确保攻丝深度一致性。
夹头15在定位件13的内圆里，夹头15的外圆和定位件13的内圆都有长形槽，槽里有钢球14或轴向浮动弹簧21，钢球14和轴向浮动弹簧21也可装在一个槽内，当丝攻过载“打滑”不转动，或主轴向下移动与螺距不同步时，夹头15此时可在定位件13的内孔轴向浮动，轴向浮动弹簧21此时受到压缩，从而消除了主轴对丝攻产生的直接轴向压力，当主轴向上退丝与丝攻螺距不同步时，轴向浮动弹簧21也会受到压缩，消除主轴对丝攻产生直接的轴向拉力，轴向压力或拉力消除后，轴向浮动弹簧21自动复位。
定位件13平面上有一圈凹窝，凹窝通过保持架18里的钢球19，与刀柄1内平面一圈凹窝活动相连，以刀柄1为基准，起中心定位的作用，保 证丝攻在转动时不摇摆，攻丝时能浮动，有了同心度和垂直度的定位，径向浮动和偏角浮动才不会使夹头摇摆，台阶形工件攻丝时夹头15才可以延长。
定位件13内圆下部有挡块27，防止钢球14或轴向浮动弹簧21掉落。
定位件13通过钢球14将扭矩传递到夹头15，带动丝攻或铰刀旋转，铰孔时只需调大离合扭矩即可。
硬材料攻丝时，当遇到负荷超过限定的扭矩时，丝攻通过“打滑”起动保护，主轴旋转而丝攻不转，退丝时，丝攻随主轴旋转退丝，如此反复几次攻丝退丝，分次攻丝到位。
本攻丝刀柄的技术特征不仅适用于攻丝和铰孔，也可适用于机器人螺纹装配等工作，本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容中直接导出或联想到的替换，均应认为是本发明相同或等同的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种能保证丝攻安全和耐用的攻丝刀柄，其特征是，所述的攻丝刀柄，主要由综合浮动机构和安全离合机构混合组成。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的攻丝刀柄，其特征是，所述的综合浮动机构与安全离合机构；主要有刀柄(1)、滚动钢球(2)、轴向有窝的滚动离合件(4)、滚动离合钢球(6)、保持架(7)、轴向有窝的离合浮动件(9)、滚动件(10)、径向浮动件(11)、滚动件(12)、定位件(13)、滚动钢球(14)、夹头(15)、扭矩调节螺母(16)、弹簧(17)、轴向浮动弹簧(21)；刀柄(1)与轴向有窝的滚动离合件(4)通过滚动钢球(2)活动相连，轴向有窝的滚动离合件(4)与轴向有窝的离合浮动件(9)通过滚动离合钢球(6)活动相连，离合钢球(6)上有保持架(7)，轴向有窝的离合浮动件(9)与径向浮动件(11)通过滚动件(10)活动相连，径向浮动件(11)与定位件(13)通过滚动件(12)活动相连，定位件(13)与夹头(15)通过滚动钢球(14)活动相连。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的攻丝刀柄，其特征是，所述的综合浮动机构与安全离合机构；主要有刀柄(1)、滚动钢球(2)、有斜槽的滑动离合件(3)、滑动离合钢球(5)、径向有窝的离合浮动件(8)、滚动件(10)、径向浮动件(11)、滚动件(12)、定位件(13)、滚动钢球(14)、夹头(15)、扭矩调节螺母(16)、弹簧(17)、轴向浮动弹簧(21)；刀柄(1)与有斜槽的滑动离合件(3)通过滚动钢球(2)活动相连，有斜槽的滑动离合件(3)与径向有窝的离合浮动件(8)通过滑动离合钢球(5)活动相连，径向有窝的离合浮动件(8)与径向浮动件(11)通过滚动件(10)活动相连，径向浮动件(11)与定位件(13)通过滚动件(12)活动相连，定位件(13)与夹头(15)通过滚动钢球(14)活动相连。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的攻丝刀柄，其特征是，所述的刀柄(1)，外圆有扭矩调节螺纹，内圆有滚动钢球(2)的滚动槽，平面有一圈凹窝。
  5. 根据权利要求2或3所述的攻丝刀柄，其特征是，所述的轴向有窝的滚动离合件(4)或有斜槽的滑动离合件(3)，外圆有滚动钢球(2)的滚动槽，轴向有窝的滚动离合件(4)是平面有窝，有斜槽的滑动离合件(3)是平面有斜槽。
  6. 根据权利要求2或3所述的攻丝刀柄，其特征是，所述的轴向有窝的离合浮动件(9)或径向有窝的离合浮动件(8)，平面有偏角浮动弹簧(20)孔、滚动件(10)的滚动槽、轴向有窝的离合浮动件(9)是平面有窝，径向有窝的离 合浮动件(8)是外圆有窝。
  7. 根据权利要求2或3所述的攻丝刀柄，其特征是，所述的径向浮动件(11)，上下平面有X、Y向台阶。
  8. 根据权利要求2或3所述的攻丝刀柄，其特征是，所述的定位件(13)，平面上有一圈凹窝，通过保持架(18)上的钢球(19)，与刀柄(1)平面上的凹窝活动相连，外圆有滚动件(12)的滚动槽，内圆里有长形槽。
  9. 根据权利要求2或3所述的攻丝刀柄，其特征是，所述的夹头(15)，装在定位件(13)的内圆里，外圆有长形槽。
  10. 根据权利要求2或3所述的攻丝刀柄，其特征是，所述的扭矩调节螺母(16)与刀柄(1)外螺纹相连，平面有定位螺丝孔
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