WO2018205729A1 - 基于零知识证明的区块链数据处理 - Google Patents

基于零知识证明的区块链数据处理 Download PDF

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WO2018205729A1
WO2018205729A1 PCT/CN2018/078516 CN2018078516W WO2018205729A1 WO 2018205729 A1 WO2018205729 A1 WO 2018205729A1 CN 2018078516 W CN2018078516 W CN 2018078516W WO 2018205729 A1 WO2018205729 A1 WO 2018205729A1
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data
validity
evaluation
evaluation model
smart contract
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PCT/CN2018/078516
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English (en)
French (fr)
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毕鹏
程司雷
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上海点融信息科技有限责任公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/382—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction
    • G06Q20/3825—Use of electronic signatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/40—Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
    • G06Q20/405—Establishing or using transaction specific rules

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  • Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of data processing, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for blockchain data processing based on zero-knowledge proof.
  • a blockchain is a decentralized storage and computational technique that generates persistent, unmodifiable records by superimposing encrypted blocks of data in chronological order and stores them in nodes of the blockchain network. This allows a reliable database to be maintained collectively in a decentralized manner. Each data block contains system data for a certain period of time, and a data fingerprint is generated to verify the validity of its information and to link to the next database block. Therefore, the blockchain has technical advantages in data tamper resistance, transparency, and decentralization.
  • Zero-knowledge proof means that the prover can believe that a certain assertion is correct without providing any useful information to the verifier.
  • a zero-knowledge proof is essentially an agreement involving two or more parties, a series of steps required by two or more parties to complete a task.
  • the certifier proves to the verifier and believes that he or she knows or owns a message, but the attestation process cannot disclose any information about the certified message to the verifier. Therefore, zero-knowledge proof can provide credible proof results on the basis of privacy protection.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure propose a method and apparatus for blockchain data processing based on zero-knowledge proof.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure verify the validity of data by using a zero-knowledge-based smart contract in a blockchain network, enabling data consumers to obtain a credible proof of data validity while the data provider can prevent the proof process Data leakage, which effectively improves the efficiency of data processing and sharing.
  • a blockchain data processing method based on zero-knowledge proof includes obtaining, by a first device, data from a second device over a blockchain network, wherein the first device runs a smart contract based on zero knowledge proof.
  • the method also includes verifying the validity of the data by the first device using a plurality of evaluation models, respectively.
  • the method also includes transmitting data to the third device associated with the evaluation model, wherein the first device, the second device, and the third device are responsive to verifying that the data is valid using one of the plurality of evaluation models
  • a device is a node in a blockchain network.
  • an electronic device is provided.
  • the electronic device is a first device and includes a processor and a memory coupled to the processor and storing instructions.
  • the instructions when executed by the processor, cause the electronic device to perform the following actions: obtaining data from the second device over the blockchain network, wherein the first device runs a smart contract based on zero-knowledge proof; verifying the data using a plurality of evaluation models, respectively Validity; in response to validating the data using one of the plurality of evaluation models, transmitting data to a third device associated with the evaluation model, wherein the first device, the second device, and the third device are blockchains A node in the network.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a computer readable storage medium.
  • the computer readable storage medium has computer readable program instructions stored thereon. These computer-executable instructions, when executed in a device, cause the device to perform the methods or processes described in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an architecture of a zero-knowledge proof based blockchain network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart of a block knowledge data based blockchain data processing method in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of a method for verifying the validity of data in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of a process of zero-knowledge proof based blockchain data processing in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an apparatus that can be used to implement embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • each block of the flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, a program segment, or a portion of code, which may include one or more for implementing various embodiments. Executable instructions for the specified logical functions. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may also occur in a different order than that illustrated in the drawings. For example, two blocks shown in succession may in fact be executed substantially in parallel, or they can sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.
  • each block of the flowcharts and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowcharts and/or block diagrams can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified functions or operations. Or can be implemented using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.
  • some entities or users may need to share some data, for example, one entity can collect some data, and all data can be shared with another entity, and another entity filters all data through its own evaluation model. Valid data useful for it.
  • data sharing fees are typically not charged based on the actual screening results of another entity. This causes another entity to only need to use valid data from all the data, but it needs to get or purchase all the data for this purpose. That is to say, another entity pays a lot for invalid data. Therefore, the traditional data sharing mechanism makes the entity pay a lot of cost for invalid data, and the degree of intelligence is low.
  • One improvement to the traditional approach is the cooperation between the two entities, however this requires better business coupling, higher cost and less scalability.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure propose a method and apparatus for blockchain data processing based on zero-knowledge proof.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure verify the validity of data by using a zero-knowledge-based smart contract in a blockchain network, enabling data consumers to obtain a credible proof of data validity while the data provider can prevent the proof process Data leakage, which effectively improves the efficiency of data processing and sharing.
  • the data consumer only pays for valid data that is useful for it, and the data validity certification process is based on a zero-knowledge proof and thus does not reveal any information.
  • the smart contract runs on the decentralized blockchain network, the transaction mode for the pre-verification payment of the data can be realized, thereby effectively ensuring the interests of all parties to the transaction. Exemplary methods and apparatus of embodiments of the present disclosure are described below with reference to the drawings.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an architecture 100 of a zero-knowledge proof based blockchain network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • architecture 100 includes blockchain nodes 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170.
  • Each of the blockchain nodes 110-170 can be a computing device, which can be a server or user device (eg, a mobile device such as a smart phone, tablet, laptop, etc., or a stationary device, such as a desktop computer).
  • a server or user device eg, a mobile device such as a smart phone, tablet, laptop, etc., or a stationary device, such as a desktop computer.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an architecture 100 of a zero-knowledge proof based blockchain network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • architecture 100 includes blockchain nodes 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170.
  • Each of the blockchain nodes 110-170 can be a computing device, which can be a server or
  • the blockchain nodes 110-170 in the blockchain network synchronize data blocks between the networks.
  • the network can be any wired and/or wireless network.
  • the network may include, but is not limited to, the Internet, a wide area network, a metropolitan area network, a local area network, a virtual private network (VPN) network, a wireless communication network, and the like.
  • VPN virtual private network
  • blockchain node 140 can include smart contract 142.
  • a smart contract is a set of commitments defined in digital form, including protocols on which contract participants can execute these commitments, such as a smart contract that can be a computer program that performs a particular function in a blockchain network node.
  • the smart contract 142 can obtain the data and call the evaluation model to verify the validity of the data, and then process the data according to the verification result.
  • smart contract 142 is a zero-knowledge-based smart contract that enables a verifier to believe that a certain assertion is correct without providing any useful information to the verifier.
  • the blockchain node 120 sends some data to the blockchain node 140.
  • the blockchain node 140 determines that the data is valid for the blockchain node 160 by evaluation, and the blockchain node 140 can notify the blockchain node.
  • the result of the verification is 160 without providing any other useful information, and the blockchain node 120 also believes in the authenticity of this verification result.
  • the blockchain node 140 also includes a plurality of evaluation models 145, 146, and 147, each of which is provided by an entity or organization, which is a program designed by the entity or organization using its own evaluation rules.
  • the evaluation model 145 can be provided by the blockchain node 150, which is a set of evaluation models designed by the blockchain node 150 according to its own validation rules.
  • the evaluation model 146 can be provided, for example, by the blockchain node 160, which can be provided, for example, by the blockchain node 170.
  • the blockchain node 140 may also include more or fewer evaluation models.
  • the blockchain network synchronizes data across multiple nodes, thus avoiding the possibility of centralized node cheating. It should be understood that only the smart contracts and evaluation models included in the blockchain node 140 are shown for simplicity, however, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the same smart contract and evaluation model may exist on other blockchain nodes as well.
  • blockchain node 120 can generate data and then synchronize the data into the blockchain network.
  • the blockchain node 140 in the blockchain network may use the zero-knowledge proof-based smart contract 142 to verify the validity of the data, for example, using the evaluation models 145-147 to verify the data separately. If a measurement model verifies that the data is valid, the data can be sent to the corresponding blockchain node or device. Throughout the verification process, the data consumer is able to obtain a credible proof of the validity of the data, while the data provider is able to prevent data leakage during the certification process. That is, a smart contract can be thought of as a black box operator that runs on all blockchain nodes, so that a single blockchain node cannot interfere with execution and tamper with execution results.
  • the supervisory authority may dock the blockchain network to become a blockchain node in the blockchain network.
  • the device of the supervisory department may be the blockchain node 110, and then the blockchain network may be obtained. All data to perform regulatory duties.
  • the blockchain network supports node automatic data synchronization, that is, any node in the blockchain network can obtain a complete data backup on the blockchain.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a flow diagram of a block knowledge data based blockchain data processing method 200 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. It should be understood that method 200 can be performed, for example, by the blockchain node (e.g., blockchain node 140) described above with reference to FIG.
  • blockchain node e.g., blockchain node 140
  • data is obtained from the second device by the first device over the blockchain network.
  • the first device may be the blockchain node 140 shown in FIG. 1
  • the second device may be the blockchain node 120 shown in FIG. 1
  • the blockchain node 140 is obtained through the blockchain network.
  • the data generated by the blockchain node 120 For example, when a blockchain node (ie, a data provider) generates new data, it can synchronize the data to smart contracts on all blockchain nodes.
  • the data is, for example, user data that has been standardized converted, for example, the data may be loan application data, which may include the user's career information, education level, income level, and loan information, and the like.
  • the data may also include information of the data provider, such as the identity of the data provider and account information, and the like.
  • a plurality of evaluation models are used by the first device to verify the validity of the data.
  • smart contract 142 in blockchain node 140 broadcasts data to evaluation models 145-147 to verify the validity of the obtained data, respectively.
  • each evaluation model may determine a score for the data based on its own rules, and since different evaluation models use rules formulated by different entities, the scores of the data in different evaluation models may be different.
  • Each evaluation model may also have a predetermined threshold and only validate the data if the determined score is greater than a predetermined threshold.
  • each evaluation model verifies whether the data is valid. If the evaluation model verification data is valid, the complete content of the data is sent to the blockchain node that provides the evaluation model; if the evaluation model verification data is invalid, then in the evaluation model Data is deleted without providing data to the corresponding blockchain node, and thus does not cause data leakage.
  • multiple evaluation models are registered in the smart contract, and the smart contract can provide a list of multiple evaluation models.
  • the administrator or management device of the blockchain network can register a new evaluation model in the smart contract, for example, when adding a new blockchain node, a new evaluation model associated with the new blockchain node can be registered, in addition You can also delete or replace an existing evaluation model in a smart contract. The new data can then be validated using the evaluation model in the updated list.
  • the data provider can select which data consumers the data can be shared with, which can select one or more evaluation models from a list of multiple evaluation models, and then the smart contracts on each blockchain node ( For example, the smart contract 140) uses the selected one or more evaluation models to verify the validity of the data.
  • a zero-knowledge proof based blockchain data processing method may be used to make the loan
  • the application data is submitted to the blockchain network, and then the smart contract uses multiple evaluation models of other financial institutions to verify whether the data meets the standards. If the evaluation model of the financial institution B determines that the loan application data meets its criteria, the loan application data is transmitted to the financial institution B, and the financial institution B pays a certain fee to the financial institution A for this purpose. If the evaluation model of financial institution C determines that the loan application data does not meet its criteria, the loan application data will not be sent to financial institution C, and financial institution C does not need to pay any fee for this.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure enable data sharing on demand. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present disclosure are also applicable to data sharing and exchange between other entities or institutions, such as real estate agents.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of a method 300 for verifying the validity of data in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. It should be understood that method 300 can be performed, for example, by the blockchain node (e.g., blockchain node 140) described above with respect to FIG. It should be understood that acts 304-308 may be example implementations of act 206 described above with respect to FIG. 2.
  • blockchain node e.g., blockchain node 140
  • acts 304-308 may be example implementations of act 206 described above with respect to FIG. 2.
  • a certain evaluation model is used to verify the validity of the data.
  • a transaction record for the data is created in the smart contract and a data consumption transaction is recorded in each node in the blockchain network. For example, the data provider submits data to the blockchain network, and if the data consumer's evaluation model verifies that the data is valid for it, the data is sent to the data consumer, and the data consumer needs to provide the data for this purpose. The person pays a fee. If the data consumer's evaluation model verifies that the data is invalid for it, the data consumer does not get any details about the data and does not have to pay any cost or expense for the data. If the verification data is invalid at 304, the data is deleted in the evaluation model at 310, thereby avoiding data leakage.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of a process 400 for blockchain data processing based on zero-knowledge proof, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. It should be understood that to avoid confusion, only the act of verifying data validity using the smart contract and evaluation model on the blockchain node 140 is shown, however, on other blockchain nodes (eg, blockchain nodes 120, 160) And 170), these actions can also be performed simultaneously.
  • blockchain node 120 (e.g., as a data provider) generates first data and provides first data to blockchain node 140.
  • blockchain node 140 uses a plurality of evaluation models to verify the validity of the first data, respectively. Since the evaluation model provided by the blockchain node 160 (e.g., as a data consumer) verifies that the first data is valid, the first data is transmitted to the blockchain node 160 at 406. At 408, after all of the evaluation models have performed the evaluation process, the blockchain node 140 node records the first processing result for the first data.
  • blockchain node 160 (eg, as a data provider) generates second data and provides second data to blockchain node 140.
  • blockchain node 140 uses a plurality of evaluation models to verify the validity of the second data, respectively. Since the evaluation model provided by blockchain node 170 (e.g., as a data consumer) and the evaluation model provided by blockchain node 120 (e.g., as a data consumer) verify that the second data is valid, then block 414 Chain node 170 transmits the second data and transmits the second data to blockchain node 120 at 416. At 418, after all of the evaluation models have performed the evaluation process, the blockchain node 140 node records a second processing result for the second data.
  • process 400 for the first data, only blockchain node 160 verifies that it is valid, and thus the data is only sent to blockchain node 160; and for the second data, blockchain nodes 120 and 170 verify that they are valid, Thus data is sent to blockchain nodes 120 and 170 simultaneously.
  • nodes in the blockchain network e.g., blockchain node 120
  • the device can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.
  • the hardware portion can be implemented using dedicated logic; the software portion can be stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or dedicated design hardware.
  • a suitable instruction execution system such as a microprocessor or dedicated design hardware.
  • processor control code such as in a programmable memory such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk carrier medium, or a read only memory.
  • a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier.
  • the apparatus and apparatus of embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented not only by hardware such as very large scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, etc., or programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, and the like.
  • the circuit implementation can also be implemented by, for example, software executed by various types of processors, or by a combination of the above hardware circuits and software.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an electronic device 500 that can be used to implement embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • electronic device 500 can be implemented as any of the blockchain nodes described in FIG.
  • device 500 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 501 (eg, a processor) that can be loaded into random access memory from computer program instructions stored in read only memory (ROM) 502 or from storage unit 508 ( Computer program instructions in RAM 503 to perform various appropriate actions and processes. In the RAM 503, various programs and data required for the operation of the device 500 can also be stored.
  • the CPU 501, the ROM 502, and the RAM 503 are connected to each other through a bus 504.
  • An input/output (I/O) interface 505 is also coupled to bus 504.
  • I/O input/output
  • a plurality of components in device 500 are coupled to I/O interface 505, including: input unit 506, such as a keyboard, mouse, etc.; output unit 507, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; storage unit 508, such as a magnetic disk, optical disk, etc. And a communication unit 509 such as a network card, a modem, a wireless communication transceiver, or the like. Communication unit 509 allows device 500 to exchange information/data with other devices over a computer network such as the Internet and/or various telecommunication networks.
  • methods 200 and 300 may be performed by processing unit 501.
  • methods 200 and 300 can be implemented as a computer software program that is tangibly embodied in a machine readable medium, such as storage unit 508.
  • some or all of the computer program may be loaded and/or installed onto device 500 via ROM 502 and/or communication unit 509.
  • a computer program is loaded into RAM 503 and executed by CPU 501, one or more of the acts or steps of methods 200 and 300 described above may be performed.
  • the computer program product can include a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program instructions for performing various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can hold and store the instructions used by the instruction execution device.
  • the computer readable storage medium can be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
  • Non-exhaustive list of computer readable storage media include: portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM) Or flash memory), static random access memory (SRAM), portable compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD), memory stick, floppy disk, mechanical encoding device, for example, with instructions stored thereon A raised structure in the hole card or groove, and any suitable combination of the above.
  • a computer readable storage medium as used herein is not to be interpreted as a transient signal itself, such as a radio wave or other freely propagating electromagnetic wave, an electromagnetic wave propagating through a waveguide or other transmission medium (eg, a light pulse through a fiber optic cable), or through a wire The electrical signal transmitted.
  • the computer readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded from a computer readable storage medium to various computing/processing devices or downloaded to an external computer or external storage device over a network, such as the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network, and/or a wireless network.
  • the network may include copper transmission cables, fiber optic transmissions, wireless transmissions, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and/or edge servers.
  • a network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium in each computing/processing device .
  • Computer program instructions for performing the operations of the present disclosure may be assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine related instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state setting data, or in one or more programming languages.
  • Source code or object code written in any combination including an object oriented programming language - such as C++, and conventional procedural programming languages - such as the "C" language or similar programming language.
  • the computer readable program instructions can execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer, partly on the remote computer, or entirely on the remote computer or server. carried out.
  • the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer via any kind of network, including a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN), or can be connected to an external computer (eg, using an Internet service provider to access the Internet) connection).
  • the customized electronic circuit such as a programmable logic circuit, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or a programmable logic array (PLA), can be customized by utilizing state information of computer readable program instructions.
  • Computer readable program instructions are executed to implement various aspects of the present disclosure.

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Abstract

本公开内容涉及基于零知识证明的区块链数据处理方法和设备。该方法包括由第一设备通过区块链网络从第二设备获得数据，其中第一设备运行基于零知识证明的智能合约。该方法还包括由第一设备分别使用多个评测模型来验证数据的有效性。该方法还包括：响应于使用多个评测模型中的一个评测模型验证数据有效，由第一设备向与该评测模型相关联的第三设备发送数据，其中第一设备、第二设备以及第三设备是区块链网络中的节点。因此，本公开的实施例通过在区块链网络中使用基于零知识证明的智能合约来验证数据的有效性，使得数据消费者能够获得数据有效性的可信证明，同时数据提供者能够防止证明过程中的数据泄露，由此有效提高了数据处理和共享的效率。

Description

基于零知识证明的区块链数据处理 技术领域
本公开的实施例总体上涉及数据处理领域，更具体地涉及基于零知识证明的区块链数据处理的方法和设备。
背景技术
区块链是一种去中心化的存储和计算技术，其通过将加密数据块按照时间顺序叠加而生成的持久的不可修改的记录，并且将计入存储在区块链网络的各个节点中，使得以去中心化的方式集体维护一个可靠数据库。每个数据块中包含了一定时间内的系统数据，并且生成数据指纹用于验证其信息的有效性和链接下一个数据库块。因此，区块链在数据防篡改、透明性以及去中心化方面具有技术优势。
零知识证明是指证明者能够在不向验证者提供任何有用的信息的情况下，使验证者相信某个论断是正确的。零知识证明实质上是一种涉及两方或更多方的协议，即两方或更多方完成一项任务所需采取的一系列步骤。证明者向验证者证明并使其相信自己知道或拥有某一消息，但证明过程不能向验证者泄漏任何关于被证明消息的信息。因此，零知识证明能够在保护隐私的基础上提供可信证明结果。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本公开的实施例提出了一种基于零知识证明的区块链数据处理的方法和设备。本公开的实施例通过在区块链网络中使用基于零知识证明的智能合约来验证数据的有效性，使得数据消费者能够获得数据有效性的可信证明，同时数据提供者能够防止证明过程中的数据泄露，由此有效提高了数据处理和共享的效率。
根据本公开的第一方面，提供了一种基于零知识证明的区块链数据处理方法。该方法包括由第一设备通过区块链网络从第二设备获得数据，其中第一设备运行基于零知识证明的智能合约。该方法还包括由第一设备分别使用多个评测模型来验证数据的有效性。该方法还包括：响应于使用多 个评测模型中的一个评测模型验证数据有效，由第一设备向与该评测模型相关联的第三设备发送数据，其中第一设备、第二设备以及第三设备是区块链网络中的节点。
根据本公开的第二方面，提供了一种电子设备。该电子设备是第一设备并且包括处理器和耦合至处理器并且存储有指令的存储器。所述指令在由处理器执行时使得电子设备执行以下动作：通过区块链网络从第二设备获得数据，其中第一设备运行基于零知识证明的智能合约；分别使用多个评测模型来验证数据的有效性；响应于使用多个评测模型中的一个评测模型验证数据有效，向与该评测模型相关联的第三设备发送数据，其中第一设备、第二设备以及第三设备是区块链网络中的节点。
根据本公开的第三方面，本公开的实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质。该计算机可读存储介质具有存储在其上的计算机可读程序指令。这些计算机可执行指令在设备中运行时使得该设备执行根据本公开中的各个实施例所描述的方法或过程。
附图说明
结合附图并参考以下详细说明，本公开的各实施例的特征、优点及其他方面将变得更加明显，在此以示例性而非限制性的方式示出了本公开的若干实施例，在附图中：
图1图示了根据本公开的实施例的基于零知识证明的区块链网络的架构的示意图；
图2图示了根据本公开的实施例的基于零知识证明的区块链数据处理方法的流程图；
图3图示了根据本公开的实施例的用于验证数据的有效性的方法的示意图；
图4图示了根据本公开的实施例的基于零知识证明的区块链数据处理的过程的示意图；以及
图5图示了可以用来实施本公开的实施例的设备的示意性框图。
具体实施方式
以下参考附图详细描述本公开的各个示例性实施例。附图中的流程图和框图示出了根据本公开的各种实施例的方法和系统的可能实现的体系架构、功能和操作。应当注意，流程图或框图中的每个方框可以代表一个模块、程序段、或代码的一部分，所述模块、程序段、或代码的一部分可以包括一个或多个用于实现各个实施例中所规定的逻辑功能的可执行指令。也应当注意，在有些作为备选的实现中，方框中所标注的功能也可以按照不同于附图中所标注的顺序发生。例如，两个接连地表示的方框实际上可以基本并行地执行，或者它们有时也可以按照相反的顺序执行，这取决于所涉及的功能。同样应当注意的是，流程图和/或框图中的每个方框、以及流程图和/或框图中的方框的组合，可以使用执行规定的功能或操作的专用的基于硬件的系统来实现，或者可以使用专用硬件与计算机指令的组合来实现。
本文所使用的术语"包括"、"包含"及类似术语应该被理解为是开放性的术语，即"包括/包含但不限于"，表示还可以包括其他内容。在本公开内容中，术语"基于"是"至少部分地基于"；术语"一个实施例"表示"至少一个实施例"；术语"另一实施例"表示"至少一个另外的实施例"。
应当理解，给出这些示例性实施例仅是为了使本领域技术人员能够更好地理解进而实现本公开的实施例，而并非以任何方式限制发明的范围。
传统地，不同实体或用户之间可能需要共享一些数据，例如，一个实体可以收集一些数据，并且可以将所有数据与另一实体共享，另一实体通过其自身的评测模型来从所有数据中筛选对其有用的有效数据。然而，由于实体之间的互相不信任，通常不会根据另一实体的实际筛选结果来收取数据共享费用。这就造成另一实体可能仅需要使用所有数据中的有效数据，但其却为此需要获得或购买所有数据。也就是说，另一实体为大量的无效数据付出了成本。因此，传统的数据共享机制使得实体为无效数据付出了大量成本，智能化程度较低。针对传统方式的一个改进是两个实体之间开展合作，然而这需要较好的业务耦合，成本较高并且可扩展性较差。
本公开的实施例提出了一种基于零知识证明的区块链数据处理的方法和设备。本公开的实施例通过在区块链网络中使用基于零知识证明的智能合约来验证数据的有效性，使得数据消费者能够获得数据有效性的可信证 明，同时数据提供者能够防止证明过程中的数据泄露，由此有效提高了数据处理和共享的效率。根据本公开的实施例，数据消费者仅对其有用的有效数据进行付费，数据有效性证明过程基于零知识证明，因而不会泄露任何信息。此外，由于智能合约运行在去中心化的区块链网络上，因而能够实现对于数据的先验证后支付的交易模式，由此有效保证了交易各方的利益。以下参考附图描述了本公开的实施例示例性方法和设备。
图1图示了根据本公开的实施例的基于零知识证明的区块链网络的架构100的示意图。如图1所示，架构100包括区块链节点110、120、130、140、150、160以及170。区块链节点110-170中的每个节点可以为计算设备，计算设备可以为服务器或者用户设备(例如移动设备，诸如智能手机、平板电脑、便携式计算机等，或固定设备，诸如台式计算机)。本领域技术人员应当理解，虽然图1中示出了区块链网络中的一些区块链节点，但是其也可以包括更多或更少的区块链节点。
在一些实施例中，区块链网络中的区块链节点110-170之间通过网络同步数据块。网络可以是任何有线和/或无线网络。可选地，该网络可以包括但不限于因特网、广域网、城域网、局域网、虚拟专用网络(VPN)网络、无线通信网络，等等。
如图1所示，区块链节点140可以包括智能合约142。如本文所使用的，智能合约是指一套以数字形式定义的承诺，包括合约参与方可以在上面执行这些承诺的协议，例如智能合约可以为区块链网络节点中执行特定功能的计算机程序。智能合约142可以获得数据，并且调用评测模型来验证数据的有效性，然后根据验证结果来对数据进行相应处理。
根据本公开的实施例，智能合约142是基于零知识证明的智能合约，其能够在不向验证者提供任何有用的信息的情况下，使验证者相信某个论断是正确的。例如，区块链节点120向区块链节点140发送某一数据，区块链节点140通过评测确定该数据对区块链节点160是有效的，则区块链节点140可以通知区块链节点160验证结果，而不用提供任何其他有用信息，同时，区块链节点120也会相信这个验证结果的真实性。
如图1所示，区块链节点140还包括多个评测模型145、146和147，每个评测模型由一个实体或组织提供，其是该实体或组织利用其自身的评测规则而设计的程序模块，其能够对获得的数据进行有效性验证，以用于 确定是否需要该数据。作为示例，评测模型145可以由区块链节点150提供，其是区块链节点150根据自身的验证规则而设计的一套评测模型。同样地，评测模型146可以例如由区块链节点160提供，评测模型147可以例如由区块链节点170提供。本领域技术人员应当理解，虽然区块链节点140中示出了三个评测模型，但是其也可以包括更多或更少的评测模型。
区块链网络在多个节点上同步数据，因而能够避免中心化节点作弊的可能。应当理解，为了简洁仅示出了区块链节点140中所包括的智能合约和评测模型，然而，本领域技术人员应当理解其他区块链节点上也可以存在相同的智能合约和评测模型。
在一些实施例中，区块链节点120作为数据提供者可以产生数据，然后将数据同步到区块链网络中。区块链网络中的区块链节点140可以使用基于零知识证明的智能合约142来验证该数据的有效性，例如，使用评测模型145-147来分别验证该数据。如果某个评测模型验证该数据有效，则可以将该数据发送到对应的区块链节点或设备。在整个验证过程中，数据消费者能够获得数据有效性的可信证明，同时数据提供者能够防止证明过程中的数据泄露。也就是说，智能合约可以被视为一个黑盒运算器，其在所有区块链节点上运行，使得单个区块链节点无法干扰执行并且篡改执行结果。
在一些实施例中，监管部门可以对接区块链网络，成为区块链网络中的一个区块链节点，例如监管部门的设备可以是区块链节点110，则其可以获得区块链网络中的所有数据，从而履行监管职责。区块链网络支持节点自动数据同步，也就是说，区块链网络中的任何节点都可以获得区块链上完整的数据备份。
图2图示了根据本公开的实施例的基于零知识证明的区块链数据处理方法200的流程图。应当理解，方法200例如可以由以上参考图1所描述的区块链节点(例如区块链节点140)所执行。
在202，由第一设备通过区块链网络从第二设备获得数据。例如，第一设备可以为图1中所示出的区块链节点140，第二设备可以为图1中所示出的区块链节点120，区块链节点140通过区块链网络获得由区块链节点120产生的数据。例如，当某个区块链节点(即数据提供者)产生新的数据之后，其可以将数据同步到所有的区块链节点上的智能合约。数据例如为 经标准化转换的用户数据，例如数据可以为贷款申请数据，其可以包括用户的职业信息、教育水平、收入水平以及借贷信息，等等。在一些实施例中，数据中还可以包括数据提供者的信息，例如数据提供者的身份和账户信息等。
在204，由第一设备使用多个评测模型来验证数据的有效性。例如，区块链节点140中的智能合约142将数据广播给评测模型145-147以分别验证所获得的数据的有效性。在一些实施例中，每个评测模型可以基于其自身规则来确定数据的得分，由于不同评测模型使用由不同实体制定的规则，所以数据在不同评测模型中的得分可能不同。每个评测模型还可以具有预定阈值，并且仅当所确定的得分大于预定阈值时，才认定该数据有效。
在206，响应于使用多个评测模型中的一个评测模型验证数据有效，由第一设备向与该评测模型相关联的第三设备发送数据，其中第一设备、第二设备以及第三设备是区块链网络中的节点，第三设备可以为图1中所示出的区块链节点160。例如，每个评测模型都验证数据是否有效，如果评测模型验证数据有效，则向提供该评测模型的区块链节点发送数据的完整内容；如果该评测模型验证数据无效，则在该评测模型中删除数据，而无需向对应的区块链节点提供数据，因而不会造成数据的泄露。
在一些实施例中，多个评测模型在智能合约中被注册，并且智能合约可以提供多个评测模型的列表。区块链网络的管理员或管理设备可以在智能合约中注册新的评测模型，例如，当添加新的区块链节点，可以注册与新的区块链节点相关联的新的评测模型，此外，也可以在智能合约中删除或者替换已有的评测模型。然后，可以使用更新后的列表中的评测模型来验证新的数据。
在一些实施例中，数据提供者可以选择数据可以被共享给哪些数据消费者，其可以从多个评测模型的列表中选择一个或多个评测模型，然后各个区块链节点上的智能合约(例如智能合约140)使用所选择的一个或多个评测模型来验证该数据的有效性。
在一些实施例中，例如，当金融机构A收到贷款申请不符合其自身条件的贷款申请数据时，可以使用根据本公开的实施例的基于零知识证明的区块链数据处理方法，将贷款申请数据提交区块链网络中，然后智能合约分别使用其他金融机构的多个评测模型来验证数据是否符合标准。如果金 融机构B的评测模型认定该贷款申请数据符合其标准，则向金融机构B发送该贷款申请数据，并且金融机构B为此向金融机构A支付一定费用。如果金融机构C的评测模型认定该贷款申请数据不符合其标准，则不会向金融机构C发送该贷款申请数据，金融机构C也不需要为此支付任何费用。因此，本公开的实施例能够实现数据按需共享付费。本领域技术人员应当理解，本公开的实施例还适用于其他实体或机构(例如房产中介)之间的数据共享和交换。
图3图示了根据本公开的实施例的用于验证数据的有效性的方法300的示意图。应当理解，方法300例如可以由以上参考图1所描述的区块链节点(例如区块链节点140)所执行。应当理解，动作304-308可以为以上参考图2所描述的动作206的示例实现方式。
在302，使用某个评测模型来验证数据的有效性。在304，判断数据是否被验证有效。如果有效，则在306向相应的数据消费者发送数据。在308，在智能合约中建立该数据的交易记录，并且在区块链网络中的每个节点中记录数据消费交易。例如，数据提供者向区块链网络提交数据，如果数据消费者的评测模型验证该数据对其而言是有效的，则数据被发送到该数据消费者，数据消费者为此需要向数据提供者付出一定费用。如果数据消费者的评测模型验证该数据对其而言是无效的，则数据消费者不会获得关于该数据的任何细节，也无需为该数据付出任何成本或费用。如果在304验证数据无效，则在310在评测模型中删除数据，由此避免了数据泄露。
图4图示了根据本公开的实施例的基于零知识证明的区块链数据处理的过程400的示意图。应该理解，为了避免混淆，仅示出了在区块链节点140上利用智能合约和评测模型来验证数据有效性的动作，然而，在其他区块链节点上(例如区块链节点120、160以及170)，同样可以同步执行这些动作。
在402，区块链节点120(例如，作为数据提供者)产生第一数据并且向区块链节点140提供第一数据。在404，区块链节点140分别使用多个评测模型来验证第一数据的有效性。由于由区块链节点160(例如，作为数据消费者)提供的评测模型验证第一数据有效，则在406向区块链节点160发送第一数据。在408，当所有评测模型执行完评测过程之后，区块链节点140节点记录针对第一数据的第一处理结果。
在410，区块链节点160(例如，作为数据提供者)产生第二数据并且向区块链节点140提供第二数据。在412，区块链节点140分别使用多个评测模型来验证第二数据的有效性。由于由区块链节点170(例如，作为数据消费者)提供的评测模型和区块链节点120(例如，作为数据消费者)提供的评测模型都验证第二数据有效，则在414向区块链节点170发送第二数据，并且在416向区块链节点120发送第二数据。在418，当所有评测模型执行完评测过程之后，区块链节点140节点记录针对第二数据的第二处理结果。
在过程400中，针对第一数据，仅区块链节点160验证其有效，因而数据仅被发送给区块链节点160；而针对第二数据，区块链节点120和170同时验证其有效，因而数据被同时发给区块链节点120和170。此外，区块链网络中的节点(例如区块链节点120)既可以充当数据提供者以提供数据，也可以充当数据消费者来获取数据。因此，根据本公开实施例的基于零知识证明的区块链数据处理方法和设备，能够根据实际需求来共享数据，并且数据消费者根据其实际需要的有效数据而进行付费，实现了先验证后付费的效果。
应当理解，根据本公开的实施例的设备可以利用各种方式来实现。例如，在某些实施例中，该设备可以通过硬件、软件或者软件和硬件的结合来实现。其中，硬件部分可以利用专用逻辑来实现；软件部分则可以存储在存储器中，由适当的指令执行系统，例如微处理器或者专用设计硬件来执行。本领域的普通技术人员可以理解上述的方法和系统可以使用计算机可执行指令和/或包含在处理器控制代码中来实现，例如在诸如磁盘、光盘载体介质、诸如只读存储器的可编程的存储器或者诸如光学或电子信号载体的数据载体上提供了这样的代码。本公开的实施例的设备和装置不仅可以由诸如超大规模集成电路或门阵列、诸如逻辑芯片、晶体管等的半导体、或者诸如现场可编程门阵列、可编程逻辑设备等的可编程硬件设备的硬件电路实现，也可以用例如由各种类型的处理器所执行的软件实现，还可以由上述硬件电路和软件的结合来实现。
图5图示了可以用来实施本公开的实施例的电子设备500的示意性框图。应当理解，电子设备500可以被实现为图1所描述的任一区块链节点。如图5所示，设备500包括中央处理单元(CPU)501(例如处理器)，其 可以根据存储在只读存储器(ROM)502中的计算机程序指令或者从存储单元508加载到随机访问存储器(RAM)503中的计算机程序指令，来执行各种适当的动作和处理。在RAM 503中，还可存储设备500操作所需的各种程序和数据。CPU 501、ROM 502以及RAM 503通过总线504彼此相连。输入/输出(I/O)接口505也连接至总线504。
设备500中的多个部件连接至I/O接口505，包括：输入单元506，例如键盘、鼠标等；输出单元507，例如各种类型的显示器、扬声器等；存储单元508，例如磁盘、光盘等；以及通信单元509，例如网卡、调制解调器、无线通信收发机等。通信单元509允许设备500通过诸如因特网的计算机网络和/或各种电信网络与其他设备交换信息/数据。
上文所描述的各种方法，例如方法200或300，可由处理单元501执行。例如，在一些实施例中，方法200和300可被实现为计算机软件程序，其被有形地包含于机器可读介质，例如存储单元508。在一些实施例中，计算机程序的部分或者全部可以经由ROM 502和/或通信单元509而被载入和/或安装到设备500上。当计算机程序被加载到RAM 503并由CPU 501执行时，可以执行上文描述的方法200和300中的一个或多个动作或步骤。
计算机程序产品可以包括计算机可读存储介质，其上载有用于执行本公开的各个方面的计算机可读程序指令。计算机可读存储介质可以是可以保持和存储由指令执行设备使用的指令的有形设备。计算机可读存储介质例如可以是――但不限于――电存储设备、磁存储设备、光存储设备、电磁存储设备、半导体存储设备或者上述的任意合适的组合。计算机可读存储介质的更具体的例子(非穷举的列表)包括：便携式计算机盘、硬盘、随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、可擦式可编程只读存储器(EPROM或闪存)、静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)、便携式压缩盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、数字多功能盘(DVD)、记忆棒、软盘、机械编码设备、例如其上存储有指令的打孔卡或凹槽内凸起结构、以及上述的任意合适的组合。这里所使用的计算机可读存储介质不被解释为瞬时信号本身，诸如无线电波或者其他自由传播的电磁波、通过波导或其他传输媒介传播的电磁波(例如，通过光纤电缆的光脉冲)、或者通过电线传输的电信号。
本文所描述的计算机可读程序指令可以从计算机可读存储介质下载到各个计算/处理设备，或者通过网络、例如因特网、局域网、广域网和/或无 线网下载到外部计算机或外部存储设备。网络可以包括铜传输电缆、光纤传输、无线传输、路由器、防火墙、交换机、网关计算机和/或边缘服务器。每个计算/处理设备中的网络适配卡或者网络接口从网络接收计算机可读程序指令，并转发该计算机可读程序指令，以供存储在各个计算/处理设备中的计算机可读存储介质中。
用于执行本公开内容操作的计算机程序指令可以是汇编指令、指令集架构(ISA)指令、机器指令、机器相关指令、微代码、固件指令、状态设置数据、或者以一种或多种编程语言的任意组合编写的源代码或目标代码，所述编程语言包括面向对象的编程语言-诸如C++等，以及常规的过程式编程语言-诸如"C"语言或类似的编程语言。计算机可读程序指令可以完全地在用户计算机上执行、部分地在用户计算机上执行、作为一个独立的软件包执行、部分在用户计算机上部分在远程计算机上执行、或者完全在远程计算机或服务器上执行。在涉及远程计算机的情形中，远程计算机可以通过任意种类的网络-包括局域网(LAN)或广域网(WAN)-连接到用户计算机，或者，可以连接到外部计算机(例如利用因特网服务提供商来通过因特网连接)。在一些实施例中，通过利用计算机可读程序指令的状态信息来个性化定制电子电路，例如可编程逻辑电路、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或可编程逻辑阵列(PLA)，该电子电路可以执行计算机可读程序指令，从而实现本公开内容的各个方面。
应当注意，尽管在上文的详细描述中提及了设备的若干模块或子模块，但是这种划分仅仅是示例性而非强制性的。实际上，根据本公开的实施例，上文描述的两个或更多模块的特征和功能可以在一个模块中具体化。反之，上文描述的一个模块的特征和功能可以进一步划分为由多个模块来具体化。
以上所述仅为本公开的实施例可选实施例，并不用于限制本公开的实施例，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本公开的实施例可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的实施例的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等效替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的实施例的保护范围之内。
虽然已经参考若干具体实施例描述了本公开的实施例，但是应该理解，本公开的实施例并不限于所公开的具体实施例。本公开的实施例旨在涵盖在所附权利要求的精神和范围内所包括的各种修改和等同布置。所附的权 利要求的范围符合最宽泛的解释，从而包含所有这样的修改及等同结构和功能。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种基于零知识证明的区块链数据处理方法，包括：
    由第一设备通过区块链网络从第二设备获得数据，所述第一设备运行基于零知识证明的智能合约；
    由所述第一设备分别使用多个评测模型来验证所述数据的有效性；
    响应于使用所述多个评测模型中的一个评测模型验证所述数据有效，由所述第一设备向与该评测模型相关联的第三设备发送所述数据，所述第一设备、所述第二设备以及所述第三设备是所述区块链网络中的节点。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
    响应于该评测模型验证所述数据无效，在该评测模型中删除所述数据，而不向所述第三设备发送所述数据。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述多个评测模型在所述智能合约中被注册，所述方法还包括：
    在所述智能合约中注册新的评测模型；以及
    由所述第一设备使用所述新的评测模型来验证所述数据的有效性。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中验证所述数据的有效性包括：
    使用该评测模型来确定所述数据的得分；以及
    基于所述得分与预定阈值之间的比较，验证所述数据的有效性。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中由所述第一设备向与该评测模型相关联的第三设备发送所述数据包括：
    在所述智能合约中建立所述第二设备与所述第三设备之间的交易；以及
    在所述智能合约中记录所述交易。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
    由所述第一设备通过区块链网络从所述第三设备获得另一数据；以及
    由所述第一设备使用所述多个评测模型来验证所述另一数据的有效性。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法，其中验证所述数据的有效性包括：
    从所述第二设备接收对于所述多个评测模型的列表中的一个或多个评测模型的选择；以及
    使用所选择的所述一个或多个评测模型来验证所述数据的所述有效性。
  8. 一种电子设备，其中所述电子设备是第一设备，并且所述电子设备包括
    处理器；
    存储器，耦合至所述处理器并且存储有指令，所述指令在由所述处理器执行时使得所述设备执行以下动作：
    通过区块链网络从第二设备获得数据，所述第一设备运行基于零知识证明的智能合约；
    分别使用多个评测模型来验证所述数据的有效性；
    响应于使用所述多个评测模型中的一个评测模型验证所述数据有效，向与该评测模型相关联的第三设备发送所述数据，所述第一设备、所述第二设备以及所述第三设备是所述区块链网络中的节点。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电子设备，所述动作还包括：
    响应于该评测模型验证所述数据无效，在该评测模型中删除所述数据，而不向所述第三设备发送所述数据。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的电子设备，其中所述多个评测模型在所述智能合约中被注册，所述动作还包括：
    在所述智能合约中注册新的评测模型；以及
    使用所述新的评测模型来验证所述数据的有效性。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的电子设备，其中验证所述数据的有效性包括：
    使用该评测模型来确定所述数据的得分；以及
    基于所述得分与预定阈值之间的比较，验证所述数据的有效性。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的电子设备，其中向与该评测模型相关联的第三设备发送所述数据包括：
    在所述智能合约中建立所述第二设备与所述第三设备之间的交易；以及
    在所述智能合约中记录所述交易。
  13. 根据权利要求8所述的电子设备，所述动作还包括：
    由所述第一设备通过区块链网络从所述第三设备获得另一数据；以及
    由所述第一设备使用所述多个评测模型来验证所述另一数据的有效性。
  14. 根据权利要求8-13中任一项所述的电子设备，其中验证所述数据的有效性包括：
    从所述第二设备接收对于所述多个评测模型的列表中的一个或多个评测模型的选择；以及
    使用所选择的所述一个或多个评测模型来验证所述数据的所述有效性。
  15. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其包括计算机可执行指令，所述计算机可执行指令在设备中运行时使得所述设备执行根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法。
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