WO2018205654A1 - 液晶光栅、3d显示装置及其驱动方法 - Google Patents

液晶光栅、3d显示装置及其驱动方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018205654A1
WO2018205654A1 PCT/CN2018/070784 CN2018070784W WO2018205654A1 WO 2018205654 A1 WO2018205654 A1 WO 2018205654A1 CN 2018070784 W CN2018070784 W CN 2018070784W WO 2018205654 A1 WO2018205654 A1 WO 2018205654A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
electrode
crystal grating
viewer
light
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PCT/CN2018/070784
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张子敬
袁洪亮
李彦辰
武晓娟
马力
陈会顺
毕谣
郑琪
赵志强
赵宇
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
北京京东方光电科技有限公司
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Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司, 北京京东方光电科技有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to US16/078,420 priority Critical patent/US10571705B2/en
Publication of WO2018205654A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018205654A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/30—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers
    • G02B30/31—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers involving active parallax barriers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
    • G02F1/13394—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells spacers regularly patterned on the cell subtrate, e.g. walls, pillars
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/366—Image reproducers using viewer tracking

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of display technologies, and in particular, to a liquid crystal grating, a 3D display device, and a driving method thereof.
  • the three-dimensional (3D) display technology works by: for the same scene, the viewer's left and right eyes respectively receive images, and the distance between the two eyes of the viewer in the horizontal direction (ie, the pupil distance is about 65 mm), so that There are subtle differences in the perspective of the two eyes. Due to the existence of this difference, the images observed by the viewer's left and right eyes will be slightly different. This difference is called "binocular parallax". After the fusion of the visual cortex of the brain, a stereoscopic effect is formed.
  • naked-eye 3D display is much loved by people.
  • the naked-eye 3D technology means that the left and right eyes are directly viewed from the display screen without any tools, and the two images are emitted to the brain to produce a display technology with a stereoscopic picture.
  • the conventional naked-eye 3D display device includes a display panel 10 and a liquid crystal grating 20 on the light-emitting side of the display panel 10 (the liquid crystal grating 20 may be disposed on the light-incident side).
  • the display panel 10 includes a plurality of first pixel groups 11 and a plurality of second pixel groups 12, and the first pixel group 11 displays a left eye image and the second pixel group 12 displays a right eye image.
  • the liquid crystal grating 20 includes a light transmitting region 25 and a dark state region 26.
  • the liquid crystal grating 20 has a focusing effect. As shown in FIG. 1, the left eye can only see the left eye image, and the right eye only sees the right eye image. Thereby producing a stereoscopic feeling.
  • the liquid crystal grating 20 includes a spacer. Since there is no black matrix in the liquid crystal grating 20, the spacers are exposed to the light-transmitting region 25, and the spacers affect the light transmittance. Therefore, the design of the spacers in the liquid crystal grating 20 directly affects the 3D display effect.
  • the spacers in the liquid crystal grating 20 are generally disposed at corresponding positions of the black matrix of the display panel 10.
  • the number of spacers exposed to the display area of the 3D display device may change, thereby causing uneven brightness of the screen, resulting in poor stains, thereby affecting the 3D display. effect.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a liquid crystal grating, a 3D display device, and a driving method thereof, which improve a 3D display effect.
  • a liquid crystal grating including: a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a plurality of spacers.
  • the liquid crystal grating is configured to form alternating light-transmitting regions and dark-state regions when power is applied.
  • the plurality of spacers are distributed in a period along a first direction perpendicular to a direction in which the light-transmitting regions extend; the width of the light-transmitting regions is a positive integer multiple of the period.
  • the transparent region has a width of 40 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the width of the light transmitting region is 42.5 ⁇ m, 45.75 ⁇ m or 47.285 ⁇ m.
  • the first substrate comprises a plurality of strip-shaped first electrodes arranged in parallel, the first electrodes are insulated from each other; the second substrate comprises a second electrode, and the second electrode is used for The first electrode forms an electric field; wherein, the N adjacent first electrodes are used to form one of the light transmitting regions; and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • each N first electrodes there are Q spacers in a region where each N first electrodes are located; Q is greater than or equal to 2 A positive integer; Q of the spacers are arranged in a row at equal intervals along the direction of the first electrode.
  • all of the spacers are arranged in an array.
  • the odd number of the first electrodes are located in the same layer, the even number of the first electrodes are located in the same layer, and the odd number of the first electrodes and the even number of the first electrodes are insulated Layer isolation; an even number of the first electrodes and an odd number of the first electrodes adjacent to both sides thereof have a pair of coincident portions, respectively.
  • the number of the second electrodes is one, and the second electrodes are planar. Or a plurality of the second electrodes, the plurality of the second electrodes are arranged in parallel and insulated from each other, and the second electrode is strip-shaped, which is the same as the extending direction of the first electrode; The two electrodes are staggered with the first electrode, and the second electrode and the two first electrodes adjacent thereto have a pair of coincident portions, respectively.
  • a 3D display device including a display panel, the above-described liquid crystal grating, a human eye tracking module, and a driving module; the human eye tracking module is configured to acquire a position where a viewer's eyes are located; and the driving module And connecting to the liquid crystal grating and the human eye tracking module, configured to control the liquid crystal grating to form alternating light and dark regions according to a current position of a viewer's eye acquired by the human eye tracking module, The left eye of the viewer is seen through the light transmitting area of the liquid crystal grating to see the left eye image displayed by the display panel, and the right eye sees the right eye image displayed by the display panel through the light transmitting area.
  • the driving module is configured to control, according to the current position of the viewer's eyes acquired by the human eye tracking module, the liquid crystal grating to form an alternating arrangement of the light transmitting area and the dark state area, including: the driving module And controlling the voltages of the first electrode and the second electrode according to the current position of the viewer's eyes acquired by the human eye tracking module, so that the liquid crystal grating forms alternating light-transmitting regions and dark regions.
  • the 3D display device further includes a processing module connected to the human eye tracking module for calculating a direction parallel to the left and right eyes of the viewer, where the current position of the viewer's eyes is relative a distance between the initial positions; wherein the initial position is a light transmissive area of the liquid crystal grating presented by a voltage of the first electrode and the second electrode that are factory-set, so that a viewer's left eye is seen To the left eye image, the right eye sees the position of the right eye image.
  • a processing module connected to the human eye tracking module for calculating a direction parallel to the left and right eyes of the viewer, where the current position of the viewer's eyes is relative a distance between the initial positions; wherein the initial position is a light transmissive area of the liquid crystal grating presented by a voltage of the first electrode and the second electrode that are factory-set, so that a viewer's left eye is seen To the left eye image, the right eye sees the position of the right eye image.
  • the driving module is configured to control voltages of the first electrode and the second electrode according to a current position of the viewer's eyes acquired by the human eye tracking module, so that the liquid crystal grating forms alternating light-transmitting regions and a dark state region, comprising: the driving module is configured to use, according to a distance between a current position of a viewer's eye obtained by the processing module and an initial position, by a correspondence between the distance and a voltage of the first electrode, The voltages of the first electrode and the second electrode are controlled such that the liquid crystal grating forms alternating light and dark regions.
  • the display panel is a liquid crystal display panel, and the liquid crystal grating is disposed on a light incident side or a light exiting side of the liquid crystal display panel; or the display panel is an OLED display panel, and the liquid crystal grating is disposed at the The light exit side of the OLED display panel.
  • a driving method of a 3D display device including: a human eye tracking module acquires a position where a viewer's eyes are located; and a driving module controls according to a current position of the viewer's eyes acquired by the human eye tracking module.
  • the liquid crystal grating forms alternating light-transmitting regions and dark-state regions, so that the left eye of the viewer sees the left-eye image displayed by the display panel through the light-transmitting region, and the right eye sees the display panel through the light-transmitting region. The right eye image displayed.
  • the driving module controls the liquid crystal grating to form an alternating arrangement of the light transmitting area and the dark state area according to the current position of the viewer's eye acquired by the human eye tracking module, including: the driving module according to the The current position of the viewer's eyes acquired by the human eye tracking module controls the voltages of the first electrode and the second electrode such that the liquid crystal grating forms alternating light and dark regions.
  • the driving method further includes: the processing module calculates a distance between a current position of the viewer's eye and an initial position in a direction parallel to the left and right eyes of the viewer; wherein The initial position is a light transmissive area of the liquid crystal grating presented by a voltage of the first electrode and the second electrode that are factory-set, so that the left eye of the viewer sees the left eye image, and the right eye sees the The position of the right eye image.
  • the driving module controls the voltages of the first electrode and the second electrode according to the current position of the viewer's eyes acquired by the human eye tracking module, so that the liquid crystal grating forms alternating light and dark regions.
  • the area includes: the driving module controls the first electrode according to a distance between the current position of the viewer's eyes and the initial position obtained by the processing module, and the correspondence between the distance and the voltage of the first electrode And a voltage of the second electrode, such that the liquid crystal grating forms alternating light and dark regions.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a liquid crystal grating, a 3D display device, and a driving method thereof, wherein the spacers weakly affect the light transmittance, and thus, the plurality of the first direction along the extending direction of the vertical light transmitting region
  • the spacers are distributed in a cycle, and the width of the light transmitting region is a positive integer multiple of the period.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a naked-eye 3D display device provided by the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal grating according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal grating when it is powered on according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 3b is a schematic view of the light transmissive region of the liquid crystal grating in the embodiment shown in Figure 3a after translation;
  • 4a is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal grating applied to a 3D display device when a viewer is in a certain position
  • Figure 4b is a schematic view of the viewer in another position different from Figure 4a;
  • FIG. 5 is an optical path diagram of a liquid crystal grating applied to a 3D display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal grating according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal grating when powered according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a manner of setting a spacer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another liquid crystal grating according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of still another liquid crystal grating according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a 3D display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of another 3D display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a driving method of a 3D display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 10-display panel 11-first pixel group; 12-second pixel group; 20-liquid crystal grating; 21-first substrate; 22-second substrate; 23-liquid crystal layer; 24- spacers; Light zone; 26-dark state zone; 211-first electrode; 221-second electrode; 30-human eye tracking module; 40-drive module; 50-processing module.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a liquid crystal grating 20, as shown in FIG. 2, comprising: a first substrate 21 and a second substrate 22 disposed opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer 23 disposed between the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22, and A plurality of spacers 24.
  • the liquid crystal grating 20 is configured to form alternating light-transmissive regions 25 and dark-state regions 26 when energized.
  • the plurality of spacers are distributed in a periodic direction along a first direction in which the vertical light transmitting region 25 extends; the width of the light transmitting region is a positive integer multiple of the period.
  • the position of the light transmitting region 25 should also be viewed.
  • the position of the eye is adjusted so that at different positions, the left eye image can be input to the viewer's left eye through the light transmitting region 25, and the right eye image can be input to the viewer's right eye through the light transmitting region 25.
  • the specific structure of the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22 is not limited.
  • the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer 23 can be controlled by an electric field
  • the liquid crystal grating 20 is in a form in which the light transmitting region 25 and the dark region 26 are alternately arranged ( As shown in FIG. 3a), the positions of the light transmitting region 25 and the dark state region 26 are adjustable, so that the left eye image can be input into the viewer's left eye through the light transmitting region 25, and the right eye image can pass through the light transmitting region. 25 Enter the viewer's right eye.
  • Figure 3b is a schematic view of the light transmissive region of the liquid crystal grating after translation in the embodiment of Figure 3a. It can be seen that the total amount of spacers 24 that can be seen after the transmissive zone has been translated is constant.
  • the width of the light transmitting region is a positive integer multiple of the distribution period of the spacer, regardless of the position of the light transmitting region 25 of the liquid crystal grating 20, the number of the spacers 24 located in the light transmitting region 25 is maintained. Equal, i.e., regardless of the position of the viewer, the total amount of spacers 24 that can be seen is constant (as shown in Figures 3a, 3b, 4a and 4b).
  • the width L2 of the transparent region 25 is three times the distribution period L1 of the spacer, but the disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • the width L2 of the light region 25 may be 4, 5 times or the like of the spacer distribution period L1 as long as a 3D image can be produced.
  • P is the width of the pixel unit
  • H is the height of the liquid crystal grating 20 relative to the display panel
  • h H/n
  • n is the refractive index of the y liquid crystal grating
  • S is the optimal viewing distance
  • C is one of the liquid crystal gratings 20
  • L is the pupil spacing.
  • the C value and the S value can be calculated from the known H, L, and P. Wherein, since the widths of the light transmitting region 25 and the dark state region 26 are equal, the width of the light transmitting region 25 can be obtained according to the C value.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a liquid crystal grating 20. Since the spacer 24 slightly affects the light transmittance, the width L2 of the light transmitting region 25 is a spacer along a first direction in which the vertical light transmitting region 25 extends. The distribution period of the object 24 is a positive integer multiple of L1.
  • the liquid crystal grating 20 is applied to a 3D display device, the total amount of the spacers 24 that the viewer can see is constant as the viewer moves. Thus, there is no significant change in brightness due to the difference in the number of spacers 24 seen.
  • the liquid crystal grating 20 of the present disclosure is applied to a 3D display device, the 3D display effect is improved.
  • the transparent region has a width of 40 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the width C of one light transmitting region 25 and one dark state region 26 may be according to the above relationship. Calculated. According to the C value, in the case where, for example, the widths of the light transmitting region 25 and the dark state region 26 are equal, the width value of the light transmitting region 25 can be calculated.
  • the width of the light-transmissive region 25 can be obtained according to the width of the pixel unit of the display panel in the 3D display device to which the liquid crystal grating 20 is applied, and the pitch (where the pitch is generally 65 mm).
  • the width of the light transmitting region 25 is 40 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the optimal viewing distance is 30-40 cm
  • the width of the light transmitting region 25 can be set to 47.285 ⁇ m according to the configuration of the product parameters.
  • adjustment can be suitably performed on the basis of 47.285 ⁇ m, for example, values of 42.5 ⁇ m and 45.75 ⁇ m can be used.
  • the first substrate 21 includes a plurality of strip-shaped first electrodes 211 arranged in parallel, and the first electrodes 211 are insulated from each other; the second substrate 22 includes a second electrode 221 and a second electrode 221 . It is used to form an electric field with the first electrode 211.
  • the N adjacent first electrodes 211 are used to form a light transmissive region 25; N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the N adjacent first electrodes 211 are used to form one light transmitting region 25, that is, the same voltage can be applied to the N adjacent first electrodes 211 so that the N first electrodes 211
  • the liquid crystal in the region in which it is located is deflected in the same state, and light is allowed to pass out, thereby forming the light transmitting region 25.
  • each of the light-transmitting regions 25 should include N adjacent first electrodes 211.
  • the same first voltage may be applied to the consecutive N adjacent first electrodes 211 every successively adjacent M first electrodes 211, so that the regions in which the adjacent N first electrodes 211 are located are formed.
  • Light transmissive zone 25 On this basis, the same second voltage can be applied to the successively adjacent M first electrodes 211 such that the regions in which the adjacent M first electrodes 211 are located form a dark region.
  • M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the first of the N adjacent first electrodes 211 in the direction perpendicular to the first electrode 211 is not fixed.
  • the same first voltage may be input to the Pth to P+N-1 first electrodes 211, so that the Pth to the P+N-1th A region of the electrode 211 is formed with a light transmitting region 25; the same second voltage is input to the P+Nth to the P+N+M-1 first electrodes 211, so that the P+Nth to the P+th N+M-1 first electrodes 211 are formed in a dark state region 26; the first P+N+M to P+2N+M-1 first electrodes 211 are input with the same first voltage, so that the first A region of P+N+M to P+2N+M-1 first electrodes 211 forms a light transmissive region 25; to P+2N+M to P+2N+2M-1 first electrodes 211 Inputting the same second voltage to form a dark state region 26 in a region where the P+2N+M to the P+2N+2M-1 first electrodes 211 are located; and
  • the same first voltage may be input to the first to eighth first electrodes 211 in the direction perpendicular to the first electrode 211, so that the first to eighth first electrodes 211 a light transmissive region 25 is formed in the region; the same second voltage is input to the ninth to sixteenth first electrodes 211, so that a region of the ninth to sixteenth first electrodes 211 forms a dark region.
  • the twenty-fifth to thirty-second first electrodes 211 input the same second voltage so that the regions of the twenty-fifth to thirty-second first electrodes 211 form the dark region 26.
  • the tenth to seventeenth first electrodes 211 input the same second voltage so that the region from the tenth to the nineteenth first electrodes 211 forms a dark state region 26; and so on.
  • the same first voltage may be input to the third to tenth first electrodes 211, so that the area of the third to tenth first electrodes 211 forms a light transmissive area 25;
  • the eleventh to eighteenth first electrodes 211 input the same second voltage so that the areas of the eleventh to eighteenth first electrodes 211 form a dark state region 26; and so on.
  • the larger the value of N the more accurate the position adjustment of the light-transmissive region 25 and the dark-state region 26 is in accordance with the position of the viewer in practical applications, and thus can be combined with specific processes and viewing requirements for 3D. .
  • N and M may be equal or different, as long as the widths of the light transmitting region 25 and the dark region 26 are equal.
  • the starting first electrode 211 for forming the light transmitting region 25 can be flexibly selected according to the position of the viewer's human eye. Therefore, the position of the light-transmitting region 25 can be adjusted in time according to the position of the viewer, so that a good naked-eye 3D display effect can be achieved at any position.
  • the area where the N first electrodes 211 are located from the first first electrode 211 (the area shown by the dotted line in FIG. 8)
  • Q spacers 24 are arranged in a row at equal intervals in the direction of the first electrode 211;
  • Q is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the area where the N first electrodes 211 are located that is, from the first first electrode 211 to the N-1th first electrode 211 is an area, starting from the Nth first electrode 211.
  • the second N-1 first electrode 211 is an area, and so on.
  • all of the spacers 24 are arranged in a matrix.
  • the odd-numbered first electrodes 211 are located in the same layer, and the even-numbered first electrodes 211 are located in the same layer, and between the odd-numbered first electrodes 211 and the even-numbered first electrodes 211
  • the first plurality of first electrodes 211 and the odd-numbered first electrodes 211 adjacent to both sides thereof have a pair of coincident portions, respectively.
  • odd-numbered first electrodes 211 may be arranged at equal intervals, and the even-numbered first electrodes 211 may be arranged at equal intervals.
  • the odd-numbered first electrodes 211 and the even-numbered first electrodes 211 are arranged in two layers.
  • the electrode 211 and the adjacent even-numbered first electrodes 211 have a pair of coincident portions, so that the adjacent N first electrodes 211 are not spaced apart, and the light-transmitting region 25 is completely transparent and emits light. Consistent; when the first adjacent electrodes 211 of the adjacent M are used to form the dark state region 26, the dark state region 26 can be ensured to be completely opaque; on the other hand, the process fabrication difficulty can be reduced, and the total of the first electrode 211 can be made. The number does more.
  • the number of the second electrodes 221 is one, and the second electrodes 221 are planar. Based on this, the process of forming the second electrode 221 is relatively simple, and the driving of the second electrode 221 is also relatively simple.
  • the plurality of second electrodes 221 are arranged in parallel, and the plurality of second electrodes 221 are arranged in parallel and insulated from each other, and the second electrodes 221 are strip-shaped, which is the same as the extending direction of the first electrodes 211;
  • the two electrodes 221 are staggered with the first electrode 211, and the second electrode 221 and the two first electrodes 211 adjacent thereto have a pair of coincident portions, respectively.
  • the second electrode 221 is disposed in plurality, and a voltage can be respectively applied to the second electrode 221. On the basis of this, the second electrode 221 and the two first electrodes 211 adjacent thereto have the front overlapping portions, respectively. The control of the light transmitting region 25 and the dark state region 26 in the liquid crystal grating 20 is more refined.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a 3D display device, as shown in FIG. 11, including a display panel 10, the above-described liquid crystal grating 20, a human eye tracking module 30, and a driving module 40.
  • the human eye tracking module 30 is configured to acquire the location of the viewer's eyes.
  • the driving module 40 is connected to the liquid crystal grating 20 and the human eye tracking module 30 for controlling the liquid crystal grating 20 to form alternating light-transmissive regions 25 and dark regions 26 according to the current position of the viewer's eyes acquired by the human eye tracking module 30.
  • the left eye of the viewer is seen through the light transmitting area 25 of the liquid crystal grating 20 to see the left eye image displayed by the display panel, and the right eye sees the right eye image displayed by the display panel through the light transmitting area 25.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a 3D display device that acquires a position of a viewer's eyes through the human eye tracking module 30, so that the driving module 40 controls the liquid crystal gratings 20 to form alternately arranged according to the current position of the viewer's eyes.
  • the light zone 25 and the dark state zone 26 enable the left eye of the viewer to see the left eye image displayed by the display panel through the light transmission zone 25 of the liquid crystal grating 20, and the right eye sees the right eye image displayed by the display panel through the light transmission zone 25. . Since the position of the light-transmitting region 25 can be adjusted in time according to the position of the viewer, a good naked-eye 3D display effect can be achieved at any position.
  • the width of the light transmitting region is a positive integer multiple of the distribution period of the spacer.
  • the total amount of spacers 24 that the viewer can see is constant.
  • the driving module 40 is configured to control, according to the current position of the viewer's eye acquired by the human eye tracking module 30, the liquid crystal grating to form the light-transmitting area 25 and the dark state area 26 that are alternately arranged, including: the driving module 40
  • the voltages of the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 221 are controlled according to the current position of the viewer's eyes acquired by the human eye tracking module 30, so that the liquid crystal grating 20 forms the light-transmitting region 25 and the dark-state region 26 which are alternately arranged.
  • the adjacent adjacent ones for forming the light-transmitting regions 25 can be flexibly selected according to the position of the viewer's human eye.
  • the M first electrodes 211 are also determined to input the same second voltage thereto.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure can achieve a good naked-eye 3D display effect at any position by controlling the voltages of the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 221.
  • the 3D display device further includes a processing module 50 connected to the human eye tracking module 30 for calculating a direction parallel to the viewer's left and right eyes, where the viewer's eyes are located.
  • the initial position is the light transmitting area 25 of the liquid crystal grating 20 presented by the voltages of the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 221 which are factory-set, so that the left eye of the viewer sees the image of the left eye, and the right eye sees the image of the right eye. position.
  • the driving module 40 is configured to control the voltages of the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 221 according to the current position of the viewer's eyes acquired by the human eye tracking module 30, so that the liquid crystal grating 20 forms the light-transmitting regions 25 and the alternating arrangement.
  • the dark state area 26 includes: a driving module 40 for using a distance between the current position of the viewer's eyes and the initial position obtained by the processing module 50, and a correspondence table between the distance and the voltage of the first electrode 211, The voltages of the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 221 are controlled such that the liquid crystal grating 20 forms the light-transmitting regions 25 and the dark regions 26 which are alternately arranged. This makes the control process simpler.
  • the correspondence table between the distance between the current position of the viewer's eyes and the initial position and the voltage of the first electrode 211 may be stored in advance.
  • the display panel 10 may be a liquid crystal display panel.
  • the liquid crystal grating 20 may be disposed on the light incident side or the light exit side of the liquid crystal display panel.
  • the display panel 10 is a liquid crystal display panel, and the liquid crystal grating 20 is disposed on the light incident side of the liquid crystal display panel.
  • the liquid crystal grating 20 may be disposed on the light emitting side of the display panel.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a driving method of the foregoing 3D display device.
  • the method includes the following steps: S10, the human eye tracking module 30 acquires a position where a viewer's eyes are located; and S20, the driving module 40 is based on a person.
  • the current position of the viewer's eyes acquired by the eye tracking module 30 controls the liquid crystal grating 20 to form alternating light-transmissive regions 25 and dark regions 26 so that the viewer's left eye passes through the light-transmitting region 25 of the liquid crystal grating 20.
  • the left eye image displayed on the display panel 10 is seen by the right eye through the light transmitting area 25 to the right eye image displayed by the display panel 10.
  • the driving module 40 controls the liquid crystal grating 20 to form the light-transmitting area 25 and the dark state area 26 which are alternately arranged according to the current position of the eyes of the viewer acquired by the human eye tracking module 30, including: the driving module 40 tracks according to the human eye.
  • the current position of the viewer's eyes acquired by the module 30 controls the voltages of the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 221 such that the liquid crystal grating 20 forms the light-transmitting region 25 and the dark region 26 which are alternately arranged.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a driving method of a 3D display device.
  • the human eye tracking module 30 acquires a position of a viewer's eyes, so that the driving module 40 controls the liquid crystal grating 20 to alternate according to the current position of the viewer's eyes.
  • the light-transmitting area 25 and the dark-state area 26 are arranged such that the left eye of the viewer sees the left-eye image displayed by the display panel through the light-transmitting area 25 of the liquid crystal grating 20, and the right eye sees the display of the display panel through the light-transmitting area 25. Right eye image. Since the position of the light-transmitting region 25 can be adjusted in time according to the position of the viewer, a good naked-eye 3D display effect can be achieved at any position.
  • the width of the light transmitting region is a positive integer multiple of the distribution period of the spacer.
  • the total amount of spacers 24 that the viewer can see is constant.
  • the method further includes: the processing module 50 calculates a distance between a current position of the viewer's eye and an initial position in a direction parallel to the left and right eyes of the viewer; wherein the initial The position is the light transmissive area 25 of the liquid crystal grating 20 presented by the voltages of the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 221 which are factory-set, so that the left eye of the viewer sees the left eye image, and the right eye sees the position of the right eye image. .
  • the driving module 40 controls the voltages of the first electrode 211 and the second electrode 221 according to the current position of the viewer's eyes acquired by the human eye tracking module 30, so that the liquid crystal grating 20 forms the light-transmitting region 25 and the dark state which are alternately arranged.
  • the area 26 includes: the driving module 40 controls the first electrode according to the distance between the current position of the viewer's eyes and the initial position obtained by the processing module 50, and the correspondence between the distance and the voltage of the first electrode 211
  • the voltage of the second electrode 221 and the second electrode 221 causes the liquid crystal grating 20 to form the light-transmitting region 25 and the dark region 26 which are alternately arranged. This makes the control process simpler.

Abstract

一种液晶光栅（20）、3D显示装置及其驱动方法，涉及显示技术领域，提高了3D显示效果。液晶光栅（20）包括：相对设置的第一基板（21）和第二基板（22）、设置于第一基板（21）和第二基板（22）之间的液晶层（23）以及多个隔垫物（24）；其中，液晶光栅（20）被构造成加电时形成交替排列的透光区（25）和暗态区（26）；沿垂直透光区（25）延伸方向的第一方向，多个隔垫物（24）按周期分布，透光区（25）的宽度为周期的正整数倍。

Description

液晶光栅、3D显示装置及其驱动方法
相关申请
本申请要求保护在2017年5月12日提交的申请号为201710342405.7的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容以引用的方式结合到本文中。
技术领域
本公开涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种液晶光栅、3D显示装置及其驱动方法。
背景技术
三维(3D)显示技术的工作原理为：针对同一场景，使观看者的左眼和右眼分别接收图像，观看者的两眼在水平方向上的间距(即瞳距，约为65mm)，使得两眼的视角存在细微的差别。由于这种差别的存在，观看者的左眼和右眼分别观察到的图像也会略有差异，这个差异被称为“双眼视差”。经大脑视觉皮层的融合后，就形成了立体效果。
随着显示技术的发展，裸眼3D显示倍受人们喜爱。裸眼3D技术是指不通过任何工具，直接让左右两只眼睛从显示屏幕上看具有视差的画面，两幅画面被发射到大脑，产生具有立体感画面的显示技术。
如图1所示，现有的裸眼3D显示装置包括：显示面板10以及位于显示面板10出光侧的液晶光栅20(液晶光栅20也可设置在入光侧)。显示面板10包括多个第一像素组11和多个第二像素组12，且第一像素组11显示左眼图像、第二像素组12显示右眼图像。液晶光栅20包括透光区25和暗态区26，液晶光栅20具有分像作用，如图1所示，可使人的左眼只看到左眼图像，右眼只看到右眼图像，从而产生立体感觉。
其中，为了支撑液晶光栅20的盒厚，液晶光栅20包括隔垫物。由于液晶光栅20中无黑矩阵，隔垫物会暴露在透光区25，而隔垫物会影响光透过率，因而，液晶光栅20中隔垫物的设计直接影响3D显示效果。
目前，液晶光栅20中隔垫物一般设置在显示面板10的黑矩阵对应位置处。然而，当观看者由一个视点移动至另一个视点时，会出现暴露在3D显示装置显示区的隔垫物数量变化的情况，因而，会引起屏幕亮度不均，导致污渍不良，进而影响3D显示效果。
公开内容
本公开的实施例提供一种液晶光栅、3D显示装置及其驱动方法，提高了3D显示效果。
为达到上述目的，本公开的实施例采用如下技术方案。
一方面，提供液晶光栅，包括：相对设置的第一基板和第二基板、设置于所述第一基板和所述第二基板之间的液晶层以及多个隔垫物。其中，所述液晶光栅被构造成加电时形成交替排列的透光区和暗态区。沿垂直所述透光区延伸方向的第一方向，所述多个隔垫物按周期分布；所述透光区的宽度为所述周期的正整数倍。
可选的，所述透光区的宽度为40～50μm。
进一步的，所述透光区的宽度为42.5μm、45.75μm或47.285μm。
可选的，所述第一基板包括多个平行排列的条状第一电极，所述第一电极之间相互绝缘；所述第二基板包括第二电极，所述第二电极用于与所述第一电极形成电场；其中，连续相邻的N个第一电极用于形成一个所述透光区；N为大于等于2的正整数。
进一步可选的，沿垂直所述第一电极的方向，从所述第一个第一电极开始，每N个第一电极所在的区域中具有Q个所述隔垫物；Q为大于等于2的正整数；Q个所述隔垫物沿所述第一电极的方向等间距排成一排。
进一步的，所有隔垫物呈阵列排布。
可选的，第奇数个所述第一电极位于同一层，第偶数个所述第一电极位于同一层，且第奇数个所述第一电极和第偶数个所述第一电极之间通过绝缘层隔离；第偶数个所述第一电极和与其两侧相邻的第奇数个所述第一电极分别具有正对重合部分。
可选的，所述第二电极的个数为一个，且所述第二电极呈面状。或者，所述第二电极为多个，多个所述第二电极平行排布且相互绝缘，所述第二电极为条状，与所述第一电极的延伸方向相同；其中，所述 第二电极与所述第一电极呈交错排列，且所述第二电极和与其相邻的两个所述第一电极分别具有正对重合部分。
另一方面，提供一种3D显示装置，包括显示面板、上述的液晶光栅、人眼追踪模块、以及驱动模块；所述人眼追踪模块用于获取观看者的眼睛所在的位置；所述驱动模块与所述液晶光栅和所述人眼追踪模块连接，用于根据所述人眼追踪模块获取的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置，控制所述液晶光栅形成交替排列的透光区和暗态区，使观看者的左眼通过所述液晶光栅的透光区看到所述显示面板显示的左眼图像，右眼通过所述透光区看到所述显示面板显示的右眼图像。
可选的，所述驱动模块用于根据所述人眼追踪模块获取的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置，控制所述液晶光栅形成交替排列的透光区和暗态区，包括：所述驱动模块用于根据所述人眼追踪模块获取的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置，控制第一电极和第二电极的电压，使所述液晶光栅形成交替排列的透光区和暗态区。
进一步可选的，所述3D显示装置还包括处理模块，与所述人眼追踪模块连接，用于计算与观看者的左、右眼相平行的方向上，观看者的眼睛所在的当前位置相对于初始位置之间的距离；其中，所述初始位置为通过出厂设置的所述第一电极和所述第二电极的电压所呈现的所述液晶光栅的透光区，使观看者的左眼看到所述左眼图像，右眼看到所述右眼图像的位置。
基于此，所述驱动模块用于根据所述人眼追踪模块获取的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置，控制第一电极和第二电极的电压，使所述液晶光栅形成交替排列的透光区和暗态区，包括：所述驱动模块用于根据处理模块得到的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置相对于初始位置之间的距离，通过所述距离与所述第一电极的电压的对应关系表，控制第一电极和第二电极的电压，使所述液晶光栅形成交替排列的透光区和暗态区。
可选的，所述显示面板为液晶显示面板，所述液晶光栅设置于所述液晶显示面板的入光侧或出光侧；或者，所述显示面板为OLED显示面板，所述液晶光栅设置于所述OLED显示面板的出光侧。
再一方面，提供一种3D显示装置的驱动方法，包括：人眼追踪模块获取观看者的眼睛所在的位置；驱动模块根据所述人眼追踪模块获 取的观看者的眼睛所在的当前位置，控制液晶光栅形成交替排列的透光区和暗态区，使观看者的左眼通过所述透光区看到显示面板显示的左眼图像，右眼通过所述透光区看到所述显示面板显示的右眼图像。
可选的，所述驱动模块根据所述人眼追踪模块获取的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置，控制所述液晶光栅形成交替排列的透光区和暗态区，包括：所述驱动模块根据所述人眼追踪模块获取的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置，控制第一电极和第二电极的电压，使所述液晶光栅形成交替排列的透光区和暗态区。
进一步可选的，所述驱动方法还包括：处理模块计算与观看者的左、右眼相平行的方向上，观看者的眼睛所在的当前位置相对于初始位置之间的距离；其中，所述初始位置为通过出厂设置的所述第一电极和所述第二电极的电压所呈现的所述液晶光栅的透光区，使观看者的左眼看到所述左眼图像，右眼看到所述右眼图像的位置。
基于此，所述驱动模块根据所述人眼追踪模块获取的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置，控制第一电极和第二电极的电压，使所述液晶光栅形成交替排列的透光区和暗态区，包括：所述驱动模块根据处理模块得到的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置相对于初始位置之间的距离，通过所述距离与所述第一电极的电压的对应关系表，控制第一电极和第二电极的电压，使所述液晶光栅形成交替排列的透光区和暗态区。
本公开的实施例提供一种液晶光栅、3D显示装置及其驱动方法，由于隔垫物会微弱的影响光透过率，因而，沿垂直透光区延伸方向的第一方向，所述多个隔垫物按周期分布，并且所述透光区的宽度为所述周期的正整数倍。当所述液晶光栅应用于3D显示装置时，在观看者移动时，保证观看者能看到的隔垫物总量是不变的。因而，不会由于看到的隔垫物数量不同，而导致出现明显的亮度变化。本公开的液晶光栅应用于3D显示装置时，提高了3D显示效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些 附图获得其他的附图。
图1为现有技术提供的一种裸眼3D显示装置的示意图；
图2为本公开实施例提供的一种液晶光栅的结构示意图；
图3a为本公开实施例提供的一种液晶光栅加电时的示意图；
图3b为图3a所示实施例中液晶光栅的透光区平移之后的示意图；
图4a为本公开实施例提供的一种液晶光栅应用于3D显示装置时，当观看者在某一位置时的示意图；
图4b为观看者在与图4a不同的另一位置时的示意图；
图5为本公开实施例提供的一种液晶光栅应用于3D显示装置时的光路图；
图6为本公开实施例提供的一种液晶光栅的结构示意图；
图7为本发明实施例提供的一种液晶光栅加电时的示意图；
图8为本发明实施例提供的隔垫物的设置方式示意图；
图9为本公开实施例提供的另一种液晶光栅的结构示意图；
图10为本公开实施例提供的又一种液晶光栅的结构示意图；
图11为本公开实施例提供的一种3D显示装置的示意图；
图12为本公开实施例提供的另一种3D显示装置的示意图；以及
图13为本公开实施例提供的一种3D显示装置的驱动方法的流程图。
附图标记：
10-显示面板；11-第一像素组；12-第二像素组；20-液晶光栅；21-第一基板；22-第二基板；23-液晶层；24-隔垫物；25-透光区；26-暗态区；211-第一电极；221-第二电极；30-人眼追踪模块；40-驱动模块；50-处理模块。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
本公开实施例提供一种液晶光栅20，如图2所示，包括：相对设 置的第一基板21和第二基板22、设置于第一基板21和第二基板22之间的液晶层23以及多个隔垫物24。如图3所示，液晶光栅20被构造成加电时形成交替排列的透光区25和暗态区26。沿垂直透光区25延伸方向的第一方向，所述多个隔垫物按周期分布；所述透光区的宽度为所述周期的正整数倍。
此处，当液晶光栅20应用于3D显示装置时，由于观看者的位置会发生变化，为了使观看者在不同位置，都能观看到3D效果，因而，透光区25的位置也应随观看者眼睛的位置而进行调整，以使在不同位置处，都能使左眼图像通过透光区25输入观看者的左眼，使右眼图像通过透光区25输入观看者的右眼。
其中，不对第一基板21和第二基板22的具体结构进行限定，只要能通过电场对液晶层23中液晶的控制，使液晶光栅20呈现透光区25、暗态区26交替排列的形态(如图3a所示)，且透光区25、暗态区26的位置是可调的，从而能使左眼图像通过透光区25输入观看者的左眼，使右眼图像通过透光区25输入观看者的右眼即可。
图3b为图3a所示实施例中液晶光栅的透光区平移之后的示意图。能够看出，在透光区平移之后，能看到的隔垫物24总量是不变的。
当所述透光区的宽度为所述隔垫物分布周期的正整数倍时，无论液晶光栅20的透光区25的位置如何变化，位于透光区25中的隔垫物24的数量保持相等，即，不管观看者在哪个位置，能看到的隔垫物24总量是不变的(如图3a、图3b、图4a和图4b所示)。
需要说明的是，图3a和图3b所示的实施例中，所述透光区25的宽度L2为所述隔垫物分布周期L1的3倍，但本公开并不限于此，所述透光区25的宽度L2可以为所述隔垫物分布周期L1的4、5倍等等，只要能产生3D图像即可。
如图5所示为当液晶光栅20应用于3D显示装置时的光路图，根据该光路图，可有如下关系式：
Figure PCTCN2018070784-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2018070784-appb-000002
由上述两个关系式，可得到：
Figure PCTCN2018070784-appb-000003
其中，P为像素单元的宽度；H为液晶光栅20相对显示面板的放置高度；h＝H/n，n为y液晶光栅的折射率；S为最佳观看距离；C为液晶光栅20中一个透光区25和一个暗态区26的宽度和；L为瞳孔间距。
基于此，根据已知的H、L、P，便可计算得到C值和S值。其中，由于透光区25和暗态区26的宽度相等，因而根据C值，便可得到透光区25的宽度。
本公开实施例提供一种液晶光栅20，由于隔垫物24会微弱的影响光透过率，因而，沿垂直透光区25延伸方向的第一方向，使透光区25宽度L2为隔垫物24的分布周期L1的正整数倍。当所述液晶光栅20应用于3D显示装置时，在观看者移动时，保证观看者能看到的隔垫物24总量是不变的。因而，不会由于看到的隔垫物24数量不同，而导致出现明显的亮度变化。本公开的液晶光栅20应用于3D显示装置时，提高了3D显示效果。
可选的，所述透光区的宽度为40～50μm。
其中，由于透光区25宽度L2为隔垫物24的分布周期L1的正整数倍，因此一个透光区25和一个暗态区26的宽度C可根据上述的关系式
Figure PCTCN2018070784-appb-000004
计算得到。根据C值，在例如透光区25和暗态区26的宽度相等的情况下，则可以计算得到透光区25的宽度值。
基于此，根据液晶光栅20所应用的3D显示装置中显示面板的像素单元的宽度，瞳距(其中，瞳距一般为65mm)，便可得到透光区25的宽度。其中，当3D显示装置为手机等手持电子设备时，透光区25的宽度为40～50μm。
示例的，当3D显示装置为手机时，取最佳观看距离为30-40cm，根据产品参数的配置，透光区25的宽度可以设定为47.285μm。在此基础上，根据实际的3D效果，可适当在47.285μm基础上进行调整，例如可以为42.5μm、45.75μm等数值。
可选的，如图6所示，第一基板21包括多个平行排列的条状第一电极211，第一电极211之间相互绝缘；第二基板22包括第二电极221， 第二电极221用于与第一电极211形成电场。其中，连续相邻的N个第一电极211用于形成一个透光区25；N为大于等于2的正整数。
此处，连续相邻的N个第一电极211用于形成一个透光区25，即，可向连续相邻的N个第一电极211施加相同的电压，以使这N个第一电极211所在的区域的液晶偏转状态相同，并使光可透出，从而形成透光区25。
由于液晶光栅20被构造成加电时形成交替排列的透光区25和暗态区26，因而，每个透光区25都应包括连续相邻的N个第一电极211。其中，可每隔连续相邻的M个第一电极211，向连续相邻的N个第一电极211施加相同的第一电压，以使连续相邻的N个第一电极211所在的区域形成透光区25。在此基础上，可向这连续相邻的M个第一电极211施加相同的第二电压，以使连续相邻的M个第一电极211所在的区域形成暗态区。M为大于等于2的正整数。
其中，由于随着观看者位置的移动，透光区25和暗态区26的位置都会发生变化，因此，沿垂直第一电极211的方向，连续相邻的N个第一电极211中第一个第一电极211都是不固定的。
具体的，沿垂直第一电极211的方向，可向第P个到第P+N-1个第一电极211输入相同的第一电压，以使第P个到第P+N-1个第一电极211所在区域形成一个透光区25；向第P+N个到第P+N+M-1个第一电极211输入相同的第二电压，以使第P+N个到第P+N+M-1个第一电极211所在区域形成一个暗态区26；向第P+N+M个到P+2N+M-1个第一电极211输入相同的第一电压，以使第P+N+M个到P+2N+M-1个第一电极211所在区域形成一个透光区25；向第P+2N+M个到第P+2N+2M-1个第一电极211输入相同的第二电压，以使第P+2N+M个到第P+2N+2M-1个第一电极211所在区域形成暗态区26；依次类推，每隔M个第一电极211，向连续相邻的N个第一电极211输入相同的第一电压，并向用于形成暗态区26的M个第一电极211输入相同的第二电压。其中，P为大于等于1的正整数。
例如，如图7所示，沿垂直第一电极211的方向，可向第一个到第八个第一电极211输入相同的第一电压，以使第一个到第八个第一电极211所在区域形成一个透光区25；向第九个到第十六个第一电极211输入相同的第二电压，以使第九个到第十六个第一电极211所在区 域形成一个暗态区26；向第十七个到第二十四个第一电极211输入相同的第一电压，以使第十七个到第二十四个第一电极211所在区域形成一个透光区25；向第二十五个到第三十二个第一电极211输入相同的第二电压，以使第二十五个到第三十二个第一电极211所在区域形成暗态区26。
需要说明的是，上述以P＝1为例进行示意，根据观看者人眼的位置的不同，P可以等于1，也可以等于2、3、4等。当P＝2时，则可向第二个到第九个第一电极211输入相同的第一电压，以使第二个到第九个第一电极211所在区域形成一个透光区25；向第十个到第十七个第一电极211输入相同的第二电压，以使第十个到第十九个第一电极211所在区域形成一个暗态区26；以此类推。当P＝3时，可向第三个到第十个第一电极211输入相同的第一电压，以使第三个到第十个第一电极211所在区域形成一个透光区25；向第十一个到第十八个第一电极211输入相同的第二电压，以使第十一个到第十八个第一电极211所在区域形成一个暗态区26；以此类推。
此外，N的数值越大，在实际应用中，随着观看者位置的不同，透光区25和暗态区26的位置调节越精确，因而，可结合具体工艺以及对3D的观看需求而定。
N和M的值可以相等，也可以不相同，只要保证透光区25和暗态区26的宽度相等即可。
本公开实施例，通过在第一基板21上设置多个相互绝缘的第一电极211，可根据观看者人眼的位置，灵活的选取用于形成透光区25的起始第一电极211，从而根据观看者位置的不同，适时调整透光区25的位置，以在任意位置可实现良好的裸眼3D显示效果。
进一步优选的，如图8所示，沿垂直第一电极211的方向，从第一个第一电极211开始，每N个第一电极211所在的区域(图8中虚线框所示的区域)中具有Q个隔垫物24；Q个隔垫物24沿第一电极211的方向等间距排成一排；Q为大于等于2的正整数。
需要说明的是，每N个第一电极211所在的区域，即：从第一个第一电极211开始到第N-1个第一电极211为一个区域，从第N个第一电极211开始到第2N-1个第一电极211为一个区域，依次类推。
进一步可选的，所有隔垫物24呈矩阵排布。
这样，比较容易制作，且可以进一步优化裸眼3D的显示效果。
可选的，如图9所示，第奇数个第一电极211位于同一层，第偶数个第一电极211位于同一层，且第奇数个第一电极211和第偶数个第一电极211之间通过绝缘层隔离；第偶数个第一电极211和与其两侧相邻的第奇数个第一电极211分别具有正对重合部分。
其中，可使第奇数个第一电极211等间距排布，使第偶数个第一电极211等间距排布。
将第奇数个第一电极211和第偶数个第一电极211分成两层设置，一方面，当连续相邻的N个第一电极211用于形成透光区25时，由于第数个第一电极211和相邻的第偶数个第一电极211之间具有正对重合部分，因而使得连续相邻的N个第一电极211无间隔，可保证透光区25完全透光且发出的光亮度一致；当连续相邻的M各第一电极211用于形成暗态区26时，可保证暗态区26完全不透光；另一方面，可降低工艺制作难度，使第一电极211的总个数做的更多。
可选的，如图6和图9所示，第二电极221的个数为一个，且第二电极221呈面状。基于此，形成第二电极221的工艺较为简单，且第二电极221的驱动也较为简单。
或者，如图10所示，第二电极221为多个，多个第二电极221平行排布且相互绝缘，第二电极221为条状，与第一电极211的延伸方向相同；其中，第二电极221与第一电极211呈交错排列，且第二电极221和与其相邻的两个第一电极211分别具有正对重合部分。
将第二电极221设置为多个，可分别向第二电极221施加电压，在此基础上，使第二电极221和与其相邻的两个第一电极211分别具有正对重合部分，可使对液晶光栅20中透光区25和暗态区26的控制更精细化。
本公开实施例还提供一种3D显示装置，如图11所示，包括显示面板10、上述的液晶光栅20、人眼追踪模块30、以及驱动模块40。
其中，人眼追踪模块30用于获取观看者的眼睛所在的位置。
驱动模块40与液晶光栅20和人眼追踪模块30连接，用于根据人眼追踪模块30获取的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置，控制液晶光栅20形成交替排列的透光区25和暗态区26，使观看者的左眼通过液晶光栅20的透光区25看到显示面板显示的左眼图像，右眼通过透光区25看 到显示面板显示的右眼图像。
本公开实施例提供一种3D显示装置，通过人眼追踪模块30获取观看者的眼睛所在的位置，以使驱动模块40根据观看者的眼睛所在的当前位置，控制液晶光栅20形成交替排列的透光区25和暗态区26，使观看者的左眼通过液晶光栅20的透光区25看到显示面板显示的左眼图像，右眼通过透光区25看到显示面板显示的右眼图像。由于可根据观看者位置的不同，适时调整透光区25的位置，因而可在任意位置可实现良好的裸眼3D显示效果。其中，所述透光区的宽度为所述隔垫物分布周期的正整数倍。由此，在观看者移动时，保证观看者能看到的隔垫物24总量是不变的。因而，不会由于看到的隔垫物24数量不同，而导致出现明显的亮度变化。本公开的液晶光栅20应用于3D显示装置时，提高了3D显示效果。
可选的，驱动模块40用于根据人眼追踪模块30获取的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置，控制所述液晶光栅形成交替排列的透光区25和暗态区26，包括：驱动模块40用于根据人眼追踪模块30获取的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置，控制第一电极211和第二电极221的电压，使液晶光栅20形成交替排列的透光区25和暗态区26。
在本公开实施例中，当在第一基板21上设置多个相互绝缘的第一电极211时，可根据观看者人眼的位置，灵活的选取用于形成透光区25的连续相邻的N个第一电极211，并输入相同的第一电压，在用于形成透光区25的连续相邻的N个第一电极211确定后，则用于形成暗态区26的连续相邻的M个第一电极211也确定，向其输入相同的第二电压。因而，本公开实施例通过控制第一电极211和第二电极221的电压，可在任意位置可实现良好的裸眼3D显示效果。
进一步可选的，如图12所示，3D显示装置还包括处理模块50，与人眼追踪模块30连接，用于计算与观看者的左、右眼相平行的方向上，观看者的眼睛所在的当前位置相对于初始位置之间的距离。其中，初始位置为通过出厂设置的第一电极211和第二电极221的电压所呈现的液晶光栅20的透光区25，使观看者的左眼看到左眼图像，右眼看到右眼图像的位置。
基于此，驱动模块40用于根据人眼追踪模块30获取的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置，控制第一电极211和第二电极221的电压，使液 晶光栅20形成交替排列的透光区25和暗态区26，包括：驱动模块40用于根据处理模块50得到的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置相对于初始位置之间的距离，通过所述距离与第一电极211的电压的对应关系表，控制第一电极211和第二电极221的电压，使液晶光栅20形成交替排列的透光区25和暗态区26。这样，使得控制过程更简单。
其中，观看者眼睛所在的当前位置相对于初始位置之间的距离与第一电极211的电压的对应关系表可预先存储。
基于上述，显示面板10可以为液晶显示面板。在此情况下，液晶光栅20可设置于液晶显示面板的入光侧或出光侧。例如，在图4a和图4b中，显示面板10是液晶显示面板，并且所述液晶光栅20布置在所述液晶显示面板的入光侧。
若显示面板10为OLED(Organic Light Emitting Diode，有机电致发光二极管)显示面板或者液晶显示面板或电子墨水屏或者电润湿显示面板时，液晶光栅20可以设置于显示面板的出光侧。
本公开实施例还提供一种上述3D显示装置的驱动方法，如图13所示，包括以下步骤：S10，人眼追踪模块30获取观看者的眼睛所在的位置；以及S20，驱动模块40根据人眼追踪模块30获取的观看者的眼睛所在的当前位置，控制液晶光栅20形成交替排列的透光区25和暗态区26，使观看者的左眼通过液晶光栅20的透光区25看到显示面板10显示的左眼图像，右眼通过透光区25看到显示面板10显示的右眼图像。
此处，驱动模块40根据人眼追踪模块30获取的观看者的眼睛所在的当前位置，控制液晶光栅20形成交替排列的透光区25和暗态区26，包括：驱动模块40根据人眼追踪模块30获取的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置，控制第一电极211和第二电极221的电压，使液晶光栅20形成交替排列的透光区25和暗态区26。
本公开实施例提供一种3D显示装置的驱动方法，通过人眼追踪模块30获取观看者的眼睛所在的位置，以使驱动模块40根据观看者的眼睛所在的当前位置，控制液晶光栅20形成交替排列的透光区25和暗态区26，使观看者的左眼通过液晶光栅20的透光区25看到显示面板显示的左眼图像，右眼通过透光区25看到显示面板显示的右眼图像。由于可根据观看者位置的不同，适时调整透光区25的位置，因而可在 任意位置可实现良好的裸眼3D显示效果。其中，所述透光区的宽度为所述隔垫物分布周期的正整数倍。由此，在观看者移动时，保证观看者能看到的隔垫物24总量是不变的。因而，不会由于看到的隔垫物24数量不同，而导致出现明显的亮度变化。本公开的液晶光栅20应用于3D显示装置时，提高了3D显示效果。
可选的，所述方法还包括：处理模块50计算与观看者的左、右眼相平行的方向上，观看者的眼睛所在的当前位置相对于初始位置之间的距离；其中，所述初始位置为通过出厂设置的第一电极211和第二电极221的电压所呈现的液晶光栅20的透光区25，使观看者的左眼看到所述左眼图像，右眼看到右眼图像的位置。
基于此，驱动模块40根据人眼追踪模块30获取的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置，控制第一电极211和第二电极221的电压，使液晶光栅20形成交替排列的透光区25和暗态区26，包括：驱动模块40根据处理模块50得到的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置相对于初始位置之间的距离，通过所述距离与第一电极211的电压的对应关系表，控制第一电极211和第二电极221的电压，使液晶光栅20形成交替排列的透光区25和暗态区26。这样，使得控制过程更简单。
以上所述，仅为本公开的具体实施方式，但本公开的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本公开揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本公开的保护范围之内。因此，本公开的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种液晶光栅，包括：相对设置的第一基板和第二基板、设置于所述第一基板和所述第二基板之间的液晶层以及多个隔垫物；
    其中，所述液晶光栅被构造成加电时形成交替排列的透光区和暗态区；沿垂直所述透光区延伸方向的第一方向，所述多个隔垫物按周期分布；所述透光区的宽度为所述周期的正整数倍。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶光栅，其中，所述透光区的宽度为40～50μm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶光栅，其中，所述透光区的宽度为42.5μm、45.75μm或47.285μm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶光栅，其中，所述第一基板包括多个平行排列的条状第一电极，所述第一电极之间相互绝缘；
    所述第二基板包括第二电极，所述第二电极用于与所述第一电极形成电场；
    其中，连续相邻的N个第一电极用于形成一个所述透光区；N为大于等于2的正整数。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的液晶光栅，其特征在于，沿垂直所述第一电极的方向，从所述第一个第一电极开始，每N个第一电极所在的区域中具有Q个所述隔垫物；Q为大于等于2的正整数；
    Q个所述隔垫物沿所述第一电极的方向等间距排成一排。
  6. 根据权利要求1或5所述的液晶光栅，其中，所有所述隔垫物呈阵列排布。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶光栅，其中，第奇数个所述第一电极位于同一层，第偶数个所述第一电极位于同一层，且第奇数个所述第一电极和第偶数个所述第一电极之间通过绝缘层隔离；
    第偶数个所述第一电极和与其两侧相邻的第奇数个所述第一电极分别具有正对重合部分。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶光栅，其中，所述第二电极的个数为一个，且所述第二电极呈面状；或者，
    所述第二电极为多个，多个所述第二电极平行排布且相互绝缘，所述第二电极为条状，与所述第一电极的延伸方向相同；
    其中，所述第二电极与所述第一电极呈交错排列，且所述第二电极和与其相邻的两个所述第一电极分别具有正对重合部分。
  9. 一种3D显示装置，包括显示面板、权利要求1-7任一项所述的液晶光栅、人眼追踪模块、以及驱动模块；
    所述人眼追踪模块用于获取观看者的眼睛所在的位置；
    所述驱动模块与所述液晶光栅和所述人眼追踪模块连接，用于根据所述人眼追踪模块获取的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置，控制所述液晶光栅形成交替排列的透光区和暗态区，使观看者的左眼通过所述液晶光栅的透光区看到所述显示面板显示的左眼图像，右眼通过所述透光区看到所述显示面板显示的右眼图像。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的3D显示装置，其中，所述驱动模块用于根据所述人眼追踪模块获取的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置，控制所述液晶光栅形成交替排列的透光区和暗态区，包括：
    所述驱动模块用于根据所述人眼追踪模块获取的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置，控制第一电极和第二电极的电压，使所述液晶光栅形成交替排列的透光区和暗态区。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的3D显示装置，还包括处理模块，与所述人眼追踪模块连接，用于计算与观看者的左、右眼相平行的方向上，观看者的眼睛所在的当前位置相对于初始位置之间的距离；其中，所述初始位置为通过出厂设置的所述第一电极和所述第二电极的电压所呈现的所述液晶光栅的透光区，使观看者的左眼看到所述左眼图像，右眼看到所述右眼图像的位置；
    所述驱动模块用于根据所述人眼追踪模块获取的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置，控制第一电极和第二电极的电压，使所述液晶光栅形成交替排列的透光区和暗态区，包括：
    所述驱动模块用于根据处理模块得到的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置相对于初始位置之间的距离，通过所述距离与所述第一电极的电压的对应关系表，控制第一电极和第二电极的电压，使所述液晶光栅形成交替排列的透光区和暗态区。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的3D显示装置，其中，所述显示面板为液晶显示面板，所述液晶光栅设置于所述液晶显示面板的入光侧或出光侧；或者，
    所述显示面板为OLED显示面板，所述液晶光栅设置于所述OLED显示面板的出光侧。
  13. 一种如权利要求9-12任一项所述3D显示装置的驱动方法，包括：
    人眼追踪模块获取观看者的眼睛所在的位置；
    驱动模块根据所述人眼追踪模块获取的观看者的眼睛所在的当前位置，控制液晶光栅形成交替排列的透光区和暗态区，使观看者的左眼通过所述透光区看到显示面板显示的左眼图像，右眼通过所述透光区看到所述显示面板显示的右眼图像。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的驱动方法，其中，所述驱动模块根据所述人眼追踪模块获取的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置，控制所述液晶光栅形成交替排列的透光区和暗态区，包括：
    所述驱动模块根据所述人眼追踪模块获取的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置，控制第一电极和第二电极的电压，使所述液晶光栅形成交替排列的透光区和暗态区。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的驱动方法，还包括：
    处理模块计算与观看者的左、右眼相平行的方向上，观看者的眼睛所在的当前位置相对于初始位置之间的距离；其中，所述初始位置为通过出厂设置的所述第一电极和所述第二电极的电压所呈现的所述液晶光栅的透光区，使观看者的左眼看到所述左眼图像，右眼看到所述右眼图像的位置；
    所述驱动模块根据所述人眼追踪模块获取的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置，控制第一电极和第二电极的电压，使所述液晶光栅形成交替排列的透光区和暗态区，包括：
    所述驱动模块根据处理模块得到的观看者眼睛所在的当前位置相对于初始位置之间的距离，通过所述距离与所述第一电极的电压的对应关系表，控制第一电极和第二电极的电压，使所述液晶光栅形成交替排列的透光区和暗态区。
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