WO2018205194A1 - 塔吊安全管理系统和管理方法 - Google Patents

塔吊安全管理系统和管理方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018205194A1
WO2018205194A1 PCT/CN2017/083893 CN2017083893W WO2018205194A1 WO 2018205194 A1 WO2018205194 A1 WO 2018205194A1 CN 2017083893 W CN2017083893 W CN 2017083893W WO 2018205194 A1 WO2018205194 A1 WO 2018205194A1
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Prior art keywords
tower crane
sensor
data
management system
tower
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PCT/CN2017/083893
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗红兵
郑国维
Original Assignee
深圳市柘叶红实业有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/083893 priority Critical patent/WO2018205194A1/zh
Publication of WO2018205194A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018205194A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/88Safety gear

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tower crane management system, and more particularly to a tower crane safety management system and management method.
  • a tower crane belongs to a non-continuous handling machine and is a full-turn hoisting machine with a boom mounted at a high position.
  • the tower crane has the characteristics of large body, high center of gravity, large lifting weight, wide range of functions and fast running speed.
  • the high efficiency of vertical transportation makes the tower crane widely used in the construction industry.
  • Tower cranes can be divided into foundations, towers, jacking, swinging, lifting, balancing arms, booms, lifting trolleys, tower tops, cabs, variable amplitude and the like.
  • the foundation is the part of the tower crane installed on the ground;
  • the tower body is the body of the tower crane, which is also the elevated part;
  • the jacking is the part that makes the tower crane can rise;
  • the rotation is the part that keeps the upper body of the tower crane horizontally rotatable;
  • the balance arm is the part that maintains the balance of the moment;
  • the jib frame is the force-receiving part of the lifting weight;
  • the trolley is used to install the pulley block and the steel rope and the hook, which is the direct force part
  • the top of the tower is the part used to maintain the balance of the boom;
  • the cab is the place to operate;
  • the variable width is the part that makes the trolley run along the track.
  • Tower cranes are also a kind of mechanical equipment with many risk factors and a high probability of accidents. According to the statistics of relevant departments, the accident rate of tower cranes has reached 2.77%. In the accidents, various tower cranes violated the regulations, and the overload operation was the main cause. Some construction enterprises rushed to the construction period, grabbed the progress, violated the regulations, and the super-torque lifting operation caused the tower crane structure to be fatigue-stabilized, and the tower crane group interfered and collided. At present, the tower crane operation is mostly applied with mechanical limit device protection, and the performance is general. The tower crane recorder and the tower crane black box are installed for monitoring. The closed recording method is adopted, which is mainly used for accident lag analysis, and has little significance.
  • the present invention provides a tower crane safety management system and a management method capable of effectively monitoring a tower crane, and the specific technical solutions are:
  • Tower crane safety management system including sensor system, data acquisition system, server, wireless communication system And a security management system
  • the sensor system is connected to the data collection system through a wireless communication system
  • the data collection system is connected to a server
  • the security management system is connected to the server
  • the sensor system is used to acquire various data of the tower crane
  • the data acquisition system is configured to collect information of the sensor system and transmit to the central server
  • the wireless communication system is used for data transmission
  • the server is used for data storage and management
  • the security management system sets operating parameters to the server
  • the data in the process is processed, the operation status of the tower crane is monitored and displayed on the display, the tower crane is diagnosed healthily, the health status diagnosis report is obtained, and the tower crane is ineffective or faulty according to the health condition diagnosis report, and the tower crane operation safety is evaluated. , get a safety evaluation report.
  • the sensor subsystem comprises a dynamic sensor and a static sensor; the dynamic sensor is used for monitoring the running state of the tower crane; and the static sensor is used for monitoring the structural state of the tower crane.
  • the dynamic sensor comprises a load cell, a vibration sensor, a distance sensor, a wind speed sensor, an angle sensor and a displacement sensor;
  • the load cell is used for measuring the weight of the lifting weight;
  • the vibration sensor is used for measuring a hoisting/amplifying/swinging mechanism driving motor, and a vibration signal of a hoisting/amplifying/swinging mechanism reducer for measuring a height position of the hook and a position of the trolley;
  • the wind speed sensor is for measuring The wind speed of the environment is used to measure the rotation angle of the boom relative to the tower body;
  • the displacement sensor is used to measure the displacement signal of the brake of the swing mechanism;
  • the dynamic sensor comprises a strain sensor for collecting the tower of the tower crane Strain signals for the body, boom and balance arm.
  • the weighing sensor is a wireless digital transmission electronic sling;
  • the vibration sensor is a piezoelectric acceleration sensor, and is driven by a perforating method, a welding method or a magnetic pedestal method to a driving motor and a deceleration in each mechanism of the tower crane.
  • the distance sensor is a laser ranging sensor, and the laser distance measuring sensors are all mounted on the trolley;
  • the wind speed sensor is installed on the top of the tower;
  • the displacement sensor is a high-precision linear displacement sensor, which is bolted to the brake in the tower crane slewing mechanism for sensing the displacement information of the brake shoe;
  • the strain sensor is The temperature-compensated fiber grating strain sensor is mounted to the steel structure by welding.
  • the security management system includes a parameter setting module, a health diagnosis and prediction module, and a security evaluation module;
  • the parameter setting module is configured to set sensor calibration, work forbidden zone setting, and weight limit. The value, the amplitude limit value and the wind speed limit value are set;
  • the health diagnosis and prediction module is used for displaying the diagnosis report of each mechanism and structure of the tower crane, and the overall health diagnosis report of the tower crane;
  • the safety evaluation module is used for displaying the port tower crane The results of safety assessments of agencies and structures, and the overall safety assessment results of tower cranes.
  • the anti-collision module is further configured to prevent adjacent tower cranes in the tower crane group from colliding with each other
  • the method for managing the tower crane safety management system comprises the following steps:
  • S2 data conversion the data acquisition system converts the physical quantity corresponding to various parameters into an electrical signal, and then transmits the electrical signal to the signal conditioning circuit through the cable for data amplification processing, and then the electrical signal is changed by the A/D conversion module. Digital signal, sent to the server through the serial bus;
  • the security management system calls the data in the server, displays the relevant data to the tower crane driver through the display screen, and compares the preset weight, amplitude, wind speed limit value and the collision avoidance parameter with the preset, When the preset limit value is reached or exceeded, an early warning signal is issued to prompt the worker, and a control signal is sent to the corresponding relay to realize control of the corresponding motor, thereby achieving the purpose of safety protection and realizing collision avoidance of the tower crane group;
  • the safety management system calls the data in the server to perform a health diagnosis on the tower crane, and obtains a health status diagnosis report.
  • S5 safety evaluation according to the health condition diagnosis report to predict whether the tower crane is invalid or malfunctioning, evaluate the safety of the tower crane operation, and obtain a safety evaluation report.
  • the anti-collision in the step S2 includes the following steps:
  • [0020] preset the maximum distance L of the adjacent tower crane into the interference zone, that is, the sum of the maximum gyration radii of the two tower cranes.
  • the distance D ⁇ L between the two tower cranes is measured, it indicates that the two tower cranes may enter the interference area.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the tower crane safety management system and management method provided by the invention combines the current digital processing technology, the sensor technology and the wireless communication technology based on the traditional mechanical and electronic sensors to form a new type of high-reliability tower crane safety management system.
  • the system realizes the monitoring, display, recording and alarming of the working state of the tower crane.
  • the distributed tower group control system is constructed, which can effectively realize the safe operation between the tower cranes. .
  • a tower crane safety management system comprising a sensor system, a data acquisition system, a server, a wireless communication system, and a security management system, wherein the sensor system is connected to a data acquisition system through a wireless communication system, and the data collection system is connected to a server.
  • the security management system is connected to the server; the sensor system is configured to acquire various data of the tower crane; the data collection system is configured to collect information of the sensor system and transmit the information to the central server; the wireless communication system is used for data transmission;
  • the server is used for data storage and management; the security management system sets operating parameters, processes data in the server, monitors the operation status of the tower crane and displays it on the display, and performs health diagnosis on the tower crane to obtain a health condition diagnosis. Report, and predict the failure or failure of the tower crane according to the health status diagnosis report, evaluate the safety of the tower crane operation, and obtain a safety evaluation report.
  • the sensor subsystem includes a dynamic sensor and a static sensor; the dynamic sensor is used to monitor an operating state of the tower crane; and the static sensor is used to monitor a structural state of the tower crane.
  • the dynamic sensor includes a load cell, a vibration sensor, a distance sensor, a wind speed sensor, an angle sensor, and a displacement sensor;
  • the load cell is used to measure the weight of the lifting weight;
  • the vibration sensor is used to measure the lifting / slewing / slewing mechanism drive motor, and vibration signal of the hoisting / luffing / slewing mechanism reducer for measuring the height position of the hook and the position of the trolley;
  • the speed sensor is used to measure the wind speed of the environment;
  • the angle sensor is used to measure the rotation angle of the boom relative to the tower body;
  • the displacement sensor is used to measure the displacement signal of the brake of the swing mechanism;
  • the dynamic sensor includes a strain sensor, The strain signal of the tower body, the boom and the balance arm of the tower crane is collected.
  • the weighing sensor is a wireless digital transmission electronic sling; the vibration sensor is a piezoelectric acceleration sensor, and is driven to a driving motor and a deceleration in each mechanism of the tower crane by a punching method, a welding method or a magnetic base method.
  • the distance sensor is a laser ranging sensor, and the laser distance measuring sensors are all mounted on the trolley;
  • the wind speed sensor is installed on the top of the tower;
  • the displacement sensor is a high-precision linear displacement sensor, which is bolted to the brake in the tower crane slewing mechanism for sensing the displacement information of the brake shoe;
  • the strain sensor is The temperature-compensated fiber grating strain sensor is mounted to the steel structure by welding.
  • the safety management system includes a parameter setting module, a health diagnosis and prediction module, and a safety evaluation module;
  • the parameter setting module is configured to set sensor calibration, work forbidden zone setting, weight limit value, amplitude limit value, and wind speed limit. Setting of the value;
  • the health diagnosis and prediction module is used to display the diagnosis report of each mechanism and structure of the tower crane, and the overall health diagnosis report of the tower crane;
  • the safety evaluation module is used to display the safety evaluation results of the various structures and structures of the port crane , and the overall safety evaluation results of the tower crane.
  • an anti-collision module for preventing adjacent tower cranes in the tower crane group from colliding with each other.
  • a method for managing a tower crane safety management system comprising the steps of:
  • S2 data conversion the data acquisition system converts the physical quantity corresponding to various parameters into an electrical signal, and then transmits the electrical signal to the signal conditioning circuit through the cable for data amplification processing, and then the electrical signal is changed by the A/D conversion module. Digital signal, sent to the server through the serial bus;
  • the security management system calls the data in the server, displays the relevant data to the tower crane driver through the display screen, and compares with the preset limit values of weight, amplitude, wind speed and anti-collision parameters.
  • the preset limit value is reached or exceeded, an early warning signal is issued to prompt the staff, and a control signal is sent to the corresponding relay to control the corresponding motor, thereby achieving the purpose of safety protection and realizing the collision avoidance of the tower crane group.
  • the safety management system calls the data in the server to perform health diagnosis on the tower crane, and obtains a health status diagnosis report.
  • S5 safety evaluation according to the health condition diagnosis report to predict whether the tower crane is invalid or malfunctioning, evaluate the safety of the tower crane operation, and obtain a safety evaluation report.
  • the collision avoidance in the step S2 includes the following steps:
  • [0040] preset the maximum distance L of the adjacent tower crane into the interference zone, that is, the sum of the maximum gyration radii of the two tower cranes.
  • the distance D ⁇ L between the two tower cranes is measured, it indicates that the two tower cranes may enter the interference area, ⁇ Send the data of the rotation angle, lifting height and amplitude amplitude of the tower crane through the wireless communication system, and receive the tower crane data that may interfere with itself, and comprehensively process the data according to the establishment of the corresponding mathematical model to further confirm whether Has entered the interference area and made the corresponding anti-collision decision.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

一种塔吊管理系统,塔吊安全管理系统包括传感器系统、数据采集系统、服务器、无线通信系统和安全管理系统,传感器系统通过无线通信系统与数据采集系统连接,数据采集系统与服务器连接,安全管理系统与服务器连接。该系统实现了对塔吊运行时工作状态的监控、显示、记录和报警,通过引入无线通信技术及可靠的防碰撞算法构建了分布式塔机群控制系统,可以有效地实现塔机间的安全作业。

Description

塔吊安全管理系统和管理方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种塔吊管理系统, 尤其是塔吊安全管理系统和管理方法。
背景技术
[0002] 塔吊属于一种非连续性搬运机械, 是一种起重臂装设于高处的全回转起重机械 。 塔吊具有机体庞大、 重心高、 起吊重量大、 作用范围广、 运行速度快等特点 , 高效率的垂直运输能力使塔吊在建筑行业得到大量应用。
[0003] 塔吊可以分为基础、 塔身、 顶升、 回转、 起升、 平衡臂、 起重臂、 起重小车、 塔顶、 司机室、 变幅等部分。 基础是塔吊安装在地面上的部分; 塔身是塔吊的 身子, 也是升高的部分; 顶升是使得塔吊可以升高的部分; 回转是保持塔吊上 半身可以水平旋转的部分; 起升机构用来将重物提升起来的部分; 平衡臂架是 保持力矩平衡的部分; 起重臂架是提升重物的受力部分; 小车是用来安装滑轮 组和钢绳以及吊钩的, 是直接受力部分; 塔顶是用来保持臂架受力平衡的部分 ; 司机室是操作的地方; 变幅是使小车沿轨道运行的部分。
技术问题
[0004] 塔吊也是一种蕴含危险因素较多、 事故发生机率较大的机械设备, 据有关部门 统计资料表明, 塔吊的事故率已达 2.77%。 在发生的事故中各种塔吊违规超限操 作、 超载作业是主因, 部分建筑企业赶工期、 抢进度, 违规超重、 超力矩起吊 作业, 致使塔吊结构疲劳失稳, 发生塔吊群干涉碰撞。 目前塔吊作业多应用机 械式限位装置保护, 性能一般, 安装塔吊记录仪、 塔吊黑匣子进行监测, 采用 的是封闭式的记录方式, 主要用于事故滞后分析, 意义不大。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0005] 为解决上述问题, 本发明提供一种能实吋监测塔吊的塔吊安全管理系统和管理 方法, 具体技术方案为:
[0006] 塔吊安全管理系统, 包括传感器系统、 数据采集系统、 服务器、 无线通信系统 和安全管理系统, 所述传感器系统通过无线通信系统与数据采集系统连接, 所 述数据采集系统与服务器连接, 所述安全管理系统与服务器连接; 所述传感器 系统用于获取塔吊各种数据; 所述数据采集系统用于采集传感器系统的信息并 传输给中心服务器; 所述无线通信系统用于数据的传输; 所述服务器用于数据 的存储和管理; 所述安全管理系统设置运行参数, 对服务器中的数据进行处理 , 监控塔吊的运作状态并显示在显示器上, 同吋对塔吊进行健康诊断, 得到健 康状况诊断报告, 并根据健康状况诊断报告预测塔吊是否失效或发生故障, 评 价塔吊运行安全性, 得到安全评价报告。
[0007] 优选的, 所述传感器子系统包括动态传感器和静态传感器; 所述动态传感器用 于监测塔吊的运行状态; 所述静态传感器用于监测塔吊的结构状态。
[0008] 其中, 所述动态传感器包括称重传感器、 振动传感器、 距离传感器、 风速传感 器、 角度传感器和位移传感器; 所述称重传感器用于测量提升重物的重量; 所 述振动传感器用于测量起升 /变幅 /回转机构驱动电机, 以及起升 /变幅 /回转机构 减速机的振动信号, 所述距离传感器用于测量吊钩的高度位置和小车的位置; 所述风速传感器用于测量环境的风速; 所述角度传感器用于测量起重臂相对于 塔身的转动角度; 所述位移传感器用于测量回转机构制动器的位移信号; 所述 动态传感器包括应变传感器, 用于采集塔吊的塔身、 起重臂和平衡臂的应变信 号。
[0009] 所述称重传感器为无线数传电子吊称; 所述振动传感器为压电式加速度传感器 , 采用打孔方式、 焊接方式或磁基座方式安装到塔吊各机构中的驱动电机及减 速机上, 用于测量驱动电机及减速机的振动加速度变化信息; 所述距离传感器 为激光测距传感器, 激光测距传感器均安装在小车上; 所述风速传感器安装在 塔顶上; 所述角度传感器固定在塔吊的回转台上; 所述位移传感器为高精度直 线式位移传感器, 采用螺栓固定方式安装到塔吊回转机构中的制动器上, 用于 感知制动器闸瓦的位移信息; 所述应变传感器为自温补光纤光栅应变传感器, 采用焊接方式安装到钢结构上。
[0010] 优选的, 所述安全管理系统包括参数设置模块、 健康诊断预报模块和安全性评 价模块; 所述参数设置模块用于设置传感器标定、 工作禁行区设置、 重量极限 值、 幅度极限值和风速极限值的设定; 所述健康诊断预报模块用于显示塔吊各 机构和结构的诊断报告, 以及塔吊总体的健康诊断报告; 所述安全性评价模块 用于显示港口塔吊各机构和结构的安全评价结果, 以及塔吊总体的安全评价结 果。
[0011] 其中, 还包括防撞模块, 所述防撞模块用于防止塔吊群中的相邻塔吊相互碰撞 [0012] 塔吊安全管理系统的管理方法, 包括以下步骤:
[0013] S1数据的采集, 传感器系统获取的各种数据通过有线和 /或无线传输给数据采 集系统;
[0014] S2数据的转换, 数据采集系统将各种参数对应的物理量转换成电信号, 然后通 过电缆将电信号传送到信号调理电路进行数据放大处理, 再由 A/D转换模块将电 信号变成数字信号, 通过串行总线送到服务器;
[0015] S3数据的存储和管理, 服务器对数字信号进行数据融合、 判断、 计算、 存储、 转化;
[0016] S4运行的监控, 安全管理系统调用服务器中的数据, 通过显示屏显示相关的数 据给塔机司机, 同吋与预设的重量、 幅度、 风速等极限值以及防撞参数进行比 较, 当到达或超过预设的极限值吋, 就发出预警信号提示工作人员, 并且对相 应继电器发出控制信号, 进而实现对相应电机的控制, 从而达到安全保护的目 的以及实现塔吊群的防撞;
[0017] S5健康状况的诊断, 安全管理系统调用服务器中的数据对塔吊进行健康诊断, 得到健康状况诊断报告,
[0018] S5安全评价, 根据健康状况诊断报告预测塔吊是否失效或发生故障, 评价塔吊 运行安全性, 得到安全评价报告。
[0019] 所述步骤 S2中防撞包括以下步骤:
[0020] 预设相邻塔吊进入干涉区的最大距离 L, 即两塔机最大回转半径之和, 当测出 两塔机之间的距离 D < L, 表示两塔机可能进入干涉区域, 此吋通过无线通讯系 统发送含有自身塔机的旋转角度、 起升高度及变幅幅度数据, 同吋接收可能与 自身发生干涉的塔机数据, 根据建立相应的数学模型进行数据综合处理, 进一 步确认是否已经进入干涉区域, 并做出相应防撞决策。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0021] 与现有技术相比本发明具有以下有益效果:
[0022] 本发明提供的塔吊安全管理系统和管理方法在传统机械和电子传感器的基础上 结合当前数字处理技术、 传感器技术及无线通信技术而幵发的一套新型、 高可 靠的塔吊安全管理系统, 该系统实现了对塔吊运行吋工作状态的监控、 显示、 记录和报警, 通过引入无线通信技术及可靠的防碰撞算法构建了分布式塔机群 控制系统, 可以有效地实现塔机间的安全作业。
本发明的实施方式
[0023] 现结合实施例说明本发明的具体实施方式。
[0024] 实施例 1
[0025] 塔吊安全管理系统, 包括传感器系统、 数据采集系统、 服务器、 无线通信系统 和安全管理系统, 所述传感器系统通过无线通信系统与数据采集系统连接, 所 述数据采集系统与服务器连接, 所述安全管理系统与服务器连接; 所述传感器 系统用于获取塔吊各种数据; 所述数据采集系统用于采集传感器系统的信息并 传输给中心服务器; 所述无线通信系统用于数据的传输; 所述服务器用于数据 的存储和管理; 所述安全管理系统设置运行参数, 对服务器中的数据进行处理 , 监控塔吊的运作状态并显示在显示器上, 同吋对塔吊进行健康诊断, 得到健 康状况诊断报告, 并根据健康状况诊断报告预测塔吊是否失效或发生故障, 评 价塔吊运行安全性, 得到安全评价报告。
[0026] 所述传感器子系统包括动态传感器和静态传感器; 所述动态传感器用于监测塔 吊的运行状态; 所述静态传感器用于监测塔吊的结构状态。
[0027] 所述动态传感器包括称重传感器、 振动传感器、 距离传感器、 风速传感器、 角 度传感器和位移传感器; 所述称重传感器用于测量提升重物的重量; 所述振动 传感器用于测量起升 /变幅 /回转机构驱动电机, 以及起升 /变幅 /回转机构减速机 的振动信号, 所述距离传感器用于测量吊钩的高度位置和小车的位置; 所述风 速传感器用于测量环境的风速; 所述角度传感器用于测量起重臂相对于塔身的 转动角度; 所述位移传感器用于测量回转机构制动器的位移信号; 所述动态传 感器包括应变传感器, 用于采集塔吊的塔身、 起重臂和平衡臂的应变信号。
[0028] 所述称重传感器为无线数传电子吊称; 所述振动传感器为压电式加速度传感器 , 采用打孔方式、 焊接方式或磁基座方式安装到塔吊各机构中的驱动电机及减 速机上, 用于测量驱动电机及减速机的振动加速度变化信息; 所述距离传感器 为激光测距传感器, 激光测距传感器均安装在小车上; 所述风速传感器安装在 塔顶上; 所述角度传感器固定在塔吊的回转台上; 所述位移传感器为高精度直 线式位移传感器, 采用螺栓固定方式安装到塔吊回转机构中的制动器上, 用于 感知制动器闸瓦的位移信息; 所述应变传感器为自温补光纤光栅应变传感器, 采用焊接方式安装到钢结构上。
[0029] 所述安全管理系统包括参数设置模块、 健康诊断预报模块和安全性评价模块; 所述参数设置模块用于设置传感器标定、 工作禁行区设置、 重量极限值、 幅度 极限值和风速极限值的设定; 所述健康诊断预报模块用于显示塔吊各机构和结 构的诊断报告, 以及塔吊总体的健康诊断报告; 所述安全性评价模块用于显示 港口塔吊各机构和结构的安全评价结果, 以及塔吊总体的安全评价结果。
[0030] 还包括防撞模块, 所述防撞模块用于防止塔吊群中的相邻塔吊相互碰撞。
[0031] 实施例 2
[0032] 塔吊安全管理系统的管理方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤:
[0033] S1数据的采集, 传感器系统获取的各种数据通过有线和 /或无线传输给数据采 集系统;
[0034] S2数据的转换, 数据采集系统将各种参数对应的物理量转换成电信号, 然后通 过电缆将电信号传送到信号调理电路进行数据放大处理, 再由 A/D转换模块将电 信号变成数字信号, 通过串行总线送到服务器;
[0035] S3数据的存储和管理, 服务器对数字信号进行数据融合、 判断、 计算、 存储、 转化;
[0036] S4运行的监控, 安全管理系统调用服务器中的数据, 通过显示屏显示相关的数 据给塔机司机, 同吋与预设的重量、 幅度、 风速等极限值以及防撞参数进行比 较, 当到达或超过预设的极限值吋, 就发出预警信号提示工作人员, 并且对相 应继电器发出控制信号, 进而实现对相应电机的控制, 从而达到安全保护的目 的以及实现塔吊群的防撞;
[0037] S5健康状况的诊断, 安全管理系统调用服务器中的数据对塔吊进行健康诊断, 得到健康状况诊断报告,
[0038] S5安全评价, 根据健康状况诊断报告预测塔吊是否失效或发生故障, 评价塔吊 运行安全性, 得到安全评价报告。
[0039] 所述步骤 S2中的防撞包括以下步骤:
[0040] 预设相邻塔吊进入干涉区的最大距离 L, 即两塔机最大回转半径之和, 当测出 两塔机之间的距离 D < L, 表示两塔机可能进入干涉区域, 此吋通过无线通讯系 统发送含有自身塔机的旋转角度、 起升高度及变幅幅度数据, 同吋接收可能与 自身发生干涉的塔机数据, 根据建立相应的数学模型进行数据综合处理, 进一 步确认是否已经进入干涉区域, 并做出相应防撞决策。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 塔吊安全管理系统, 其特征在于, 包括传感器系统、 数据采集系统、 服务器、 无线通信系统和安全管理系统, 所述传感器系统通过无线通 信系统和数据线与数据采集系统连接, 所述数据采集系统与服务器连 接, 所述安全管理系统与服务器连接; 所述传感器系统用于获取塔吊 各种数据; 所述数据采集系统用于采集传感器系统的信息并传输给中 心服务器; 所述无线通信系统用于数据的传输; 所述服务器用于数据 的存储和管理; 所述安全管理系统设置运行参数, 对服务器中的数据 进行处理, 监控塔吊的运作状态并显示在显示器上, 同吋对塔吊进行 健康诊断, 得到健康状况诊断报告, 并根据健康状况诊断报告预测塔 吊是否失效或发生故障, 评价塔吊运行安全性, 得到安全评价报告。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的塔吊安全管理系统, 其特征在于, 所述传感器 子系统包括动态传感器和静态传感器; 所述动态传感器用于监测塔吊 的运行状态; 所述静态传感器用于监测塔吊的结构状态。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 2所述的塔吊安全管理系统, 其特征在于, 所述动态传 感器包括称重传感器、 振动传感器、 距离传感器、 风速传感器、 角度 传感器和位移传感器; 所述称重传感器用于测量提升重物的重量; 所 述振动传感器用于测量起升 /变幅 /回转机构驱动电机, 以及起升 /变幅 /回转机构减速机的振动信号, 所述距离传感器用于测量吊钩的高度 位置和小车的位置; 所述风速传感器用于测量环境的风速; 所述角度 传感器用于测量起重臂相对于塔身的转动角度; 所述位移传感器用于 测量回转机构制动器的位移信号; 所述动态传感器包括应变传感器, 用于采集塔吊的塔身、 起重臂和平衡臂的应变信号。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 3所述的塔吊安全管理系统, 其特征在于, 所述称重传 感器为无线数传电子吊称; 所述振动传感器为压电式加速度传感器, 采用打孔方式、 焊接方式或磁基座方式安装到塔吊各机构中的驱动电 机及减速机上, 用于测量驱动电机及减速机的振动加速度变化信息; 所述距离传感器为激光测距传感器, 激光测距传感器均安装在小车上 ; 所述风速传感器安装在塔顶上; 所述角度传感器固定在塔吊的回转 台上; 所述位移传感器为高精度直线式位移传感器, 采用螺栓固定方 式安装到塔吊回转机构中的制动器上, 用于感知制动器闸瓦的位移信 息; 所述应变传感器为自温补光纤光栅应变传感器, 采用焊接方式安 装到钢结构上。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 1所述的塔吊安全管理系统, 其特征在于, 所述安全管 理系统包括参数设置模块、 健康诊断预报模块和安全性评价模块; 所 述参数设置模块用于设置传感器标定、 工作禁行区设置、 重量极限值 、 幅度极限值和风速极限值的设定; 所述健康诊断预报模块用于显示 塔吊各机构和结构的诊断报告, 以及塔吊总体的健康诊断报告; 所述 安全性评价模块用于显示港口塔吊各机构和结构的安全评价结果, 以 及塔吊总体的安全评价结果。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 5所述的塔吊安全管理系统, 其特征在于, 还包括防撞 模块, 所述防撞模块用于防止塔吊群中的相邻塔吊相互碰撞。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 1至 6任一项所述的塔吊安全管理系统的管理方法, 其特 征在于, 包括以下步骤:
S1数据的采集, 传感器系统获取的各种数据通过有线和 /或无线传输 给数据采集系统;
S2数据的转换, 数据采集系统将各种参数对应的物理量转换成电信号 , 然后通过电缆将电信号传送到信号调理电路进行数据放大处理, 再 由 A/D转换模块将电信号变成数字信号, 通过串行总线送到服务器; S3数据的存储和管理, 服务器对数字信号进行数据融合、 判断、 计算 、 存储、 转化;
S4运行的监控, 安全管理系统调用服务器中的数据, 通过显示屏显示 相关的数据给塔机司机, 同吋与预设的重量、 幅度、 风速等极限值以 及防撞参数进行比较, 当到达或超过预设的极限值吋, 就发出预警信 号提示工作人员, 并且对相应继电器发出控制信号, 进而实现对相应 电机的控制, 从而达到安全保护的目的以及实现塔吊群的防撞;
S5健康状况的诊断, 安全管理系统调用服务器中的数据对塔吊进行健 康诊断, 得到健康状况诊断报告,
S5安全评价, 根据健康状况诊断报告预测塔吊是否失效或发生故障, 评价塔吊运行安全性, 得到安全评价报告。
[权利要求 8] 根据权利要求 7所述的塔吊安全管理系统的管理方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 S2中的防撞包括以下步骤:
预设相邻塔吊进入干涉区的最大距离 L, 即两塔机最大回转半径之和 , 当测出两塔机之间的距离 D < L, 表示两塔机可能进入干涉区域, 此吋通过无线通讯系统发送含有自身塔机的旋转角度、 起升高度及变 幅幅度数据, 同吋接收可能与自身发生干涉的塔机数据, 根据建立相 应的数学模型进行数据综合处理, 进一步确认是否已经进入干涉区域 , 并做出相应防撞决策。
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