WO2018202011A1 - 拐角砌块及包含该拐角砌块的砌块套件 - Google Patents

拐角砌块及包含该拐角砌块的砌块套件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018202011A1
WO2018202011A1 PCT/CN2018/085116 CN2018085116W WO2018202011A1 WO 2018202011 A1 WO2018202011 A1 WO 2018202011A1 CN 2018085116 W CN2018085116 W CN 2018085116W WO 2018202011 A1 WO2018202011 A1 WO 2018202011A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
block
corner
convex structure
corner block
top surface
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/085116
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩文正
Original Assignee
深圳市梦圆翔建材科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳市梦圆翔建材科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市梦圆翔建材科技有限公司
Priority to EP18794808.8A priority Critical patent/EP3620587B1/en
Publication of WO2018202011A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018202011A1/zh
Priority to ZA2019/07625A priority patent/ZA201907625B/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/44—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
    • E04B2/46—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/66—Sealings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/50—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having a general shape differing from that of a parallelepiped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/52—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities the walls being characterised by fillings in some of the cavities forming load-bearing pillars or beams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/397—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra serving for locating conduits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0263—Building elements for making angled walls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of building materials, and in particular to a corner block and a block kit using the corner block.
  • the solid waste currently involved is mainly (1) industrial solid waste, including but not limited to waste slag, slag, and corner scrap of industrial products; (2) domestic waste, including but not limited to waste paper produced by daily life, waste Furniture, waste plastics, packaging materials, foods with residual deterioration; (3) construction waste, including but not limited to pieces of cement, bricks and pieces of decoration materials produced when demolition of old buildings; (4) urban sludge, including but not It is limited to sludge produced by sewage treatment, sludge excavated from urban underground works, sludge deposited in urban sewers all year round; (5) crop straw waste, including but not limited to rice straw, wheat straw, corn stover, sorghum straw, cotton straw, Peanut straw, sesame straw, rape straw.
  • industrial solid waste including but not limited to waste slag, slag, and corner scrap of industrial products
  • domestic waste including but not limited to waste paper produced by daily life, waste Furniture, waste plastics, packaging materials, foods with residual deterioration
  • construction waste including but not
  • the existing reusable blocks have a concave-convex fitting structure, but the protruding structures of such blocks are a plurality of intermittent convex portions disposed on the top surface of the block and the convex portions are disposed perpendicular to the top surface.
  • the protruding structures of such blocks are a plurality of intermittent convex portions disposed on the top surface of the block and the convex portions are disposed perpendicular to the top surface.
  • a corner block including an upper convex structure disposed on a top surface of the corner block, the upper convex structure extending along a length direction of the top surface and a length of the upper convex structure
  • the top surface has the same length; and a concave structure disposed on the bottom surface of the corner block, the concave structure is configured to receive the upper convex structure; wherein the upper convex structure includes an obliquely extending from the top surface a pair of guiding faces and a connecting face connecting the guiding faces.
  • the corner block comprises a first straight side portion, a second straight side portion, a corner portion connecting the first straight side portion and the second straight side portion
  • the upper convex structure is from the first straight side portion a top surface extending through a top surface of the corner portion to a top surface of the second straight side portion, the concave structure correspondingly extending from a bottom surface of the first straight side portion through a bottom surface of the corner portion to a bottom surface of the second straight portion.
  • one end of the first straight side portion away from the corner portion and one end of the second straight side portion away from the corner portion are recessed to be formed with a concave structure.
  • the corner block further comprises a positioning groove formed by the undressing of the upper convex structure at the corner portion, the positioning groove is for receiving the bottom surface of another corner block stacked on the corner block .
  • the positioning groove includes a first positioning groove adjacent to the first straight portion and a second positioning groove near the second straight portion.
  • the upper convex structure further includes a pair of curved faces, each of the curved faces being connected between the connecting face and the guiding face.
  • the corner block includes a plurality of positioning holes extending from a connecting surface of the upper convex structure to a bottom surface of the corner block and a plurality of wire tube holes on opposite sides of the upper convex structure, each A conduit hole extends from a top surface of the corner block to a bottom surface of the corner block.
  • the positioning hole and/or the wire tube hole are embedded with a built-in sleeve.
  • the corner block comprises a block body, a core embedded in the block body, and a waterproof layer covering the core, the waterproof layer being located between the block body and the core.
  • the corner block further comprises a support member fixedly connected to the waterproof layer and an insulation layer between the waterproof layer and the core, the support member being embedded in the block body.
  • the present invention also provides a block kit for building a building, the block kit comprising: standard blocks, corner blocks and adjustment blocks stacked on each other, interlocked to construct the building;
  • Each of the standard block, corner block, and adjustment block includes:
  • An upper convex structure disposed on the top surface, the upper convex structure extending along a length direction of the top surface and a length of the upper convex structure being the same as a length of the top surface;
  • a concave structure disposed on the bottom surface, the concave structure for receiving the upper convex structure
  • the upper convex structure comprises a pair of guiding surfaces formed obliquely from the top surface and a connecting surface connecting the guiding surfaces;
  • the plurality of blocks When a plurality of standard blocks, adjustment blocks, and corner blocks cooperate to construct the building, the plurality of blocks are stacked on each other, and the upper convex structure of one of the blocks and the adjacent one of the other blocks The concave structures are interlocked and locked.
  • the corner block comprises a first straight side portion, a second straight side portion, a corner portion connecting the first straight side portion and the second straight side portion
  • the upper convex structure is from the first straight side portion a top surface extending through a top surface of the corner portion to a top surface of the second straight portion
  • the concave structure correspondingly extending from a bottom surface of the first straight portion through a bottom surface of the corner portion to a bottom surface of the second straight portion.
  • one end of the first straight side portion away from the corner portion and one end of the second straight side portion away from the corner portion are recessed to be formed with a concave structure.
  • the corner block further comprises a positioning groove formed by the undressing of the upper convex structure at the corner portion, the positioning groove is for receiving the bottom surface of another corner block stacked on the corner block .
  • the positioning groove includes a first positioning groove adjacent to the first straight portion and a second positioning groove near the second straight portion.
  • each of the standard block, the corner block and the adjustment block comprises a plurality of positioning holes extending from the connecting surface of the upper convex structure to the bottom surface and respectively located in the upper convex structure a plurality of the tube holes on opposite sides, each of the line tube holes extending from the top surface to the bottom surface.
  • each of the standard block, the corner block, and the adjustment block includes a built-in sleeve that is internally built into the conduit hole and/or the locating hole.
  • each of the standard block, the corner block and the adjustment block comprises a block body, a core embedded in the block body, and a waterproof layer covering the core, A waterproof layer is located between the block body and the core.
  • each of the standard block, the corner block and the adjustment block further comprises a support fixedly connected to the waterproof layer and an insulation layer between the waterproof layer and the core, The support member is embedded in the block body.
  • each of the standard block, corner block and adjustment block includes a decorative layer attached to at least one side of the block.
  • the corner block provided by the present invention and the block set including the corner block have the beneficial effects of: the corner block in the block set, the standard block and the upper convex structure on the adjustment block
  • the entire top surface of the block extends to form an integral uninterrupted structure, and the guiding surface of the upper convex structure extends obliquely from the top surface, thereby preventing water from entering the inside of the block from the top surface, thereby achieving waterproofing of the block.
  • Figure 1 is a construction constructed using a block kit provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective structural view of an embodiment of a corner block included in the block kit of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective structural view of another embodiment of a corner block
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective structural view of an embodiment of a standard block included in the block kit of FIG. 1;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of a standard block
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view showing the three-dimensional structure of the adjustment block included in the block set shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of any one of the adjustment block, the corner block and the standard block;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of two corner blocks stacked
  • Figure 9 shows the dimensional relationship between the blocks in the block kit.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a building 900 constructed from a block kit of the present invention.
  • the block kit includes a standard block 100 for building a wall of a building 900, a corner block 200 for use at a corner of the building 900, for building a wall or a mating end at a door, window, etc.
  • the position adjustment block 300 and the reinforcement positioning plunger 400 that is detachably inserted in the stacked blocks.
  • a plurality of corner blocks, standard blocks and adjustment blocks are stacked on each other and interlocked to form a stable building.
  • the reinforcing positioning rod 400 is made of hollow metal, plastic or composite material and can be used as a water pipe, a gas pipe, a gas pipe, a strong electric or a weak electric pipe.
  • the reinforcing positioning plunger 400 can be a round, rectangular or other geometric rod-like object.
  • waterproofing glue, fastening glue, structural glue, cement or other bonding materials can be applied between the blocks to make the blocks tightly bonded together.
  • the block kit also includes a sealing gasket 500 sandwiched between two blocks stacked on each other, which may be any of a standard block, a corner block, and an adjustment block.
  • the corner block 200 is substantially L-shaped and includes a first straight portion 201, a second straight portion 202, and a corner portion connecting the first straight portion 201 and the second straight portion 202. 203.
  • the corner portion 203 is formed by joining the two sides at an angle of substantially 90°. Therefore, the extending direction of the first straight portion 201 is perpendicular to the extending direction of the second straight portion 202.
  • the concave portion 10 is concavely formed at one end of the first straight portion 201 away from the corner portion 203, and the concave portion 10 is recessed at one end of the second straight portion 202 away from the corner portion 203.
  • the recessed structure 10 is used to form an interlocking structure when mated with other blocks.
  • the corner block 200 includes an upper convex structure 11 disposed on a top surface of the corner block 200 and a concave structure 12 disposed on a bottom surface of the corner block 200.
  • the upper convex structure 11 extends along the length direction of the top surface and the length of the upper convex structure is equal to the length of the top surface. Specifically, the upper convex structure 11 extends from the top surface of the first straight side portion 201 through the top surface of the corner portion 203.
  • the top surface of the second straight portion 202 that is, the upper convex structure 11 extends along the length direction of the top surface of the entire corner block 200 to form an integral uninterrupted structure.
  • the recessed structure 12 is recessed from the bottom surface toward the top surface along the length direction of the bottom surface of the entire corner block 200. Specifically, the recessed structure 12 passes from the bottom surface of the first straight side portion 201 through the bottom surface of the corner portion 203. It extends all the way to the bottom surface of the second straight portion 202.
  • the upper convex structure 11 is received in the concave structure 12 of the adjacent block to realize the interlocking engagement of the two blocks. It can be understood that, referring to FIG.
  • the height H of the upper convex structure 11 is smaller than the depth D of the concave structure 12, so that when the upper convex structure 11 is received in the concave structure 12, A gap is formed which constitutes a transverse conduit groove 8 for accommodating water pipes, electric wires, communication cables, and the like in a horizontal direction.
  • the upper convex structure 11 includes a pair of guiding faces 111 formed obliquely from the top surface of the corner block 200 and a connecting face 112 connected between the pair of guiding faces 111.
  • a pair of guiding faces 111 extend toward each other, and each of the guiding faces 111 has an inclination angle with respect to the top face of more than 90° and less than 180°.
  • the integral uninterrupted upper convex structure is adopted and the guiding surface of the upper convex structure is inclined with respect to the top surface, thereby effectively preventing water from entering the inside of the block from the top surface.
  • the guiding surface is a sloped surface to better achieve the cooperation with the concave structure, and to play the role of guiding and positioning.
  • the corner block 200 further includes a locating recess formed by the undescending structure 11 located on the top surface of the corner portion 203.
  • the positioning groove is for accommodating the bottom surface of another corner block stacked on the corner block, specifically the bottom surface of the corner portion, so as to facilitate mutual cooperation when the two corner blocks are stacked to prevent mutual interference.
  • the positioning groove includes a first positioning groove 161 adjacent to the first straight portion 201 and a second positioning groove 162 adjacent to the second straight portion 202.
  • the first positioning groove 161 and the second positioning groove 162 are mutually Interval setting.
  • the upper convex structure 11 further includes a pair of curved surfaces 113 connected between the connecting surface 112 and the guiding surface 111, so that a smooth transition between the connecting surface 112 and the connecting surface 111 reduces stress concentration. And to prevent damage to the convex structure during transportation.
  • the connecting surface 113 has a cross section of 1/4 arc. Accordingly, the shape of the recessed structure 12 is adapted to the shape of the upper convex structure 11 to better accommodate the upper convex structure.
  • the corner block 200 further includes a plurality of positioning holes 7 and conduit holes 6 formed in the upper convex structure 11.
  • the plurality of positioning holes 7 and the wire tube holes 6 extend from the connecting face 112 of the upper convex structure 11 to the bottom surface of the corner block.
  • a plurality of positioning holes 7 and a wire tube hole 6 are spaced apart, and each of the wire tube holes 6 is located between the adjacent two positioning holes 7.
  • the conduit hole 6 has a substantially circular, rectangular or the like shape.
  • the positioning hole 7 has a substantially circular, rectangular or the like shape, and the inner diameter of the positioning hole 7 is larger than the inner diameter of the wire tube hole 6.
  • the positioning hole 7 is configured to receive the reinforcing positioning rod 400.
  • the reinforcing positioning rod 400 is movable and can be pulled out from the positioning hole 7 when needed.
  • the conduit hole 6 is for housing wires, water pipes, communication cables, and the like.
  • the corner block 200 further includes a heat insulating hole 17 which is formed on the top surface and is located on opposite sides of the upper convex structure 11.
  • the heat insulating hole 17 is used for filling the heat insulating and sound insulating material.
  • the heat insulating hole 17 extends from the top surface of the corner block 200 to the bottom surface thereof.
  • the corner block 200 is not provided with a heat insulating hole, and the wire tube hole 6 is disposed on the top surface of the corner block 200 and extends from the top surface to the bottom surface.
  • the plurality of conduit holes 6 are disposed on both sides of the upper convex structure 11 .
  • the corner block 200 includes a block body 2001, a core portion 2002 embedded inside the block body 2001, a waterproof layer 2003 between the block body 2001 and the core portion 2002, and a waterproof layer 2003 and a core portion.
  • the support member 2005 is embedded in the block body 2001.
  • the waterproof layer 2003 may be a waterproof film disposed to cover the core portion 2002; the support member 2005 is used to support the waterproof layer 2003.
  • the support member 2005 may be a claw member made of metal so as to be able to support the waterproof layer 2003 over a large area, and the support member 2005 is internally provided with a tensile rib so that the waterproof layer 2003 is flattened under the support of the support member 2005.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the core portion 2002 and the heat insulating layer 2004 is coated.
  • the support member can be mixed with the block body to also enhance the strength of the block.
  • the heat insulating layer 2004 is disposed inside the waterproof layer 2003, and can better serve the heat preservation.
  • the built-in sleeve extends through the block body 2001 and the core portion 2002 of the corner block 200.
  • the waterproof layer 2003 is correspondingly provided with a through hole, and the waterproof layer 2003 extends obliquely from the through hole toward the block body 2001, thereby further enhancing the waterproof effect.
  • the insulating layer 2004 is made of an insulating material such as a sponge.
  • the core portion 2002 may be made of a heat insulating material, or may be made of a high strength bulletproof material such as a high strength ceramic or the like; in addition, the core portion 2002 may be made of the same material as the block body 2001.
  • the corner block 200 also includes a built-in sleeve 207 that is internally built into the conduit hole 6 and/or the locating aperture 7.
  • the inner sleeve 207 can make the inner surface of the wire tube hole or the positioning hole smooth, and facilitate the insertion or removal of the wire tube or the fixing rod.
  • a decorative layer 13 may be connected to one side or both sides of the corner block 200.
  • the decorative color and pattern of the decorative layer 13 may be integrally formed with the block or bonded and integrated into one body, or may be only one-sided decoration.
  • the structure of the standard block 100 is similar to that of the corner block 200, except that the standard block 100 has a substantially "one" shape structure, and one end of the standard block 100 is a front convex structure. 9. The opposite end is a concave structure 10.
  • the front convex structure 9 is used to form an interlocking structure with the concave structure 10 of the adjacent block when stacked.
  • the standard block 100 also has an integral uninterrupted upper convex structure 11 and a concave structure 12, and the upper convex structure 11 also has a pair of guiding surfaces extending obliquely with respect to the top surface of the standard block. 111, connecting surface 112 and curved surface 113.
  • the standard block 100 also includes a plurality of positioning holes 7 and a line tube hole 6, and the line tube holes 6 may also be disposed on both sides of the upper convex structure 11.
  • the conduit hole 6 and/or the positioning hole 7 are internally provided with a built-in sleeve 207.
  • the standard block 100 also includes a block body 2001, a core portion 2002, a waterproof layer 2003 between the core portion 2002 and the block body 2001, an insulating layer 2004 between the waterproof layer 2003 and the core portion 2002, and a waterproof layer 2003 Fixed connection support 2005.
  • a decorative layer 13 may be connected to one side or both sides of the standard block 100.
  • the decorative color and pattern of the decorative layer 13 may be integrally formed with the block or bonded and integrated into one body, or may be only one-sided decoration.
  • the structure of the adjustment block 300 is similar to that of the corner block 200, except that the adjustment block 300 has a substantially "one" shape structure, and one end of the adjustment block 300 is a plane 301, which is opposite. The other end is a concave structure 10.
  • the concave structure 10 is used to form an interlocking structure with the front convex structure 9 of an adjacent block when stacked.
  • the adjustment block 300 also has an integral uninterrupted upper convex structure 11 and a concave structure 12, and the upper convex structure 11 also has a pair of guiding surfaces extending obliquely with respect to the top surface of the adjustment block. 111, connecting surface 112 and curved surface 113.
  • the adjustment block 300 also includes a plurality of positioning holes 7 and a line tube hole 6, and the line tube holes 6 are also disposed on both sides of the upper convex structure 11.
  • the conduit hole 6 and/or the positioning hole 7 are internally provided with a built-in sleeve 207.
  • the adjustment block 300 also includes a block body 2001, a core portion 2002, a waterproof layer 2003 between the core portion 2002 and the block body 2001, an insulation layer 2004 between the waterproof layer and the core portion, and a fixed connection with the waterproof layer 2003. Support 2005.
  • One or both sides of the adjustment block 300 may be connected with a decorative layer, and the decorative color and pattern of the decorative layer may be integrally formed with the block or bonded and integrated into one body, or may be only one-sided decoration.
  • the outer length of the block 200 is L+W
  • the inner length is L
  • the outer width is 1/2L+W
  • the inner width is 1/2L
  • the length of the adjustment block (4) is 1/2L
  • the width is W.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Installation Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)

Abstract

一种拐角砌块(200)及包含该拐角砌块(200)的砌块套件。拐角砌块(200)包括设置在拐角砌块(200)顶面的沿顶面长度方向延伸且长度与顶面的长度相同的上凸结构(11)，以及设置在拐角砌块(200)底面的用于收容上凸结构(11)的下凹结构(12)；其中，上凸结构(11)包括自顶面倾斜延伸形成的一对引导面(111)和连接引导面(111)的连接面(112)。拐角砌块(200)上的上凸结构(11)沿拐角砌块(200)的整个顶面延伸形成一个整体无间断式结构，且上凸结构(11)的引导面(111)自顶面倾斜延伸，从而防止水流自顶面进入拐角砌块(200)的内部，实现拐角砌块(200)的防水。

Description

拐角砌块及包含该拐角砌块的砌块套件 【技术领域】
本发明涉及建筑材料领域，具体涉及一种拐角砌块及使用该拐角砌块的砌块套件。
【背景技术】
目前涉及的固体废料主要是(1)工业固体废料，包括但不限于废矿渣、炉渣、以及工业产品的边角废料；(2)生活废料，包括但不限于日常生活所产生的废纸、废旧家具、废旧塑料、包装材料、剩余变质的食物；(3)建筑废料，包括但不限于拆除旧建筑时所产生的水泥块、砖块、装修材料碎块；(4)城市淤泥，包括但不限于污水处理产生的淤泥，城市地下工程挖掘出来的淤泥，城市下水道常年沉淀下来的淤泥；(5)农作物秸秆废料，包括但不局限于水稻秸秆，麦秸秆、玉米秸秆、高粱秸秆、棉花秸秆，花生秸秆、芝麻秸秆、油菜秸秆。目前处理以上各种废料的方法很多，但伴随社会的不断发展，以上各种废料始终没有得到很好的处理，成为日趋严重的社会问题，并不断对人类居住环境造成危害。同时，目前的各种建墙方法是使用水泥砂浆将砖块砌成墙体，或通过搭建框架结构后，将墙板固定到框架结构上。这些方法都必须由专业的人员使用专业的工具、设备才能实现。而且建好的墙体都是没有带任何装饰的基础毛坯墙。墙体建成后，需要进行装修装饰，不能反复拆建使用，从而造成大量建筑材料浪费，而拆卸下来的建筑废料不能腐化分解，成为新的固体废料，造成环境污染。另外，传统的建墙工艺需要大量的熟练建筑工人，从而造成熟练建筑工人严重匮乏。
现有的可重复使用的砌块具有凹凸配合结构，但此类砌块的凸起结构均为设置在砌块顶面的多个断续的凸起部且凸起部都垂直于顶面设置，由此，在有降水的环境中使用砌块时，水易进入砌块内，从而降低砌块的使 用寿命，进而降低建筑物的质量。
因此，急需提供一种可以防止水流进入砌块内部的砌块结构。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的在于提供一种可以防止水流入砌块内部的拐角砌块和使用该拐角砌块的砌块套件。
本发明的技术方案：
提供一种拐角砌块，所述拐角砌块包括设置在所述拐角砌块的顶面的上凸结构，所述上凸结构沿所述顶面的长度方向延伸且上凸结构的长度与所述顶面的长度相同；以及设置在所述拐角砌块的底面的下凹结构，所述下凹结构用于收容所述上凸结构；其中，所述上凸结构包括自顶面倾斜延伸形成的一对引导面和连接所述引导面的连接面。
优选地，所述拐角砌块包括第一直边部、第二直边部、连接第一直边部和第二直边部的拐角部，所述上凸结构自所述第一直边部的顶面经所述拐角部的顶面延伸至所述第二直边部的顶面，所述下凹结构相应地自所述第一直边部的底面经所述拐角部的底面延伸至所述第二直边部的底面。
优选地，所述第一直边部中远离所述拐角部的一端和第二直边部中远离所述拐角部的一端均凹陷形成有内凹结构。
优选地，所述拐角砌块还包括由位于拐角部的上凸结构去料形成的定位凹槽，所述定位凹槽用于收容堆叠在所述拐角砌块上的另一拐角砌块的底面。
优选地，所述定位凹槽包括靠近所述第一直边部的第一定位凹槽和靠近所述第二直边部的第二定位凹槽。
优选地，所述上凸结构还包括一对弧形面，每一所述弧形面连接在所述连接面与所述引导面之间。
优选地，所述拐角砌块包括自所述上凸结构的连接面延伸至所述拐角砌块底面的多个定位孔和位于所述上凸结构相对两侧的多个线管孔，每个线管孔自所述拐角砌块的顶面延伸至所述拐角砌块的底面。
优选地，所述定位孔和/或线管孔内置嵌设有内置套管。
优选地，所述拐角砌块包括砌块本体、嵌设于砌块本体内的芯部以及包覆所述芯部的防水层，所述防水层位于所述砌块本体和芯部之间。
优选地，所述拐角砌块还包括与所述防水层固定连接的支撑件和位于所述防水层与芯部之间的保温层，所述支撑件嵌设于所述砌块本体内。
本发明还提供一种砌块套件，用于建造建筑物，所述砌块套件包括：相互堆叠、联锁以建造所述建筑物的标准砌块、拐角砌块和调整砌块；
所述标准砌块、拐角砌块和调整砌块中的每一者均包括：
设置在顶面的上凸结构，所述上凸结构沿所述顶面的长度方向延伸且上凸结构的长度与所述顶面的长度相同；
设置在底面的下凹结构，所述下凹结构用于收容所述上凸结构；
其中，所述上凸结构包括自顶面倾斜延伸形成的一对引导面和连接所述引导面的连接面；
当多个标准砌块、调整砌块和拐角砌块相互配合以构造所述建筑物时，多个砌块相互堆叠，其中一个砌块的所述上凸结构与相邻的另一砌块的下凹结构相互扣合锁紧。
优选地，所述拐角砌块包括第一直边部、第二直边部、连接第一直边部和第二直边部的拐角部，所述上凸结构自所述第一直边部的顶面经所述拐角部的顶面延伸至所述第二直边部的顶面；所述下凹结构相应地自所述第一直边部的底面经所述拐角部的底面延伸至所述第二直边部的底面。
优选地，所述第一直边部中远离所述拐角部的一端和第二直边部中远离所述拐角部的一端均凹陷形成有内凹结构。
优选地，所述拐角砌块还包括由位于拐角部的上凸结构去料形成的定位凹槽，所述定位凹槽用于收容堆叠在所述拐角砌块上的另一拐角砌块的底面。
优选地，所述定位凹槽包括靠近所述第一直边部的第一定位凹槽和靠近所述第二直边部的第二定位凹槽。
优选地，所述标准砌块、拐角砌块和调整砌块中的每一者均包括自所述上凸结构的连接面延伸至所述底面的多个定位孔和分别位于所述上凸结 构相对两侧的多个所述线管孔，每个所述线管孔自所述顶面延伸至所述底面。
优选地，所述标准砌块、拐角砌块和调整砌块中的每一者均包括内置嵌设于所述线管孔和/或定位孔内的内置套管。
优选地，所述标准砌块、拐角砌块和调整砌块中的每一者均包括砌块本体、嵌设于砌块本体内的芯部以及包覆所述芯部的防水层，所述防水层位于所述砌块本体和芯部之间。
优选地，所述标准砌块、拐角砌块和调整砌块中的每一者还包括与所述防水层固定连接的支撑件和位于所述防水层与芯部之间的保温层，所述支撑件嵌设于所述砌块本体内。
优选地，所述标准砌块、拐角砌块和调整砌块中的每一者均包括连接在砌块的至少一侧的装饰层。
与相关技术相比，本发明提供的拐角砌块和包含该拐角砌块的砌块套件的有益效果在于：砌块套件中的拐角砌块、标准砌块和调整砌块上的上凸结构沿砌块的整个顶面延伸形成一个整体无间断式结构，且上凸结构的引导面自顶面倾斜延伸，从而防止水流自顶面进入砌块的内部，实现砌块的防水。
【附图说明】
图1为使用本发明提供的砌块套件搭建的建筑。
图2为图1中砌块套件包含的拐角砌块的一实施例的立体结构示意图；
图3为拐角砌块的另一实施例的立体结构示意图；
图4为图1中砌块套件包含的标准砌块的一实施例的立体结构示意图；
图5为标准砌块的另一实施例的立体结构示意图；
图6为图1所示的砌块套件包含的调整砌块的立体结构示意图；
图7为调整砌块、拐角砌块和标准砌块中任意一个的内部结构示意图；
图8示出了两拐角砌块堆叠时的结构示意图；
图9示出了砌块套件中各砌块之间的尺寸关系。
【具体实施方式】
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部份实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
参阅图1和图8，图1示出了本发明提供的砌块套件搭建的建筑物900。砌块套件包括用于搭建建筑物900墙体的标准砌块100、用于在建筑物900的拐角位置使用的拐角砌块200、用于在门、窗等位置搭建墙体或补齐端头位置的调整砌块300以及可拆卸地插置在堆叠的砌块中的加固定位插杆400。多个拐角砌块、标准砌块和调整砌块相互堆叠、联锁扣合从而搭建稳固的建筑物。加固定位插杆400用空心的金属、塑料或复合材料制作，可同时作为水管、气管、燃气管、强电或弱电线管使用。加固定位插杆400可以是圆形的、矩形的或其他几何形状的杆状物体。在搭建建筑物时，各砌块之间可涂刷防水胶、紧固胶、结构胶、水泥或其他粘接材料，将各砌块紧密的粘结成为一体。砌块套件还包括夹设在相互堆叠的两砌块之间的密封垫圈500，该相互堆叠的砌块可以是标准砌块、拐角砌块和调整砌块中的任意一种。
参阅图2至图3，拐角砌块200大致呈L形，包括第一直边部201、第二直边部202和连接第一直边部201和第二直边部202之间的拐角部203。拐角部203由大致呈90°夹角的两边连接形成。故，第一直边部201的延伸方向垂直于第二直边部202的延伸方向。第一直边部201中远离拐角部203的一端内凹形成内凹结构10，第二直边部202中远离拐角部203的一端内凹形成内凹结构10。内凹结构10用于在与其他砌块配合时形成互锁结构。
拐角砌块200包括设置于拐角砌块200顶面的上凸结构11和设置于拐角砌块200底面的下凹结构12。该上凸结构11沿顶面的长度方向延伸且上凸结构的长度等于顶面的长度，具体地，该上凸结构11自第一直边部201的顶面经拐角部203的顶面延伸至第二直边部202的顶面，即上凸结 构11沿整个拐角砌块200的顶面的长度方向延伸形成一个整体的无间断式结构。相应地，下凹结构12沿整个拐角砌块200的底面的长度方向由底面向顶面凹陷的凹槽，具体地，下凹结构12自第一直边部201的底面经拐角部203的底面一直延伸至第二直边部202的底面。在两个砌块堆叠时，上凸结构11收容于相邻砌块的下凹结构12中从而实现两个砌块的互锁扣合。可以理解的是，参阅图8，在其他实施例中，上凸结构11的高度H小于下凹结构12的深度D，从而在上凸结构11收容于下凹结构12中时，两者之间形成间隙，该间隙构成了横向线管槽8，用于在水平方向收纳水管、电线、通信电缆，等等。
上凸结构11包括一对自拐角砌块200的顶面倾斜延伸形成的引导面111和连接在一对引导面111之间的连接面112。一对引导面111朝向彼此延伸，且每一引导面111相对顶面的倾斜角度大于90°且小于180°。本发明中，采用整体无间断式的上凸结构且上凸结构的引导面相对顶面倾斜，从而有效地预防水从顶面进入砌块内部。此外，引导面为斜面可以更好地实现与下凹结构的配合，起到引导和定位的作用。
在另一实施例中，拐角砌块200还包括由位于拐角部203顶面的上凸结构11去料形成的定位凹槽。该定位凹槽用于容纳堆叠在拐角砌块上的另一拐角砌块的底面，具体为拐角部的底面，从而便于两拐角砌块堆叠时的相互配合防止发生相互干涉。该定位凹槽包括靠近第一直边部201的第一定位凹槽161和靠近第二直边部202的第二定位凹槽162，该第一定位凹槽161和第二定位凹槽162相互间隔设置。
在另一实施例中，该上凸结构11还包括一对连接在连接面112与引导面111之间的弧形面113，从而使得连接面112与连接面111之间圆滑过渡，减少应力集中，且防止在运输过程中，上凸结构发生损坏。优选地，连接面113的横截面呈1/4圆弧。相应地，下凹结构12的形状与上凸结构11的形状相适配以便更好地收容上凸结构。
拐角砌块200还包括开设在上凸结构11上的多个定位孔7和线管孔6。该多个定位孔7和线管孔6从上凸结构11的连接面112延伸至该拐角砌块 的底面。多个定位孔7和线管孔6间隔设置，且每个线管孔6均位于相邻的两个定位孔7之间。线管孔6大致呈圆形、矩形等形状。定位孔7大致呈圆形、矩形等形状，且定位孔7内径大于线管孔6的内径。该定位孔7用于收容加固定位插杆400，加固定位插杆400是活动的，在需要时可从定位孔7中拔出。线管孔6用于收容电线、水管、通信电缆等等。
拐角砌块200还包括开设在顶面上且位于上凸结构11相对两侧的保温孔17，保温孔17用于填充保温、隔音材料。所述保温孔17自拐角砌块200的顶面延伸至其底面。
在另一实施例中，拐角砌块200并未设有保温孔，且线管孔6设置在拐角砌块200的顶面上，并自顶面延伸至底面。该多个线管孔6分设于上凸结构11的两侧。
参照图7，拐角砌块200包括砌块本体2001、嵌设于砌块本体2001内部的芯部2002、位于砌块本体2001和芯部2002之间的防水层2003、位于防水层2003与芯部2002之间的保温层2004以及与防水层2003固定连接的支撑件2005。支撑件2005嵌设在砌块本体2001中。防水层2003可以是防水膜，设置成包覆芯部2002；支撑件2005用于支撑防水层2003。具体地，支撑件2005可以是金属制成的爪形件，从而能大面积的支撑防水层2003，且支撑件2005内部设有拉伸筋，从而使得防水层2003在支撑件2005的支撑下平整地包覆于芯部2002和保温层2004的外周面。此外，支撑件可以与砌块本体一起混合制成，从而也能起到增强砌块强度的作用。保温层2004设于防水层2003的内部，能更好地起保温的作用。内置套管贯穿该拐角砌块200的砌块本体2001及芯部2002，防水层2003对应开设有贯通孔，防水层2003自贯通孔向砌块本体2001的方向倾斜延伸，从而进一步加强防水的效果。保温层2004由海绵等保温材料制成。芯部2002可以由保温材料制成，也可以由强度较高的防弹材料制成，如高强度陶瓷等；此外，芯部2002也可以与砌块本体2001采用相同材料制成。
拐角砌块200还包括内置嵌设于线管孔6和/或定位孔7的内置套管207。内置套管207可以使得线管孔或定位孔的内表面光滑，方便线管或加 固定位杆的插入或拆卸。
拐角砌块200的一侧或两侧可以连接有装饰层13，装饰层13的装饰颜色、图案可以与其砌块制作为一体或分体制作后粘接为一体，也可以只做单面装饰。
参阅图4至图5，标准砌块100的结构与拐角砌块200的结构类似，区别仅在于：标准砌块100大致呈“一”字型结构，且标准砌块100的一端为前凸结构9，其相对的另一端为内凹结构10。该前凸结构9用于在堆叠时与相邻砌块的内凹结构10配合形成互锁结构。与拐角砌块200相似，该标准砌块100的也具有整体无间断式的上凸结构11和下凹结构12，上凸结构11也具有相对标准砌块的顶面倾斜延伸的一对引导面111、连接面112以及弧形面113。标准砌块100也包括多个定位孔7和线管孔6，线管孔6也可以分设于上凸结构11的两侧。线管孔6和/或定位孔7内置设有内置套管207。标准砌块100也包括砌块本体2001、芯部2002、位于芯部2002与砌块本体2001之间的防水层2003、位于防水层2003与芯部2002之间的保温层2004以及与防水层2003固定连接的支撑件2005。标准砌块100的一侧或两侧可以连接有装饰层13，装饰层13的装饰颜色、图案可以与其砌块制作为一体或分体制作后粘接为一体，也可以只做单面装饰。
参考图6，调整砌块300的结构与拐角砌块200的结构类似，区别仅在于：调整砌块300大致呈“一”字型结构，且调整砌块300的一端为平面301，其相对的另一端为内凹结构10。该内凹结构10用于在堆叠时与相邻砌块的前凸结构9配合形成互锁结构。与拐角砌块200相似，该调整砌块300的也具有整体无间断式的上凸结构11和下凹结构12，上凸结构11也具有相对调整砌块的顶面倾斜延伸的一对引导面111、连接面112以及弧形面113。调整砌块300也包括多个定位孔7和线管孔6，线管孔6也分设于上凸结构11的两侧。线管孔6和/或定位孔7内置设有内置套管207。调整砌块300也包括砌块本体2001、芯部2002、位于芯部2002与砌块本体2001之间的防水层2003、位于防水层与芯部之间的保温层2004以及与防水层2003固定连接的支撑件2005。调整砌块300的一侧或两侧可以连 接有装饰层，装饰层的装饰颜色、图案可以与其砌块制作为一体或分体制作后粘接为一体，也可以只做单面装饰。
参照图9，该砌块套件中各砌块之间的尺寸关系如下:标准砌块100的长度为L，宽度为W，长度L是宽度W的整倍数N，即L＝WxN，其拐角砌块200的外长度为L+W，内长度为L，外宽度为1/2L+W，内宽度为1/2L，其调整砌块(4)的长度为1/2L，宽度为W，可根据以上计算公式计算得到不同宽度、不同长度的标准砌块的对应其他砌块的主要尺寸，相关尺寸在实际制作时允许存在±50mm的公差，从而实现各砌块的完美配合。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施方式，在此应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下，还可以做出改进，但这些均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种拐角砌块，其特征在于，所述拐角砌块包括设置在所述拐角砌块的顶面的上凸结构，所述上凸结构沿所述顶面的长度方向延伸且上凸结构的长度与所述顶面的长度相同；
    以及设置在所述拐角砌块的底面的下凹结构，所述下凹结构用于收容所述上凸结构；
    其中，所述上凸结构包括自顶面倾斜延伸形成的一对引导面和连接所述引导面的连接面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的拐角砌块，其特征在于，所述拐角砌块包括第一直边部、第二直边部、连接第一直边部和第二直边部的拐角部，所述上凸结构自所述第一直边部的顶面经所述拐角部的顶面延伸至所述第二直边部的顶面，所述下凹结构相应地自所述第一直边部的底面经所述拐角部的底面延伸至所述第二直边部的底面。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的拐角砌块，其特征在于，所述第一直边部中远离所述拐角部的一端和第二直边部中远离所述拐角部的一端均凹陷形成有内凹结构。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的拐角砌块，其特征在于，所述拐角砌块还包括由位于拐角部的上凸结构去料形成的定位凹槽，所述定位凹槽用于收容堆叠在所述拐角砌块上的另一拐角砌块的底面。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的拐角砌块，其特征在于，所述定位凹槽包括靠近所述第一直边部的第一定位凹槽和靠近所述第二直边部的第二定位凹槽。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的拐角砌块，其特征在于，所述上凸结构还包括一对弧形面，每一所述弧形面连接在所述连接面与所述引导面之间。
  7. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的拐角砌块，其特征在于，所述拐角砌块包括自所述上凸结构的连接面延伸至所述拐角砌块底面的多个定位孔 和位于所述上凸结构相对两侧的多个线管孔，每个线管孔自所述拐角砌块的顶面延伸至所述拐角砌块的底面。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的拐角砌块，其特征在于，所述定位孔和/或线管孔内置嵌设有内置套管。
  9. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的拐角砌块，其特征在于，所述拐角砌块包括砌块本体、嵌设于砌块本体内的芯部以及包覆所述芯部的防水层，所述防水层位于所述砌块本体和芯部之间。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的拐角砌块，其特征在于，所述拐角砌块还包括与所述防水层固定连接的支撑件和位于所述防水层与芯部之间的保温层，所述支撑件嵌设于所述砌块本体内。
  11. 一种砌块套件，用于建造建筑物，其特征在于，所述砌块套件包括：相互堆叠、联锁以建造所述建筑物的标准砌块、拐角砌块和调整砌块；
    所述标准砌块、拐角砌块和调整砌块中的每一者均包括：
    设置在顶面的上凸结构，所述上凸结构沿所述顶面的长度方向延伸且上凸结构的长度与所述顶面的长度相同；
    设置在底面的下凹结构，所述下凹结构用于收容所述上凸结构；
    其中，所述上凸结构包括自顶面倾斜延伸形成的一对引导面和连接所述引导面的连接面；
    当多个标准砌块、调整砌块和拐角砌块相互配合以构造所述建筑物时，多个砌块相互堆叠，其中一个砌块的所述上凸结构与相邻的另一砌块的下凹结构相互扣合锁紧。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的砌块套件，其特征在于，所述拐角砌块包括第一直边部、第二直边部、连接第一直边部和第二直边部的拐角部，所述上凸结构自所述第一直边部的顶面经所述拐角部的顶面延伸至所述第二直边部的顶面；所述下凹结构相应地自所述第一直边部的底面经所述拐角部的底面延伸至所述第二直边部的底面。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的砌块套件，其特征在于，所述第一直边部中远离所述拐角部的一端和第二直边部中远离所述拐角部的一端均凹陷形 成有内凹结构。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的砌块套件，其特征在于，所述拐角砌块还包括由位于拐角部的上凸结构去料形成的定位凹槽，所述定位凹槽用于收容堆叠在所述拐角砌块上的另一拐角砌块的底面。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的拐角砌块，其特征在于，所述定位凹槽包括靠近所述第一直边部的第一定位凹槽和靠近所述第二直边部的第二定位凹槽。
  16. 根据权利要求11-15任一项所述的砌块套件，其特征在于，所述标准砌块、拐角砌块和调整砌块中的每一者均包括自所述上凸结构的连接面延伸至所述底面的多个定位孔和分别位于所述上凸结构相对两侧的多个所述线管孔，每个所述线管孔自所述顶面延伸至所述底面。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的砌块套件，其特征在于，所述标准砌块、拐角砌块和调整砌块中的每一者均包括内置嵌设于所述线管孔和/或定位孔内的内置套管。
  18. 根据权利要求11-15任一项所述的砌块套件，其特征在于，所述标准砌块、拐角砌块和调整砌块中的每一者均包括砌块本体、嵌设于砌块本体内的芯部以及包覆所述芯部的防水层，所述防水层位于所述砌块本体和芯部之间。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的砌块套件，其特征在于，所述标准砌块、拐角砌块和调整砌块中的每一者还包括与所述防水层固定连接的支撑件和位于所述防水层与芯部之间的保温层，所述支撑件嵌设于所述砌块本体内。
  20. 根据权利要求11所述的砌块套件，其特征在于，所述标准砌块、拐角砌块和调整砌块中的每一者均包括连接在砌块的至少一侧的装饰层。
PCT/CN2018/085116 2017-05-02 2018-04-28 拐角砌块及包含该拐角砌块的砌块套件 WO2018202011A1 (zh)

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