WO2018200913A1 - Appareil et procédé pour traitement de bord de verre pour couplage de lumière - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé pour traitement de bord de verre pour couplage de lumière Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018200913A1
WO2018200913A1 PCT/US2018/029722 US2018029722W WO2018200913A1 WO 2018200913 A1 WO2018200913 A1 WO 2018200913A1 US 2018029722 W US2018029722 W US 2018029722W WO 2018200913 A1 WO2018200913 A1 WO 2018200913A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
grinding wheel
glass sheet
edge
spindle
axis
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2018/029722
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Myeongbo Han
Chan-Kyu Kim
Gautam Narendra Kudva
Shenping Li
Shai Negev SHAFRIR
Original Assignee
Corning Incorporated
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Corning Incorporated filed Critical Corning Incorporated
Priority to JP2019558458A priority Critical patent/JP2020517480A/ja
Priority to CN201880028098.8A priority patent/CN110582376A/zh
Priority to US16/607,956 priority patent/US20210101245A1/en
Priority to KR1020197034403A priority patent/KR20200002958A/ko
Publication of WO2018200913A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018200913A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B9/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor
    • B24B9/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground
    • B24B9/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
    • B24B9/08—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass
    • B24B9/10—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass of plate glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
    • B24B27/0069—Other grinding machines or devices with means for feeding the work-pieces to the grinding tool, e.g. turntables, transfer means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B7/20—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground
    • B24B7/22—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
    • B24B7/24—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain for grinding or polishing glass
    • B24B7/241—Methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B7/20—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground
    • B24B7/22—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
    • B24B7/24—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain for grinding or polishing glass
    • B24B7/26—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain for grinding or polishing glass for simultaneously grinding or polishing opposite faces of continuously travelling sheets or bands

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the disclosure are directed to apparatus and methods for processing the edge of glass sheets.
  • embodiments of the disclosure are directed to apparatus and methods for processing edges of glass sheets in increase light coupling through the glass sheet.
  • LGP light guide plate
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • SLED edge-lit liquid crystal display
  • Side lit back light units for such devices include an LGP that is usually made of high transmission plastic materials such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).
  • PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
  • LGPs polymer light guide plates
  • plastic materials present excellent properties such as light transmission, these materials have relatively poor mechanical properties such as rigidity, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and moisture absorption.
  • CTE coefficient of thermal expansion
  • moisture absorption In particular, polymer LGPs lack the dimensional stability required for ultra-slim displays.
  • Glass sheets have been proposed as a LGP replacement solution for displays, but the glass sheets must have the appropriate attributes to achieve sufficient optical performance in terms of transmission, scattering and light coupling.
  • Glass sheets for light guide plates must meet such edge specifications as perpendicularity, straightness and flatness.
  • Corning Incorporated sells a Corning IrisTM glass as a replacement for PMMA and other clear plastic materials for LGPs.
  • the Iris glass is exceptionally transparent, with absorption or scattering loss for the light propagating along the LGP and guided by the total internal reflection as low as 0.2 dB/m or less over the 450-650 nm visible light wavelength range.
  • the CTE of the glass is much lower than the CTE of suitable plastics and closer to that of the LCD display panel, making integration of a large size flat panel TV set much easier. Furthermore, the superior mechanical strength and rigidity, and the low CTE, allow for the significant reduction in thickness of the bezel of a LCD.
  • One of the significant requirements to a light guide plate is efficient light coupling of a light emitting diode (LED) to the light guide plate.
  • the coupling benefits from the reduced gap between the LED and the LGP edge, and also provides the greatest surface area on the edge to allow the most light to couple through. This is different from traditional display glass processes which are focused on creating rounded edges, with diffuse surfaces, to survive failure modes with impact and chipping and other transportation related modes. Therefore, there is a need in the art for apparatus and methods to provide glass light guide plates with increased light coupling efficiency.
  • a first aspect of the disclosure pertains to an apparatus for finishing an edge of a glass sheet by grinding the edge of the glass sheet.
  • such an apparatus comprises a worktable which supports the glass sheet while the edges are subjected to grinding and polishing.
  • An X-axis is a direction of lateral movement on a plane of a glass sheet on the worktable.
  • a Y-axis is a direction of longitudinal movement on the plane which is perpendicular to the X-axis.
  • a Z-axis is a direction of orthogonal movement with respect to the plane.
  • a first motor is positioned on a first side of the plane.
  • the first motor has a first spindle with a first spindle axis of rotation aligned substantially along the X-axis.
  • a second motor is positioned on a second side the plane.
  • the second motor has a second spindle with a second spindle axis of rotation aligned substantially along the X-axis.
  • a first grinding wheel is mounted on the first spindle.
  • the first grinding wheel is substantially disc-shaped with a peripheral edge to chamfer a first edge of the glass sheet using the peripheral edge of the first grinding wheel.
  • a second grinding wheel is mounted on the second spindle.
  • the second grinding wheel is substantially disc-shaped with a peripheral edge to chamfer a second edge of the glass sheet using the peripheral edge of the second grinding wheel.
  • a second aspect of the disclosure pertains to a method to finish an edge of a glass sheet.
  • the methods comprise supporting a glass sheet on a worktable with a portion of the glass sheet extending a distance from the worktable.
  • the glass sheet comprises a first surface, a second surface opposing the first surface and an end surface.
  • the first surface and end surface intersect along a first edge and the second surface and the end surface intersect along a second edge.
  • An X-axis is a direction of lateral movement on a plane of a glass sheet on the surface.
  • a Y-axis is a direction of longitudinal movement on the plane which is perpendicular to the X-axis.
  • a Z-axis is a direction of movement orthogonal to the plane.
  • the first edge is contacted with a peripheral edge of at least one substantially disc-shaped first grinding wheel positioned on a first spindle axis of a first motor.
  • the second edge is contacted with a peripheral edge of at least one second substantially disc-shaped grinding wheel positioned on a second spindle axis of a second motor. Relative motion between the first and second grinding wheels and the glass sheet is produced during contact of the first and second grinding wheels with the first and second edges, respectively, to chamfer the first edge and second edge.
  • FIG. 1 A is a schematic view of a portion of a glass sheet according to one or more embodiments of the disclosure
  • FIGS. IB and 1C are schematic view of a portion of a glass sheet after edge treatment according to one or more embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of an apparatus for finishing an edge of a glass sheet showing two grinding wheels positioned to grind edges of the glass sheet according to one or more embodiments;
  • FIG. 3 is an overhead view of a glass sheet showing two grinding wheels positioned to treat the edges of the glass sheet in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an apparatus for finishing an edge of a glass sheet showing two grinding wheels in position to treat an edge of the glass sheet according to one or more embodiments;
  • FIG. 5 shows a side view of a grinding wheel on a spindle according to one or more embodiments
  • FIG. 6A shows a side view of grinding wheels of an edge treatment apparatus in a grinding position according to one or more embodiments
  • FIG. 6B shows a side view of grinding wheels of an edge treatment apparatus in a position to change the grinding wheels according to one or more embodiments
  • FIG. 7 is a partial side view of a glass sheet showing a grinding wheel grinding an edge of a glass sheet
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a glass sheet comprising a portion that extends from the fixturing device and showing the deflection that occurs when a force is applied to the end of the glass sheet;
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic view of a portion of an edge finishing apparatus in accordance with one or more embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic view of a portion of an edge finishing apparatus in accordance with one or more embodiment of the disclosure
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic view of a portion of an edge finishing apparatus in accordance with one or more embodiment of the disclosure
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic view of an edge finishing apparatus in accordance with one or more embodiment of the disclosure
  • FIG. 13 is a partial perspective view of a grinding wheel with a cooling system according to one or more embodiments
  • FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a light guide plate
  • FIG. 15 illustrates total internal reflection of light at two adjacent edges of a glass light guide plate.
  • the glass sheets are finished by grinding and polishing to provide light guide plates which may be used in backlight units in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • light guide plates are provided that have similar or superior optical properties to light guide plates made from PMMA and that have much better mechanical properties such as rigidity, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and dimensional stability in high moisture conditions compared to PMMA light guide plates.
  • Embodiments of the disclosure provide methods and apparatus to produce minimal chamfer on glass light guide plates to enable maximum light coupling efficiency.
  • Embodiments of the disclosure may provide LGPs that can be used with thinner glass LED. For example, a 1.5 millimeter (mm) LED may use a 2 mm thick LGPs, but a 1.0 mm LED uses a 1.1 mm thick LGP. Therefore, optimal coupling efficiency for the thinner LEDs requires a minimal chamfer on the LGP.
  • the chamfers eliminate the cantilever curl generated during separation and enhance edge reliability by reducing the probability of failure due to sharp features.
  • Cantilever curl occurs where portions of the top or bottom surface of the glass extend beyond the edge surface so that local areas of the top or bottom surface are not perpendicular to the edge surface. Cantilever curl can lead to chipping and breaking and areas with cantilever curl are more prone to damage on impact.
  • Thin glass sheets supplied to equipment manufacturers such as electronic display manufacturers typically comprise processed edges. That is, the edges are ground and shaped (e.g. chamfered) to eliminate sharp edges that are easily damaged and edge flaws (chips, cracks, etc.) resulting from the cutting process that can decrease the strength of the glass.
  • Such plates are typically equal to or less than about 2 mm in thickness between the opposing major surfaces of the plate, and more preferably a thickness equal to or less than about 0.7 mm and in some applications a thickness equal to or less than about 0.5 mm.
  • Very thin plates of glass can be equal to or less than 0.3 mm and still be afforded the benefits of the present disclosure.
  • the fracture of glass can be traced to an initial flaw, for example a small crack, and the fracture extends from this initial flaw. Fracture can occur over a very short period of time, or incrementally over an extended period of time depending on the stresses present in the article. Nevertheless, each fracture began at a flaw, and flaws are most typically found along the edge of a glass sheet, and most especially an edge that has been previously scored and cut. To eliminate edge flaws, the plate edges may be ground or polished so that only the smallest flaws remain, thereby increasing the strength of the sheet by increasing the stress necessary to propagate a flaw.
  • the grinding process itself is rarely uniform, as the abrasive wheel may have a certain play or variation in its position as it traverses the glass edges. That is, the abrasive wheel may move closer to or farther from the glass sheet so that the force exerted against the plate by the grinding wheel may vary both as a function of time and/or position.
  • This positional variation may lead to changes in the amount of material removed from an edge. The variation can result in uneven grinding and changes in the amount of particulate produced. More simply, the chamfer width may vary, and this variation is most acute if the plate edge undergoing grinding is rigid.
  • FIGS. 1A through 1C illustrate an exemplary end portion of a glass sheet 30 before and after edge finishing.
  • FIG. 1A shows the glass sheet 30 before edge finishing.
  • the glass sheet 30 includes a first surface 31, a second surface 32 that is opposing the first surface 31 and an end surface 33.
  • the first surface 31 and end surface 33 intersect along first edge 43 and the second surface 32 and end surface 33 intersect along edge 44.
  • FIG. IB and 1C show the glass sheet 30 after edge finishing.
  • edges 43, 44 have been chamfered, providing a first chamfer 41 and a second chamfer 42.
  • the first surface 31 intersects the first chamfer 41 at edge 46
  • the end surface 33 and first chamfer 41 intersect at edge 47
  • the end surface 33 and second chamfer 42 intersect at edge 48
  • the second chamfer 42 intersects the second surface 32 at edge 49.
  • the total thickness T g of the glass sheet 30 comprises the sum of the thickness T C i of the first chamfer 41, the thickness T e of the end surface 33 and the thickness T C2 of the second chamfer 42.
  • the combined thickness Tci of the first chamfer 41 and the thickness Tc 2 of the second chamfer 42 of some embodiments is less than about 10% of the total thickness T g of the glass sheet 30.
  • the sum of the thickness T C i and T C2 of the chamfers 41, 42 is less than about 5% of the total thickness T g of the glass sheet 30.
  • the sum of the average thickness Tci and Tc 2 of the chamfers 41, 42 is less than about 4%, 3%, 2.5%, 2%, 1.5% or 1% of the total thickness T g of the glass sheet 30.
  • the chamfer has an average 20 ⁇ , 30 ⁇ , 40 ⁇ , 50 ⁇ , 60 ⁇ , 70 ⁇ , 80 ⁇ or 90 ⁇ . In some embodiments, the chamfer has an average thickness in the range of about 20 to about 80 ⁇ , or in the range of about 20 to about 50 ⁇ , or in the range of about 40 to about 80 ⁇ .
  • the amount of particulate generated during grinding of first chamfer 41 and second chamfer 42 should be minimized.
  • the chamfer width is defined as the length of the chamfered surface from the edge surface 33 of the glass sheet 30 to the first surface 31 or second surface 32, depending on which chamfer is being measured.
  • the resulting additional edges 46, 47, 48, 49 may be further polished to eliminate the sharp corner at those edges and form arcuate edges. This may be accomplished, for example, with a buffing wheel and suitable abrasive paste.
  • FIGS. 2 through 4 Shown in FIGS. 2 through 4 is an embodiment of an apparatus 100 for processing a thin glass sheet 30.
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view
  • FIG. 3 shows a top view
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of similar apparatus 100.
  • the apparatus 100 comprises a worktable 116 which may also be referred to as a support surface.
  • the X-axis is a direction of lateral movement of the worktable 116 and/or the grinding wheels during edge processing.
  • the Y- axis is a direction of longitudinal movement perpendicular to the X-axis.
  • the plane of the worktable 116 is within the X-Y plane formed by the X-axis and Y-axis.
  • the Z-axis is orthogonal with respect to the plane of the worktable 116. While alternate configurations are possible, the embodiments illustrated provide a worktable 116 that supports a glass sheet 30 horizontally in the X-Y plane. In some embodiments, the worktable 116 supports the
  • the apparatus 100 includes a first motor 120 with a first spindle 121.
  • the first spindle 121 is oriented so that the axis of rotation 122 is aligned substantially along the X- axis.
  • the first spindle 121 is positioned on a first side of the plane of the worktable 1 16.
  • a second motor 130 includes a second spindle 131 that is oriented so that the axis of rotation 132 is aligned substantially along the X-axis.
  • the second spindle 131 is positioned on a second side of the plane of the worktable 116.
  • the second side of the plane of the worktable 116 is opposite the first side of the plane of the worktable 116.
  • the term "substantially along the X-axis” means that the axis of rotation is within ⁇ 20°, ⁇ 10°, ⁇ 5°, ⁇ 4°, ⁇ 3°, ⁇ 2° or ⁇ l° of the X-axis.
  • Apparatus 100 comprises a support 110 (shown in FIG. 4) that can hold and/or move the first motor 120 and/or the second motor 130.
  • the support 110 can move the motors independently or together.
  • the first motor 120 is on a first support 110a and the second motor 130 is on a second support 110b, as illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B.
  • the support 110 can include a Z-axis motor (not shown) to move the first motor 120 or second motor 130 in a direction perpendicular to the major plane formed by the glass sheet 30.
  • a first grinding wheel 125 is connected to the first spindle 121 and is rotated about the axis of rotation 122 of the spindle 121.
  • the grinding wheels can be connected to the spindles by any suitable components as will be understood by the skilled artisan.
  • a second grinding wheel 135 is connected to the second spindle 131 and is rotated about the axis of rotation 132 of the spindle 131.
  • the grinding wheels can be mounted on the end of the spindle or along the length of the spindle.
  • the first grinding wheel 125 and the second grinding wheel 135 can be the same type of abrasive wheel or can be different. In some embodiments, the first grinding wheel
  • a urethane- based wheel has an abrasive element held together in a cross-linked urethane binder (e.g., industrial diamond held in polyurethane matrix).
  • the urethane-based wheel has a hardness on the Shore A scale (ASTM D2240) in the range of about 80 to about 104, or in the range of about 84 to about 98.
  • An exemplary grinding wheel 125 is illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • the grinding wheel 125 can be a substantially disc-shaped component with an inner face 126, an outer face 127 and a peripheral edge 128.
  • substantially disc-shaped means that the grinding wheel has a general appearance of a disc or drum shaped component with at least one face and a peripheral edge.
  • the peripheral edge 128 provides the abrasive surface that contacts the glass sheet 30 during chamfering.
  • the grinding wheels are aligned to rotate about the X-axis to chamfer the edge of the glass sheet 30 using the peripheral edge 128.
  • the grinding wheel uses the edge of a circular wheel including a recessed center region, generally referred to as "cup" wheels based on the cup-like shape of the abrasive wheel.
  • the grinding surface of the peripheral edge 128 comprises diamond particulate as a cutting medium dispersed in a suitable matrix or binder (e.g. resin or metal bond matrixes).
  • a suitable matrix or binder e.g. resin or metal bond matrixes
  • Other cutting mediums may also be used, such as carbide particulate.
  • the grinding wheel of some embodiments has an abrasive material with an average particle size in the range of about 200 ⁇ to about 3 ⁇ , or in the range of about 150 ⁇ to about 4 ⁇ , or in the range of about 120 ⁇ to about 5 ⁇ , or in the range of about 100 ⁇ to about 6 ⁇ , or in the range of about 60 ⁇ to about 7 ⁇ , or in the range of about 50 ⁇ to about 8 ⁇ , or in the range of about 25 ⁇ to about 10 ⁇ .
  • the grinding wheel has a grit in the range of about PI 20 to about P6000, or in the range of about PI 80 to about P3000, or in the range of about P240 to about P2500, or in the range of about P360 to about P2000, or in the range of about P600 to about PI 500, or in the range of about P800 to about P 1200, on the FEPA standard.
  • the glass sheet 30 supported by worktable 116 such that a portion 26 of glass sheet 30 extends beyond the worktable 116.
  • the glass sheet 30 may be positioned in a horizontal arrangement as shown, wherein the glass sheet 30 may be said to be cantilevered from the worktable 116 (also referred to as a support member or support surface).
  • the worktable 116 also referred to as a support member or support surface.
  • glass sheet 30 may be fixtured in any orientation, at any angle.
  • glass sheet 30 may be supported in a vertical orientation.
  • Apparatus 100 may further comprise clamping member 117 comprising a rail, fingers, hooks or other suitable clamping members to secure glass sheet 30 to worktable 116.
  • Another method of securing the plate is by including a vacuum chuck into the worktable 116 that holds the glass sheet stationary.
  • a vacuum may be used alone or in combination with one or more clamping members.
  • any suitable method of securing glass sheet 30 to worktable 116 may be used as long as a portion 26 of the glass sheet 30 is positioned to extend from the fixture.
  • the extending portion 26 is able to flex relative to the fixture while the glass sheet 30 is firmly attached.
  • the glass sheet 30 may be secured to the fixture such that extending portion 26 extends a pre-determined distance L from the fixture.
  • the grinding wheels 125, 135 contact the glass sheet 30 to chamfer the edges.
  • the round portion of the grinding wheel may leave a slightly rounded chamfer that corresponds to the shape of the grinding wheel.
  • the amount of contact of the glass sheet 30 with the grinding wheel is small enough that the chamfer appears flat, or that sufficient heat from friction causes the freshly chamfered edge to flatten.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is exaggerated to illustrate the angle of the chamber (measured based on the edges of the chamfer) relative to the end surface 33.
  • the first grinding wheel 125 may form a first chamfer 41 with a first angle a relative to end surface 33.
  • the second grinding wheel 135 is positioned so that the grinding surface of the second grinding wheel forms a second angle ⁇ relative to end surface 33.
  • the first and second angles ⁇ , ⁇ can be the substantially the same or different angles.
  • FIG. 2 which illustrates an embodiment of the apparatus and method in which the glass sheet 30 is moving out of the plane of the page
  • the first grinding wheel 125 is rotated about axis of rotation 122 and acts on first surface 31 with a force Fl .
  • This force Fl in turn may produce a deflection 51 in glass sheet 30. That is, glass sheet 30 bends in response to the applied force.
  • FIG. 8 shows a force F applied to glass sheet 30, thereby eliciting a response in the form of a deflection ⁇ .
  • the amount of bending, or compliance is a function of many variables, including material properties of the glass (e.g.
  • Young's modulus the amount of extension from the fixture, and the magnitude of the force. These variables can be lumped, and characterized by a stiffness value k, where stiffness is equal to the applied force divided by the resulting magnitude of deflection.
  • the stiffness k can be expressed in general as
  • force F divided by deflection ⁇ is also proportional to the elastic modulus E of the glass sheet multiplied by the moment of inertia I and divided by the amount of extension L of the glass sheet beyond the fixture to the third power.
  • the relationship above also suggests that if a portion of the plate is extended past the fixture (e.g. beyond worktable 116), the stiffness of the extended portion is reduced and finite and the plate may flex. For a low, finite stiffness, this compliance results in a reduced chamfer width.
  • the deflection resulting from small positional variations of an abrasive wheel in contact with a plate having low stiffness (exhibiting compliance) can avoid large increases in material removed when compared to the same positional movement relative to a rigid plate (e.g. high stiffness).
  • the precision level of the chamfering apparatus need not be as high as would be necessary if the glass sheet did not exhibit compliance.
  • a plurality of grinding wheels are used to produce a chamfer or chamfer on both edges of an end of a glass sheet constrained by a fixturing device and wherein the glass sheet includes a portion thereof that extends beyond the fixturing device.
  • At least two abrasive wheels are deployed, and arranged so that each of the at least two abrasive wheels engage an end of the glass sheet on opposite sides of the glass sheet.
  • Each wheel is rotated about an axis of rotation and relative movement along the end of the glass sheet so that double chamfers are formed along the end of the glass sheet.
  • a chamfer 41 is formed by first grinding wheel 120 along first edge 43 of glass sheet 30.
  • the angle a of the chamfer relative to the plane of end surface 33 in some embodiments is in the range of about 20 to about 75 degrees, or in the range of about 30 to about 70 degrees, or in the range of about 40 to about 65 degrees, or in the range of about 45 to about 65 degrees, or in the range of about 50 to about 65 degrees, or about 60 degrees.
  • the second grinding wheel 130 similarly produces a second chamfer 42 at second edge 44.
  • the chamfer angle ⁇ is in the range of about 20 to about 75 degrees, or in the range of about 30 to about 70 degrees, or in the range of about 40 to about 65 degrees, or in the range of about 45 to about 65 degrees, or in the range of about 50 to about 65 degrees, or about 60 degrees.
  • the grinding wheels 120, 130 are spaced apart a pre-determined distance D e as depicted in FIG. 9.
  • the magnitude of this pre-determined distance is selected so that the force applied by one wheel against glass sheet 30 does not influence the action of the other wheel. That is, the deflection from a plane of the glass sheet produced by one cup wheel does not cause a deflection in the glass sheet within the region of influence of other cup wheel. Put perhaps more simply still, the deflection from a plane of the glass sheet produced by one abrasive wheel does not overlap the deflection produced by the other abrasive wheel.
  • the adjacent faces of the grinding wheels are at least about 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm or 10 mm apart.
  • the first motor 120 and/or the second motor 130 may be movable in the Z-axis to move the motor, spindle and connected grinding wheel closer to or further from each other and the worktable.
  • the Z-axis movement allows for the grinding wheels 125, 135 to be replaced and to apply a controllable amount of force to the glass sheet 30.
  • the first motor 120 and/or the second motor 130 are movable in the Z-axis by a distance equal to or greater than about 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, 70 mm or 80 mm away from the worktable.
  • FIG. 6A shows an embodiment in which the first motor 120 is mounted on a separate support 110a than the second motor 130 support 110b.
  • the motors 120, 130 are in a processing position in which a glass sheet passing the grinding wheels 125, 135 would be edge treated.
  • FIG. 6B shows the apparatus where the motors 120, 130, spindles 121, 131 and grinding wheels 125, 135 are moved in the Z-axis away from the processing position.
  • the first motor 120 and the second motor 130 can be configured to operate at any suitable speed.
  • the motors are configured to operate at a speed in the range of about 600 rpm to about 3000 rpm, or in the range of about 800 rpm to about 2500 rpm, or in the range of about 1000 rpm to about 2400 rpm, or in the range of about 1500 rpm to about 2200 rpm.
  • the first spindle 121 and the second spindle 131 are spaced apart a distance D a sufficient to prevent the first grinding wheel 125 from contacting the second spindle 131 or the second grinding wheel 135 from contacting the first spindle 121.
  • the first spindle 121 and the second spindle 131 are spaced apart by an amount greater than or equal to the radius ri of the first grinding wheel 125 or the radius r 2 of the second grinding wheel 135, whichever is larger, plus a safety margin.
  • the safety margin is greater than or equal to about 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, 11 mm, 12 mm, 13 mm, 14 mm or 15 mm. Additionally, the distance D c between the centers of thickness of the grinding wheels is sufficient to prevent the adjacent faces of the grinding wheels from contacting.
  • the dimensions of the individual grinding wheels can vary.
  • the grinding wheels have a radius in the range of about 25 mm to about 250 mm, or in the range of about 50 mm to about 200 mm, or in the range of about 75 mm to about 150 mm, or about 100 mm, or about 150 mm or about 200 mm.
  • FIG. 9 shows an embodiment in which each spindle 121, 131 has a single grinding wheel 125, 135.
  • the spindles 121, 131 are shown with approximately the same length; however, it will be understood that the length of the spindles 121, 131 can be different and the location of the grinding wheels 125, 135 on the spindles 121, 131 can be controlled to prevent contact between the grinding wheels.
  • the first spindle 121 and/or the second spindle 131 further comprises an additional grinding wheel.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment in which the first spindle 121 has a single grinding wheel 125 and the second spindle 131 has two grinding wheels 135a, 135b. The grinding wheels 135a, 135b are spaced along the length of the second spindle 131 so that the grinding wheel 125 on the first spindle 121 is between the grinding wheels 135a, 135b.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates another embodiment in which the first spindle 121 has two grinding wheels 125a, 125b and the second spindle 131 has two grinding wheels 135a, 135b.
  • the grinding wheels 125a, 125b are spaced along the length of the first spindle 121 and the grinding wheels 135a, 135b are spaced along the length of the second spindle 131 so that the grinding wheels on the spindles alternate so that at least one of the grinding wheels 125a, 125b is between grinding wheels 135a, 135b and at least one of the grinding wheels 135a, 135b is between grinding wheels 125a, 125b.
  • the width of the grinding wheels can vary to provide a sufficient contact length with the glass sheet.
  • the width W W i of the grinding wheel 125 and the width W W2 of grinding wheel 135 are each greater than or equal to about 25 mm, 28 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm, 40 mm, 45 mm, or 50 mm.
  • the width W W i of the grinding wheel 125 and the width W W2 of grinding wheel 135 are each greater than or equal to about 25 mm, 28 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm, 40 mm, 45 mm, or 50 mm.
  • the width Wwi of the grinding wheel 125 is greater than or equal to about 25 mm, 28 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm, 40 mm, 45 mm, or 50 mm
  • the combined width W 2a of grinding wheel 135a and the width W W 2b of grinding wheel 135b is greater than or equal to about 25 mm, 28 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm, 40 mm, 45 mm, or 50 mm.
  • a wheel with a larger contact length would use less force per unit area than an otherwise identical wheel with a smaller contact length.
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic representation of an apparatus 100 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure.
  • the grinding wheel 125 is connected to first spindle 121 and first motor 120 and the grinding wheel 135 is connected to the second spindle 131 and second motor 130.
  • Each of the first motor 120 and the second motor 130 are coupled to a controller 145 using a first force transducer 147 and a second force transducer 148, respectively.
  • a force transducer is a component that converts force into an electrical signal.
  • an exemplary force transducer has an electrical output range of 4 to 20 mA, which equates to a force range of 0 to 100N. ) - match load to a transducer range.
  • the force transducers 147, 148 can be any suitable force transducer that is capable of measuring forces in the predetermined range.
  • the force transducer of some embodiments is operably connected to an air bearing to provide a controlled amount of force to the motor 120, 130 to produce a controlled amount of force per unit area on the glass sheet 30 by the grinding wheels 125, 135.
  • the force transducer measures the force of the grinding wheel on the glass and a feedback circuit can adjust an air bearing (or other force delivery system) to apply the desired force.
  • the first motor 120 and the second motor 130 are pushed toward the surface of the worktable 116, so that if the motor were above the surface of the worktable, the motor would be pushed downward by the force transducer.
  • the force transducer in conjunction with the controller 145 provides a feedback system that can compensate for the compliance of the individual grinding wheels so that grinding wheels with different core materials can be used.
  • the controller 145 can be any suitable controller, microcontroller or computer and may include, for example, circuits, a central processing unit, a display unit and/or an input/output unit.
  • the force transducer is configured to maintain a pressure of the grinding wheel against the glass of about 10 N, 20 N, 30 N, 40 N or 50 N, or in the range of about 5 Newtons to about 75 Newtons, or in the range of about 10 Newtons to about 50 Newtons.
  • the worktable 116 can be configured to move the glass sheet 30 at any suitable speed across the grinding wheels.
  • the term "across the grinding wheels” does not imply a direction or physical orientation of the components. Rather, the term is used to refer to the relative movement of the grinding wheels with respect to the glass sheet so that the edge of the glass sheet becomes chamfered by the grinding wheels.
  • the worktable 116 can be configured to move the glass sheet at a rate greater than or equal to about 5 m/min, 10 m/min, 15 m/min, 20 m/min, 25 m/min or 30 m/min. In some embodiments, the worktable 116 is configured to move the glass sheet at a rate in the range of about 5 m/min to about 30 m/min.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates an embodiment of the apparatus 100 including a cooling system 170 to prevent overheating of the glass sheet 30 or the grinding wheel.
  • the first motor 120, first spindle 121 and grinding wheel 125 are illustrated but it will be understood that there can be two motors, spindles or multiple grinding wheels.
  • a single cooling system 170 can be used to cool multiple motors, spindles and/or grinding wheels or each motor, spindle and/or grinding wheel can have a separate cooling system.
  • the cooling system 170 can include a plurality of first peripheral liquid cooling nozzles 171 adjacent the first spindle 121.
  • the plurality of first peripheral liquid cooling nozzles 171 can be aligned or positioned to direct a cooling liquid toward the peripheral edge 128 of the grinding wheel 125 and/or toward the glass sheet.
  • the apparatus 100 includes a plurality of second peripheral liquid cooling nozzles adjacent the second spindle and positioned to direct cooling liquid toward the peripheral edge of the second grinding wheel and/or toward the edge of the glass sheet.
  • the plurality of first peripheral liquid cooling nozzles and plurality of second peripheral cooling nozzles can share a single cooling system 170, or each of the pluralities can have a separate independent cooling system.
  • the cooling nozzles are positioned a distance in a range of about 10 cm to about 200 cm, or in the range of about 40 cm to about 200 cm, or in the range of about 80 cm to about 200 cm, or in the range of about 100 cm to about 200 cm, or in the range of about 150 cm to about 200 cm from the edge of the glass sheet and/or the peripheral edge 128 of the grinding wheel 125.
  • Cooling liquid can be flowed to remote liquid cooling nozzles 171 by liquid coolant lines 172.
  • the cooling system 170 can be supplied by a supply line (not shown), which may be connected to a coolant source (not shown) such as a faucet supplying tap water or a pump connected to a tank (not show) containing deionized and/or demineralized water.
  • a coolant source such as a faucet supplying tap water or a pump connected to a tank (not show) containing deionized and/or demineralized water.
  • the cooling system 170 is configured to be activated during chamfering of the glass sheet.
  • the plurality of peripheral liquid cooling nozzles can include any suitable number of nozzles to provide sufficient cooling during grinding and/or polishing.
  • the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 13 has two nozzles 171 but those skilled in the art will understand that more or less can be used. For example, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven or twelve peripheral liquid cooling nozzles can be provided.
  • the plurality of second peripheral liquid cooling nozzles can include any suitable number of nozzles to provide sufficient cooling during grinding.
  • the remote liquid cooling nozzles 171 can be spaced at any appropriate distance from the edge of the glass sheet 30 or peripheral edge 128 of the grinding wheel 125 during chamfering.
  • the remote liquid cooling nozzles 171 can be spaced 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm, 30 cm, 35 cm, 40 cm, 50, cm, 60 cm, 70 cm, 80 cm, 90 cm, 100 cm, 125 cm, 150 cm, 200 cm or up to 500 cm away from the edge of the glass sheet or the peripheral edge 128 of the grinding wheel 125 during operation.
  • Each of the cooling nozzles 171 can be sized and shaped as needed to obtain the desired cooling effect.
  • the openings of the cooling nozzles 171 can be 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm or to 10 mm in diameter.
  • Conventional polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or other plastic tubing or metal tubing can be used for each of the coolant lines 172 and the supply lines.
  • the cooling liquid may comprise water, chilled water or other cooling liquid.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a light guide plate 200 that can be made by the methods and apparatus of the present disclosure to finish a glass sheet by grinding and polishing an edge.
  • the glass sheet has the shape and structure of a typical light guide plate comprising a glass sheet having a first face 210, which may be a front face, and a second face opposite the first face, which may be a back face.
  • the first and second faces have a height, H, and a width, W.
  • the first and/or second face(s) have an average roughness (Ra) that is less than 0.6 ⁇ , 0.4 ⁇ or 0.2 ⁇ , measured by a 3D optical profilometer or surface topography devices.
  • the glass sheet 200 has a thickness, T, between the front face and the back face, wherein the thickness forms four edges.
  • the thickness of the glass sheet is typically less than the height and width of the front and back faces.
  • the thickness of the light guide plate is less than 1.5% of the height of the front and/or back face.
  • the thickness, T may be about 2 mm, about 1.9 mm, about 1.8 mm, about 1.7 mm, about 1.6 mm, about 1.5 mm, about 1.4 mm, about 1.3 mm, about 1.2 mm, about 1.1 mm, about 1 mm, about 0.9 mm, about 0.8 mm, about 0.7 mm, about 0.6 mm, about 0.5 mm, about 0.4 mm or about 0.3 mm.
  • the thickness T of the light guide plate is in the range of about 0.1 mm to about 2.5 mm, or in the range of about 0.2 mm to about 2 mm, or in the range of about 0.3 mm to about 1.5 mm.
  • a first edge 230 is a light injection edge that receives light provided, for example, by one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs).
  • LEDs light emitting diodes
  • the light injection edge scatters light within an angle less than 12.8 degrees full width half maximum (FWHM) in transmission.
  • the light injection edge can be obtained by grinding and polishing the first edge 230 in accordance with apparatus and methods described herein.
  • the glass sheet further comprises a second edge 240 adjacent to the first edge 230 (the light injection edge) and a third edge 260 opposite the second edge 240 and adjacent to the light injection edge 230, wherein the second edge 240 and/or the third edge 260 scatter light within an angle of less than 12.8 degrees full width half maximum (FWHM) in reflection.
  • the second edge 240 and/or the third edge 260 may comprise a diffusion angle in reflection that is less than 6.4 degrees.
  • the glass sheet includes a fourth edge 250 opposite the first edge 230.
  • three of the four edges of the LGP have a mirror polished surface for at least two reasons: LED coupling and total internal reflection (TIR) at two edges.
  • TIR total internal reflection
  • light injected into a first edge 230 can be incident on a second edge 240 adjacent to the injection edge and a third edge 260 adjacent to the injection edge, wherein the second edge 240 is opposite the third edge 260.
  • the second and third edges may also comprise a low average roughness Ra at the edge of less than 0.5 micrometers, 0.4 micrometers, 0.3 micrometers or 0.2 micrometers, measured by an optical profilometer, without etching with hydrofluoric acid and/or slurry polishing the edge so that the incident light undergoes total internal reflectance from the two edges adjacent the first edge.
  • Light may be injected into the first edge 230 from an array of LED's 300 positioned along the first edge 230.
  • the LED's may be located a distance of less than 0.5 mm from the first edge 230.
  • the LED's may have a thickness or height that is less than or equal to the thickness of the glass sheet to provide efficient light coupling to the light guide plate 200.
  • the two edges 240, 260 may also comprise a diffusion angle in reflection that is less than 6.4 degrees.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil et un procédé pour la finition d'un bord d'une feuille de verre. Le bord de la feuille de verre est fini à l'aide de deux roues de meulage montées sur des broches rotatives de telle sorte que le bord des roues de meulage chanfreine le bord de la feuille de verre pendant le mouvement relatif des roues de meulage et de la feuille de verre.
PCT/US2018/029722 2017-04-27 2018-04-27 Appareil et procédé pour traitement de bord de verre pour couplage de lumière WO2018200913A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

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JP2019558458A JP2020517480A (ja) 2017-04-27 2018-04-27 光結合のためのガラスの縁部処理のための装置および方法
CN201880028098.8A CN110582376A (zh) 2017-04-27 2018-04-27 用于光耦合的玻璃的边缘加工的设备和方法
US16/607,956 US20210101245A1 (en) 2017-04-27 2018-04-27 Apparatus and method for edge processing of glass for light coupling
KR1020197034403A KR20200002958A (ko) 2017-04-27 2018-04-27 광 커플링을 위한 유리의 에지 가공을 위한 장치 및 방법

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US201762490869P 2017-04-27 2017-04-27
US62/490,869 2017-04-27

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US (1) US20210101245A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2020517480A (fr)
KR (1) KR20200002958A (fr)
CN (1) CN110582376A (fr)
TW (1) TW201843008A (fr)
WO (1) WO2018200913A1 (fr)

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WO2021105982A1 (fr) * 2019-11-25 2021-06-03 Lumus Ltd. Procédé de polissage d'une surface d'un guide d'ondes
US11822053B2 (en) 2021-06-07 2023-11-21 Lumus Ltd. Methods of fabrication of optical aperture multipliers having rectangular waveguide
US11892677B2 (en) 2020-05-24 2024-02-06 Lumus Ltd. Method of fabrication of compound light-guide optical elements
US11933985B2 (en) 2020-02-02 2024-03-19 Lumus Ltd. Method for producing light-guide optical elements

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WO2020148665A1 (fr) 2019-01-15 2020-07-23 Lumus Ltd. Procédé de fabrication d'un élément optique de guide de lumière symétrique
US11561335B2 (en) 2019-12-05 2023-01-24 Lumus Ltd. Light-guide optical element employing complementary coated partial reflectors, and light-guide optical element having reduced light scattering
WO2022180634A1 (fr) 2021-02-25 2022-09-01 Lumus Ltd. Multiplicateurs à ouverture optique ayant un guide d'ondes rectangulaire
KR20220142165A (ko) * 2021-04-14 2022-10-21 코닝 인코포레이티드 히트 챔퍼링 장치 및 방법
TW202309570A (zh) 2021-08-23 2023-03-01 以色列商魯姆斯有限公司 具有嵌入式耦入反射器的複合光導光學元件的製造方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021105982A1 (fr) * 2019-11-25 2021-06-03 Lumus Ltd. Procédé de polissage d'une surface d'un guide d'ondes
KR20220100878A (ko) * 2019-11-25 2022-07-18 루머스 리미티드 도파관의 표면을 폴리싱하는 방법
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JP7433674B2 (ja) 2019-11-25 2024-02-20 ルムス エルティーディー． 導波路の表面を研磨する方法
US11933985B2 (en) 2020-02-02 2024-03-19 Lumus Ltd. Method for producing light-guide optical elements
US11892677B2 (en) 2020-05-24 2024-02-06 Lumus Ltd. Method of fabrication of compound light-guide optical elements
US11822053B2 (en) 2021-06-07 2023-11-21 Lumus Ltd. Methods of fabrication of optical aperture multipliers having rectangular waveguide

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JP2020517480A (ja) 2020-06-18
TW201843008A (zh) 2018-12-16
US20210101245A1 (en) 2021-04-08
CN110582376A (zh) 2019-12-17

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