WO2018197427A1 - Dispositif et procédé de transfert de courant continu à puissance nominale élevée - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de transfert de courant continu à puissance nominale élevée Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2018197427A1
WO2018197427A1 PCT/EP2018/060362 EP2018060362W WO2018197427A1 WO 2018197427 A1 WO2018197427 A1 WO 2018197427A1 EP 2018060362 W EP2018060362 W EP 2018060362W WO 2018197427 A1 WO2018197427 A1 WO 2018197427A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conductor wires
transmission line
superconducting
conductor
coolant
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/060362
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Anne Bauer
Sylvio Kosse
Christian Schacherer
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2018197427A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018197427A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
    • H01B12/02—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by their form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/04—Concentric cables
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for
  • a DC transmission with a superconducting transmission line having a vacuum-insulated shell for thermally isolating a radially inner portion of the transmission line from an external environment. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for transmitting direct current with such a device.
  • a disadvantage of normallei ⁇ border transmission lines for the high-voltage DC power transmission is that the required thick dielectric insulating layers simultaneously act thermally insulating. By means of this insulating effect, combined with the heat generation by electrical losses, such transmission lines heat up strongly at higher powers, which can lead to damage of the materials, in particular of the insulating layer. The transmitted through a transmission line ⁇ performance is therefore often limited by the heating of the conductor.
  • DC lines with superconducting conductor elements have been proposed, which can transport the current almost lossless and with very high current densities.
  • the superconducting conductor elements in such lines must be cooled by an additional cooling device to an operating temperature below the critical temperature of the superconductor.
  • This Be ⁇ operating temperature may be dependent on the choice of the superconducting material, for example, between 4 K and 100 K.
  • this cooling is achieved by the transport or circulation of a fluid coolant, for example in a closed circuit, through the interior of the line.
  • the ⁇ provided in the end regions of the line and optionally also in the rich loading of intermediate cooling stations feeders for feeding coolant into the head interior.
  • this line is often at a End area or both end areas with suitable
  • the lead may be connected in one end region to one or more rectifiers to convert alternating current into direct current.
  • the line may optionally be connected to one or more inverters at the opposite end region to convert the DC current transported through the line back to AC for a consumer network.
  • superconducting transmission lines can be designed either as single-pole lines (for the transmission of direct current of only one polarity) or as two-pole lines (for the transmission of direct current of both polarities within a line).
  • a fundamental advantage of superconducting transmission lines is that DC current can be transported almost lossless at high currents.
  • high powers can advantageously be transmitted at comparatively low voltages.
  • standard available Strom ⁇ judge often are not designed for the desired high power range.
  • inexpensive and reliable standard components are often not designed for the high currents that could carry the superconducting transmission lines.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a device for DC transmission with a superconducting transmission line, which overcomes the disadvantages mentioned.
  • a transmission device is to be specified, which is suitable for the transmission of high power, at the same time relatively low cost of materials for the conductor insulation.
  • Another object is to provide a method of transmitting direct current with such a device. The transmission should be made possible in particular at a comparatively low voltage level.
  • the DC transmission device has a superconducting transmission line.
  • This over ⁇ tragungs ein comprises a vacuum-insulated casing for ther ⁇ forming separation of a radially inner portion of the transmission line from an external environment and a plurality n of superconducting conductor filaments which are guided together inside the vacuum-insulated shell.
  • the device furthermore has at least a number n of power converters, wherein each of the superconducting conductor cores - or each group of combined conductor cores - is assigned at least one power converter.
  • the device is designed to act on a plurality of common conductors guided within the shell conductor with a direct current of mutually same polarity.
  • this is a multi-wire line, in which the individual conductor wires are arranged together in a line cryostat, wherein either each Lei ⁇ terader or each group of combined conductor wires is connected to at least one own power converter.
  • a plurality of such jointly thermally insulated conductor wires are assigned together to an electrical pole.
  • a plurality of such jointly insulated conductor wires are provided for a given current flow direction. It is possible, but not essential, that all conductor wires arranged together in the cryostat are assigned the same current flow direction. If this is true, then it is a single-pole transmission ⁇ line.
  • a significant advantage of embodiments according to the invention - irrespective of whether it is a single-pole or two-pole ge transmission line - is that an energy transfer with high rated output is made possible by the Vorlie ⁇ gene of multiple wires for each pole, while nevertheless converters each having relatively low rated power or rated current can be used. This is on the one hand possible by DA that is transmitted at comparatively total niedri ⁇ ger voltage and a comparatively high overall current. As a result, the requirements on the dielectrics for avoiding voltage flashovers are comparatively lower than would be the case with a higher transmission voltage.
  • the method according to the invention serves to transmit direct current with a device according to the invention. It includes fully the step of feeding current moving ⁇ cher polarity in several within the common sheath Toggle parent conductor cores of the superconducting transmission line. In this case, the conductor wires can in particular be insulated from one another.
  • the advantages of this process he ⁇ give themselves analogously to the advantages described above of the device according to the invention.
  • the device preferably has a cooling device for cooling the radially inner region of the transmission line to a temperature below a transition temperature of the superconducting conductor wires by means of a fluid coolant.
  • the transmission line allows ⁇ suitably a direct current in the superconducting state of the conductor wires.
  • the substratevorrich ⁇ tion comprises at least one feed device for feeding coolant at an end portion of the transmission line.
  • the transmission line at least one coolant channel which is designed for the transport of fluid coolant along a longitudinal direction of the transfer line and disposed within the common vacuum-insulated shell, so that it ge ⁇ led conductor leads can be effectively cooled by the coolant.
  • the transmission line of the device preferably has at least one such coolant channel which jointly surrounds the superconducting conductor cores disposed within the common sheath.
  • a plurality of such conductor wires may be arranged together within a sol ⁇ Chen coolant channel and thereby be guided side by side.
  • a plurality of conductor cores are arranged concentrically around each other and that at least one radially outer coolant channel surrounds these concentric conductor cores together in a ring.
  • other such coolant channels may also be arranged between such concentric conductor wheels.
  • the conductor cores which are thermally insulated by the common vacuum-insulated sheath, can also be cooled together by the coolant in the coolant channel surrounding them, and thus the device cost for the cooling of the plurality of conductor cores is advantageously low is.
  • the vacuum-insulated sheath may particularly preferably limit the coolant channel surrounding the conductor cores radially outwards.
  • each of the conductor leads is individually cooled or that are cooled separately at ⁇ game as combined groups of conductor leads from one another. This can in turn be done, for example, by coolant channels which are each assigned to individual conductor cores or also groups of conductor cores.
  • the individual, within the common vaku ⁇ umisol striv shell guided conductor wires by means of a dielectric insulating layer are insulated from each other so that during operation of the device, a potential difference between the individual conductor wires of at least 3 kV can be maintained. Even more preferably, even a potential difference of at least 9 kV or even at least 15 kV between the individual conductor wires lie, without the risk of voltage flashovers exists. In particular, such an insulation layer should also be present between those conductor wires of a transmission line which are designed to transmit direct current of the same polarity.
  • this embodiment is nevertheless expedient to at ⁇ play (in case of failure of a converter which is associated with a particular core wire or group of conductor cores ) to be able to continue the current transport over the other conductor wires.
  • ⁇ play in case of failure of a converter which is associated with a particular core wire or group of conductor cores
  • a not inconsiderable Potentialdiffe ⁇ rence between the relevant adjacent conductor wires situated on and the electrical insulation between an active and an inactive conductor wire is relevant.
  • a deactivated conductor can, for example, high impedance to the potential of an adjacent conductor wire and / or to another, suitable for reducing the potential difference potential.
  • the described dielectric insulation layer should thus be designed to electrically insulate each other from each other angeord ⁇ designated conductor wires against each other.
  • the dielectric insulation layer should not be necessary here. can be understood as a solid layer, but it can be particularly preferably partially or even mainly formed ⁇ Lich by the fluid coolant. It is only important that between the adjacent conductor wires a sufficiently dielectric for the respective voltage range dielectric is arranged in sufficient thickness.
  • the dielectric insulating layer may thus preferably comprise a fluid coolant.
  • they may be formed in axial and / or radial portions of the transmission line a majority of fluid coolant at least ⁇ .
  • This may be, in particular, the coolant flowing in an annular coolant channel in the longitudinal direction of the line, which is fed from one end of the line.
  • Such a design with coolant as part of the Isolati ⁇ ons harsh is particularly suitable for Gleichstromübertra ⁇ tion in the lower voltage range and medium voltage range, ie, for example, with voltages between 1 kV and 24 kV, since in this voltage range, for example, liquid nitrogen and liquid hydrogen sufficiently puncture are.
  • Particularly preferred is the use for the
  • the dielectric insulation layer can be formed in particular more ⁇ uniformly from fluid coolant. In other words, a majority of the volume of the insulating layer may be due to fluid coolant.
  • the dielectric isolation layer in the We ⁇ sentlichen can be formed by the filled with coolant annular coolant duct, wherein the hollow cylindrical Ka ⁇ nal next to the coolant additional electrically insulating Supporting elements for supporting the more internal elements of the conduit may have.
  • the transmission line has radially continuous axial segments and / or azimuthal segments in which the dielectric insulation layer is completely formed by fluid coolant.
  • the optionally existing between these segments support elements may be web-like. They may be formed, for example, from stainless steel, glass fiber reinforced plastic and / or cast resin, with non-conductive materials being particularly preferred.
  • a significant advantage of the embodiments in which a significant proportion of the dielectric insulating layer is formed by coolant, is that compared to a pure solid insulation, a high weight saving and material savings can be achieved.
  • the dielectric insulating layer may also include at least one layer of paper embedded in coolant.
  • the paper can thereby flow of fluid or coolant around ⁇ flow through.
  • the paper can be advantageous as the polypropylene-laminated paper (abbreviated PPLP) vorlie ⁇ gen, which is particularly effetschlägstest.
  • PPLP layer consists of a laminate of a polypropylene film which is adjacent to both sides of cellulose paper.
  • the dielectric insulation layer may also comprise a stack of a plurality of such papers, wherein the individual paper layers are respectively flowed around by fluid coolant.
  • the fluid coolant may be routed inside the transmission line at least on a majority part of the longitudinal extent of the conduit inside a smooth-walled tube.
  • a smooth-walled pipe should be such a tube be understood, which in addition to the natural production-related roughness of its surface has no regular, higher-level structure.
  • the tube should not be formed as a corrugated pipe, at least in said majority part.
  • a sufficiently high mass flow rate of the coolant can be achieved in order to ensure the cooling capacity required over the line length, even in a low pressure range.
  • a warming can be kept low by associated with a swirling mechanical friction losses ⁇ to.
  • the thermally effective surface is compared with pipes vacuum-insulated with smooth pipes
  • the coolant channel is delimited over the entire length of the transmission line by a smooth-walled tube.
  • Smooth-walled coolant pipes basically have the disadvantage of lower mechanical flexibility when laying the transmission line. This disadvantage can be compensated for by arranging comparatively shorter segments with wavy boundary tubes between individual segments with smooth-walled boundary tubes. So still a higher mobility of the line can be made possible by bending at predetermined locations.
  • the arrangement may be such segments with corrugated coolant tubes can be advantageous. Nevertheless, the turbulence in these corrugated segments can be kept low by virtue of the fact that a corrugated outer coolant tube is provided with a corrugated outer tube. slippery pipe section is lined, so that in the interior of this smooth pipe section flowing coolant in turn undergoes only a slight turbulence.
  • the coolant tube as a corrugated tube.
  • An advantage of this alternative embodiment is that such a corrugated pipe can be easily positioned around the conductor wires by its greater flexibility.
  • the previously described (smooth and / or corrugated) coolant tubes can each be the common vacuum-insulated shell of the superconducting transmission line.
  • the dielectric insulating layer may advantageously have a dielectric strength of at least 20 kV / mm. It can therefore be designed soteurschlägstest that with the device a DC transmission at voltages above 1 kV at the same time advantageously low thickness of the dielectric insulating layer between adjacent conductor wires is made possible.
  • This thickness of the insulation ⁇ layer can for example be between 1 mm and 10 mm.
  • the superconducting conductor wires can advantageously comprise conductor elements with a high-temperature superconducting material.
  • High-temperature superconductors are superconducting materials with a transition temperature above 25 K and some classes of materials, such as the cuprate Supralei ⁇ tern, above 77 K, where the operating temperature can be achieved by cooling with other cryogenic materials as liquid helium. HTS materials are also particularly attractive because these materials can have very high critical current densities, depending on the choice of operating temperature.
  • the high temperature superconducting material may comprise magnesium diboride.
  • the conductor elements can magnesium diboride as the main component aufwei ⁇ sen or even consist essentially of magnesium diboride.
  • Magnesium diboride has a transition temperature of about 39 K and is therefore considered as a high-temperature superconductor, but the transition temperature is rather low compared to other HTS materials.
  • the advantages of this material compared to oxide-ceramic high-temperature superconductors lie in its easy and thus inexpensive manufacturability.
  • Magnesium diboride-based conductors can be produced particularly easily and inexpensively by aerosol deposition or by the so-called powder-in-tube process.
  • the conductor elements may also comprise other high-temperature superconducting materials, for example HTS materials of the second generation, ie compounds of the type REBa 2 Cu30 x (REBCO for short), where RE stands for a rare-earth element or a mixture of such elements. Due to their high transition temperatures, REBCO superconductors can also be cooled with liquid nitrogen and, especially at temperatures lower than 77 K, have a particularly high current carrying capacity.
  • Other advantageous materials are HTS materials of the first generation, for example the different variants of bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide.
  • superconducting pnictides can also be used. Due ih ⁇ rer rather low critical temperature superconducting Pnictides eligible for an operating temperature of about 20 to 30 K in question.
  • the superconducting conductor wires may be arranged concentrically with each other. They may then, for example, together be surrounded radially by an annular coolant channel which extends between the concentric conductor wires on the one hand and the vacuum-insulated sleeve on the other hand.
  • Alternative or additional borrowed one or more coolant channels can be arranged radially between the individual conductor wires and / or within the innermost conductor core.
  • annular coolant channels between the individual concentric conductor wires these can in turn be designed such that the fluid coolant flowing in them forms a substantial part of the dielectrics which mutually insulate the conductor wires.
  • a solid dielectric it is also fundamentally possible for a solid dielectric to be present between the concentric conductor cores.
  • the concentric superconducting conductor wires can preferably be arranged on a common rod-shaped carrier.
  • a carrier may be formed for example as a solid core or as a tube for the transport of coolant.
  • a carrier material is in particular a metal ⁇ lic material, especially copper or a copper-containing alloy.
  • the individual superconducting conductor wires can be arranged next to one another within the common sleeve.
  • the individual conductor wires each have one or more conductor elements, which are each arranged on a core.
  • each of these conductor elements may be band-shaped conductor elements.
  • the core may in particular be a metallic core, preferably a copper-containing core. Again, this core can be designed either as a solid rod or pipe (in particular for the transport of coolant). In the said embodiment with adjacent ge ⁇ led conductor cores, these may be arranged generally either together on a common core or on separate cores. There may also be several such cores available.
  • a plurality of superconducting conductor elements are arranged grouped on a common core.
  • This ⁇ a individual superconducting conductor elements can in principle either a common core conductor or also to separate conductor cores include (where appropriate then sufficiently impact resistant to be insulated from each other ⁇ th).
  • a plurality of such conductor elements gesta ⁇ pelt are arranged one above the other.
  • a plurality of such conductor elements may be helically wound around a common core next to each other.
  • the adjacent helical coils may optionally be insulated from each other by a respective dielectric isolati ⁇ ons slaughter. Again, this dielectric insulating layer can again be formed mainly by the coolant or it may be a solid dielectric in the spaces between the individual spiral-shaped conductor elements.
  • the number n of the conductor wires of a transmission line may preferably be between 2 and 100, in particular between 7 and 37. More preferably, the number n may be a so-called "magic number", which allows a regular arrangement of the conductor wires according to the pattern of a centered hexagon, n can therefore be an integer number according to the general formula
  • n 3i 2 + 3i, (formula 2) where i is again the number of concentric shells around the now vacant central space. The corresponding sequence of numbers is so
  • n 6, 18, 36, 60, 90, ...
  • the number n of the conductor wires can also be an integer multiple of such a "magic number” or "magic number plus one".
  • a central coolant channel may advantageously extend at this point.
  • a general advantage of the embodiments with a relatively high number of conductor wires is that this relatively high degree of parallel connection of individual wires within a pole enables DC transmission with a high overall rating, without the need for a single converter high performance specification needed.
  • the fluid coolant may advantageously comprise nitrogen, water ⁇ material, helium and / or neon.
  • the coolant may consist entirely of one of these substances. All ⁇ common, the coolant can be present in the liquid, gaseous and / or supercritical state. It can the
  • the coolant expedient to be adapted to the desired operating ⁇ temperature of the selected superconductor In ⁇ play as second generation HTS materials can easily be cooled with liquid nitrogen while magnesium diboride with liquid or supercritical What can be cooled ⁇ serstoff particularly advantageous.
  • the use of a überkriti ⁇ rule coolant, particularly supercritical hydrogen, is particularly advantageous because the bubbles ⁇ formation is excluded by boiling of the coolant in the coolant channel in this state, and thus the dielectric strength at a use of the coolant is increased as the dielectric insulation ⁇ medium.
  • the operating temperature of the superconducting conductor element may be, for example, in the case of cooling with water. between 20 and 35 K or with nitrogen between 65 and 80 K.
  • the individual power converters can preferably be designed in each case for an operating current of at most 4 kiloamps. In ⁇ play, they may be designed for an operating current for each of between 1 and 2 kiloamps kiloamperes. In this rated current range, in contrast to even higher currents, a large selection of inexpensive and reliable standard components is available.
  • the individual power converters may each for an operating voltage of up to 9 kV, in particular at most 5 kV ⁇ sondere be designed.
  • they can each be designed for an operating voltage between 1 kV and 9 kV, in particular between 3 kV and 4.5 kV. In contrast to even higher voltages, this range of voltages also offers a large selection of inexpensive and reliable standard components.
  • the n power converters can be configured as a rectifier. In other words, they can be adapted to convert a cod- feeding into the circuit wires of the transmission line direct current from an alternating current ⁇ . In this type of input feed-then the entire transmission device to suitable to transport a standing originally in the form of AC available electrical energy within the Kochtra ⁇ supply line as a direct current.
  • the device may also comprise n inverters.
  • the device can be equipped with n power converters which can convert the rated current transmitted on the load side in an alternating current.
  • the power converters eg as rectifiers, inverters and / or inverters
  • these can be implemented, for example, as IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), as thyristors and / or as MOSFETs (for metal oxide).
  • IGBTs Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
  • MOSFETs for metal oxide
  • Semiconductor field-effect transistor be configured.
  • the DC transmission device may generally be preferred for a transmission power of at least 10 MW, in particular even at least 400 MW, or even at least
  • the transmission device can be operated in the region of the superconducting transmission line in a DC voltage range, which lies within the voltage specification of a single power converter.
  • each conductor core or each group of conductor wires
  • each conductor core is assigned in particular only one rectifier and / or only one inverter.
  • This embodiment is particularly preferred because of its lower equipment cost. It can be implemented particularly well with the NEN-described ⁇ multicore concept, since a high power can be transmitted through the parallel current lead in the individual conductor wires without the need for a high voltage level is required.
  • all the superconducting conductor wires of the described transmission line are designed for the transport of direct current with mutually identical polarity. So it is a einpoli ⁇ ge transmission line.
  • the power transmission device may be particularly preferable for the power transmission device to have a second such transmission line for transmitting direct current of the opposite polarity. In other words, it is then a total transmission device for two-pole DC transmission in two separate single-ended transmission lines.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an apparatus for
  • Direct current transmission according to a first example of the invention shows
  • Figure 2 shows a superconducting transmission line of such a device according to a second example of the invention in a schematic cross section
  • Figure 3 shows a superconducting transmission line according to a third example in schematic cross section
  • Figure 4 shows parts of a superconducting transmission line according to a fourth example in a schematic longitudinal section
  • Figure 5 shows a transmission line according to a fifth example in schematic cross section
  • Figure 6 shows a transmission line according to a sixth example in schematic cross section
  • FIG. 5 shows a transmission line according to a fifth example in schematic cross section
  • Figure 6 shows a transmission line according to a sixth example in schematic cross section
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of a device for power transmission according to a seventh example.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device 1 for DC transmission according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • a superconducting transmission line 3 which serves to transmit direct current over longer distances.
  • This transmission line 3 has a plurality of individual superconducting conductor wires 5, four of which are shown here by way of example. In particular, however, it may also be a significantly larger number of such leads .
  • these conductor wires 5 are intended to be arranged in a common vacuum-insulated envelope, not shown here, which thermally insulates the interior of the transmission line 3 against a warmer external environment.
  • the individual conductor wires 5 of the transmission line 3 are each connected separately with their associated power converters 6a and 6b.
  • the power converters 6a are designed as rectifiers, with which therefore a direct current can be fed in parallel into the individual conductor wires 5.
  • each of these rectifier 6a are mutually electrically connected in parallel so that the total to be transported direct current is distributed to several pa ⁇ rallele current paths in the individual conductor wires.
  • the individual conductor wires 5 are in each case in turn connected to inverters 6b, which in turn convert the transmitted direct current into an alternating current.
  • These inverters 6b are also electrically parallel to one another switched, so that again results in a summated AC on the output side.
  • the superconducting transmission line 3 represents a single-pole line.
  • the individual conductor wires 5 and the respective rectifiers 6a connected in series with them are thus switched such that current of the same polarity is conducted through the individual conductor wires 5.
  • the power converters 6a and 6b and the individual conductor wires 5 are designed for a voltage range below 3.3 kV. Voltage range in this chip the standardized technical requirements to the inverter and the insulation of the conductor wires 5 advantageous relatively low, so that the design, herstel ⁇ development, installation and operation in accordance with relatively simple and thus fail cheap.
  • the power converters and the conductor wires can also be designed for a slightly higher voltage range. Examples are the following values for rated voltage and currents may be mentioned that share with standard building ⁇ relatively easy can be realized:
  • IGBTs For the rectifier and / or the inverters IGBTs can be used, which are designed for a nominal voltage of about 3.3 kV and a rated current of about 1.5 kA.
  • IGBTs For the rectifier and / or the inverters IGBTs can be used, which are designed for a nominal voltage of about 4.5 kV and a rated current of about 3 kA.
  • thyristors For the rectifier and / or the inverters thyristors can be used, which for a nominal voltage of about 3.6 kV and a rated current of about 0.9 kA.
  • thyristors For the rectifier and / or the inverters thyristors can be used, which are designed for a nominal voltage of about 7 kV and a rated current of about 1.3 kA.
  • FIG. 2 shows a superconducting transmission line 3 of a DC transmission device according to a second example of the invention in a schematic cross section.
  • the device as a whole can be constructed as a whole as shown in Figure 1.
  • ⁇ restricting portion 9 of the transmission line 3 are exemplary five individual superconducting conductor filaments 5, which are arranged in this example in the form of nested cylindrical tubes concentric with each other here.
  • the number of conductor wires 5 shown by way of example can stand by way of example for a different and, in particular, larger number of conductor wires.
  • the individual conductor wires 5 each have a support tube with a superconducting layer not shown here.
  • this superconducting layer may be, for example, a superconducting coating on the Trä ⁇ gerrohr act or it may also be a coating applied to the pipe winding, for example of a strip conductor.
  • the concentric nested conductor wires 5 are electrically isolated from each other.
  • dielectric insulation layers 31 are arranged between each individual radially adjacent conductor wires 5 .
  • These dielectric insulation layers 31 may be formed, for example, each from fluid coolant 11 and / or a solid insulation.
  • each individual cylinder jacket-shaped cooling ⁇ medium channels 25b are arranged to 25e, so that a substantial portion of the insulation effect can be given by the coolant itself between the individual conductor strands.
  • Exemplary is between the innermost two conductor wires additionally shown a paper insulation 33, wherein the paper should be additionally impregnated by fluid coolant 11.
  • a different solid insulation for example made of plastic, to be arranged between the individual concentric conductor wires 5. However, this is not shown here for the sake of clarity.
  • the radially inner region 9 of the transmission line 3 is thermally insulated from the warmer outside environment 15 through a vacuum-insulated shell ⁇ . 13
  • this envelope 13 an inner cryostat wall 13a and an outer cryostat wall 13b, between which a vacuum is formed of V ⁇ .
  • V may optionally be arranged as a radiation shield multilayer insulation.
  • annular coolant channel 25a is formed, which surrounds all inner conductor wires 5 together.
  • the outermost coolant channel 25a serves simultaneously as a dielectric between the conductor wires 5 and the inner cryostat wall 13a, which can simultaneously act as a cable shield.
  • a cavity 25f is also formed in the interior of the innermost conductor core, which can be used here as an internal coolant channel.
  • a plurality of support elements 39 are provided here, three of which are shown here by way of example. Further Stützele ⁇ elements 39 may expediently be provided between the individual conductor wires 5, as shown here by way of example for the two outermost conductor wires.
  • the transmission line 3 shows a schematic cross-section of a superconducting transmission line 3 according to another example of the invention.
  • the transmission line 3 has a plurality of superconducting conductor wires 5, of which eight are shown here by way of example. Again, these conductor wires 5 are arranged together within a vacuum-insulated casing 13. Furthermore, a coolant channel 25 is provided, which surrounds the individual conductor wires 5, so that they can be cooled together with a fluid coolant 11.
  • the individual conductor cores 5 are arranged on a common rod-shaped core 28.
  • This core is here as industry, as an elongated copper core with an approximately circular cross-section.
  • This copper core can be constructed, for example, from copper strands and thus have a relatively high mechanical flexibility ⁇ .
  • the individual conductor wires 5 are arranged distributed in cross section over the circumference of the common core 28.
  • these individual conductor strands may be helically wound around the common core. They can be arranged electrically separated from one another over the entire length of the transmission line 3. Thus, they can be electrically insulated in each case by an insulating layer, not shown here, in each case from the inner core 28.
  • the electrical separation of the individual conductor wires 5 with one another can be carried out, for example, essentially by the coolant 11 flowing in the coolant channel 25.
  • a further insulating tape 32a may be wound between the be ⁇ neighboring conductor cores op- tional, as exemplified here for an adjacent pair of conductor wires.
  • a general advantage of the helical arrangement of the conductor wires 5 on the core 28 is that the overall conductor arrangement obtains a relatively high mechanical flexibility.
  • the individual conductor wires 5 are each made of stacks of a plurality of superposed superconducting Band conductors 26 formed. However, it is in principle also mög ⁇ Lich to produce a similar spiral winding of individual (unstacked) band conductors.
  • Figure 4 shows a portion of a superconducting transmission line three according to a further embodiment of the invention in a schematic longitudinal section. For the sake of clarity, here only an internal part of the transmission line 3 is shown, which can be arranged similar to those in FIGS. 2 or 3 within a vacuum-insulated casing 13 and can be held there by support elements.
  • FIG. 4 shows a metallic core 28, which, in this case as well, can be designed, for example, either as a solid core or as a stranded structure.
  • a metallic core 28 which, in this case as well, can be designed, for example, either as a solid core or as a stranded structure.
  • a plurality of superconducting conductor wires 5 is arranged spirally wound on this core 28.
  • the individual conductor wires 5 are formed here from stacks of superconducting coated conductors, but each of side by side coiled strip conductors 26th Similar to the example of FIG. 3, the electrical insulation between the individual conductor wires 5 can also be formed, for example, essentially by the coolant 11 flowing in these structures.
  • an insulation tape 32a between the adjacent conductor wires may optionally also be wound in between, as shown here by way of example for the two middle conductor wires 5.
  • 5 shows a superconductive transmission line 3 according to a further embodiment of the invention in schemati ⁇ 's cross-section.
  • the transmission line ⁇ 3-eight individual conductor strands 5 which are also arranged here together within a vacuum-insulated casing 13 and are jointly surrounded by an annular coolant channel 25th
  • the twenty-eight individual conductor wires 5 are divided into seven groups, each group having a separate core 28. These cores can also be formed here of copper-containing material.
  • Around each of these cores four individual superconducting conductor elements 26 are arranged in the form of individual strip conductors. The seven individual strands thus formed are also from here
  • Support members 39 in position relative to the outer
  • FIG. 6 shows a superconducting transmission line 3 according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • this transmission line has a very similar construction to that of FIG. 5.
  • twenty-eight conductor cores 5 are subdivided into seven groups, with four band conductors 26 being jointly arranged on one core.
  • the electric Isola- tion is achieved between the individual conductor wires substantially through the fluid coolant 11 and not by too ⁇ additional plastic insulation here.
  • the individual cores 28 are supported by support elements 39 separated from each other supported ⁇ th, of which in figure 6 only one is shown by way of example.
  • the minimum distance between individual adjacent conductor wires 5 can be, for example, at least 1 mm for this purpose.
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of a device 1 for power transmission according to a further embodiment of the invention.
  • the device 1 has two superconducting transmission lines 3a and 3b. These transmission lines 3a and 3b are configured, for example, respectively similar to one of the Figures 2 to 6 in ⁇ be.
  • these two transmission lines are each again designed as single-pole lines with a plurality of conductor wires.
  • the device for power transmission comprises a cooling device 7 with in this example two separate cooling units 18, in which the fluid coolant 11 is cooled down again after heating in the cooling channels of the lines.
  • Each of the transmission lines may have an extension of, for example, several 10 km in the longitudinal direction 21.
  • Each of the two lines 3a and 3b has at one of its two ends a device 17 for feeding cooled by one of the cooling units 18 down coolant in the radially inner region of the respective conduit.
  • a device 17 for feeding cooled by one of the cooling units 18 down coolant in the radially inner region of the respective conduit.
  • the line 3a is arranged on the first end portion 19a, and the line 3b is disposed at the opposite second end portions 19b.
  • the axially inner region 23 is thus free of such for both lines
  • the fluid coolant 11 circulates in this example in a closed circuit through the coolant channels 25 of the two lines 3a and 3b, the ⁇ at the cooling units 18 and the interposed coolant tubes 47 and feed devices 17.
  • the flow directions 27a and 27b of the coolant in the Both lines are opposite.
  • the thermal insulation of the radially inner regions 9 of the lines 3a and 3b ensures that their respective superconducting conductor elements are maintained over the entire longitudinal extent 21 of the lines at an operating temperature below the transition temperature of the superconductor.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif (1) permettant le transfert de courant continu avec une ligne de transfert (3, 3a) supraconductrice, ladite ligne de transfert (3) présentant une enveloppe sous vide (13) pour isoler thermiquement une zone (9) radialement intérieure de la ligne de transfert (3) par rapport à un environnement extérieur (15), et une pluralité n de brins supraconducteurs (5) qui sont disposés ensemble à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe sous vide (13), ledit dispositif (1) présentant un nombre n de convertisseurs (6a, 6b), au moins un convertisseur (6a, 6b) étant associé à chacun des brins supraconducteurs (5) ou à chacun des groupes de brins conducteurs (5) réunis, et ledit dispositif étant conçu de manière à appliquer à plusieurs brins (5) guidés ensemble à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe (13) un courant continu de même polarité. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de transfert de courant continu au moyen d'un dispositif de ce type, ledit procédé se caractérisant par l'étape consistant à fournir un courant de même polarité à plusieurs brins (5) de la ligne de transfert (3) supraconductrice guidés à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe (13) commune.
PCT/EP2018/060362 2017-04-25 2018-04-23 Dispositif et procédé de transfert de courant continu à puissance nominale élevée WO2018197427A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017206915.5A DE102017206915A1 (de) 2017-04-25 2017-04-25 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Gleichstromübertragung mit hoher Nennleistung
DE102017206915.5 2017-04-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018197427A1 true WO2018197427A1 (fr) 2018-11-01

Family

ID=62148310

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2018/060362 WO2018197427A1 (fr) 2017-04-25 2018-04-23 Dispositif et procédé de transfert de courant continu à puissance nominale élevée

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102017206915A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018197427A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003012460A2 (fr) * 2001-08-01 2003-02-13 Southwire Company Cable hts triaxial
EP1455367A1 (fr) * 2001-12-18 2004-09-08 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Cable supraconducteur a courant continu
JP2006140122A (ja) * 2004-10-15 2006-06-01 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 超電導ケーブル
US20070084623A1 (en) * 2004-07-20 2007-04-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Y.Y.L. Direct current superconducting power transmission cable and system
CN101404193A (zh) * 2008-11-18 2009-04-08 华北电力大学 一种同轴双向传输直流高温超导电缆本体的设计方法

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015209432A1 (de) * 2015-05-22 2016-11-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung zur Gleichstromübertragung und Kühlverfahren

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003012460A2 (fr) * 2001-08-01 2003-02-13 Southwire Company Cable hts triaxial
EP1455367A1 (fr) * 2001-12-18 2004-09-08 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Cable supraconducteur a courant continu
US20070084623A1 (en) * 2004-07-20 2007-04-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Y.Y.L. Direct current superconducting power transmission cable and system
JP2006140122A (ja) * 2004-10-15 2006-06-01 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 超電導ケーブル
CN101404193A (zh) * 2008-11-18 2009-04-08 华北电力大学 一种同轴双向传输直流高温超导电缆本体的设计方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102017206915A1 (de) 2018-10-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3281211B1 (fr) Dispositif de transmission de courant continu
EP1717821B1 (fr) Câble supraconducteur
DE69727917T2 (de) Elektromagnetisches gerät
JP6155195B2 (ja) 超電導ケーブルの接続構造
CN101142637B (zh) 超导电缆
EP2017856B1 (fr) Câble électrique résistant à une forte conduction
DE102015220301A1 (de) Energieübertragungsvorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug
EP2369600B1 (fr) Câble supraconducteur pour courant continu
DE112015004298T5 (de) Supraleitendes Kabel
EP2071589B1 (fr) Câble électrique supraconducteur
EP2426676A1 (fr) Agencement doté d'au moins un câble supraconducteur
CN101916620B (zh) 超导电缆和包含该超导电缆的dc传输系统
EP2634779A1 (fr) Système doté d'un élément de transmission électrique supraconducteur triphasé
EP2551859A1 (fr) Agencement doté d'un système de câble électrique supraconducteur à courant continu
JP2010186733A (ja) 超電導ケーブルの接続部、及びそれを用いた超電導ケーブル線路
WO2018197427A1 (fr) Dispositif et procédé de transfert de courant continu à puissance nominale élevée
US20120103659A1 (en) Superconducting cable system
DE102014224363A1 (de) Vorrichtung der Supraleitungstechnik mitSpuleneinrichtungen und Kühlvorrichtung sowie damitausgestattetes Fahrzeug
DE2317013B2 (de) Wassergekühltes Hochspannungsenergiekabel
DE2339102A1 (de) Wassergekuehltes hochspannungsenergiekabel
DE1665721A1 (de) Supraleitendes Starkstromkabel
DE2353354C3 (de) Anordnung zur Kühlung eines elektrischen Kabels
DE1790245C3 (de) Supraleitendes Wechselstromkabel
DE202021004265U1 (de) Vorrichtung zur induktiven Erwärmung von Metallgut
DE1640750C (de) Supraleitendes Wechselstromkabel

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 18723726

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 18723726

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1