WO2018196367A1 - 一种重金属钝化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种重金属钝化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018196367A1 WO2018196367A1 PCT/CN2017/113084 CN2017113084W WO2018196367A1 WO 2018196367 A1 WO2018196367 A1 WO 2018196367A1 CN 2017113084 W CN2017113084 W CN 2017113084W WO 2018196367 A1 WO2018196367 A1 WO 2018196367A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/08—Aluminium compounds, e.g. aluminium hydroxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/04—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only applied in a physical form other than a solution or a grout, e.g. as granules or gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of treatment and passivation of heavy metal elements in wastewater/soil, in particular to a heavy metal passivating agent and a preparation method thereof.
- pyrite and clay minerals are good heavy metal adsorption materials and can be widely used in environmental pollution control.
- how to exert their respective advantages and prepare a heavy metal passivator product which has good curing effect on various heavy metals is the core problem to be solved.
- a common metal sulfide ore pyrite is stable in the natural state and has a low curing rate for heavy metal elements.
- Clay minerals are also the most common secondary layered silicate minerals in nature. They include 2:1:1 type illite, 2:1 type montmorillonite, and 1:1 type kaolinite.
- the 1:1 type kaolinite (ideal structure Al 4 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 8 , the actual structural formula Al 4 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 8 ) has a layer spacing of 7.2 ⁇ , interlayer force (hydrogen bond force) Strong, almost no lattice substitution occurs, the cation exchange capacity is small (30-150 mmol/kg soil), and the specific surface area is small (9-70 m 2 /g soil), so the pollutant adsorption capacity is weak.
- 2:1 type montmorillonite (ideal structure Al 4 Si 8 O 20 (OH) 4 .nH 2 O , actual structural formula (1/2Ca,Na) x (Mg x Al 4-x )(Si 8 O 20 ) (OH) 4 .nH 2 O ) has a layer spacing of 9.6-40 ⁇ , interlayer force (Fan's force) is weak, lattice replacement occurs, and Al 3+ is Mg 2+ , Fe 2+ , Zn 2+ , etc.
- the negative charge is balanced by Na + or Ca 2+ , the cation exchange capacity is large (700-1300 mmol/kg soil), and the specific surface area is large (600-850 m 2 /g soil), so the pollutant adsorption capacity is strong.
- the interlayer spacing is 10.0 ⁇
- the interlayer force electrostatic force
- the lattice substitution is easy.
- the substitution position is mainly in Si-O, and the substitution number is more than that of montmorillonite.
- the negative charge generated by the equivalent K + To balance, the cation exchange capacity reaches 200-400mmol/kg soil, and the specific surface area is 65-180m 2 /g soil.
- the adsorption capacity of pollutants is better than that of 1:1 type kaolinite and 2:1 type montmorillonite.
- the formation of clay minerals has a long history, the activity is reduced, and the adsorption capacity of environmental pollutants has been greatly reduced.
- the present invention is directed to the deficiencies of the prior art and provides a heavy metal passivating agent and a method of preparing the same.
- the technical route of the invention is: using pyrite as the main raw material, and being compatible with quicklime and reducing iron powder auxiliary materials, in the heating process, the iron and sulfur elements in the pyrite are activated to form ferrous sulfide and sulfur powder.
- pyrite as the main raw material, and being compatible with quicklime and reducing iron powder auxiliary materials, in the heating process, the iron and sulfur elements in the pyrite are activated to form ferrous sulfide and sulfur powder.
- calcium sulfide and other compounds, made into a primary product I Used to react with heavy metal elements such as arsenic, mercury and cadmium in precipitated solidified soil; at the same time, clay minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite)
- primary clay II which is mainly composed of activated clay minerals, used to adsorb heavy metal elements in wastewater/soil and through primary Product I
- the heavy metal elements that have reacted and precipitated have occurred, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the heavy metal elements in the wastewater/soil to achieve the purpose of reducing pollutants.
- the idea of preparing the heavy metal passivating agent of the invention is as follows: firstly, the pyrite (FeS 2 content ⁇ 96%), the quicklime (CaO ⁇ 90%) and the reducing iron powder (Fe ⁇ 98%) are metered and blended, and the ball mill is used.
- the primary product I of heavy metal passivation agent drying, molding, reduction roasting, cooling, crushing, packaging and other processes to prepare the primary product I of heavy metal passivation agent;
- the clay mineral kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite or diatomaceous earth
- Yuanming powder Na 2 SO 4 ⁇ 99%
- ball milling, drying, forming, heating in a saturated steam furnace the reaction product is cooled and pulverized to make a preliminary product II
- the primary product I and the primary product II are mixed, crushed to more than 100 mesh, packaged into bags, and a heavy metal passivating agent is obtained.
- a heavy metal deactivator the raw material component comprising a component A and a component B;
- the A component raw material based on the mass percentage (%) of the A component, includes the following raw material components:
- the raw material of the B component includes the following raw material components:
- the pyrite has a purity of not less than 96% and does not contain cadmium, lead, zinc, mercury, nickel, chromium, copper. Or arsenic harmful heavy metal elements.
- the quicklime is in the form of a powder, the calcium oxide content is more than 90%, and does not contain toxic and harmful substances.
- the content of iron is ⁇ 98%
- the content of carbon is ⁇ 0.01%
- the content of phosphorus and sulfur are ⁇ 0.03.
- the hydrogen loss is 0.1 to 0.2%.
- the reduced iron powder has a particle size larger than 100 mesh (less than 0.15 mm).
- the clay mineral comprises kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite or diatomaceous earth.
- the clay mineral is fine-grained, the particle size is more than 200 mesh (less than 0.074 mm), and the clay mineral is more than pure. 75%.
- the Na 2 SO 4 content is ⁇ 99%.
- a method of preparing a heavy metal passivating agent comprising the steps of:
- the ball milling is to ball mill various materials in the mixture to a particle size of ⁇ 200 mesh (less than 0.074mm).
- the drying is drying to a moisture content of less than 6%.
- the molding is performed by processing the dried mixture into pellets having a particle diameter of 1 to 3 cm.
- the heating activation temperature is 100 to 1200 ° C
- the heating activation time is 0.5 to 4 In hours
- the heat activated atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere having an oxygen fugacity of not more than 4%.
- the cooling is performed by air cooling or water cooling.
- the cooling is cooled to 40 ° C or lower.
- the pulverization is pulverization to a particle diameter of 100 mesh or more (less than 0.15 mm). ).
- the ball milling is to ball mill various materials in the mixture to a particle diameter of more than 200 mesh (less than 0.074mm).
- the drying is performed by drying the mixture after the ball milling to a moisture content of less than 6%.
- the molding is to process the dried mixture into a length of 30 to 40 cm and a width. Blocks 10 ⁇ 15cm thick and 3 ⁇ 5cm thick.
- the temperature of the heating and curing under the saturated steam is 175 to 210 ° C, and the curing time is 6 ⁇ 24 hours, the pressure of curing is 1.25-1.65MPa.
- the cooling is performed by air cooling or water cooling.
- the cooling is cooled to 40 ° C or lower.
- the pulverization is pulverization to a particle size of 100 mesh or more (less than 0.15 mm). ).
- the mass percentage of the primary finished product I to the total mass of the primary finished product I and the primary finished product II is 5 ⁇ 85%.
- the mass percentage of the primary finished product II to the total mass of the primary finished product I and the primary finished product II is 15 ⁇ 95%.
- the pulverization is to pulverize the material to more than 100 mesh (less than 0.15 mm) ).
- the present invention has the following advantages and benefits:
- the heavy metal passivating agent of the invention has good curing effect on various heavy metals, and the concentration of heavy metals is 5-50 mg/L. Adding 2 grams of the heavy metal passivator of the invention to each liter of wastewater, the removal rate of arsenic is over 90%, and the removal rate of chromium, lead, copper and cadmium reaches 97%. Above, the treatment of heavy metals in wastewater has the characteristics of less formulation addition, short action time, and high removal rate of heavy metals;
- the heavy metal passivating agent of the invention has good compatibility with soil, does not cause secondary pollution of the soil, and has high passivation effect, and the amount of farmland per acre 200-300 kg of heavy metal passivation agent of the invention, the heavy metal content in the crop fruit is decreased by 20-70%, and the average drop is more than 30%;
- the raw material of the heavy metal passivating agent of the invention is natural and easy to obtain, has low cost, and has the advantages of high removal rate of heavy metals, and has high application value and market promotion potential.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a process flow for preparing a primary product I in an embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a process flow for preparing a primary product II in the embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a process flow for preparing and forming a heavy metal passivating agent in the embodiment.
- the raw material component of the heavy metal deactivator comprises the A component and the B component;
- the A component raw material based on the mass percentage (%) of the A component, includes the following raw material components:
- the raw material of the B component includes the following raw material components:
- the steps for preparing the heavy metal passivating agent include:
- Preparation of primary product I according to the mass percentage, A The components in the component are blended, ball milled, dried, and formed, and then heated and activated in a reduction furnace, cooled, pulverized, and packaged to obtain a primary finished product I.
- the schematic diagram of the preparation process is shown in FIG. 1;
- a heavy metal passivator the raw material component comprising a component A and a component B;
- a component raw material based on the mass percentage (%) of component A, includes the following raw material components:
- the raw material of component B includes the following raw material components:
- kaolinite has a purity of 78% and a particle size of 325 mesh; in Yuanming powder, the Na 2 SO 4 content is 99.8%.
- the preparation of a heavy metal passivating agent as described above comprises the following steps:
- Preparation of primary product I The components of component A are blended and ball milled to a particle size of 220 according to the mass percentage To dry, to a moisture content of 5.5%, and then processed into pellets with a particle size of 2.5 cm; and then heated to 1200 °C in a reducing atmosphere in a reducing furnace with an oxygen fugacity of 3%. Hours, after cooling to 30 °C, smash to 120 mesh to obtain primary product I;
- the primary product I and the primary product II to be prepared (according to the total mass percentage of the primary product I and the primary product II, The primary product I (85%) and the primary product II (15%) were blended, pulverized to 120 mesh, and then packaged to obtain the heavy metal passivator.
- the prepared heavy metal passivator is used for the passivation of heavy metals in wastewater:
- a heavy metal passivator the raw material component comprising a component A and a component B;
- a component raw material based on the mass percentage (%) of component A, includes the following raw material components:
- the raw material of component B includes the following raw material components:
- the purity of illite is 76% and the particle size is 320 mesh; in Yuanming powder, the content of Na 2 SO 4 is 99.5%.
- the preparation of a heavy metal passivating agent as described above comprises the following steps:
- Preparation of primary product I The components of component A are blended and ball-milled to a particle size of 210 according to the mass percentage To dry, to a moisture content of 5.8%, and then processed into pellets with a particle size of 1 cm; then in a reducing furnace, the atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere with an oxygen fugacity of 2.5%, heated to 800 °C for activation, 4 hours, cold to After pulverizing to 110 mesh at 25 °C, the primary product I is obtained;
- the primary product I and the primary product II to be prepared (according to the total mass percentage of the primary product I and the primary product II, The primary product I (60%) and the primary product II (40%) are blended, pulverized to 110 mesh, and then packaged to obtain the heavy metal passivator.
- the prepared heavy metal passivator is used for the passivation of heavy metals in wastewater:
- the concentration of Cr 3+ is 387 mg/L
- the concentration of Cd 2+ is 18 mg/L
- the pH is 5.76.
- 3 g of prepared heavy metals are added.
- a heavy metal passivator the raw material component comprising a component A and a component B;
- a component raw material based on the mass percentage (%) of component A, includes the following raw material components:
- the raw material of component B includes the following raw material components:
- the purity of montmorillonite is 78.4%, and the particle size is 250 mesh; in Yuanming powder, the content of Na 2 SO 4 is 99.1%.
- the preparation of a heavy metal passivating agent as described above comprises the following steps:
- Preparation of primary product I The components of component A are blended and ball milled to a particle size of 220 according to the mass percentage To dry, to a moisture content of 5.7%, and then processed into pellets with a particle size of 3 cm; and then heated to 100 °C in a reducing atmosphere in a reduction furnace with an oxygen fugacity of 1.9%, 2.5 Hours, after cooling to 28 °C, pulverize to 105 mesh to obtain the primary product I;
- the primary product I and the primary product II to be prepared (according to the total mass percentage of the primary product I and the primary product II, The primary product I is 50% and the primary product II is 50%. It is blended, pulverized to 105 mesh, and then packaged to obtain the heavy metal passivator.
- the prepared heavy metal passivator is used for the passivation of heavy metals in the soil:
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 一种重金属钝化剂,其特征在于,原料组分包括 A 组分和 B 组分;所述 A 组分原料,按占 A 组分质量百分比计,包括如下原料组分:硫铁矿 15 ~ 80 ;生石灰 5 ~ 80 ;还原性铁粉 5 ~ 70 ;所述 B 组分原料,按占 B 组分质量百分比计,包括如下原料组分:粘土矿物 30 ~ 80 ;元明粉 3 ~ 40 。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种重金属钝化剂,其特征在于,所述硫铁矿的纯度不低于96%,且不含有包括镉、铅、锌、汞、镍、铬、铜或砷的有害重金属元素。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种重金属钝化剂,其特征在于,所述生石灰为粉末状,氧化钙含量大于90%,且不含有毒有害物质。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种重金属钝化剂,其特征在于,所述还原性铁粉中,铁的含量≥98%,碳的含量≤0.01%,磷和硫的含量均≤0.03%,氢损为0.1~0.2%;所述还原性铁粉的粒度大于100目。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种重金属钝化剂,其特征在于,所述粘土矿物包括高岭石、蒙脱石、伊利石或硅藻土;所述粘土矿物为细粒状,粒度大于200目,粘土矿物纯度大于75%。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种重金属钝化剂,其特征在于,所述元明粉中,Na2SO4含量≥99%。
- 制备权利要求1~6任一项所述的一种重金属钝化剂的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:(1)初级成品Ⅰ的制备:按所述质量百分比,将A组分中的各组分掺混、球磨、烘干、成型,再在还原炉中加热活化,冷却后粉碎,得到初级成品Ⅰ;(2)初级成品Ⅱ的制备:按所述质量百分比,将B组分中的各组分混合后,球磨、烘干、成型,在饱和蒸汽下加热养护,冷却后粉碎,得到初级成品Ⅱ;(3)将制备的初级成品Ⅰ和初级成品Ⅱ掺混、粉碎、包装,得到所述重金属钝化剂。
- 根据权利要求7所述的一种重金属钝化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述球磨是将混合物中的各种物料均球磨至粒径≥200目;所述烘干是将物料烘干至含水率小于6%;所述成型是将烘干后的混合物料加工成粒径1~3cm的球粒;所述加热活化的温度为100~1200℃,加热活化的时间为0.5~4小时,加热活化的气氛为氧逸度不超过4%的还原气氛;所述冷却的方式为空冷或水冷;所述冷却是冷却至40℃以下;所述粉碎是粉碎至粒度100目以上。
- 根据权利要求7所述的一种重金属钝化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述球磨是将混合物中的各种物料均球磨至粒径≥200目;所述烘干是将球磨后的混合物料烘干至含水率小于6%;所述成型是将烘干后的混合物料加工成长30~40cm、宽10~15cm、厚3~5cm的块体;所述饱和蒸汽下加热养护的温度为175~210℃,养护的时间为6~24小时,养护的压力为1.25~1.65MPa;所述冷却的方式为空冷或水冷;所述冷却是冷却至40℃以下;所述粉碎是粉碎至粒度100目以上。
- 根据权利要求7所述的一种重金属钝化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述初级成品Ⅰ占初级成品Ⅰ和初级成品Ⅱ总质量的质量百分比为5~85%;所述初级成品Ⅱ占初级成品Ⅰ和初级成品Ⅱ总质量的质量百分比为15~95%;所述粉碎是将混合物料粉碎至粒度100目以上。
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| JP2019546804A JP6781915B2 (ja) | 2017-04-28 | 2017-11-27 | 重金属用不動態化剤及びその製造方法 |
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| CN201710291510.2A CN107033912B (zh) | 2017-04-28 | 2017-04-28 | 一种重金属钝化剂及其制备方法 |
| CN201710291510.2 | 2017-04-28 |
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| CN118325614A (zh) * | 2024-01-23 | 2024-07-12 | 武汉湖振煜环境科技有限公司 | 一种利用磷石膏和硫铁矿生产酸性土壤调理剂的方法 |
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| JP5239718B2 (ja) * | 2008-10-07 | 2013-07-17 | 学校法人早稲田大学 | 重金属類を含有する排水の水処理方法 |
| JP6931752B2 (ja) * | 2016-06-15 | 2021-09-08 | 有限会社シングレット開発 | テニスボールを利用した環境浄化具及び用途 |
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| CN1125702A (zh) * | 1995-10-20 | 1996-07-03 | 武汉工业大学 | 一种石灰类土壤固化剂 |
| KR100968937B1 (ko) * | 2010-02-05 | 2010-07-14 | (주)오에치케이 | 토지 고화제 |
| CN104845626A (zh) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-08-19 | 长沙华时捷环保科技发展有限公司 | 用于治理重金属污染土壤的钝化剂及其制备和使用方法 |
| CN105969364A (zh) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-09-28 | 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | 一种含二次还原铁粉的复合重金属钝化剂及其使用方法 |
| CN107033912A (zh) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-08-11 | 华南理工大学 | 一种重金属钝化剂及其制备方法 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114085672A (zh) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-02-25 | 江西师范大学 | 一种以蒙脱石为基底的大颗粒钝化材料及制备方法、应用 |
| CN114085672B (zh) * | 2021-11-26 | 2024-03-15 | 江西师范大学 | 一种以蒙脱石为基底的大颗粒钝化材料及制备方法、应用 |
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| CN107033912B (zh) | 2020-05-22 |
| CN107033912A (zh) | 2017-08-11 |
| JP2020514495A (ja) | 2020-05-21 |
| JP6781915B2 (ja) | 2020-11-11 |
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