WO2018196362A1 - 苯与甲醇和/或二甲醚生产对二甲苯联产低碳烯烃的流化床反应器及生产方法 - Google Patents

苯与甲醇和/或二甲醚生产对二甲苯联产低碳烯烃的流化床反应器及生产方法 Download PDF

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WO2018196362A1
WO2018196362A1 PCT/CN2017/112812 CN2017112812W WO2018196362A1 WO 2018196362 A1 WO2018196362 A1 WO 2018196362A1 CN 2017112812 W CN2017112812 W CN 2017112812W WO 2018196362 A1 WO2018196362 A1 WO 2018196362A1
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fluidized bed
distributor
methanol
gas
bed reactor
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PCT/CN2017/112812
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
叶茂
张涛
张今令
刘中民
贾金明
唐海龙
何长青
王贤高
张骋
李华
赵银峰
李承功
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中国科学院大连化学物理研究所
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Priority to SG11201910011U priority Critical patent/SG11201910011UA/en
Priority to US16/608,444 priority patent/US11072571B2/en
Priority to RU2019133740A priority patent/RU2745438C1/ru
Priority to EP17907100.6A priority patent/EP3617177A4/en
Priority to JP2019555175A priority patent/JP7035077B2/ja
Priority to KR1020197034519A priority patent/KR102325164B1/ko
Publication of WO2018196362A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018196362A1/zh

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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C1/00Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
    • C07C1/20Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J38/00Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
    • B01J38/04Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst
    • B01J38/06Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst using steam
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J4/00Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
    • B01J4/001Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
    • B01J4/004Sparger-type elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/1818Feeding of the fluidising gas
    • B01J8/1827Feeding of the fluidising gas the fluidising gas being a reactant
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J8/18Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/1845Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with particles moving upwards while fluidised
    • B01J8/1863Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with particles moving upwards while fluidised followed by a downward movement outside the reactor and subsequently re-entering it
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/1872Details of the fluidised bed reactor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B01J8/26Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with two or more fluidised beds, e.g. reactor and regeneration installations
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C1/00Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
    • C07C1/20Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
    • C07C1/24Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms by elimination of water
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C11/00Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons
    • C07C11/02Alkenes
    • C07C11/04Ethylene
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C11/00Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons
    • C07C11/02Alkenes
    • C07C11/06Propene
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C11/00Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons
    • C07C11/02Alkenes
    • C07C11/08Alkenes with four carbon atoms
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C15/00Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts
    • C07C15/02Monocyclic hydrocarbons
    • C07C15/067C8H10 hydrocarbons
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    • C07C2/00Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
    • C07C2/54Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition of unsaturated hydrocarbons to saturated hydrocarbons or to hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring with no unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
    • C07C2/64Addition to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2/00Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
    • C07C2/86Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
    • C07C2/862Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon the non-hydrocarbon contains only oxygen as hetero-atoms
    • C07C2/864Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon the non-hydrocarbon contains only oxygen as hetero-atoms the non-hydrocarbon is an alcohol
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2/00Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
    • C07C2/86Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
    • C07C2/862Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon the non-hydrocarbon contains only oxygen as hetero-atoms
    • C07C2/865Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon the non-hydrocarbon contains only oxygen as hetero-atoms the non-hydrocarbon is an ether
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2/00Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
    • C07C2/86Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
    • C07C2/88Growth and elimination reactions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00743Feeding or discharging of solids
    • B01J2208/00752Feeding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00796Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
    • B01J2208/00893Feeding means for the reactants
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00796Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
    • B01J2208/00893Feeding means for the reactants
    • B01J2208/00911Sparger-type feeding elements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2529/00Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • C07C2529/04Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
    • C07C2529/06Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • C07C2529/40Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/20Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/40Ethylene production

Definitions

  • Paraxylene is one of the basic organic raw materials in the petrochemical industry. It has a wide range of applications in chemical fiber, synthetic resins, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and polymer materials.
  • p-xylene production mainly uses toluene, C 9 aromatic hydrocarbons and mixed xylene as raw materials, and is obtained by disproportionation, isomerization, adsorption separation or cryogenic separation. Since the p-xylene content in the product is controlled by thermodynamic equilibrium, p-xylene only accounts for ⁇ 24% of the C 8 mixed aromatics, and the material circulation processing amount is large during the process, and the equipment is large and the operation cost is high.
  • Methanol is both a raw material for the alkylation of benzene and/or toluene and methanol, and is also a raw material for the MTO reaction, but the MTO reaction rate is much higher than the alkylation reaction rate of benzene and/or toluene and methanol.
  • Our experimental studies have shown that when benzene and methanol are co-fed and the methanol content of the feedstock is low, the MTO reaction quickly consumes most of the methanol (alkylation reactant) and inhibits the alkylation of benzene and/or toluene and methanol. The reaction yield is low in p-xylene.
  • the intake ring pipe is connected to the intake pipe air path, and the intake ring pipe is arranged on a plane perpendicular to a flow direction of the gas of the first distributor;
  • a process for the co-production of a light olefin with benzene and methanol and/or dimethyl ether to produce para-xylene Through different raw material streams distributed in different areas to achieve mass transfer control, and then coordinate and optimize the co-feed system to improve the reaction yield.
  • the alkylation of benzene and methanol produces a p-xylene reaction in which the reaction rates of the alkylation reaction and the MTO reaction are greatly different, and the MTO reaction inhibits the alkylation reaction, and thus the conversion of benzene is low.
  • the fluidized bed reactor provided by the present application coordinates and optimizes the competition of the alkylation reaction and the MTO reaction through mass transfer control, thereby improving the conversion of benzene and the yield of p-xylene.
  • stream C comprising para-xylene and a lower olefin.
  • the stream C enters the settling zone and the gas-solids separator, and the stream C is separated to obtain low-carbon olefins, p-xylene, chain hydrocarbon by-products, aromatic by-products and unconverted benzene, unconverted methanol and/or Methyl ether
  • methanol and/or dimethyl ether means that the methanol in the feed may be replaced in whole or in part by dimethyl ether, including three cases: only methanol; or only dimethyl ether; or methanol and two. Methyl ether has it.
  • methanol and/or dimethyl ether and benzene includes three cases: methanol and benzene; or dimethyl ether and benzene; or methanol, dimethyl ether and benzene.
  • the sum of the mass percentages of methanol and dimethyl ether in the stream A is from 0% to 30%. That is, the stream A entering the first distributor does not contain methanol, or the mass percentage of methanol in the stream A entering from the first distributor does not exceed 30%.
  • the sum of the mass percentages of methanol and dimethyl ether in the stream A is from 2% to 20%.
  • the regenerator has a gas phase linear velocity of 0.2 m/s to 2 m/s and a regeneration temperature of 500 to 800 °C.
  • the present invention coordinates and optimizes the competition between the alkylation reaction and the MTO reaction by controlling the concentration of methanol and/or dimethyl ether relative to benzene to increase the yield of p-xylene and Low-carbon olefin selectivity to ensure that neither the MTO reaction rapidly consumes most of the methanol and/or dimethyl ether to inhibit the alkylation reaction, nor does it occur due to the high levels of methanol and/or dimethyl ether.
  • MTO reaction occurs in a large amount, and the amount of benzene adsorbed in the catalyst per unit time is low, which is disadvantageous for the alkylation reaction.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a fluidized bed reactor in an embodiment of the present application.
  • 1-first gas distributor 2-second gas distributor, 3-reaction zone, 4-settling zone, 5-gas-solids separator, 6-stripping zone, 7-regenerated catalyst delivery pipe.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 a fluidized bed reactor in which benzene and methanol produce p-xylene co-produced lower olefins is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and includes a first gas distributor 1 and a second gas distributor 2 , reaction zone 3, settling zone 4, gas-solids separator 5, stripping zone 6 and regenerated catalyst delivery pipe 7.
  • the first gas distributor 1 may be a dendritic gas distributor.
  • the second gas distributor 2 is a microporous gas distributor.
  • the side and end faces of the microporous core tube 2-3 have a uniform microporous structure, the pore diameter of the micropores is 0.5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, the porosity is 25-50%, and the gas velocity in the tube is 0.1 m/s to 10 m/ s.
  • the gas velocity in the tube is from 1 m/s to 10 m/s.
  • the concentration of methanol and/or dimethyl ether decreases rapidly and approaches zero along the axial direction of the reactor, from upstream to downstream, while the concentration of benzene Slowly decreasing, in the upstream region of the reactor, the alkylation rate is limited by the mass transfer rate of benzene in the catalyst pores, and in the downstream region of the reactor, with the rapid consumption of methanol and the diffusion of methanol With rapid reduction, the alkylation rate is limited by the mass transfer rate of methanol in the catalyst channels. Maintaining a relatively stable methanol concentration in the reactor is one of the effective ways to promote alkylation.
  • the first gas distributor 1 belongs to a two-dimensional gas distributor, that is, the material gas is relatively uniformly distributed in the plane of the first gas distributor 1.
  • a portion of the methanol and/or dimethyl ether is introduced by the first gas distributor 1 and another portion of the methanol and/or dimethyl ether is introduced by the second gas distributor 2, which is densely packed in the microporous core.
  • the micropores on the tube 2-3 are distributed to the reaction zone 3 around the micropore core tube 2-3. Therefore, in the region where the second gas distributor 2 is located, the methanol concentration is substantially stabilized, and only in the downstream region of the reaction zone 3, the methanol concentration rapidly decreases.
  • the concentration of methanol in the region where the second gas distributor 2 is located can greatly increase the alkylation reaction rate of benzene and/or toluene.
  • a method for producing a para-xylene co-production of a lower olefin comprises the following steps:
  • the fluidized bed reactor comprising a first gas distributor 1, a second gas distributor 2, a reaction zone 3, a settling zone 4, a gas-solid separator 5, a stripping zone 6 and a regenerated catalyst delivery pipe 7, a first gas distributor 1 placed at the bottom of the reaction zone 3, a second gas distributor 2 placed in the reaction zone 3, and a settling zone 4 in reaction Above the zone 3, a gas-solid separator 5 is disposed in the settling zone 4, a product outlet is provided at the top, a stripping zone 6 is below the reaction zone 3, and an upper portion of the reaction zone 3 is connected to the regenerated catalyst delivery pipe 7.
  • Stream A Benzene, aromatic by-products and methanol mixtures.
  • Stream A is passed from the first gas distributor 1 to the reaction zone 3 of the fluidized bed reactor, and the mass of methanol in the mixture of stream A is 4%.
  • the stream B enters the reaction zone 3 of the fluidized bed reactor from the second gas distributor 2, and the mass ratio of the methanol entering from the second gas distributor 2 to the methanol entering the first gas distributor 1 is 9:1;
  • the gas phase linear velocity of the bed reactor is from 0.8 m/s to 1.0 m/s, and the temperature is 450 ° C.
  • the reactants in the reaction zone 3 are contacted with the catalyst to form a gas phase stream comprising para-xylene and a lower olefin.
  • the gas phase stream enters the settling zone 4, the gas-solid separator 5, via the product outlet Enter the subsequent separation section.
  • the first gas distributor 1 is a dendritic gas distributor and the second gas distributor 2 is a microporous gas distributor.
  • Stream A a mixture of benzene, aromatic by-products and dimethyl ether.
  • Stream A is passed from the first gas distributor 1 to the reaction zone 3 of the fluidized bed reactor, and the mixture of stream A has a mass content of 10% of dimethyl ether.
  • Stream B enters reaction zone 3 of the fluidized bed reactor from second gas distributor 2, and the mass ratio of methanol entering from second gas distributor 2 to methanol entering from first gas distributor 1 is 19:1.
  • the gas phase linear velocity of the fluidized bed reactor is from 1.3 m/s to 1.5 m/s, and the temperature At 500 ° C, the reactants in the reaction zone 3 are contacted with the catalyst to form a gas phase stream comprising para-xylene and a low-carbon olefin; the gas phase stream enters the settling zone 4, the gas-solid separator 5, and enters a subsequent separation section via the product outlet;
  • the catalyst forms a catalyst to be produced after carbon deposition in the reaction zone, and the catalyst to be produced is subjected to stripping and regenerated into a fluidized bed regenerator.
  • the gas phase linear velocity of the fluidized bed regenerator is 1.5 m/s, and the temperature is 600 ° C.
  • the catalyst enters the fluidized bed reactor via the regenerated catalyst delivery line 7.
  • the temperature is 550 ° C
  • the reactants in the reaction zone 3 and the catalyst contact, to form a gas phase stream C containing para-xylene and low-carbon olefin
  • the gas phase stream enters the settling zone 4, the gas-solid separator 5, via
  • the product outlet enters a subsequent separation section
  • the catalyst forms a catalyst to be produced after carbon deposition in the reaction zone, and the catalyst to be produced is stripped and regenerated into a fluidized bed regenerator, and the gas phase linear velocity of the fluidized bed regenerator is 1.0 m/s.
  • the regenerated catalyst enters the fluidized bed reactor via the regenerated catalyst delivery pipe 7.
  • the fluidized bed reactor comprising a first gas distributor 1, a second gas distributor 2, a reaction zone 3, a settling zone 4, a gas-solid separator 5, a stripping zone 6 and a regenerated catalyst delivery pipe 7, a first gas distributor 1 placed at the bottom of the reaction zone 3, a second gas distributor 2 placed in the reaction zone 3, and a settling zone 4 in reaction Above the zone 3, a gas-solid separator 5 is disposed in the settling zone 4, a product outlet is provided at the top, a stripping zone 6 is below the reaction zone 3, and a bottom of the reaction zone 3 is connected to the regenerated catalyst delivery pipe 7.

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请公开了一种苯与甲醇和/或二甲醚生产对二甲苯联产低碳烯烃的流化床反应器,包括第一分布器和第二分布器,第一分布器位于流化床的底部,第二分布器位于第一分布器的气体流向下游。本申请公开了一种生产对二甲苯联产低碳烯烃的方法,主要包含以下步骤:(1)物流A由第一气体分布器进入流化床反应器的反应区;(2)物流B由第二气体分布器进入流化床反应器的反应区;(3)反应区内反应物和催化剂接触,生成包含对二甲苯和低碳烯烃的气相物流。本发明通过控制传质,协调、优化了苯烷基化反应和MTO反应间的竞争,使之协同作用,大幅度提高了苯转化率和对二甲苯收率。

Description

苯与甲醇和/或二甲醚生产对二甲苯联产低碳烯烃的流化床反应器及生产方法 技术领域
本申请涉及一种生产对二甲苯(PX)联产低碳烯烃的流化床中的分布器、反应器及生产方法,尤其适用于苯和甲醇烷基化制对二甲苯联产低碳烯烃的流化床反应器及生产方法,属于化学化工领域。
背景技术
对二甲苯(PX)是石化工业的基本有机原料之一,在化纤、合成树脂、农药、医药、高分子材料等众多领域有着广泛的用途。目前对二甲苯生产主要采用甲苯、C9芳烃及混合二甲苯为原料,通过歧化、异构化,吸附分离或深冷分离而制取。由于其产物中的对二甲苯含量由热力学平衡控制,对二甲苯在C8混合芳烃中只占~24%,工艺过程中物料循环处理量大,设备庞大、操作费用高。特别是二甲苯中三个异构体的沸点相差很小,通过常规的蒸馏技术很难得到高纯度的对二甲苯,而必须采用昂贵的吸附分离工艺。近年来,国内外许多专利公开了生产对二甲苯的新路线,其中苯和甲醇烷基化技术是高选择性生产对二甲苯的新途径,已经受到了业界的高度重视和极大关注。
低碳烯烃,即乙烯、丙烯和丁烯,是两种基本的石油化工原料,其需求量日益增加。乙烯和丙烯主要以石脑油为原料进行生产,依赖于石油路线。近年来,非石油路线制取乙烯、丙烯越来越受到重视,特别是甲醇转化制取低碳烯烃(MTO)工艺路线,此路线是实现石油替代战略,减轻和缓解我国对石油的需求和依赖的重要途径。
甲苯和甲醇烷基化制备对二甲苯以及苯甲醇烷基化制甲苯和二甲苯均是增产芳烃的新途径。其中甲苯和甲醇择形烷基化可以制备高选择性对二甲苯产品,但该过程所需的甲苯亦是芳烃联合装置生产对二甲苯的中间原料,市场供应短缺。而苯是芳烃联合装置的副产品,据估算年产80万吨PX芳烃联合装置可副产苯约30万吨,因此以苯为原料与甲醇烷基化生产甲苯和二甲苯将是增产芳烃的一种有效途径。
传统的甲苯烷基化方法包含在反应器的上游将甲苯和甲醇混合,然后将混合物一起供入反应器。反应器种类包含固定床和流化床。为了提高甲苯的传化率,反应物分阶段注入已经在各种固定床和流化床工艺中得到采用。
目前苯和甲醇烷基化相关专利技术大多是以增产甲苯和混合二甲苯为目的,但对二甲苯收率较低。
MTO反应和烷基化反应之间的竞争是影响苯和/或甲苯转化率、对二甲苯收率和低碳烯烃选择性的主要因素。制备对二甲苯和低碳烯烃的反应过程是酸催化反应。基于ZSM-5分子筛催化剂的苯和/或苯和甲醇烷基化制对二甲苯反应过程中必然存在甲醇制烯烃反应。在这个反应过程中主要发生如下几个反应:
C6H6+CH3OH→C6H5-CH3+H2O                       (1)
C6H5-CH3+CH3OH→C6H4-(CH3)2+H2O                (2)
n CH3OH→(CH2)n+n H2O    n=2,3               (3)
从以上分析可知,本技术领域需要从催化剂设计和反应器设计两个方面来协调、优化烷基化反应和MTO反应之间的竞争,使之协同作用,提高苯转化率、对二甲苯收率和低碳烯烃收率。
发明内容
根据本申请的一个方面,提供了一种苯与甲醇和/或二甲醚生产对二甲苯联产低碳烯烃的流化床反应器,在原料反应速率差距较大的共进料体系中,通过不同原料物流在不同区域分布进料,实现传质控制,进而协调、优化共进料体系,提高反应收率。苯和甲醇(包括二甲醚)烷基化制备对二甲苯反应中烷基化反应和MTO反应的反应速率差异大,MTO反应快速消耗烷基化反应物,抑制烷基化反应,因而,苯转化率和对二甲苯收率较低。本申请提供的流化床反应器,通过控制甲醇和苯的传质过程,协调、优化烷基化反应和MTO反应之间的竞争,使之协同作用,从而提高苯转化率和对二甲苯收率。
本申请的苯与甲醇和/或二甲醚生产对二甲苯联产低碳烯烃的流化床反应器,包括第一分布器和第二分布器,所述第一分布器位于流化床底部, 所述第二分布器位于第一分布器的气体流向下游的至少一个区域。
甲醇既是苯和/或甲苯和甲醇烷基化反应的原料,也是MTO反应的原料,但MTO反应速率远高于苯和/或甲苯和甲醇烷基化反应速率。我们的实验研究表明,苯和甲醇共同进料,原料中甲醇含量较低时,MTO反应快速消耗了大部分的甲醇(烷基化反应物),抑制了苯和/或甲苯和甲醇烷基化反应,对二甲苯收率较低。原料中的甲醇含量远远过量时,甲醇与苯和/或甲苯在分子筛孔道内扩散速度的不同使得单位时间内苯和/或甲苯的吸附量偏低,也不利于苯和/或甲苯和甲醇烷基化反应。因此,优化反应区内甲醇和苯和/或甲苯的浓度,是提高苯转化率和对二甲苯收率的一个有效途径。
本申请中,低碳烯烃包括乙烯、丙烯、丁烯。
本申请中,“甲醇和/或二甲醚”,是指进料中的甲醇可以全部或部分的被二甲醚代替,包括三种情况:只有甲醇;或者只有二甲醚;或者甲醇和二甲醚都有。例如“含有甲醇和/或二甲醚、苯”,包括三种情况:含有甲醇和苯;或者含有二甲醚和苯;或者含有甲醇、二甲醚和苯。如无特别说明,本申请中的甲醇均可以全部或部分的被二甲醚代替,涉及甲醇的量,也可以将二甲醚换算为相同碳原子数的甲醇进行计算。
优选地,所述第二分布器包含进气管、微孔芯管和进气环管;
所述进气管和所述微孔芯管气路相连,所述进气管将气体从所述流化床外部引入所述流化床内的所述微孔芯管中;
所述进气环管与所述进气管气路相连,所述进气环管布置在垂直于所述第一分布器的气体流向的平面上;
所述微孔芯管布置于所述进气环管上并垂直于所述进气环管的平面。
优选地,物流A通过所述第一分布器进入流化床,物流B通过所述第二分布器进入流化床并与所述物流A的至少一部分气体接触。
优选地,所述第一分布器为二维气体分布器,所述第一分布器将气体分布于所述流化床底部所述第一分布器所在平面。
优选地,所述第二分布器为三维气体分布器,所述第二分布器将气体分布于所述流化床中所述第二分布器所在的至少一部分反应空间内。
本申请中,“至少一部分反应空间”,是指反应区内的至少一部分空 间。
优选地,所述第一分布器为树枝状气体分布器和/或风帽式气体分布器。
优选地,所述第二分布器为微孔气体分布器。
进一步优选地,所述微孔芯管为陶瓷微孔管和/或粉末冶金微孔管。
进一步优选地,所述微孔芯管的侧面与端面具有孔径为0.5μm~50μm的微孔。
进一步优选地,所述微孔芯管的侧面与端面具有孔隙度为25%~50%的微孔。
进一步优选地,所述微孔芯管的管内气速为0.1m/s~10m/s。
更进一步优选地,所述微孔芯管的管内气速为1m/s~10m/s。
更进一步优选地,所述微孔芯管为多个且相互平行排列;所述进气环管为多个且在同一个平面内呈同心环状或平面螺旋状排列。
优选地,所述流化床反应器包括:反应区、沉降区、气固分离器、汽提区和再生催化剂输送管;
所述第一分布器置于所述反应区的底部,所述第二分布器置于所述第一分布器之上,所述沉降区在所述反应区上方,所述沉降区内设置有所述气固分离器,所述汽提区在所述反应区下方,所述再生催化剂输送管与所述反应区相连。
作为一种实施方式,所述再生催化剂输送管与反应区的上部相连。
作为一种实施方式,所述再生催化剂输送管与反应区的底部相连。
本申请的发明人通过研究发现,采用苯、甲醇共进料的方式,沿着反应器轴向方向,由上游至下游,甲醇浓度快速降低、并趋近于零,而苯浓度缓慢降低,在反应器上游区域,烷基化反应速率受限于苯在催化剂孔道内的传质速率,而在反应器下游区域,随着甲醇的快速消耗、甲醇扩散推动力快速降低,烷基化反应速率则受限于甲醇在催化剂孔道内的传质速率,一般而言,采用混合物同时进料的方式,苯的转化率较低。从以上分析可知,反应器内维持较为稳定的甲醇浓度是促进烷基化反应的有效途径之一。
根据本申请的又一个方面,提供了一种苯与甲醇和/或二甲醚生产对二甲苯联产低碳烯烃的方法。通过不同原料物流在不同区域分布进料,实现传质控制,进而协调、优化共进料体系,提高反应收率。苯和甲醇烷基化制备对二甲苯反应,其中烷基化反应和MTO反应的反应速率差异大,MTO反应抑制烷基化反应,因而,苯转化率较低。本申请提供的流化床反应器,通过传质控制,协调、优化烷基化反应和MTO反应的竞争,从而提高苯的转化率和对二甲苯的收率。
本申请提供的生产对二甲苯联产低碳烯烃的方法,采用上述任意流化床反应器中的至少一种,所述生产对二甲苯联产低碳烯烃的方法至少包含以下步骤:
(1)物流A由第一分布器进入流化床反应器的反应区,所述反应区内含有催化剂;所述物流A含有苯,或者所述物流A含有甲醇和/或二甲醚与苯;
(2)含有甲醇和/或二甲醚的物流B由第二分布器进入流化床反应器的所述反应区;
(3)在所述反应区内,物流A和/或物流B中的甲醇和/或二甲醚、苯和催化剂接触,生成包含对二甲苯和低碳烯烃的物流C。
优选地,所述生产对二甲苯联产低碳烯烃的方法还包含以下步骤:
(4)所述物流C进入沉降区和气固分离器,物流C分离后获得低碳烯烃、对二甲苯、链烃副产物、芳烃副产物和未转化的苯、未转化的甲醇和/或二甲醚;
(5)未转化的甲醇和/或二甲醚经由所述第二分布器返回流化床反应器;芳烃副产物和未转化的苯经由第一分布器返回流化床反应器;
(6)所述催化剂在反应区积碳后形成待生催化剂,待生催化剂经过汽提,进入再生器再生,得到再生催化剂;再生催化剂经由再生催化剂输送管进入流化床反应器。
其中,链烃副产物包含甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷、C5+链烃中的至少一种。芳烃副产物包含甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、C9+芳烃中的至少一种。
本申请中,低碳烯烃包括乙烯、丙烯、丁烯中的至少一种。
本申请中,“甲醇和/或二甲醚”,是指进料中的甲醇可以全部或部分的被二甲醚代替,包括三种情况:只有甲醇;或者只有二甲醚;或者甲醇和二甲醚都有。
本申请中,“甲醇和/或二甲醚与苯”,包括三种情况:甲醇和苯;或者二甲醚和苯;或者甲醇、二甲醚和苯。
如无特别说明,本申请中的甲醇均可以全部或部分的被二甲醚代替,涉及甲醇的量,也可以将二甲醚换算为相同碳原子数的甲醇进行计算。
优选地,由第二分布器进入的物流B中的甲醇与由第一分布器进入的物流A中的甲醇的质量比为1:1~20:1。此处的甲醇的质量比,是将二甲醚(如含有)转化为相同碳原子数的甲醇进行比较的。
优选地,所述物流A中的甲醇与二甲醚的质量百分含量之和为0%~30%。即,由第一分布器进入的物流A中不含甲醇,或者由第一分布器进入的物流A中甲醇的质量百分含量不超过30%。
优选地,所述物流A中的甲醇与二甲醚的质量百分含量之和为2%~20%。
优选地,所述流化床反应器的气相线速度为0.2m/s~2m/s,反应温度为300℃~600℃。
优选地,所述再生器的气相线速度为0.2m/s~2m/s,再生温度为500℃~800℃。
本申请从反应器设计和工艺配置的角度出发,通过控制甲醇和/或二甲醚相对于苯的浓度来协调、优化烷基化反应和MTO反应之间的竞争,提高对二甲苯收率和低碳烯烃选择性,以确保既不会出现MTO反应快速消耗大部分的甲醇和/或二甲醚从而抑制烷基化反应的情况,也不会发生因甲醇和/或二甲醚含量远远过量、MTO反应大量发生、单位时间催化剂内苯的吸附量偏低从而不利于烷基化反应的情况。
本申请能产生的有益效果包括:
(1)本申请所提供的流化床反应器,在原料反应速率差距较大的共进料体系中,通过不同原料物流在不同区域分布进料,实现传质控制,进而协调、优化共进料体系,提高反应收率。
(2)本申请所提供的流化床反应器,应用于苯与甲醇和/或二甲醚生产对二甲苯联产低碳烯烃反应,通过不同原料物流在不同区域分布进料以及选择性的回炼,提高了反应收率。
(3)本申请所提供的苯与甲醇和/或二甲醚生产对二甲苯联产低碳烯烃的方法,同时具有较高的苯转化率和对二甲苯选择性,苯转化率大于40%,产物中对二甲苯在二甲苯异构体中的选择性大于90%,基于芳烃的对二甲苯质量单程收率大于25%,甲醇转化率大于90%,(乙烯+丙烯+丁烯)在C1-C6链烃组分中选择性大于70%,取得了较好的技术效果。
附图说明
图1是本申请一种实施方式中流化床反应器的结构示意图。
图2是本申请一种实施方式中流化床反应器的结构示意图。
图3是本申请一种实施方式中反应区微孔气体分布器侧视图。
图4是本申请一种实施方式中反应区微孔气体分布器俯视图。
附图中的标记如下:
1-第一气体分布器,2-第二气体分布器,3-反应区,4-沉降区,5-气固分离器,6-汽提区,7-再生催化剂输送管。
2-1-进气管,2-2-进气环管,2-3-微孔芯管。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例详述本申请,但本申请并不局限于这些实施例。
如无特别说明,本申请的实施例中的原料和催化剂均通过商业途径购买。
根据本申请的一种实施方式,苯和甲醇生产对二甲苯联产低碳烯烃的流化床反应器如图1和图2所示,包含第一气体分布器1、第二气体分布器2、反应区3、沉降区4、气固分离器5、汽提区6及再生催化剂输送管7。
第一气体分布器1置于反应区3的底部,第二气体分布器2置于第一 气体分布器1之上,沉降区4在反应区3上方,沉降区4内设置气固分离器5,顶部设有产品出口,汽提区6在反应区3下方,再生催化剂输送管7与反应区3的上部或底部相连。再生催化剂由再生催化剂输送管7进入反应区,待生催化剂经过汽提区6进入再生器再生。
作为本申请的一种实施方式,第一气体分布器1可以是树枝状气体分布器。
作为本申请的一种实施方式,第一气体分布器1可以是风帽式气体分布器中的一种。
作为本申请的一种实施方式,第二气体分布器2是微孔气体分布器。
作为本申请的一种实施方式,微孔气体分布器如图3所示,包含进气管2-1,多个进气环管2-2,进气环管2-2以反应器的轴线为中心,进气环管2-2上均布多个微孔芯管2-3,气体通过进气管2-1和进气环管2-2进入微孔芯管2-3,微孔芯管2-3的一端与进气环管2-2相连,另一端封闭。气体通过微孔芯管2-3上的微孔排出。
所述微孔芯管2-3可采用陶瓷微孔管、粉末冶金微孔管,微孔芯管2-3间距大于50mm。
如图3和图4所示,本申请的一种实施方式中,所述的微孔芯管2-3共12个,均布于进气环管2-2上并垂直于环管平面,呈纵向平行排列。
所述微孔芯管2-3的侧面与端面都具有均匀的微孔结构,微孔的孔径为0.5μm~50μm,孔隙度为25~50%,管内气速为0.1m/s~10m/s。优选地,管内气速为1m/s~10m/s。
作为本申请的一种实施方式,微孔芯管2-3置于反应区3处,可以抑制气泡的生长,减少气体的返混,增加密相和稀相之间物质交换,提高反应速率。
作为本申请一种实施方式,所采用的催化剂是ZSM-5分子筛催化剂。
由于采用苯、甲醇和/或二甲醚共进料的方式,沿着反应器轴向方向,由上游至下游,甲醇和/或二甲醚浓度快速降低、并趋近于零,而苯浓度缓慢降低,在反应器上游区域,烷基化反应速率受限于苯在催化剂孔道内的传质速率,而在反应器下游区域,随着甲醇的快速消耗、甲醇扩散推动力 快速降低,烷基化反应速率则受限于甲醇在催化剂孔道内的传质速率。在反应器内维持较为稳定的甲醇浓度是促进烷基化反应的有效途径之一。
作为本申请的一种实施方式,第一气体分布器1属于二维气体分布器,即,将原料气体较为均匀地分布于第一气体分布器1所在平面。
作为本申请的一种实施方式,第二气体分布器2(微孔气体分布器)属于三维气体分布器,即,将原料气体较为均匀地分布于第二气体分布器2所在的三维空间。
作为本申请的一种实施方式,苯和芳烃副产物由第一气体分布器1进入,随着反应的进行,苯浓度沿着反应器轴线方向,由上游至下游,逐渐降低。
作为本申请的一种实施方式,一部分甲醇和/或二甲醚由第一气体分布器1进入,另一部分甲醇和/或二甲醚由第二气体分布器2进入,通过密布在微孔芯管2-3上的微孔分布到微孔芯管2-3周围的反应区3。因此,在第二气体分布器2所在区域内,甲醇浓度基本稳定,仅在反应区3的下游区域,甲醇浓度迅速降低。第二气体分布器2所在区域内甲醇浓度较高,能够大幅度提高苯和/或甲苯的烷基化反应速率。
作为本申请的一种实施方式,生产对二甲苯联产低碳烯烃的方法包含以下步骤:
(1)甲醇和苯混合物由第一气体分布器进入流化床反应器的反应区;
(2)甲醇由第二气体分布器进入流化床反应器的反应区,由第二气体分布器进入的甲醇与由第一气体分布器进入的甲醇的质量比为1:1~20:1;
(3)反应区内苯、甲醇和催化剂接触,生成包含对二甲苯和低碳烯烃的气相物流;
(4)所述气相物流进入沉降区、气固分离器,经由产品出口进入后续分离工段,分离后,获得乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、对二甲苯、二甲醚、链烃副产物、芳烃副产物以及未转化的甲醇和苯,链烃副产物包含甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷和C5+链烃等,芳烃副产物包含甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯和C9+芳烃等;
(5)二甲醚和未转化的甲醇作为原料经由第二气体分布器返回流化 床反应器回炼,芳烃副产物和未转化的苯作为原料经由第一气体分布器返回流化床反应器回炼;
(6)所述催化剂在反应区积碳后形成待生催化剂,待生催化剂经过汽提,进入流化床再生器再生,再生催化剂经由再生催化剂输送管进入流化床反应器。
上述方法中,流化床反应器的气相线速度为0.2m/s~2m/s,温度为300℃~600℃,流化床再生器的气相线速度为0.2m/s~2m/s,温度为500℃~800℃。
实施例1
在如图1所示的流化床反应器中生产对二甲苯和低碳烯烃,流化床反应器包含第一气体分布器1、第二气体分布器2、反应区3、沉降区4、气固分离器5、汽提区6及再生催化剂输送管7,第一气体分布器1置于反应区3的底部,第二气体分布器2置于反应区3之中,沉降区4在反应区3上方,沉降区4内设置气固分离器5,顶部设有产品出口,汽提区6在反应区3下方,反应区3上部与再生催化剂输送管7相连。
第一气体分布器1是树枝状气体分布器,第二气体分布器2是微孔气体分布器。
微孔气体分布器如图3所示,包含进气管2-1、进气环管2-2和微孔芯管2-3。如图4所示,进气管2-1连接2个进气环管2-2,进气环管2-2上均布有12个微孔芯管2-3,微孔芯管2-3是粉末冶金微孔管,微孔芯管间距为150mm,微孔的孔径为1μm,孔隙度为35%,管内气速为5m/s。
流化床反应器中的催化剂为ZSM-5分子筛催化剂。
物流A:苯、芳烃副产物和甲醇混合物。物流A由第一气体分布器1进入流化床反应器的反应区3,物流A的混合物中甲醇的质量含量为4%。
物流B:甲醇。物流B由第二气体分布器2进入流化床反应器的反应区3,由第二气体分布器2进入的甲醇与由第一气体分布器1进入的甲醇的质量比为9:1;流化床反应器的气相线速度为0.8m/s~1.0m/s,温度为450℃,反应区3内反应物和催化剂接触,生成包含对二甲苯和低碳烯烃的气相物流。所述气相物流进入沉降区4、气固分离器5,经由产品出口 进入后续分离工段。所述催化剂在反应区积碳后形成待生催化剂,待生催化剂经过汽提,进入流化床再生器再生,流化床再生器的气相线速度为1.0m/s,温度为650℃,再生催化剂经由再生催化剂输送管7进入流化床反应器。
采用气相色谱分析产物组成,结果为:苯转化率为41%,甲醇转化率为99%,基于芳烃的对二甲苯质量单程收率为26%,产物中对二甲苯在二甲苯异构体中的选择性为99%,低碳烯烃(乙烯+丙烯+丁烯)在C1~C6链烃组分中选择性为78%。
实施例2
在如图1所示的流化床反应器中生产对二甲苯和低碳烯烃,流化床反应器包含第一气体分布器1、第二气体分布器2、反应区3、沉降区4、气固分离器5、汽提区6及再生催化剂输送管7,第一气体分布器1置于反应区3的底部,第二气体分布器2置于反应区3之中,沉降区4在反应区3上方,沉降区4内设置气固分离器5,顶部设有产品出口,汽提区6在反应区3下方,反应区3上部与再生催化剂输送管7相连。
第一气体分布器1是树枝状气体分布器,第二气体分布器2是微孔气体分布器。
微孔气体分布器如图3所示,包含进气管2-1、进气环管2-2和微孔芯管2-3。如图4所示,进气管2-1连接2个进气环管2-2,进气环管2-2上均布有12个微孔芯管2-3,微孔芯管2-3是陶瓷微孔管,微孔芯管2-3间距为150mm~200mm,微孔的孔径为20μm~40μm,孔隙度为45%,管内气速为4m/s。
流化床反应器中的催化剂为ZSM-5分子筛催化剂。
物流A:苯、芳烃副产物和二甲醚混合物。物流A由第一气体分布器1进入流化床反应器的反应区3,物流A的混合物中二甲醚的质量含量为10%。
物流B:甲醇。物流B由第二气体分布器2进入流化床反应器的反应区3,由第二气体分布器2进入的甲醇与由第一气体分布器1进入的甲醇的质量比为19:1。流化床反应器的气相线速度为1.3m/s~1.5m/s,温度 为500℃,反应区3内反应物和催化剂接触,生成包含对二甲苯和低碳烯烃的气相物流;所述气相物流进入沉降区4、气固分离器5,经由产品出口进入后续分离工段;所述催化剂在反应区积碳后形成待生催化剂,待生催化剂经过汽提,进入流化床再生器再生,流化床再生器的气相线速度为1.5m/s,温度为600℃,再生催化剂经由再生催化剂输送管7进入流化床反应器。
采用气相色谱分析产物组成,结果为:苯转化率为45%,甲醇转化率为91%,基于芳烃的对二甲苯质量单程收率为37%,产物中对二甲苯在二甲苯异构体中的选择性为92%,低碳烯烃(乙烯+丙烯+丁烯)在C1~C6链烃组分中选择性为71%。
实施例3
在如图1所示的流化床反应器中生产对二甲苯和低碳烯烃,流化床反应器包含第一气体分布器1、第二气体分布器2、反应区3、沉降区4、气固分离器5、汽提区6及再生催化剂输送管7,第一气体分布器1置于反应区3的底部,第二气体分布器2置于反应区3之中,沉降区4在反应区3上方,沉降区4内设置气固分离器5,顶部设有产品出口,汽提区6在反应区3下方,反应区3上部与再生催化剂输送管7相连。
第一气体分布器1是风帽式气体分布器,第二气体分布器2是微孔气体分布器。
微孔气体分布器如图3所示,包含进气管2-1、进气环管2-2和微孔芯管2-3。如图4所示,进气管2-1连接2个进气环管2-2,进气环管2-2上均布有12个微孔芯管2-3,微孔芯管2-3是陶瓷微孔管,微孔芯管2-3间距为100mm~150mm,微孔的孔径为5μm~20μm,孔隙度为45%,管内气速为8m/s。
流化床反应器中的催化剂为ZSM-5分子筛催化剂。
物流A:苯、芳烃副产物、甲醇和二甲醚混合物。物流A由第一气体分布器1进入流化床反应器的反应区3,物流A的混合物中甲醇(二甲醚转化为碳原子数相同的甲醇计)的质量含量为8%。
物流B:甲醇和二甲醚。物流B由第二气体分布器2进入流化床反应 器的反应区3,由第二气体分布器2进入的甲醇与由第一气体分布器1进入的甲醇的质量比为9:1;流化床反应器的气相线速度为0.2m/s~0.3m/s,温度为550℃,反应区3内反应物和催化剂接触,生成包含对二甲苯和低碳烯烃的气相物流C;所述气相物流进入沉降区4、气固分离器5,经由产品出口进入后续分离工段;所述催化剂在反应区积碳后形成待生催化剂,待生催化剂经过汽提,进入流化床再生器再生,流化床再生器的气相线速度为1.0m/s,温度为700℃,再生催化剂经由再生催化剂输送管7进入流化床反应器。
采用气相色谱分析产物组成,结果为:苯转化率为42%,甲醇转化率为94%,基于芳烃的对二甲苯质量单程收率为29%,产物中对二甲苯在二甲苯异构体中的选择性为95%,低碳烯烃(乙烯+丙烯+丁烯)在C1~C6链烃组分中选择性为74%。
实施例4
在如图2所示的流化床反应器中生产对二甲苯和低碳烯烃,流化床反应器包含第一气体分布器1、第二气体分布器2、反应区3、沉降区4、气固分离器5、汽提区6及再生催化剂输送管7,第一气体分布器1置于反应区3的底部,第二气体分布器2置于反应区3之中,沉降区4在反应区3上方,沉降区4内设置气固分离器5,顶部设有产品出口,汽提区6在反应区3下方,反应区3底部与再生催化剂输送管7相连。
第一气体分布器1是树枝状气体分布器,第二气体分布器2是微孔气体分布器。
微孔气体分布器如图3所示,包含进气管2-1、进气环管2-2和微孔芯管2-3。如图4所示,进气管2-1连接2个进气环管2-2,进气环管2-2上均布有12个微孔芯管2-3,微孔芯管是陶瓷微孔管,微孔芯管间距为150mm~200mm,微孔的孔径为5μm~20μm,孔隙度为40%,管内气速为6m/s。
流化床反应器中的催化剂为ZSM-5分子筛催化剂。
物流A:苯、芳烃副产物、甲醇混合物。物流A由第一气体分布器1进入流化床反应器的反应区3,物流A的混合物中甲醇的质量含量为20%。
物流B:甲醇。物流B由第二气体分布器2进入流化床反应器的反应区3,由第二气体分布器2进入的甲醇与由第一气体分布器1进入的甲醇的质量比为5:1;流化床反应器的气相线速度为1.5m/s~1.7m/s,温度为530℃,反应区3内反应物和催化剂接触,生成包含对二甲苯和低碳烯烃的气相物流;所述气相物流进入沉降区4、气固分离器5,经由产品出口进入后续分离工段;所述催化剂在反应区积碳后形成待生催化剂,待生催化剂经过汽提,进入流化床再生器再生,流化床再生器的气相线速度为2.0m/s,温度为700℃,再生催化剂经由再生催化剂输送管7进入流化床反应器。
采用气相色谱分析产物组成,结果为:苯转化率为43%,甲醇转化率为92%,基于芳烃的对二甲苯质量单程收率为32%,产物中对二甲苯在二甲苯异构体中的选择性为93%,低碳烯烃(乙烯+丙烯+丁烯)在C1~C6链烃组分中选择性为73%。
以上所述,仅是本申请的几个实施例,并非对本申请做任何形式的限制,虽然本申请以较佳实施例揭示如上,然而并非用以限制本申请,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本申请技术方案的范围内,利用上述揭示的技术内容做出些许的变动或修饰均等同于等效实施案例,均属于技术方案范围内。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种苯与甲醇和/或二甲醚生产对二甲苯联产低碳烯烃的流化床反应器,其特征在于,所述流化床反应器包括第一分布器和第二分布器,所述第一分布器位于流化床的底部,所述第二分布器位于第一分布器的气体流向下游的至少一个区域。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的流化床反应器,其特征在于,所述第二分布器包含进气管、微孔芯管和进气环管;
    所述进气管和所述微孔芯管气路相连,所述进气管将气体从所述流化床外部引入所述流化床内的所述微孔芯管中;
    所述进气环管与所述进气管气路相连,所述进气环管布置在垂直于所述第一分布器的气体流向的平面上;
    所述微孔芯管布置于所述进气环管上并垂直于所述进气环管的平面。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的流化床反应器,其特征在于,物流A通过所述第一分布器进入流化床,物流B通过所述第二分布器进入流化床并与所述物流A的至少一部分气体接触。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的流化床反应器,其特征在于,所述第一分布器为二维气体分布器,所述第一分布器将气体分布于所述流化床底部所述第一分布器所在平面。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的流化床反应器,其特征在于,所述第二分布器为三维气体分布器,所述第二分布器将气体分布于所述流化床中所述第二分布器所在的至少一部分反应空间内。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的流化床反应器,其特征在于,所述第一分布器为树枝状气体分布器和/或风帽式气体分布器。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的流化床反应器,其特征在于,所述微孔芯管为陶瓷微孔管和/或粉末冶金微孔管。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的流化床反应器,其特征在于,所述微孔芯 管的侧面与端面具有孔径为0.5μm~50μm、孔隙度为25%~50%的微孔,所述微孔芯管的管内气速为0.1m/s~10m/s。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的流化床反应器,其特征在于,所述微孔芯管的管内气速为1m/s~10m/s。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的流化床反应器,其特征在于,所述微孔芯管为多个且相互平行排列;所述进气环管为多个且在同一个平面内呈同心环状或平面螺旋状排列。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的流化床反应器,其特征在于,所述流化床反应器包括:反应区、沉降区、气固分离器、汽提区和再生催化剂输送管;
    所述第一分布器置于所述反应区的底部,所述第二分布器置于所述第一分布器之上,所述沉降区在所述反应区上方,所述沉降区内设置有所述气固分离器,所述汽提区在所述反应区下方,所述再生催化剂输送管与所述反应区相连。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的流化床反应器,其特征在于,所述再生催化剂输送管与反应区的上部相连。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的流化床反应器,其特征在于,所述再生催化剂输送管与反应区的底部相连。
  14. 一种苯与甲醇和/或二甲醚生产对二甲苯联产低碳烯烃的方法,其特征在于,采用权利要求1至13任一项所述的流化床反应器中的至少一种;所述方法至少包含以下步骤:
    (1)物流A由第一分布器进入流化床反应器的反应区,所述反应区内含有催化剂;所述物流A含有苯,或者所述物流A含有甲醇和/或二甲醚与苯;
    (2)含有甲醇和/或二甲醚的物流B由第二分布器进入流化床反应器的所述反应区;
    (3)在所述反应区内,物流A和/或物流B中的甲醇和/或二甲醚、苯和催化剂接触,生成包含对二甲苯和低碳烯烃的物流C。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述甲醇和/或二甲醚与苯生产对二甲苯联产低碳烯烃的方法还包含以下步骤:
    (4)所述物流C进入沉降区和气固分离器,物流C分离后获得低碳烯烃、对二甲苯、链烃副产物、芳烃副产物和未转化的苯、未转化的甲醇和/或二甲醚;
    (5)未转化的甲醇和/或二甲醚经由所述第二分布器返回流化床反应器,芳烃副产物和未转化的苯经由第一分布器返回流化床反应器;
    (6)所述催化剂在反应区积碳后形成待生催化剂,待生催化剂经过汽提,进入再生器再生,得到再生催化剂;再生催化剂经由再生催化剂输送管进入流化床反应器。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,物流B中的甲醇和/或二甲醚与物流A中的甲醇和/或二甲醚的质量比为1:1~20:1。
  17. 根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述物流A中的甲醇和二甲醚的质量百分含量之和为0%~30%。
  18. 根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,由第一分布器进入的物流A中的甲醇和二甲醚的质量百分含量之和为2%~20%。
  19. 根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述流化床反应器的气相线速度为0.2m/s~2m/s,反应温度为300℃~600℃。
  20. 根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,所述再生器的气相线速度为0.2m/s~2m/s,再生温度为500℃~800℃。
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