WO2018172986A1

WO2018172986A1 - Particle-collecting mechanism

Info

Publication number: WO2018172986A1
Application number: PCT/IB2018/051977
Authority: WO
Inventors: Carlos Alberto ECHEVERRI LONDOÑO; Jorge Enrique RIVEROS NARANJO
Original assignee: Universidad De Medellin; Ingeniería E Innovación Twister S.A.S
Priority date: 2017-03-23
Filing date: 2018-03-23
Publication date: 2018-09-27
Also published as: CO2017002789A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a particle-collecting mechanism comprising a first hood connected to a cover of a polisher, the cover covering a polishing element of the polisher. Additionally, the particle-collecting mechanism has a mechanism for collecting solids which is connected to the first hood, and a fan with a suction element connected to the mechanism for collecting solids. The first hood, the mechanism for collecting solids and the fan are connected to the frame of the polisher. The particle-collecting mechanism allows the collection of solid pollutants that the polishing element detaches from surfaces that it is desired to polish, for example, floors and slabs. In this way, solid pollutants are prevented from entering the airways of people in the environment around the polisher.

Description

PARTICLE COLLECTOR MECHANISM

Field of the Invention The present invention relates to mechanisms that collect solid particles, particularly, with mechanisms and devices for collecting dry particles, product of surface polishing processes.

Description of the state of the art

In the processes of dry polishing of surfaces, residual particulate material is generated, which can be coarse or fine. In the case of coarse particles, they can remain on the surface to be polished, and generate defects such as scratches and crevices, both on the surface and in the tool. On the other hand, fine particles are suspended in the air, affecting the airways, eyes and skin of the operators, which can have serious consequences for health.

The state of the art discloses in document CN202106260 U, a surface polisher that includes a polishing apparatus that includes a disc, a cover that covers the disc, an engine operatively coupled to the disc, and a frame with wheels that supports the others elements. In addition, the document discloses a vertical pipe connected to the upper face of the cover, which directs particles of solid pollutants towards a multicyclone consisting of two cyclones connected in parallel. The multi-cyclone has an elbow-shaped inlet connected to the casing pipe, and has an upper and a lower outlet. Additionally, the document discloses a dust collection box connected to the bottom outlet of the multicyclone, and two filter elements connected to the cyclone. In turn, the filtering elements are connected to a vacuum generating unit, which has an outlet to the surrounding environment. However, the multicyclone disclosed in document CN202106260 U, having two cyclones connected in parallel, divides the flow of contaminated air with particulate material into two streams, where each stream enters a cyclone. This cyclone arrangement is useful for handling high air flows with solid contaminants of large particle size, for example, of a diameter greater than 20um. However, for sizes particle size of 15 μιη or less, the separation efficiency is low, which would generate a rapid saturation of the filters.

In addition, the document indicates that the entrance to the cyclone is a 90 ° elbow fitting, which decreases the kinetic energy with which particles of solid contaminants enter the cyclone. The particles that ascend with the air, inside the vertical pipe, collide against the walls of the elbow, which causes the particles to dramatically decrease their speed, and try to return through the vertical pipe to the roof. On the other hand, by decreasing the speed of the particles at the entrance to the cyclone, it implies a decrease in the centrifugal force with which, said particles collide with the walls of said cyclone, therefore, generates a fall in the separation efficiency of the same.

On the other hand, the document indicates that the vertical pipe that connects the cover with the cyclones, is connected on top of said cover, which implies that the kinetic energy that the disk prints to the particles torn from the polishing surface is wasted The polisher, then, the disk throws said particles in the tangential direction of the disk. In this way, it is necessary to have a pickup speed in the pipe that allows to overcome the inertia of the particles that travel in the tangential direction of the disk, and to drag said particles towards the cyclone.

On the other hand, in the document, the filtration elements are connected directly to the vacuum generating unit, which would limit the types of usable vacuum generating units. For example, in the case of wanting to use centrifugal fans, to have adequate efficiency, the inlet flow must be fully developed, so as not to affect the efficiency of the fan. Therefore, having filtration elements in the fan suction affects its efficiency, which implies greater energy consumption. Based on the foregoing, a solid collection mechanism coupled to a dry polisher that allows to capture coarse particles and fine particles detached from a polishing surface is not found in the state of the art, and is energy efficient. Brief Description of the Invention

The present invention corresponds to a particle collecting mechanism comprising a first bell connected to a cover of a polisher, where the cover covers a polishing element of the polisher. Also, the particle collection mechanism has a solid collection mechanism connected to the first bell; and a fan that has a suction connected to the solids capture mechanism. The first bell, the solids capture mechanism, and the fan are assembled to the polisher chassis. The particle collecting mechanism allows to capture solid pollutants that the polishing element releases from surfaces that are to be polished, for example, floors and slabs. This prevents solid contaminants from reaching the airways of people located in the surrounding environment of the polisher.

Brief description of the figures

FIG. 1 corresponds to an isometric view of an embodiment of the particle collecting mechanism connected to a polisher.

FIG. 2 corresponds to a bottom view of a polisher with a cover connected to a hood of a mode of the particle collecting mechanism connected to a polisher.

FIG. 3 corresponds to an exploded view of a mode of the particle collecting mechanism connected to a polisher.

FIG. 4 corresponds to an exploded view of one embodiment of a mechanism for collecting solids from the particle collecting mechanism.

FIG. 5 corresponds to a modality of a cyclone of the particle collecting mechanism.

FIG. 6 corresponds to a side view of an embodiment of the particle collecting mechanism connected to a polisher. Detailed description

The present invention corresponds to a particle collecting mechanism (hereinafter mechanism), which is installed on the chassis of a dry-operated polisher (1).

Referring to FIG. 1, the polisher (1) is a large format polisher for polishing surfaces such as floors and slabs of concrete, wood and ceramics. The polisher (1) has a polishing element (2) that connects to a first motor (3). The polishing element (2) and the first motor (3) are mounted on a chassis (4).

It will be understood in the present invention that large format polisher is a robust polisher, weighing more than 50kg, which is usually used to polish large surfaces, particularly floors and slabs. Referring to FIG. 1, in one embodiment of the invention, the chassis (4) can be metallic, made in pipe, or in structural profiles. The chassis (4) has wheels (5) located behind the polishing element (2), the wheels (5) facilitate the mobilization of the polisher (1). In one embodiment of the invention, the chassis (4) is made of a metallic material, which can be stainless steel (e.g. AISI 304, 304L, 316, 316L); carbon steel (e.g. AISI 1020, 1015, 1040, 1070, 1080, 1045; ASTM A36, A516); steels alloyed to nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium or combinations thereof; aluminum; bronze; or combinations thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, the chassis (4) is made of a plastic material, which can be polyvinyl chloride (PVC); polyethylene terephthalate (PET); polyamides (PA) (eg PA66; PA6; PA12); ethylene polytetrafluoride (PTFE); polyether ketone (PEEK); Polyamidaimide (PAI); Polybenzimidazole (PBI); vinylidene polyfluoride (PVDF); polysulfones (PSU, and PSSU); plastics (eg acrylic, polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy resins) reinforced with fibers (eg glass, aramid, carbon, polyester); or combinations of the above. In one embodiment of the invention, the chassis (4) is made of glass fiber reinforced polyester resin, carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin, or aramid, or a combination thereof. This mode allows to have a chassis (4) of low weight, which, in turn, allows a better maneuverability of the polisher (1).

On the other hand, the chassis (4) includes a grip support (6) that extends from the wheels (5) upwards, to an ergonomically adequate height. Ergonomically suitable height will be understood in the present invention, a height at which a person can grasp the grip support (6), in order to direct, pull and / or push the polisher (1), maintaining a suitable posture for Caring for your back. For example, the ergonomically adequate height can be between 1, 0m and l, 50m, and is defined based on the average height of a person, which can vary according to the geographical region.

Referring to FIG. 1, in one embodiment of the invention, the grip support

(6) has at its distal end a handle (7), which can be a horizontal bar. The handle

(7) can be taken with both hands to direct and move the polisher (1).

The horizontal bar can be a profile, platen or rod of a plastic, metallic, wood material, or combinations thereof.

In the case that the horizontal bar is made of plastic materials, these can be polyvinyl chloride (PVC); polyethylene terephthalate (PET); polyamides (PA) (e.g. PA66; PA6; PA12); ethylene polytetrafluoride

(PTFE); polyether ketone (PEEK);

Polyamidaimide (PAI); Polybenzimidazole (PBI); vinylidene polyfluoride (PVDF); polysulfones (PSU, and PSSU); plastics (eg acrylic, polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy resins) reinforced with fibers (eg glass, aramid, carbon, polyester); or combinations of the above. On the other hand, in the case that the horizontal bar is made of metallic materials, these can be stainless steel (eg AISI 304, 304L, 316, 316L); carbon steel (eg AISI 1020, 1015, 1040, 1070, 1080, 1045; ASTM A36, A516); steels alloyed to nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium or combinations thereof; aluminum; brass; tin; bronze; or combinations thereof.

On the other hand, in the case that the horizontal bar is made of wood, the wood is selected from being cedar, cypress, oak, pine, Nazarene, teak, or combinations thereof. Additionally, the handle (7) may have a non-slip coating and / or treatment, for example, rubber, thermosetting resins, surface grinding finish, high relief finishes, wood, plastics or combinations thereof.

Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the polishing element (2) can be a disc centered with respect to the axis of the first motor (3), or a disc eccentrically connected with respect to the first motor (3). Also, the polishing element (2) can have more than one disk, where the disks are connected to the first motor (3) by means of a transmission, which can be formed of gears, axles, endless-crown mechanisms, differentials or combinations of the same.

In one embodiment of the invention (not illustrated) the polishing element (2) can include two or more discs connected to the first motor (3) by means of a transmission, which can be formed of gears, shafts, endless-crown mechanisms, differentials or combinations thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, (not illustrated) the polishing element (2) includes two discs connected to the first motor (3) by means of a transmission. The discs rotate in the opposite way between them, to prevent the polisher (1) from trying to move laterally, as would happen with discs that rotate in the same direction.

Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the polishing element (2) is covered with a cover (8) disposed between the upper face of the polishing element and the motor (3). In one embodiment of the invention, the cover (8) is made of a metallic material, which can be stainless steel (eg AISI 304, 304L, 316, 316L); carbon steel (eg AISI 1020, 1015, 1040, 1070, 1080, 1045; ASTM A36, A516); steels alloyed to nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium or combinations thereof; aluminum; brass; tin; bronze; or combinations thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, the cover (8) is made of a plastic material, which can be polyvinyl chloride (PVC); polyethylene terelate (PET); polyamides (PA) (e.g. PA66; PA6; PA12); ethylene polytetrafluoride (PTFE); polyether ketone (PEEK); Polyamidaimide (PAI); Polybenzimidazole (PBI); vinylidene polyfluoride (PVDF); polysulfones (PSU, and PSSU); plastics (e.g. acrylic, polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy resins) reinforced with fibers (e.g. glass, aramid, carbon, polyester); or combinations of the above.

In one embodiment of the invention, the cover (8) is made of glass fiber reinforced polyester resin, carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin, or aramid, or a combination thereof. This mode allows to have a cover (8) of low weight, which, in turn, allows a better maneuverability of the polisher (1).

The cover (8) has an upper surface located between the upper face of the polishing element (2) and the first motor (3), and a lateral surface that projects from the periphery of the upper surface downwards.

However, the cover (8) is not sufficient to prevent the transfer of particulate solid contaminants to the surrounding environment, which is released from the surface that is polished with the polishing element (2). This pollutes the work environment, and it can be harmful to stop the health of the polisher operator (1) and the people around him.

Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, in order to avoid the above, a mechanism comprising: a first bell (9) connected to the cover (8) of the polisher (1), where the cover (8) covers the polishing element (2);

a solid collection mechanism (10) connected to the first bell (9); Y

- a fan (27) having a suction (12) connected to the solid collection mechanism (10);

where, the first bell (9), the solid collection mechanism (10), and the fan (27) are assembled to the chassis (4) of the polisher (1). In one embodiment of the invention, the first bell (9) is located on the periphery of the cover (8). This location is convenient for trapping particles that are fired in the tangential direction of the polishing element (2).

It will be understood in the present invention that bell is an element or device for collecting gases with solid, liquid, gaseous pollutants, or combinations thereof. The hood has the function of providing a different outlet for the gases to the surrounding environment.

In one embodiment of the invention, the mechanism comprises a second bell (9) located on the periphery of the cover (8). The bells (9) are arranged on opposite sides, in order to improve the pattern of air flow with solid contaminants that is taken around the polishing element (2).

In one embodiment of the invention, the mechanism has three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more bells arranged on the periphery of the roof (8).

In one embodiment of the invention, the bells (9) are selected from the group consisting of tubular bells, trapezoidal bells, triangular bells, rectangular bells, conical bells, slotted bells, lateral external bells, bells with plenum, rectangular or circular holes, fittings, or combinations of the above. In one embodiment of the invention, the bells (9) are fittings connected to the lateral surface of the cover (8). The fittings are easy to assemble, which allows for quick maintenance. In one embodiment of the invention, at least one of the bells (9) is a lateral external bell.

It will be understood in the present invention that lateral external bell, is a bell with a pick-up section, which is connected to the cover (8), and has a transport section connected to the pick-up section. In turn, the transport section is connected to a pipe.

In the collection section, the speed with which gas with solid contaminants enters is between 5m / s and 1 Om / s, which is sufficient to achieve the fluidization of solid contaminants and allows them to be dragged.

On the other hand, the speed in the transport section and inside the pipe, is greater 18m / s, which is sufficient to avoid the sedimentation of solid contaminants. In one embodiment of the invention, the bells (9) are made of a plastic or metallic material.

In one embodiment of the invention, the bells (9) are made of a metallic material, which can be stainless steel (e.g. AISI 304, 304L, 316, 316L); carbon steel (e.g. AISI 1020, 1015, 1040, 1070, 1080, 1045; ASTM A36, A516); steels alloyed to nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium or combinations thereof; aluminum; brass; tin; bronze; or combinations thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, the bells (9) are made of a plastic material, which can be polyvinyl chloride (PVC); polyethylene terephthalate (PET); polyamides (PA) (eg PA66; PA6; PA12); ethylene polytetrafluoride (PTFE); polyether ketone (PEEK); Polyamidaimide (PAI); Polybenzimidazole (PBI); vinylidene polyfluoride (PVDF, for its acronym in English); polysulfones (PSU, and PSSU); plastics (eg acrylic, polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy resins) reinforced with fibers (eg glass, aramid, carbon, polyester); or combinations of the above. In one embodiment of the invention, the bells (9) and the cover (8) form a monolithic body that is manufactured by casting, chemical welding, metallurgical welding (eg SMAW, GMAW, FCAW, GTAW, and other methods accepted by the American Welding Society), injection, laminate (hand-up); machining, injection, or combinations of the above.

In one embodiment of the invention, the bells (9) are interconnected by means of flexible tubing (35) to a mixer (28). In turn, the mixer (28) has an outlet that connects to the solids collection mechanism (10). Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, in one embodiment of the invention, the mechanism comprises two bells (9) connected by flexible pipes (35) to a mixer (28). The mixer (28) is a te-type accessory with two inputs and one output. For its part, the outlet of the type accessory is connected to the solid collection mechanism (10) with a flexible pipe (35).

Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, in one embodiment of the invention, the mechanism comprises two bells (9) connected by flexible pipe (35) to a mixer (28). The mixer (28) is an e-type accessory with two inputs and one output. For its part, the outlet of the type e fitting is connected to the solid collection mechanism (10) with a flexible pipe (35).

On the other hand, the solid collection mechanism (10) serves to capture the solid contaminants taken by the bells (9). Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, In one embodiment of the invention, the solid collection mechanism (10) is connected to the first bell (9) by means of a pipe, which can be rigid or flexible. In one embodiment of the invention, the solid collection mechanism (10) is connected to the first bell (9) by a flexible pipe (35). The flexible pipe (35) facilitates the cleaning and maintenance of the mechanism. In addition, the flexible pipe (35) tolerates vibrations generated by the operation of the machine, which would not be so efficiently supported by rigid pipes.

In one embodiment of the invention, the solid collection mechanism (10) is selected from cyclones, bag filters, cartridge filters, siliconized fabric filters, denim filters, fabric filters, and combinations thereof.

Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, in one embodiment of the invention, the solid collection mechanism (10) is a cyclone (11) that is located on the upper surface of the cover (8), next to the first motor (3). Cyclone (11) is suitable for separating particles with diameters greater than 5μιη. In addition, it has the advantage of not having moving parts, which implies low maintenance and operation costs. Also, the cyclone (11) has a low pressure drop, compared to other types of solid-gas separators, and can be manufactured in relatively small sizes, compared to other separators, for example, settlers.

In the cyclone (11), the gas path comprises a double vortex, where the gas describes a downward spiral on the outer side, and upward, on the inner side. The downward spiral carries thick solid particles, while the upward spiral carries gas and fine particles.

It will be understood in the present invention that the outer side of the cyclone (11) is the region near its side walls, and that the inner side of the cyclone (11) is the region near its longitudinal axis.

Also, the present invention will be understood as fine particles, particles with a size smaller than 2.5μιη. Cyclone (11) is selected from the group consisting of high efficiency centrifugal cyclones, high capacity cyclones, low pressure cyclones, dynamic dry precipitators, low efficiency cyclones, or combinations thereof. The cyclone (11) has a side inlet (12) connected to the first bell (9), a lower outlet (13) and an upper outlet (14). The cyclone (11) has in its lower part a conical section (23) that decreases towards the lower outlet (13).

In one embodiment of the invention, the cyclone (11) has in its upper part a cylindrical section (22).

In one embodiment of the invention, the cyclone (11) has a cylindrical section (22) and a conical section (23) extending below the cylindrical section (22). The cyclone (11) separates thick solid particles present in the gas stream with solid contaminants that enters through the lateral inlet (12). Coarse particles exit through the lower outlet (13), while gases with fine solid pollutants, exit through the upper outlet (14). The lateral inlet (12) can be of enveloping volute, of partially enveloping, tangential or axial volute. Also, the side entrance (12) can be circular or rectangular.

For its part, the upper outlet (14) is a duct that extends from inside the cyclone

(11), to a point higher than the upper face of the cyclone (11). The upper outlet (14) is responsible for capturing the gas flow from the internal vortex of the cyclone (11), and prevents the entry of gas entering through the side inlet (12). Preferably, the upper outlet (14) extends from a point located at the height of the lower edge of the lateral inlet

(12), or below it. In one embodiment of the invention, the cyclone (11) has a conical shape and has a tangential side entry (12) with respect to the major base of the conical shape.

On the other hand, the main families of tangential lateral entry cyclones (12) are high efficiency cyclones, conventional cyclones and high capacity cyclones. Table 1 shows a comparison between families of tangential lateral inlet cyclones (12), taking into account the removal efficiency of three types of solid pollutant particles suspended in a gas stream with solid pollutants.

The first type of particles are total suspended particles (PST); The second type of particles are the fraction of respirable particles (PM10), which are smaller than 10.0 μιη. Finally, the third type of particles are the fine particles (PM2.5) with a size smaller than 2.5μιη.

Table 1. Comparison of removal efficiencies for cyclone families.

In one embodiment of the invention, the cyclone (11) is a high efficiency cyclone. High efficiency cyclones are designed to achieve greater removal of small particles than conventional cyclones. High efficiency cyclones can remove 5μιη particles with efficiencies up to 90%, being able to achieve greater efficiencies with larger particles. High capacity cyclones are guaranteed only to remove particles larger than 20μιη, although to a certain extent the collection of smaller particles occurs. However, in the case of having multicyclones (several cyclones connected in parallel), collection efficiencies between 80% and 95% can be achieved for particles larger than 5μιη.

Referring to FIG. 5, it will be understood in the present invention that a cyclone (11) can be dimensionally characterized by the following variables:

Cyclone diameter (De): is the diameter of the cylindrical section (22) of the cyclone

(eleven) entrance height (a): is the height of the cross section of the side entrance (12);

input width (b): is the width of the cross section of the side entrance (12);

- exit height (S): is the height of the upper exit (14) measured below the upper face of the cyclone (11);

outlet diameter (Ds): is the diameter of the upper outlet (14);

cylindrical section height (h): is the height of the cylindrical section (22);

conic section height (z): is the height of the conical section (23);

- total height of the cyclone (H): is the maximum height of the cyclone (11);

bottom outlet diameter (B): is the diameter of the bottom outlet (13).

However, it is usual to express the dimensions of the cyclone (11) in terms of the diameter of the cyclone (De), since, regardless of the size of the cyclone (11), a linear proportion between the diameter of the cyclone (De) and its dimensions.

Also, cyclone (11) is characterized in terms of the following factors:

configuration factor (G);

- number of speed heads (NH); Y

- number of vortices (N).

The configuration factor (G) is calculated from the equation:

8K _C

(K _a K _b Y

where:

K _a = a / De is the relationship between the height of the entrance (a) and the diameter of the cyclone (De); K _b = b / Dc is the ratio between the width of the inlet (b) and the diameter of the cyclone (De); and K _c is a dimensional factor of the volumetric proportions of the cyclone that is calculated according to the expression:

V ^v sc ^T

' ^b Dc

where: V _sc is the volume evaluated on the cyclone output; V _R is the volume evaluated on the natural length (L) of the cyclone (11), provided it is true that the natural length of the cyclone (L) is less than the subtraction between the total height of the cyclone (H) and the height of the exit (s).

The natural length of the cyclone (L) is calculated according to the equation:

On the other hand, V _sc , the volume evaluated on the cyclone outlet (11), is calculated according to the expression:

Vsc = ^ [s - ^] Wc ² - Ds ² ]

And, V _R , the volume evaluated on the natural length of the cyclone (11), is calculated according to the expression:

K _L (K _L

V _R = ^ Dc ² (h - s) - j Dc ² (L + s - h) - -Ds ² L

^{1 +} Έ ⁺ (Έ 4

And where,

K _L is a linear dimension factor that is calculated as follows:

[s + L - h \

From - {From - B)

On the other hand, the number of turns (N) is calculated according to the expression

Also, Table 2 shows a summary of the geometric relationships expressed in dimensionless correlations that take the cyclone diameter (De) as reference, for the high efficiency cyclone classes such as Stairmand, Swift, and Echeverri.

Table 2. dimensionless correlations that take as a reference the diameter of the cyclone (De), for the high-efficiency cyclone classes such as Stairmand, Swift, and Echeverri Type of cyclone

Correlation

Dimension Echeverri Echeverri dimensionless Stairmand Swift

1 2

Cyclone diameter Dc / Dc 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Entry height a / Dc 0.5 0.44 0.5 0.45

Input width b / Dc 0.2 0.21 0.2 0.2

Output height S / Dc 0.5 0.5 0.625 0.75

Output diameter Ds / Dc 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5

Height cylindrical part h / Dc 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5

Conical part height z / Dc 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

Total height of the cyclone H / Dc 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0

0.4 outlet diameter

B / Dc 0.375 0.4 0.375

particles

789.48 factor

G 551.22 698.65 585.71

setting

Number of heads of 4.89

NH 6.4 9.24 6.4

speed

Number of vortices N 5.5 6.0 5.5 6, 1

Similarly, Table 3 shows a summary of the geometric relationships expressed in dimensionless correlations that take the cyclone diameter (De) as a reference, for the conventional cyclone classes such as Lapple, Swift, Peterson-Whithby, and Zenz .

Table 3 dimensionless correlations that take the cyclone diameter as a reference

(De), for conventional cyclone classes

Output diameter Ds / Dc 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Height cylindrical part h / Dc 2.0 1.75 1.333 2.0

Height conical part z / Dc 2.0 2.0 1.837 2.0

Total height of the cyclone H / Dc 4.0 3.75 3, 17 4.0

0.25 outlet diameter

B / Dc 0.25 0.4 0.5

particles

Configuration factor G 402.88 381.79 342.29 425.41

Number of heads 8.0

NH 8.0 8.0 7.76

speed

Number of vortices N 6.0 5.5 3.9 6.0

Similarly, Table 4 shows a summary of the geometric relationships expressed in dimensionless correlations that take the cyclone diameter (De) as a reference, for the Stairmand and Swift type high capacity cyclone classes.

Table 4. dimensionless correlations that take as a reference the diameter of the cyclone (De), for the high capacity cyclone classes of the Stairmand and Swift type

In one embodiment of the invention, the cyclone (11) is a high efficiency cyclone of the Stairdmand, Swift, Echeverri 1 or Echeverri 2 type.

In one embodiment of the invention, the cyclone (11) is of the Echeverri 2 type.

In one embodiment of the invention, the cyclone (11) is a conventional Stairmand or Swift type cyclone.

On the other hand, a relatively small cyclone (11) operating at a fixed pressure drop reaches higher efficiencies, compared to larger cyclones (11). However, small diameter cyclones require several units in parallel to achieve a specified capacity.

In one embodiment of the invention, the solid collection mechanism (10) is a multi-cyclone that includes two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or more cyclones (11) connected in parallel.

It will be understood in the present invention that a parallel connection of two or more cyclones is when the total flow that enters through the bells (9) is divided into equal fractions, which enter each cyclone (11). In this way, large flows can be managed, with small sizes of cyclones (11), and high separation efficiencies.

In one embodiment of the invention, the solid collection mechanism (10) includes two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or more cyclones (11) connected in series.

It will be understood in the present invention that a serial connection of two or more cyclones is when the upper outlet (14) of a first cyclone (11) is connected to the side inlet (12) of a second cyclone (11). This is in order to increase the separation efficiency of coarse particles. On the other hand, in case you want to connect more than two cyclones (11) in series, the connection mode is repeated, connecting the side input (12) of a third cyclone (11) to the upper output (11) of the second cyclone; the lateral inlet (12) of a fourth cyclone (11) to the upper outlet (11) of the third cyclone, and so on with the other cyclones. It is important to note that the choice of the type of cyclone (11) to be used depends on the statistical distribution of the particle size it handles, the desired efficiency, and the maximum pressure drop allowed. In one embodiment of the invention, a container (16) is connected to the lower outlet (13) of the cyclone (11). The container (16) allows collecting the coarse particles separated in the cyclone (11).

In one embodiment of the invention, the container (16) is connected to the lower outlet (13) of two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine or more cyclones.

The container (16) must be airtight to avoid air infiltrations that again fluidize the captured solids. To ensure the above, it is advisable to test the container (16) for tightness before its first operation, and periodically in preventive maintenance tasks. On the other hand, the tightness tests can be pneumatic or hydraulic.

The container (16) may be metallic or plastic, and may have a rectangular, polygonal, triangular, pentagonal, ellipsoidal, oblong, cylindrical prismatic shape, or combinations thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, the container (16) and the cyclone (11) form a monolithic body, which can be made of plastic or metal materials. The plastic materials from which the container (16) and / or the cyclone (11) are made, can be polyvinyl chloride (PVC); polyethylene terephthalate (PET); polyamides (PA) (eg PA66; PA6; PA12); ethylene polytetrafluoride (PTFE); polyether ketone (PEEK); Polyamidaimide (PAI); Polybenzimidazole (PBI); vinylidene polyfluoride (PVDF); polysulfones (PSU, and PSSU); plastics (eg acrylic, polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy resins) reinforced with fibers (eg glass, aramid, carbon, polyester); or combinations of the above. On the other hand, the metallic materials from which the container (16) and / or the cyclone (11) are made, can be stainless steel (eg AISI 304, 304L, 316, 316L); carbon steel (eg AISI 1020, 1015, 1040, 1070, 1080, 1045; ASTM A36, A516); steels alloyed to nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium or combinations thereof; aluminum; brass; tin; bronze; or combinations thereof.

Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, in one embodiment of the invention, a support (17) is arranged on the upper surface of the cover (8). The support (17) includes an enclosure (18) that houses the container (16). In this way, the container (16) can be easily removed from the mechanism, which is important to clean the container (16) without complications. On the other hand, the container (16) can easily be changed to a new one, which would not be possible if it were fixedly attached to the polisher (1).

The support (17) can be metallic or plastic, and can have a rectangular, polygonal, triangular, pentagonal, ellipsoidal, oblong, cylindrical prismatic shape, or combinations thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, the container (16) and the support (17) have a rectangular prismatic shape, the support (17) being larger than the container (16). In addition, the container (16) has on its side faces, at least two handles (19), which facilitate its grip and handling.

In one embodiment of the invention, the container (16) has a lid (20) with a central hole that aligns with the bottom outlet (13) of the cyclone (11), and with perforations located on the periphery of the central hole. On the other hand, a flange is located in the lower outlet (13), which is connected with fixing means to the perforations of the cover (20).

The fixing means are selected from screws, bolts, rivets, pin-wedges or combinations of the above.

Referring to FIG. 4, in one embodiment of the invention, the cyclone (11) is covered with a protective box (21) that is connected to the upper face of the container (16). The protective box (21) consists of vertical sheets located on the periphery of the lid (20). At least one of the vertical sheets is removable, this is in order to facilitate access to the cyclone (11) for inspection and maintenance work. Referring to FIG. 4, in one embodiment of the invention, the protective box (21) is formed of a first section (39) formed by three sheets forming three sides of a rectangular prism. Also, the protective box (21) includes a side sheet (36) connected with fixing means to the first section (39); and a top sheet (24) connected with fixing means to the first section (39) and to the side sheet (36).

For its part, the top sheet (24) has a hole that aligns with the top outlet

(14) of the cyclone (11). In one embodiment of the invention, the solid collection mechanism (10) is a fine particle collector (15).

The fine particle collector (15) can be a bag filter (26), a cartridge filter (25) or a combination thereof.

The bag filter (26) can be one or more bags, where the bags are made of fabric, denim, microfiber, fiberglass, non-woven polyester fibers, viscous polyester, siliconized polyester, polyethylene, bi-component fibers, fibers of polyamide, aramid, or combinations thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, the fine particle collector (15) is a bag filter (26) with one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more bags.

In one embodiment of the invention, the solid collection mechanism (10) is made up of a cyclone (11) with a side inlet (12) connected to the first bell (9), a lower outlet (13) and an upper outlet (14); and a fine particle collector

(15) connected to the upper outlet (14). This configuration takes advantage of the efficiency of the cyclone (11) to separate thick particles and the efficiency of the fine particle collector (15) to separate smaller particles, which cannot be separated by the cyclone (11).

In one embodiment of the invention, the fine particle collector (15) is formed of a bag filter (26) connected in series with at least one cartridge filter (25).

In one embodiment of the invention, the solid collection mechanism (10) is made up of a high efficiency cyclone (11), type Echeverri 2, connected in series with a bag filter (26) and a cartridge filter (25 ).

In one embodiment of the invention, the cartridge filter (25) is selected from the group consisting of washable metal filters, cardboard filters, medium efficiency filters, bag filters, silicone paper filters, cellulosic filters, automotive filters, Hepa filters or combinations thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, the cartridge filter (25) has one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or more cartridges, which can be arranged in series or in parallel. If they are arranged in series, a greater air filtration is guaranteed, but the pressure drop is increased. In the other case, the cartridges arranged in parallel allow to increase the flow of air to be filtered, without drastically affecting the pressure drop.

In one embodiment of the invention, the cartridge filter (25) is made of a plastic material from the group of thermoplastics or thermosets.

In one embodiment of the invention, the cartridge filter (25) is of a plastic material selected from polyester, cellulose, ethylene polyretrafluoride (PTFE), or a combination of the foregoing. Referring to FIG. 6, in one embodiment of the invention, the cartridge filter (25) and the bag filter (26) are located in a filter box (29) located in the polisher chassis (1). The filter box (29) protects the filters (25 and 26) from the surrounding environment, and allows them to be organized in a compact manner.

In one embodiment of the invention, the filter box (29) has a door (30) that allows easy access to the filters (25 and 26).

In one embodiment of the invention, the filter box (29) has an input connection (31) and an output connection (32). The connections (31 and 32) facilitate the assembly of the fine particle collecting mechanism (15) with other parts of the mechanism, such as the fan (27), the cyclone (11), or the bells (9).

In one embodiment of the invention, the inlet connection (31) is connected to the upper outlet (14) of a cyclone (11) by a flexible pipe (35). At the same time, the input connection (31) is connected to a bag filter (26).

In one embodiment of the invention, the outlet connection (32) is connected by a flexible pipe (35) to the fan (27). In addition, the outlet connection (32) is connected to a cartridge filter (25) located inside the filter housing (29). In one embodiment of the invention, the cartridge filter (25) receives gas leaving the bag filter (26) and discharges clean gas to the outlet connection (32).

The present invention will be understood as clean gas, a gas with a concentration of less than 2% of solid pollutants with a particle size of less than 2.5μιη.

In one embodiment of the invention, the fan (27) is selected from centrifugal fans, radial fans with flat fins; radial fans with backward curved fins; Sirocco class radial fin fans; turbines; blowers; turbo-fans or combinations thereof.

The fan (27) generates a suction allows the hoods (9) to capture the particles of the solid contaminants, by means of a gas stream that enters the solid collection mechanism (10), where the contaminant particles are collected solid. Subsequently, the fan (27) releases the gas to the environment through its discharge.

In one embodiment of the invention, the fan (27) is a turbine that generates a nominal pressure between lOKPa and 50KPa.

In one embodiment of the invention, the fan (27) is made up of two, three, four, five, six, or more fans connected in series. In this way, a higher suction pressure can be achieved, which allows the use of highly efficient filters and cyclones, but with high pressure drops, in the solids collection mechanism (10), such as the most efficient cyclones, and low porosity filters,

In one embodiment of the invention, the fan (27) is made up of two, three, four, five, six, or more fans connected in parallel. In this way, higher air flow rates can be achieved than when using a single fan, which is important for you to capture pollutant solids from high capacity polishers (1).

In one embodiment of the invention, the fan (27) is a centrifugal fan. This type of fan is easy to install and maintain, compared to compressors, turbochargers and blowers.

In one embodiment of the invention (not illustrated), the fan (27) has its suction connected to the first bell (9), and its discharge connected to the solids collection mechanism (10). In this embodiment, the fan (27) must be capable of handling solids, for example, a centrifugal fan with flat fins, or with fins curved backwards.

In one embodiment of the invention (not illustrated), the fan (27) has its suction connected to the upper outlet (14) of a cyclone (11). The cyclone (11) has its side entrance (12) connected to the first bell (9).

In one embodiment of the invention (not illustrated), the mechanism comprises a first bell (9) connected to a cover (8) of a polisher (1), where the cover (8) covers a polishing element of the polisher (1) . Also, the mechanism includes a fan (27) with a suction connected to the first bell (9); And a download. In this mode, the fan (27) must be capable of handling solids, for example, a centrifugal fan with flat fins, or with fins curved backwards.

In addition, the mechanism has a solid collection mechanism (10) consisting of a cyclone (11) and a fine particle collector (15). The cyclone (11) with a side inlet (12) connected to the fan discharge (27); a lower outlet (13) and an upper outlet (14).

For its part, the fine particle collector (15) is formed by a bag filter (26) connected to the upper outlet (14); and a cartridge filter (25) connected in series with the bag filter (26).

Additionally, the first bell (9), the solids collection mechanism (10), and the fan (27) are assembled to the chassis (4) of the polisher (1).

In one embodiment of the invention (not illustrated), the mechanism includes two bells (9) that are interconnected by flexible tubing (35) to a mixer (28). In turn, the mixer (28) has an outlet that is connected to the fan (27) by means of flexible tubing (35).

In one embodiment of the invention, the fan (27) includes a second motor (37); a housing, an impeller housed in the housing and connected to the second motor (37) by means of a shaft. In one embodiment of the invention, the first motor (3) of the polisher (1), and the second motor (37) of the fan (27) are selected from the group consisting of internal combustion engines, direct current electric motors, of alternating current, synchronous, asynchronous, of friction rings, squirrel cage type, with auxiliary start wound, with auxiliary start with condenser, or combinations of the above.

In one embodiment of the invention, the first motor (3) has a power between 0.5kW and 23kW. Also, the first motor (3) can have a power of 0.75kW; lkW; l, 5kW; 2kW; 2.2kW; 2.5kW; 3kW; 5kW; lOkW; 12kW; 15kW; 17kW; 20kW; or greater than 23kW.

In one embodiment of the invention, the second motor (37) has a power between 0, 1kW and 10kW.

Also, the second motor (37) can have a power of 0, lkW; 0.2kW; 0.25kW; 0.5kW; 0.75kW; 2kW; 2.2kW; 2.5kW; 3kW; 5kW; or greater than 10 kW. In one embodiment of the invention, the mechanism includes a control device (38) disposed in the chassis (4) of the polisher (1), the control device consists of: an ignition switch connected between a source of electrical energy and to the second motor (37) of the fan (27);

a timer device; Y

- an emergency power off switch connected between the power source and the power switch.

The control device allows to turn the fan (27) on and off safely. In addition, using the emergency power off switch, the fan (27) can be turned off quickly.

In one embodiment of the invention, the ignition switch and emergency shutdown switch are selected from the group consisting of normally open, normally closed, two, three, four or more way switches, relays, contactors, or combinations of the above. .

In one embodiment of the invention, the ignition switch is connected between the power source, the second motor (37) and the first motor (3). In this way, the ignition switch allows the fan (27) and the first motor (3) to be started simultaneously.

In one embodiment of the invention, the control device (38) includes a contactor connected to the second motor (37) of the fan (27), the first motor (3) and the power source. The contactor has power connections coupled to the motors (3 and 27) and control connections connected to the power source. In addition, the device Control (38) has a normally open sensor connected to the second motor (37), where, the normally open sensor is activated when the ignition switch is activated, but the fan (27) does not start. The above is important to prevent the polisher (1) from starting to operate without the fan running (27), causing the polisher (1) to produce solid pollutants that end up contaminating the surrounding environment.

In one embodiment of the invention, the timer device is selected from the group consisting of horometers, chronometers, timers and combinations thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, the timer device is a hour meter. The hour meter allows to measure the amount of hours of operation of the mechanism, which is important for the management of maintenance indicators of its parts, such as the fan (27) and the solid collection mechanism (10).

In one embodiment of the invention, the source of electrical energy is selected from the group of batteries and wired connections to a home or industrial electrical network, or a combination thereof,

In one embodiment of the invention, the source of electrical energy is a rechargeable battery, which can be lead-acid, nickel-iron, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, lithium-ion, or a combination of the above.

In one embodiment of the invention, the power source is a connection to a network that operates at 110V, 220V, or 440V.

In one embodiment of the invention, the control device (38) includes two frequency inverters, each connected to a motor (3; 37). The frequency inverters allow you to adjust the speed with which the polishing element of the polisher (1) and the fan (27) operate.

Example 1: Particle collecting mechanism for dry concrete polisher. A particle collecting mechanism was designed and constructed, which was installed in a dry-operated polisher (1), which has a polishing element consisting of three planetary disks connected by a transmission to the first engine (3).

The polisher (1) has the following characteristics:

first engine (3):

- power: 12.5kW;

- type: squirrel cage alternating current motor;

- cover (8):

high: 30cm

length 82cm

width: 40cm

- material: ASTM A36 carbon steel sheet

- chassis (4):

- material: AISI 1020 steel profile;

- number of wheels: 2;

grip support height (6): l, 40m;

- handle (7): AISI 1020 carbon steel rod coated with rubber;

On the other hand, the mechanism has the following characteristics:

two bells (9)

- type: Sch fittings. 40 PVC 5.08cm (2plg) in diameter; and thread of 3.8 lcm (l, 5plg) connected to Sch elbows. 40, of PVC and nominal diameter of 3.81cm (l, 5plg)

- mixer (28): galvanized steel tee type accessory, Sch. 40, and 3.8 lcm (l, 5plg) in diameter;

- flexible pipes (35) of 3.8 lcm (l, 5plg) in diameter;

- solid collection mechanism (10):

- a cyclone (11):

- type: Echeverri 2 high efficiency;

- diameter of the cyclone (De): 0.16m;

- entrance height (a): 0,07m;

- input width (b): 0,03m; - exit height (S): 0, 12m;

- outlet diameter (Ds): 0.08m;

- height cylindrical section (h): 0.24m;

- height conical section (z): 0.40m;

- bottom outlet diameter (B): 0.06 m.

- a fine particle collector (15) consisting of a bag filter (26) and a cartridge filter (25) with the following characteristics:

bag filter (26):

- number of bags: 1

- Satchel material: siliconized fabric with porosity of 5 micrometers, dimensions: 20cmx 20cm x 40cm;

cartridge filter (25): Filter for fine powders

Filtering layers: 3

- length: 22cm

width: 18,5cm

high: 18,5cm

- material: Pleated paper and plastic

- weight: 0.45kg

- filter box (29):

high: 50cm

width: 50cm

Length: 25 cm - the mechanism has a fan (27) with the following characteristics:

- voltage: 220V / 50Hz

- power: 1100W

- maximum operating pressure: 18kPa

maximum output flow: 165m ³ / h

- weight: 16kg

dimensions: 332x328x358mm

high pressure, low flow and low noise centrifugal blades; Example 2: A particle collecting mechanism was designed and constructed, like that of example 1, to which a cyclone (11) was installed with the following characteristics:

- diameter of the cyclone (De): 49,53cm;

- entrance height (a): 12,7cm;

- input width (b): 12,7cm;

- outlet diameter (Ds): 15,24cm;

- height cylindrical section (h): Ocm;

- height conical section (z): 58.42cm;

It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the modalities described and illustrated, since as will be evident to a person versed in art, there are possible variations and modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the invention, which is only found defined by the following claims.

Claims

1. A particle collecting mechanism comprising:

a first bell (9) connected to a cover (8) of a polisher (1), where the cover (8) covers a polishing element (2) of the polisher (1);

a solid collection mechanism (10) connected to the first bell (9); Y

a fan (27) having a suction connected to the solid collection mechanism (10);

where, the first bell (9), the solid collection mechanism (10), and the fan (27) are assembled to the chassis (4) of the polisher (1).

2. The mechanism of Claim 1, wherein the solids collection mechanism (10) is selected from a cyclone, a bag filter, a cartridge filter, silicone cloth filters, denim filters, cloth filters, and combinations thereof.

3. The mechanism of Claim 1, wherein the solid collection mechanism (10) is comprised of:

a cyclone (11) with a side inlet (12) connected to the first bell

(9), a lower output (13) and an upper output (14); Y

a fine particle collector (15) connected to the upper outlet (14).

4. The mechanism of Claim 3, characterized in that the fine particle collector (15) is formed by a bag filter (26) and a cartridge filter (25) arranged in series.

6. The mechanism of Claim 1, wherein a second bell (9) is connected to the cover (8) of the dry polisher, the second bell (9) is connected to the solids collection mechanism (10).

7. The mechanism of Claim 1, wherein the first bell (9) is connected to the solid collection mechanism (10) by means of a flexible pipe (35).

8. The mechanism of Claim 1, characterized in that the fan is selected from the group consisting of centrifugal fans, radial fans with flat fins; radial fans with backward curved fins; Sirocco class radial fin fans; axial fans; turbo-axial fans; and combinations thereof.

9. The mechanism of Claim 3, characterized in that the cyclone (11) is a high efficiency cyclone.

10. The mechanism of Claim 1, characterized in that it includes a control device (38) connected to the chassis (4) of the polisher (1), the control device (38) is made up of:

a power switch connected between an electric power source and the fan;

a timer device;

An emergency power off switch connected between the power source and the power switch.

11. A particle collecting mechanism comprising:

a first bell (9) connected to a cover (8) of a polisher (1), where the cover (8) covers a polishing element of the polisher (1);

a fan (27) with a suction connected to the first bell (9); and a download;

a solid collection mechanism (10) consisting of:

a cyclone (11) with a side inlet (12) connected to the fan discharge (27); a lower outlet (13) and an upper outlet (14); and a fine particle collector (15) consisting of:

a bag filter (26) connected to the upper outlet (14); and a cartridge filter (25) connected in series with the bag filter

(26);