WO2018169098A1

WO2018169098A1 - Cognitive and memory test device and method

Info

Publication number: WO2018169098A1
Application number: PCT/KR2017/002686
Authority: WO
Inventors: 한덕현; 박진완; 김선미; 이재중
Original assignee: 중앙대학교 산학협력단
Priority date: 2017-03-13
Filing date: 2017-03-13
Publication date: 2018-09-20

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cognitive and memory test device and method and, more specifically, to a cognitive and memory test device and method for diagnosing an attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The present invention can make a highly reliable diagnosis of an attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder by analyzing cognitive and memory ability, using images copied by a testee from test drawings.

Description

Cognitive and memory test device and method

The present invention relates to a cognitive and memory test device and method, and more particularly to a cognitive and memory test device and method for diagnosing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

What are the characteristics of children who are distracted, distracted and hyperactive, and what are the scientific mechanisms for why these behaviors are manifested? Childhood is faster than any other stage of life. It is also an important step that is the foundation of adolescence and adult development, and it is a time to increase self-esteem and belonging through interaction with peers. Recently, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has emerged as a serious social problem with a high prevalence of psychopathology in adolescents. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurological condition characterized by difficulty controlling behavior, impulse, and attention. The causes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have been explained in various ways, ranging from physiological to interpersonal causation, such as brain dysfunction, genetic factors, pregnancy and childbirth issues, biochemical and environmental factors. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is often divided into three types: hyperactivity-impulse predominance, which shows only impulsivity and hyperactivity, inattention, and attention deficit predominance, which only has low concentration, and a combination of the two.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is the most common psychiatric disorder among school-aged children (6-12 years). In terms of gender differences, boys are reported to be about three times higher than girls. According to the results of domestic epidemiological studies conducted by Seoul and Seoul National University Hospital, the prevalence of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Korea is about 6-8%. That's up to 13% when it's not serious. This prevalence was found to be the highest among pediatric psychiatric-related diseases. Actually, according to the Korea Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service, the number of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was 6,198 in 2004. Was 25,429 in 2008, more than quadrupled in four years.

The main problems associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are characterized by poor academics, rebellion and aggression, and peer relationship difficulties. In infancy, sleep disorders are difficult to soothe, eating habits are irregular, and when you start walking, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior become apparent. In school age, they show more frequent and persistent distractions, hyperactivity and impulse than peers. Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder usually have a short attention span and are difficult to control behaviors according to social norms, and they do not speak recklessly and endure frustration. In addition, games or lineups that must follow a certain rule, such as the appearance of maladjustment and do not listen to the parents. It is also accompanied by rebellious, cognitive and behavioral problems and various psychiatric problems. As such, children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder show severe deficiencies in the processing speed and performance of learning tasks due to their attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness, and show low performance in cognitive ability.

Background art of the present invention is disclosed in Korean Patent Publication No. 2010-0048232 (published May 11, 2010).

The present invention provides a cognitive and memory test apparatus and method that can diagnose attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by analyzing the cognitive and memory ability using the image drawn along the subject picture.

The present invention provides a cognitive and memory test apparatus and method capable of reliably diagnosing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using differences in cognitive and memory abilities of normal children and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children.

The objects of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned objects, and other objects that are not mentioned will be clearly understood from the following description.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a cognitive and memory test apparatus is provided.

A cognitive and memory test device according to an embodiment of the present invention inputs a cognitive drawing image drawn according to a viewing original image, inputs an immediate memory drawing image drawn as soon as it is memorized in an invisible state, and as remembered after a preset time. An image input unit for inputting a delayed memory drawing image, an input cognitive drawing image, an immediate memory drawing image, and a delayed memory drawing image are compared with the original image to calculate a cognitive and memory capacity that yields cognitive ability, immediate memory ability, and delayed memory ability It may include a attention deficit hyperactivity disorder determination unit for determining whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using the wealth and the calculated cognitive ability, instant memory ability and local memory ability.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cognitive and memory test method and a computer program for executing the same.

A cognitive and memory test method and a computer program for executing the same according to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of inputting the cognitive drawing image drawn while viewing the original image, the immediate memory drawing image drawn as soon as possible without the original image Inputting, delayed memory drawing as memorized after a preset time inputting drawing image, cognitive drawing, instant memory and delay by comparing the input cognitive drawing image, instant memory drawing image and delayed memory drawing image with the original image Calculating memory capacity and determining whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is determined using the calculated cognitive ability, immediate memory capacity, and local memory capacity.

The present invention can diagnose attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using differences in cognitive and memory abilities of normal children and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children.

The present invention can diagnose attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with high reliability by analyzing cognition and memory ability by using the image drawn along the target picture.

1 to 9 are diagrams for describing a cognitive and memory test device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

10 to 19 are diagrams for describing a cognitive and memory test method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art may easily implement the present invention. As those skilled in the art would realize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. In addition, when a part is said to "include" a certain component, it means that it may further include other components, except to exclude other components unless specifically stated otherwise.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be described in detail for the practice of the present invention.

1 to 9 are diagrams for describing a cognitive and memory test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, the cognitive and memory test apparatus includes an image input unit 100, a cognitive and memory ability calculating unit 200, and an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder determining unit 300. Here, the cognitive and memory test is to test the cognitive and memory ability by looking at the picture, following it equally, and redrawing it in the invisible state, and redrawing after a preset time, for example 20 or 30 minutes.

The image input unit 100 inputs a cognitive drawing image drawn along while viewing the original image, inputs an immediate memory drawing image drawn as soon as it is memorized in an invisible state, and inputs a delayed memory drawing image drawn as memorized after a preset time. . Here, the preset time is, for example, 20 minutes or 30 minutes, and may be arbitrarily set.

The cognitive and memory capability calculator 200 calculates the cognitive ability, the immediate memory ability, and the delayed memory ability by comparing the input cognitive drawing image, the immediate memory drawing image, and the delayed memory drawing image with the original image. Cognitive and memory capacity calculation unit 200 will be described in more detail with reference to FIG.

The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder determination unit 300 determines whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using the calculated cognitive ability, immediate memory ability and local memory ability. The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder determination unit 300 may determine whether the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by comparing the calculated cognitive ability with a preset cognitive ability reference value or by comparing the calculated delayed memory ability with a preset delay memory ability reference value. Can be. In addition, the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder determination unit 300 may determine whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder based on the difference between the cognitive ability and the immediate memory ability and the difference between the immediate memory ability and the delayed memory ability.

The present invention collects image data that can check the user's drawing characteristics, time, habits and the like, and can be used as data for discrimination and treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder through later image data analysis.

Referring to FIG. 2, the cognitive and memory capability calculator 200 may include an analysis target image extractor 210, a size ratio adjuster 220, a filter applier 230, a comparison image generator 240, and a comparison image binarization. A unit 250 and a cognitive memory capacity calculator 260 is included.

The analysis target image extractor 210 extracts each analysis target image from the cognitive drawing image, the immediate memory drawing image, and the delayed memory drawing image.

The size ratio adjusting unit 220 adjusts the extracted analysis target image to the size ratio of the original image.

The filter applying unit 230 widens the drawing area by applying a filter to the analysis target image adjusted to the size ratio of the original image. Here, the filter may be, for example, a Gaussian filter, but is not limited thereto.

The comparison image generator 240 generates a comparison image by overlapping the analysis target image and the original image.

The comparison image binarizer 250 binarizes the comparison image by using overlapping pixel values. The comparison image binarizer 250 may maximize the result by squared or root of each pixel value of the binarized comparison image. For example, when the comparison image binarizer 250 squares a value of 0 to 1, the comparison image binarizer 250 is converted to a value close to 0, so that the white area is reduced, and only a portion of the existing pixel value that has a large difference remains. In addition, the comparison image binarization unit 250 converts the value of 0 to 1 into a value close to 1, thereby widening the white area.

The cognitive memory capacity calculator 260 calculates a cognitive ability, an immediate memory capacity, and a delayed memory capacity by using pixel values of the binarized comparison image. The cognitive memory capacity calculator 260 may use an average value of pixel values. The cognitive memory calculation unit 260 may be regarded as having a smaller difference from the original image as the average value is close to 0, and may be regarded as having a larger difference as it is closer to 1, thereby calculating cognitive ability, immediate memory ability, and delayed memory ability.

A cognitive and memory test apparatus according to the present invention is a drawing information storage unit for extracting and storing the drawing coordinates of the cognitive drawing image, the immediate memory drawing image and the delayed memory drawing image, the drawing time, the pressure information given to the drawing pen, and storing the drawing image. (Not shown) and a viewer (player) for viewing user data may be further included. Here, the data can be saved as a comma-separated values (CSV) file and edited in Excel.

3 to 9, examples of the user list stored in a file and an interface for performing a cognitive and memory test in the cognitive and memory test device according to the present invention are displayed.

Cognitive and memory testing devices store data in a form that allows continuous data accumulation. The cognitive and memory test apparatus is a program installed and used on an Android tablet and performs a cognitive and memory test using a pen (S pen) that senses the pressure of 256 levels mounted on the tablet. The cognitive and memory test device stores the movement and pressure of the line drawn by the patient in real time, and the user draws the drawing order and the pressure so that the user can execute the drawing process again after the cognitive and memory test is finished. The cognitive and memory tester can output the saved data in CSV format to view the patient's pen pressure and handwriting. Here, the stored data is stored in a CSV format and may include at least one of a unique ID, date of birth, gender, and name of the patient.

10 to 19 are diagrams for describing a cognitive and memory test method according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 10, in operation S1010, the cognitive and memory test device inputs a cognitive drawing image drawn while viewing an original image.

In step S1020, the cognitive and memory test device inputs the immediate memory drawing image drawn as soon as it is immediately memorized.

In step S1030, the cognitive and memory inspection apparatus inputs the drawn delayed memory drawing image as memorized after a preset time.

In operation S1040, the cognitive and memory test apparatus compares the input cognitive drawing image, the immediate memory drawing image, and the delayed memory drawing image with the original image to calculate the cognitive ability, the immediate memory ability, and the delayed memory ability.

In operation S1050, the cognitive and memory test device determines whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is performed using the calculated cognitive ability, immediate memory ability, and local memory ability.

Hereinafter, the steps of calculating the cognitive ability, the immediate memory capacity, and the delayed memory capacity of step S1040 described above with reference to FIGS. 11 to 19 will be described in detail.

In operation S1110, the cognitive and memory test apparatus extracts each analysis target image from the cognitive drawing image, the immediate memory drawing image, and the delayed memory drawing image.

12 to 19, the cognitive and memory test apparatus according to the present invention may extract the difference as numerical data by comparing the drawing image of the 15 normal group and the 15 patient group (ADHD) with the original image. The cognitive and memory test method is to compare the data with the original image and extract data to draw a picture well, not to check whether the picture is not drawn, but to measure the probability of drawing a line at the same position as the original image.

First, the cognitive and memory inspection apparatus cuts a picture into a valid analysis target region from an input cognitive drawing image, an immediate memory drawing image, and a delayed memory drawing image as shown in FIG. 12, and generates an image cut as shown in FIG. 13. The cognitive and memory tester can remove unwanted areas drawn before the picture is cropped using other tools. The cognitive and memory test apparatus may then find, for example, the upper left and lower right points in the cognitive drawing image, the immediate memory drawing image, and the delayed memory drawing image, and store only the internal area separately based on the corresponding position.

In operation S1120, the cognitive and memory test apparatus adjusts the extracted analysis target image by the size ratio of the original image.

Referring to FIG. 14, the cognitive and memory test device modifies the cropped analysis target image to match the ratio of the original image. The cognitive and memory tester modifies the ratio to compare and compare the two images. The cognitive and memory tester inverts the colors of the drawing area and the background to correct the ratio and apply the Gaussian filter in the next step.

In operation S1130, the cognitive and memory test device applies a filter to widen the drawing area.

Referring to FIG. 15, the cognitive and memory test device may apply a Gaussian filter to widen an overlapping area. Since the cognitive and memory test device is a thin line, it is not easy to overlap and compare the degree of similarity, so that Gaussian filter is applied to give a smoothing effect to widen the drawing area. When the cognitive and memory tester uses a Gaussian filter, the larger the sigma value to be set, the greater the smoothing effect can be set. The cognitive and memory tester can compare the results by repeating the experiment while changing the sigma value because the result may vary depending on the sigma value.

In operation S1140, the cognitive and memory test device generates a comparison image by overlapping the analysis target image and the original image.

Referring to FIG. 16, the cognitive and memory test device generates an image comparing the original image to which the Gaussian filter is applied and the analysis target image. The cognitive and memory tester subtracts the image to be analyzed from the original image to which the filter is applied, and then takes an absolute value to produce a positive integer value. Here, each pixel has a value of 0 for dark colors and 255 for light colors. The cognitive and memory tester calculates a difference value close to zero if the same pixels of two images have a similar color, and a value close to 255 if the pixel values are different. The cognitive and memory tester compares the value of each pixel and divides the pixel value by 255 to generate a normalized image between 0 and 1.

In operation S1150, the cognitive and memory test device binarizes the comparison image by using overlapping pixel values.

Referring to FIGS. 17 and 18, the cognitive and memory test apparatus may post-process the generated comparison image to maximize the result. A cognitive and memory tester can maximize the result by squaring each pixel value or applying a root. When the cognitive and memory test apparatus squares a value of 0 to 1 as shown in FIG. 17, the cognitive and memory test apparatus converts the value to a value close to 0, thereby reducing the white area and leaving only a portion of the existing pixel values that has a large difference. In addition, the cognitive and memory test apparatus may convert the value of 0 to 1 into a value close to 1 as root as shown in FIG. 18, thereby widening the white area.

In operation S1160, the cognitive and memory inspection apparatus calculates an average of pixel values of the binarized comparison image to calculate a cognitive ability, an immediate memory ability, and a delayed memory ability. The cognitive and memory test device obtains an average value of the generated comparison image. In the cognitive and memory test apparatus, the closer the mean value is to 0, the smaller the difference from the original image, and the closer to 1, the more difference the image can be seen. The cognitive and memory test apparatus can obtain and compare both averages of simple comparison images and post-processed (squared, rooted) images, and calculate cognitive, immediate memory, and delayed memory. The cognitive and memory test device determines whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using the calculated cognitive ability, immediate memory ability and local memory ability. The cognitive and memory test apparatus may determine whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is calculated by comparing the calculated cognitive ability with a preset cognitive ability reference value or by comparing the calculated delayed memory ability with a preset delay memory ability reference value. In addition, the cognitive and memory test device may determine whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder based on the difference between the cognitive ability and the immediate memory ability and the difference between the immediate memory ability and the delayed memory ability.

Referring to FIG. 19, the first graph (Sub 1) shows the results of cognitive, immediate memory, and delayed memory test of normal children, and the second graph (Sub 2) shows attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children. Cognitive, immediate memory, and delayed memory test results. In the first graph, most of the normal children showed 's'-shaped graphs in which the mean value increased in memory immediately after cognitive ability and maintained or decreased in delayed memory, and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder immediately after cognitive ability The graph shows a 'V' with decreasing mean value in memory and increasing in delayed memory. Thus, the following conclusion can be reached.

Comparative Analysis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children and Normal Children

1. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder differ in visual cognitive ability compared to normal children (z = 4.73, p = 0.01).

2. Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder showed a difference in delayed memory ability compared to normal children (z = 2.12, p = 0.03).

3. Compared to the original picture, the normal children showed a big difference from the original picture, and the delayed memory did not show a big difference. The children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder had little difference between the initial cognition and immediate memory. There was again a big difference in memory capacity (F = 4.79, p = 0.01).

A cognitive and memory test method according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in the form of program instructions that may be executed through computer means such as various servers. Further, a program for executing the cognitive and memory test method according to the present invention can be installed in computer means and recorded in a computer readable medium. Computer-readable media may include, alone or in combination with the program instructions, data files, data structures, and the like. The program instructions recorded on the computer readable medium may be those specially designed and constructed for the present invention, or may be known and available to those skilled in the computer software arts. Examples of computer-readable recording media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape, optical media such as CD-ROMs, DVDs, and magnetic disks, such as floppy disks. Hardware devices specially configured to store and execute program instructions such as magneto-optical media and ROM, RAM, flash memory and the like.

So far, the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments. However, the above description of the present invention is for illustration, and those skilled in the art may understand that the present invention can be easily modified in other specific forms without changing the technical spirit or essential features of the present invention. Could be. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments described above are exemplary in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is indicated by the claims rather than the detailed description, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents should be construed as being included in the scope of the invention.

Claims

In cognitive and memory test device,

An image input unit for inputting a cognitive drawing image drawn according to the original image, inputting an immediate memory drawing image drawn as soon as it is memorized in an invisible state, and inputting a delayed memory drawing image drawn as memorized after a preset time;

A cognitive and memory capability calculator for comparing the input cognitive drawing image, the immediate memory drawing image, and the delayed memory drawing image with the original image to calculate cognitive ability, immediate memory ability, and delayed memory ability; And

A cognitive and memory test device comprising a attention deficit hyperactivity disorder determination unit for determining whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using the calculated cognitive ability, instant memory ability and local memory capacity.
The method of claim 1,

The cognitive and memory capacity calculation unit

An analysis target image extracting unit for extracting each analysis target image from the cognitive drawing image, the immediate memory drawing image, and the delayed memory drawing image;

A size ratio adjusting unit configured to adjust the extracted analysis target image to a size ratio of the original image;

A comparison image generator for generating a comparison image by overlapping the analysis target image and the original image;

A comparison image binarization unit for binarizing the comparison image using overlapping pixel values; And

A cognitive and memory test device comprising a cognitive memory capacity calculation unit that calculates cognitive ability, immediate memory capacity, and delayed memory capacity using pixel values of the binarized comparison image.
The method of claim 2,

And a filter applying unit configured to apply a filter to the analysis target image adjusted to the size ratio of the original image to widen the drawing area.
The method of claim 2,

The cognitive memory capacity calculation unit

A cognitive and memory test device for calculating cognitive ability, immediate memory capacity and delayed memory capacity using the average value of the pixel values.
The method of claim 1,

And a drawing information storage unit for extracting and storing the drawing coordinates of the cognitive drawing image, the immediate memory drawing image, and the delayed memory drawing image, the drawing time, and the pen pressure information given to the drawing pen, and storing the drawing image.
In the cognitive and memory test method,

Inputting a cognitive drawing image that is drawn along while viewing the original image;

Inputting an immediate memory drawing image drawn as soon as it is memorized in a state where the original image is not visible;

Inputting a delayed memory drawing image as memorized after a preset time;

Comparing the input cognitive drawing image, the instantaneous memory drawing image, and the delayed memory drawing image with the original image to calculate cognitive ability, immediate memory ability, and delayed memory ability; And

Determining whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is determined using the calculated cognitive ability, immediate memory ability and local memory ability.
The method of claim 6,

Calculating the cognitive ability, instant memory ability and delayed memory ability

Extracting respective analysis target images from the cognitive drawing image, the instantaneous memory drawing image, and the delayed memory drawing image;

Adjusting the extracted analysis target image to a size ratio of the original image;

Generating a comparison image by overlapping the analysis target image with the original image;

Binarizing the comparison image using overlapping pixel values; And

Calculating the cognitive ability, immediate memory capacity, and delayed memory capacity using the pixel values of the binarized comparison image.
The method of claim 7, wherein

Adjusting the extracted analysis target image to a size ratio of the original image and then inverting colors of the drawing area and the background; And

And spreading a drawing area by applying a Gaussian filter to the analysis target image adjusted to the ratio of the size of the original image.
The method of claim 7, wherein

Binarizing the comparison image by using the overlapping pixel values

A method of cognitive and memory testing that squares the pixel value or applies a root to maximize the result.
The method of claim 7, wherein

The step of determining whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using the calculated cognitive ability, instant memory ability and local memory ability is

A cognitive and memory test method for determining whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is determined by comparing the calculated cognitive ability with a preset cognitive ability reference value or by comparing the calculated delayed memory ability with a preset delayed memory ability reference value.
The method of claim 7, wherein

The step of determining whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using the calculated cognitive ability, instant memory ability and local memory ability is

A cognitive and memory test method that determines whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is based on the difference between cognitive and immediate memory, and between immediate and delayed memory.
A computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a computer program for executing the recognition and memory test method according to any one of claims 6 to 11.