WO2018166209A1 - 显示器件、显示装置和显示方法 - Google Patents

显示器件、显示装置和显示方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018166209A1
WO2018166209A1 PCT/CN2017/107863 CN2017107863W WO2018166209A1 WO 2018166209 A1 WO2018166209 A1 WO 2018166209A1 CN 2017107863 W CN2017107863 W CN 2017107863W WO 2018166209 A1 WO2018166209 A1 WO 2018166209A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
grating structure
crystal grating
mode
display device
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PCT/CN2017/107863
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李忠孝
陈小川
赵文卿
王倩
杨明
陈祯祐
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
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Priority to US15/779,712 priority Critical patent/US10712611B2/en
Publication of WO2018166209A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018166209A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/1323—Arrangements for providing a switchable viewing angle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G02F1/133607—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members the light controlling member including light directing or refracting elements, e.g. prisms or lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/30—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 grating

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to a display device, a display device, and a display method.
  • liquid crystal display technology has become the mainstream display technology in the market, and has been able to meet the needs of users in various aspects such as pixel resolution, response time, and screen size.
  • special display modes are required to meet the specific needs of the user. For example, in an office environment or other private environment, the screen is required to be visible only to the user and not visible to others. This is the anti-spy display mode. For example, in other cases, many people need to be able to see the screen, which is the shared display mode.
  • a display device comprises: a backlight module; a display module; and a liquid crystal grating structure, wherein the liquid crystal grating structure is disposed between the backlight module and the display module.
  • the liquid crystal grating structure has a divergent mode and a non-divergent mode.
  • the liquid crystal grating structure diverges light from the backlight module.
  • the non-diverging mode the liquid crystal grating structure does not diverge light from the backlight module.
  • the liquid crystal grating structure includes: a lower substrate; a plurality of lower electrodes, the plurality of lower electrodes are arranged in parallel on the upper surface of the lower substrate; a liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal layer is disposed on the lower substrate and the a plurality of lower electrodes; an upper substrate disposed on the liquid crystal layer; and a plurality of upper electrodes arranged in parallel at a lower surface of the upper substrate, and The plurality of lower electrodes are in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the divergent mode there is a voltage difference between the upper and lower electrodes of the liquid crystal grating structure.
  • the non-diverging mode there is no voltage difference between the upper and lower electrodes of the liquid crystal grating structure.
  • the distance between any two adjacent lower electrodes is equal, and the distance between any two adjacent upper electrodes is equal.
  • the distance between two adjacent lower electrodes is equal to the width of the lower electrode
  • the distance between two adjacent upper electrodes is equal to the width of the upper electrode
  • the distance between the centers of any two adjacent lower electrodes and the distance between the centers of any two adjacent upper electrodes is 1.5-3.5 microns.
  • the distance between the centers of any two adjacent lower electrodes and the distance between the centers of any two adjacent upper electrodes is 1.5 microns.
  • the optical path difference of the electrode region of the liquid crystal grating structure in which the upper and lower electrodes are disposed and the non-electrode region in which the upper and lower electrodes are not disposed is a half wavelength of incident light or incident light.
  • the liquid crystal layer is formed of an electrically controlled birefringence type liquid crystal.
  • the display module includes: an array substrate and a counter substrate disposed opposite to each other, the array substrate is disposed closer to the liquid crystal grating structure than the opposite substrate; and a liquid crystal layer is disposed, Between the array substrate and the opposite substrate; a lower polarizer disposed on a side of the array substrate away from the opposite substrate; and an upper polarizer disposed away from the array substrate on the opposite substrate One side.
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal grating structure are disposed such that the long axis direction coincides with the transmission axis direction of the lower polarizer of the display module.
  • the greater the voltage difference between the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the liquid crystal grating structure, the angle of light from the backlight module after passing through the liquid crystal grating structure The larger the range.
  • the display device further includes a backlight collimating structure disposed between the liquid crystal grating structure and the backlight module.
  • the display device includes the display device as described above.
  • the display device includes a backlight module, a display module, and a liquid crystal grating structure, and the liquid crystal grating structure is disposed on the backlight Between the source module and the display module.
  • the display method includes determining a display mode selected from a privacy mode and a sharing mode, and adjusting an operation mode of the liquid crystal grating structure based on the determined display mode.
  • the liquid crystal grating structure adopts a non-distributed mode.
  • the liquid crystal grating structure adopts a divergent mode.
  • the liquid crystal grating structure includes: a lower substrate; a plurality of lower electrodes, the plurality of lower electrodes are arranged in parallel on the upper surface of the lower substrate; a liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal layer is disposed on the lower substrate and the a plurality of lower electrodes; an upper substrate disposed on the liquid crystal layer; and a plurality of upper electrodes arranged in parallel at a lower surface of the upper substrate, and A plurality of lower electrodes are in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the display method includes: causing a voltage difference between an upper electrode and a lower electrode of the liquid crystal grating structure such that the liquid crystal grating structure is in a divergent mode; or between an upper electrode and a lower electrode of the liquid crystal grating structure There is no voltage difference, so that the liquid crystal grating structure is in a non-diverging mode.
  • the optical path difference of the electrode region of the liquid crystal grating structure in which the upper and lower electrodes are disposed and the non-electrode region in which the upper and lower electrodes are not disposed is a half wavelength of incident light or incident light.
  • the greater the voltage difference between the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the liquid crystal grating structure, the angle of light from the backlight module after passing through the liquid crystal grating structure The larger the range.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2(a) is a schematic structural diagram of a display module of a display device according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2(b) is a schematic structural view of a liquid crystal grating structure of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an initial state in which a liquid crystal is a positive EBC liquid crystal in a liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal grating structure of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is another schematic structural view of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a liquid crystal layer in a liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal grating structure of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a display method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiments of the present invention propose a display device.
  • a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • the display device includes a backlight module 100, a liquid crystal grating structure 300, and a display module 200.
  • the liquid crystal grating structure 300 is disposed between the backlight module 100 and the display module 200.
  • the liquid crystal grating structure 300 has a divergent mode and a non-divergent mode.
  • the liquid crystal grating structure 300 in the divergent mode diverges the light from the backlight module 100 to increase the illumination range, so that the display device is in the shared display mode; the liquid crystal grating structure 300 in the non-divergent mode is from the backlight module.
  • the light of 100 does not diverge so that its illumination range does not change, so that the display device is in the anti-spy display mode.
  • the backlight module 100 may adopt a side-in structure, that is, the backlight module may include a light guide plate and a light source disposed at a side of the light guide plate.
  • the backlight module with a side-in structure can reduce the thickness of the backlight module and reduce the energy consumption of the display device.
  • the backlight module 100 can adopt a direct type structure, that is, the backlight module can include a light guide plate and a light source disposed under the light guide plate.
  • the structure of the display module 200 is not particularly limited as long as the display module can effectively enable the display device to perform a display function.
  • the display module 200 includes: an array substrate 201 and a counter substrate 202 disposed opposite to each other, and the array substrate 201 is disposed closer to the liquid crystal grating structure 300 than the opposite substrate 202; Display liquid crystal layer 203, disposed between the array substrate 201 and the opposite substrate 202; a lower polarizer 204 disposed on a side of the array substrate 201 away from the opposite substrate 202; and an upper polarizer 205 disposed away from the array of the opposite substrate 202 One side of the substrate 201.
  • an array of thin film transistors is provided on the array substrate 201.
  • a pixel electrode 206 connected to a thin film transistor is disposed on the array substrate 201, and a common electrode 207, a pixel electrode 206, and a pixel electrode 206 are disposed on the array substrate 201 and/or the opposite substrate 202.
  • An electric field is formed between the common electrodes 207 to drive the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer 203 to be deflected, thereby realizing display.
  • the common electrode 207 is disposed on the counter substrate 202 as an example; however, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the common electrode 207 is disposed on the array substrate 201.
  • a portion of the common electrode 207 is disposed on the array substrate 201, and another portion of the common electrode 207 is disposed on the opposite substrate 202.
  • the display module 200 is taken as an example of the liquid crystal display module; however, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the structure of the liquid crystal grating structure 300 is not particularly limited as long as the liquid crystal grating structure has a divergent mode and a non-divergent mode.
  • the liquid crystal grating structure 300 may include a lower substrate 310, a plurality of lower electrodes 320, a liquid crystal layer 330, a plurality of upper electrodes 340, and an upper substrate 350 in order from bottom to top;
  • the electrodes 320 are arranged in parallel on the upper surface of the lower substrate 310.
  • the liquid crystal layer 330 is disposed on the lower substrate 310 and the plurality of lower electrodes 320.
  • the upper substrate 350 is disposed on the liquid crystal layer 330, and the plurality of upper electrodes 340 are arranged in parallel on the upper substrate 350.
  • the lower surface, the plurality of upper electrodes 340 are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of lower electrodes 320.
  • the lower electrode 320 and the upper electrode 340 are in one-to-one correspondence and aligned with each other, that is, the projection of each of the upper electrodes 340 on the lower substrate 310 and the lower electrode 320 corresponding thereto completely overlap each other.
  • liquid crystal grating structure 300 in the non-diverging mode, there is no voltage difference between the upper and lower electrodes, and the light from the backlight module 100 directly passes through the liquid crystal grating structure 300 without being diverged, thereby realizing the anti-spy display mode of the display device. .
  • in the above-described liquid crystal grating structure 300 in the diverging mode, there is a voltage difference between the upper and lower electrodes, so that the liquid crystal molecules in the electrode regions provided with the upper and lower electrodes are deflected at a specific angle, so that the light emitted by the backlight module is emitted. The range of angles becomes larger, thereby achieving a shared display mode of the display device.
  • both the lower substrate 310 and the upper substrate 350 are formed of a transparent material.
  • the upper electrode 340 and the lower electrode 320 are each formed of a transparent conductive material.
  • the shape of the lower electrode 320 and the upper electrode 340 is not particularly limited as long as the lower electrode 320 and the upper electrode 340 can be accurately aligned to enable the portion of the liquid crystal layer 330 corresponding to the electrode region.
  • the liquid crystal molecules can be deflected.
  • the lower electrode 320 and the upper electrode 340 may both be strip electrodes.
  • the shape of the strip electrode is simple and easy to process, so that the control of the range of the angle of the outgoing light of the display device in the left and right direction of the user can be realized.
  • the strip-shaped lower electrode 320 and the upper electrode 340 extend in a direction parallel to the edges of the display device on the left and right sides of the user.
  • the plurality of lower electrodes 320 are arranged equidistantly, and the plurality of upper electrodes 340 are also arranged equidistantly, that is, referring to FIG. 2, the distance D1 between any two adjacent lower electrodes 320 is equal, any two The distance D2 between adjacent upper electrodes 340 is equal.
  • the strip-shaped upper electrodes 340 and the parallel-arranged lower electrodes 320 arranged in parallel are equidistantly arranged, thereby ensuring accurate alignment between each pair of lower electrodes 320 and upper electrodes 340.
  • the electrode region of the liquid crystal grating structure 300 provided with the electrode and the non-electrode region where the electrode is not provided exhibit different optical paths, thereby enabling the liquid crystal grating structure 300 to have between the upper and lower electrodes.
  • the state of the voltage difference it is equivalent to a grating structure, and the effect of diverging the incident light passing through the liquid crystal grating structure 300 can be realized, so that the shared display mode can be realized.
  • the ratio of the width L1 of the lower electrode 320 and the distance P1 between the centers of the adjacent two lower electrodes 320 or the electrode width L2 of the upper electrode 340 and the adjacent two upper electrodes 320 is referred to as a duty ratio, and the magnitude of the duty ratio is not particularly limited as long as the duty ratio enables the liquid crystal grating structure 300 to have a voltage difference between the upper and lower electrodes.
  • the emitted light of the backlight module 100 may have a diverging effect.
  • the duty ratio may be 50%, that is, the distance D1 between the adjacent two lower electrodes 320 is equal to the width L1 of the lower electrode 320, and the distance between the adjacent two upper electrodes 340. D2 is equal to the width L2 of the upper electrode 340.
  • the voltage signals respectively applied to the lower electrode 320 and the upper electrode 340 are not particularly limited as long as the voltage signal enables the liquid crystal grating structure 300 to have a voltage difference between the upper and lower electrodes to the backlight mode.
  • the emitted light of the group 100 has a diverging effect.
  • the upper electrode 340 is loaded with the same voltage as the voltage applied to the common electrode 270, such as a common voltage of 0V.
  • the voltage applied to the lower electrode 320 can be It is an arbitrary voltage which has a voltage difference between the upper and lower electrodes, for example, a square wave voltage of ⁇ Vop.
  • the pitch of the lower electrode 320 i.e., the distance between the centers of the adjacent two lower electrodes 320
  • the pitch of the upper electrode 340 i.e., between the centers of the adjacent two upper electrodes 340
  • the distance is not particularly limited as long as the pitch enables the liquid crystal grating structure 300 to have a diverging effect on the emitted light of the backlight module 100 in a state where a voltage difference between the upper and lower electrodes is present.
  • the pitch of the lower electrode 320 of the liquid crystal grating structure 300 and the pitch of the upper electrode 340 may be 1.5-3.5 microns.
  • the liquid crystal grating structure 300 adopting the above-mentioned pitch range can have a good diverging effect on visible light in a state of having a voltage difference between the lower electrodes on the water, thereby effectively realizing the shared display mode.
  • the pitch of the lower electrode 320 of the liquid crystal grating structure 300 and the pitch of the upper electrode 340 may be 1.5 ⁇ m; thus, the liquid crystal grating structure 300 can have a wavelength of 380 to 760 nm in a state of having a voltage difference between the upper and lower electrodes.
  • the range of visible light has a good divergence effect, which effectively achieves a shared display mode.
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal grating structure 300 is not particularly limited as long as the thickness enables the liquid crystal grating structure 300 to diverge toward the emitted light of the backlight module 100 in a state where a voltage difference between the upper and lower electrodes is present. The effect is fine.
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal grating structure 300 needs to satisfy the optical path difference of the electrode region in which the electrode is disposed and the non-electrode region in which the electrode is not disposed in the state where the voltage difference between the upper and lower electrodes is in the incident light.
  • the half wavelength or the half wavelength of the incident light is the sum of the integer multiples of the wavelength of the incident light.
  • the liquid crystal grating structure 300 having the above thickness in a state where there is a voltage difference between the upper and lower electrodes, the light emitted through the grating can be diffracted, whereby the diverging effect of the emitted light is better.
  • the specific material of the liquid crystal layer 330 is not particularly limited as long as the liquid crystal material enables the liquid crystal grating structure 300 to have a light emission to the backlight module 100 in a state where a voltage difference between the upper and lower electrodes is present.
  • the divergence effect can be.
  • the liquid crystal layer 330 is formed of an electrically controlled birefringence (ECB) liquid crystal.
  • ECB electrically controlled birefringence
  • the liquid crystal molecules are disposed such that the long axis direction coincides with the transmission axis direction of the lower polarizer 204 of the display module 200 to achieve a diverging effect and a display function.
  • the liquid crystal layer 330 may be formed of a positive ECB liquid crystal.
  • the pretilt angle of the initial state of the liquid crystal molecules 3 (that is, the angle between the liquid crystal molecules 3 and the substrates 310, 350 in the initial state) is 0 degrees, and the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules 3 is parallel to the upper electrode 340 and The extending direction of the lower electrode 320.
  • the backlight module 200 emits natural light. Referring to FIG. 3, it can be considered that the natural light is composed of horizontally polarized light and vertically polarized light, and the light propagation direction is the propagation direction of the vertical paper surface.
  • the refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules 3 to the horizontally polarized light is no, and the refractive index of the vertically polarized light is ne, and the natural light can normally pass through the liquid crystal.
  • the grating structure 300 is not diverged, and the anti-spy display mode is realized. At this time, the liquid crystal grating structure 300 does not have a diverging effect on the light from the backlight module 200.
  • the liquid crystal molecules between the upper electrode 340 and the lower electrode 320 are deflected by the electric field, and the liquid crystal gradually appears.
  • the erecting is parallel to the direction of light propagation.
  • the liquid crystal molecules are less affected, and the liquid crystal molecules 3 are not erected and remain substantially in an initial state.
  • the refractive index is non-noise everywhere, and the light is normally transmitted.
  • the refractive index is different in the electrode region and the non-electrode region, and the optical path difference is different. Equivalent to the grating structure, the vertical polarized light is angularly deflected, so that the divergence angle becomes larger, and the shared display mode is realized. It should be noted that since the transmission direction of the lower polarizing plate of the display device is parallel to the long-axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules, the horizontally polarized light cannot pass through the display device.
  • the liquid crystal layer 330 may be formed of a negative ECB liquid crystal.
  • the pretilt angle of the initial state of the liquid crystal molecules 3 is 90 degrees, and the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules 3 is perpendicular to the extending direction of the upper electrode 340 and the lower electrode 320.
  • the refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules 3 to the horizontally polarized light is no, and the refractive index of the vertically polarized light is no, from the backlight module 100.
  • the natural light can normally pass through the liquid crystal grating structure 300 without being diverged, thereby realizing the anti-spy display mode.
  • the liquid crystal molecules between the upper electrode 340 and the lower electrode 320 are deflected by the electric field, and the liquid crystal gradually becomes horizontal.
  • the liquid crystal molecules are less affected, and the liquid crystal molecules 3 are not in a horizontal state and remain substantially in an initial state.
  • the refractive index is non-noise everywhere, and the light is normally transmitted.
  • the refractive index is different in the electrode region and the non-electrode region, and the optical path difference is different. Equivalent to the grating structure, the vertical polarized light is angularly deflected, so that the divergence angle becomes larger, and the shared display mode is realized. It should be noted that since the transmission direction of the lower polarizing plate of the display device is parallel to the long-axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules, the horizontally polarized light cannot pass through the display device.
  • the lower substrate 310, the upper substrate 350, the lower electrode 320, and the upper electrode 340 of the liquid crystal grating structure 300 are all formed of a transparent material, so that the entire liquid crystal is not present in a state where there is no voltage difference between the lower electrode 320 and the upper electrode 340.
  • the grating structures 300 are all light transmissive and have a first transmittance. In a state where there is a voltage difference between the lower electrode 320 and the upper electrode 340, the entire liquid crystal grating structure 300 is also light transmissive, that is, the electrode region and the non-electrode region of the liquid crystal grating structure 300 are both light transmissive;
  • the liquid crystal grating structure 300 has a second light transmittance.
  • the second light transmittance is substantially the same as the first light transmittance.
  • the optical path difference is a sum of a half wavelength of the incident light or a half wavelength of the incident light and an integral multiple of the wavelength of the incident light.
  • the display device may further include a backlight collimating structure 400 disposed between the liquid crystal grating structure 300 and the backlight module 200.
  • the backlight collimating structure 400 the divergence angle of the light emitted by the backlight module 200 can be limited to a certain small angle range, so that the anti-spy display in the small angle range of the display device can be better realized. mode.
  • the specific structure of the backlight collimating structure 400 is not particularly limited as long as the backlight collimating structure 400 can effectively limit the divergence angle of the light emitted by the backlight module 200 to a certain small angle range.
  • the backlight collimating structure 400 is a peeping film produced by 3M Company.
  • the angular range of the outgoing light of the backlight module 200 after passing through the backlight collimating structure 400 is not particularly limited.
  • the angle of the exit light of the backlight module 200 after passing through the backlight collimating structure 400 may range from -30° to 30°. The design allows the display device to protect personal privacy in the anti-spy display mode.
  • the range of the divergence angle of the emitted light after passing through the backlight collimating structure 400 and the liquid crystal grating structure in the divergent mode is not particularly limited, that is, the sharing angle range of the display device may be according to the use requirements of the display device.
  • the divergence angle of the outgoing light after passing through the backlight collimating structure 400 and the liquid crystal grating structure in the divergent mode may range from -60 to 60. The design allows the display device to share display information with multiple people in a shared display mode.
  • a display device in which a liquid crystal grating structure is disposed between a backlight module and a display module.
  • the display device can be switched between different display modes, and the switching operation is simple, the cost is low, and the potential of industrial mass production is obtained.
  • an embodiment of the invention provides a display device.
  • the display device comprises the display device described above.
  • the display device has all of the features and advantages of the display device described above, and will not be further described herein.
  • the type of the display device is not limited, and may be any device, device, or the like that can implement a display function.
  • the display device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a television set, a computer display, a game machine, a wearable device, and a living room, a home appliance, or the like having a display panel.
  • the display device may further comprise other necessary components and components constituting the conventional display device, for example, a mobile phone is taken as an example, and may further include a touch screen, a fingerprint recognition module,
  • the camera module, the battery, the CPU, the mobile phone casing, and the like constitute the necessary structures and components of the conventional mobile phone, and those skilled in the art can select according to the usage of the specific display device, and details are not described herein again.
  • a display device is proposed. Since the display device can switch between different display modes, the display mode of the display device is increased, which can satisfy the user's anti-peeping demand in a private environment. Moreover, the sharing mode in other occasions can be realized, thereby meeting the different viewing needs of the user of the display device.
  • an embodiment of the invention provides a display method of a display device.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a display method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the structure of the display device can be referred to FIG. 1 .
  • the display device includes a backlight module 100 , a display module 200 , and a liquid crystal grating structure 300 .
  • the liquid crystal grating structure 300 is disposed on the backlight module 100 . Between the display module 200 and the display module 200.
  • the display method may include:
  • S100 Determine a display mode, and the display mode is selected from a privacy mode and a sharing mode.
  • the display mode is determined according to the environmental requirements of the user of the display device. For example, in a private environment, the display mode of the display device is required to be a privacy mode, and in other cases, the display device needs to be shared with others, and the display mode of the display device is required to be a shared mode.
  • step S200 Adjust an operation mode of the liquid crystal grating structure based on the display mode determined in step S100.
  • the operating mode of the liquid crystal grating structure 300 of the display device is further adjusted, thereby implementing the anti-spy mode or the sharing mode of the display device.
  • the liquid crystal grating structure employs a non-diverging mode for the anti-spy mode.
  • the divergence angle thereof can be limited to a certain small angle range, thereby realizing the anti-spy display mode in a small angle range of the display device.
  • the liquid crystal grating structure 300 is in a non-diverging mode, and the emitted light passes through the liquid crystal grating structure 300 to maintain a small angle of divergence angle range, thereby realizing the anti-spy mode of the display device.
  • the liquid crystal grating structure employs a divergent mode for the sharing mode.
  • the light exiting through the backlight collimating structure 400 is in a small angular range, and at this time, the liquid crystal grating structure 300 is in a divergent mode, and the emitted light can be diverged into a large angle range, thereby realizing the sharing mode of the display device.
  • the operation mode of adjusting the structure of the liquid crystal grating can be realized by adjusting the voltage applied to the structure of the liquid crystal grating.
  • the liquid crystal grating structure 300 may include a lower substrate 310, a plurality of lower electrodes 320, a liquid crystal layer 330, a plurality of upper electrodes 340, and an upper substrate 350 in order from bottom to top; wherein the plurality of lower electrodes 320 are arranged in parallel at intervals
  • the upper surface of the substrate 310, the liquid crystal layer 330 is disposed on the lower substrate 310 and the plurality of lower electrodes 320.
  • the upper substrate 350 is disposed on the liquid crystal layer 330, and the plurality of upper electrodes 340 are arranged in parallel on the lower surface of the upper substrate 350, and The upper electrode 340 has a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of lower electrodes 320.
  • the liquid crystal grating structure 300 in the non-diverging mode, there is no voltage difference between the upper and lower electrodes, and the light from the backlight module 100 directly passes through the liquid crystal grating structure 300 without being diverged, thereby realizing the anti-spy display mode of the display device. .
  • liquid crystal grating structure 300 in the diverging mode, there is a voltage difference between the upper and lower electrodes, so that liquid crystal molecules in the electrode regions provided with the upper and lower electrodes are deflected at a specific angle, so that the backlight
  • the range of the angle of the light emitted by the module is increased, thereby realizing the shared display mode of the display device.
  • the voltage difference between the upper and lower electrodes of the liquid crystal grating structure is sufficient to deflect the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal grating structure.
  • the voltage difference between the upper and lower electrodes of the liquid crystal grating structure is zero.
  • a display method which can adjust a working mode of a liquid crystal grating structure by determining a display mode, thereby realizing that the display device is in a peep prevention mode or a sharing mode, thereby enabling the display device to satisfy different users. Random switching of display modes between environmental usage requirements.

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Abstract

一种显示器件、显示装置和显示方法，显示器件包括：背光源模组（100）；显示模组（200）；液晶光栅结构（300），设置在背光源模组（100）和显示模组（200）之间。通过对液晶光栅结构（300）的控制，可实现显示器件在防窥模式和共享模式之间的切换，切换操作简单、成本低。

Description

显示器件、显示装置和显示方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2017年3月17日递交的第201710161143.4号中国专利申请的优先权，在此全文引用上述中国专利申请公开的内容以作为本申请的一部分。
技术领域
本发明的实施例涉及显示器件、显示装置和显示方法。
背景技术
目前，液晶显示技术已经成为市场主流显示技术，在像素分辨率、响应时间、屏幕尺寸等多个方面已经能够满足使用者的需求。但是，在一些特殊的显示环境下，需要特殊的显示模式以满足使用者特定的需求。例如，在办公环境中或者其它私密环境中，需要屏幕仅供使用者自己可见，而他人不可见，这就是防窥显示模式。例如，在另一些情况下，需要许多人都能看见屏幕，也就是共享显示模式。
发明内容
根据本发明的实施例，提供一种显示器件。该显示器件包括：背光源模组；显示模组；液晶光栅结构，所述液晶光栅结构设置在所述背光源模组和所述显示模组之间。
例如，所述液晶光栅结构具有发散模式和非发散模式。在发散模式下，所述液晶光栅结构对来自所述背光源模组的光进行发散。在非发散模式下，所述液晶光栅结构对来自所述背光源模组的光不进行发散。
例如，所述液晶光栅结构包括：下基板；多个下电极，所述多个下电极平行间隔排列于所述下基板的上表面；液晶层，所述液晶层设置在所述下基板和所述多个下电极上；上基板，所述上基板设置在所述液晶层上；以及多个上电极，所述多个上电极平行间隔排列于所述上基板的下表面，并且与所 述多个下电极一一对应。在发散模式下，所述液晶光栅结构的上电极和下电极之间具有电压差。在非发散模式下，所述液晶光栅结构的上电极和下电极之间不具有电压差。
例如，任意相邻两个所述下电极之间的距离相等，任意相邻两个所述上电极之间的距离相等。
例如，相邻两个所述下电极之间的距离与所述下电极的宽度相等，相邻两个所述上电极之间的距离与所述上电极的宽度相等。
例如，任意相邻两个所述下电极的中心之间的距离以及任意相邻两个所述上电极的中心之间的距离是1.5-3.5微米。
例如，任意相邻两个所述下电极的中心之间的距离以及任意相邻两个所述上电极的中心之间的距离是1.5微米。
例如，在发散模式下，所述液晶光栅结构的设置有所述上、下电极的电极区域与未设置所述上、下电极的非电极区域的光程差为入射光的半波长或入射光的半波长与入射光的波长的整数倍之和。
例如，所述液晶层由电控双折射型液晶形成。
例如，所述显示模组包括：彼此相对设置的阵列基板和对置基板，与所述对置基板相比所述阵列基板设置得更靠近所述液晶光栅结构；显示液晶层，设置在所述阵列基板和所述对置基板之间；下偏光片，设置在所述阵列基板的远离所述对置基板的一侧；以及上偏光片，设置在所述对置基板的远离所述阵列基板的一侧。所述液晶光栅结构的液晶层中的液晶分子设置为长轴方向与所述显示模组的下偏光片的透过轴方向一致。
例如，在发散模式下，所述液晶光栅结构的所述上电极和所述下电极之间的电压差越大，来自所述背光源模组的光在经过所述液晶光栅结构之后具有的角度范围越大。
例如，所述显示器件还包括：背光准直结构，所述背光准直结构设置在所述液晶光栅结构和所述背光源模组之间。
根据本发明的实施例，还提供一种显示装置。该显示装置包括如上所述的显示器件。
根据本发明的实施例，还一种显示器件的显示方法。所述显示器件包括背光源模组、显示模组和液晶光栅结构，所述液晶光栅结构设置在所述背光 源模组和所述显示模组之间。所述显示方法包括：确定显示模式，所述显示模式选自防窥模式和共享模式；基于所确定的所述显示模式，调整所述液晶光栅结构的工作模式。针对所述防窥模式，所述液晶光栅结构采用非发散模式。针对所述共享模式，所述液晶光栅结构采用发散模式。
例如，所述液晶光栅结构包括：下基板；多个下电极，所述多个下电极平行间隔排列于所述下基板的上表面；液晶层，所述液晶层设置在所述下基板和所述多个下电极上；上基板，所述上基板设置在所述液晶层上；以及多个上电极，所述多个上电极平行间隔排列于所述上基板的下表面，并且与所述多个下电极一一对应。所述显示方法包括：使所述液晶光栅结构的上电极和下电极之间具有电压差，从而使所述液晶光栅结构处于发散模式；或者使所述液晶光栅结构的上电极和下电极之间不具有电压差，从而使所述液晶光栅结构处于非发散模式。
例如，在发散模式下，所述液晶光栅结构的设置有所述上、下电极的电极区域与未设置所述上、下电极的非电极区域的光程差为入射光的半波长或入射光的半波长与入射光的波长的整数倍之和。
例如，在发散模式下，所述液晶光栅结构的所述上电极和所述下电极之间的电压差越大，来自所述背光源模组的光在经过所述液晶光栅结构之后具有的角度范围越大。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述的附图仅仅涉及本发明的一些实施例，而非对本发明的限制。
图1是根据本发明实施例的显示器件的结构示意图；
图2(a)是根据本发明实施例的显示器件的显示模组的结构示意图；
图2(b)是根据本发明实施例的显示器件的液晶光栅结构的结构示意图；
图3是根据本发明实施例的显示器件的液晶光栅结构的液晶层中液晶为正性EBC液晶的初始状态的横剖面示意图；
图4是根据本发明实施例的显示器件的另一结构示意图；
图5是根据本发明实施例的显示器件的液晶光栅结构的液晶层中液晶为 负性ECB液晶的初始状态的纵剖面示意图；以及
图6是根据本发明实施例的显示方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图，对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的实施例提出了一种显示器件。下面，参照图1～4，对根据本发明实施例的显示器件进行详细的描述。
根据本发明的实施例，参考图1，该显示器件包括：背光源模组100、液晶光栅结构300和显示模组200。例如，液晶光栅结构300设置在背光源模组100和显示模组200之间。
例如，液晶光栅结构300具有发散模式和非发散模式。发散模式下的液晶光栅结构300对来自背光源模组100的光进行发散而使其照射范围变大，从而显示器件处于共享显示模式；非发散模式下的液晶光栅结构300对来自背光源模组100的光不进行发散而使其照射范围不变，从而显示器件处于防窥显示模式。
根据本发明的实施例，对背光源模组100的具体结构不进行特别的限制，只要该背光源模组100能有效地为显示模组200提供背光即可。在本发明的一些实施例中，背光源模组100可以采用侧入式结构，也就是，背光源模组可包括导光板和设置在该导光板侧边的光源。采用侧入式结构的背光源模组，可使背光源模组的厚度降低、还能减少该显示器件的能耗。在本发明的一些实施例中，背光源模组100可以采用直下式结构，也就是，背光源模组可包括导光板和设置在该导光板下方的光源。
根据本发明的实施例，显示模组200的结构不进行特别的限制，只要该显示模组能有效地使该显示器件发挥显示功能即可。例如，如图2(a)所示，该显示模组200包括：彼此相对设置的阵列基板201和对置基板202，与对置基板202相比阵列基板201设置得更靠近液晶光栅结构300；显示液晶层 203，设置在阵列基板201和对置基板202之间；下偏光片204，设置在阵列基板201的远离对置基板202的一侧；以及上偏光片205，设置在对置基板202的远离阵列基板201的一侧。例如，在阵列基板201上设置有薄膜晶体管(thin film transistor,TFT)的阵列。例如，在该显示模组200中，在阵列基板201上设置有与薄膜晶体管连接的像素电极206，在该阵列基板201和/或该对置基板202上设置有公共电极207，像素电极206和公共电极207之间形成电场以驱动显示液晶层203中的液晶进行偏转，从而实现显示。
需要说明是，在图2(a)中，以公共电极207设置在对置基板202上为例进行说明；但是，本发明实施例不限于此。例如，公共电极207设置在阵列基板201上。例如，公共电极207的一部分设置在阵列基板201上，公共电极207的另一部分设置在对置基板202上。
例如，在图2(a)中，以显示模组200为液晶显示模组为例进行说明；但是，本发明实施例不限于此。
根据本发明的实施例，液晶光栅结构300的结构不进行特别的限制，只要该液晶光栅结构具有发散模式和非发散模式即可。在本发明的一些实施例中，参考图2，液晶光栅结构300可从下至上依次包括下基板310、多个下电极320、液晶层330、多个上电极340和上基板350；多个下电极320平行间隔排列于下基板310的上表面，液晶层330设置在下基板310和多个下电极320上，上基板350设置在液晶层330上，多个上电极340平行间隔排列于上基板350的下表面，多个上电极340与多个下电极320一一对应。例如，下电极320和上电极340之间一一对应且彼此对准，也就是，每个上电极340在下基板310上的投影和与其对应的下电极320彼此完全重叠。
对于上述液晶光栅结构300，在非发散模式下，上下电极之间不具有电压差，来自背光源模组100的光直接通过液晶光栅结构300而不被发散，进而实现显示器件的防窥显示模式。对于上述液晶光栅结构300，在发散模式下，上下电极之间具有电压差，使得设置有上、下电极的电极区域内的液晶分子发生特定角度的偏转，使得背光源模组发出的光的出射角度范围变大，进而实现显示器件的共享显示模式。
例如，下基板310和上基板350均由透明材料形成。例如，上电极340和下电极320均由透明导电材料形成。
根据本发明的实施例，下电极320和上电极340的形状不进行特别的限制，只要下电极320和上电极340之间能精准对位从而能实现液晶层330的与电极区域对应的部分中的液晶分子偏转即可。在本发明的一些实施例中，下电极320和上电极340可以都是条状电极。条状电极的形状简单、易于加工，从而可实现对显示器件在使用者左右方向上的出射光角度范围的控制。例如，条状的下电极320和上电极340的延伸方向与显示器件的位于使用者左右侧的边缘平行。
根据本发明的实施例，多个下电极320是等距排列，且多个上电极340也是等距排列，即参考图2，任意相邻两个下电极320之间的距离D1相等，任意两个相邻上电极340之间的距离D2相等。如此，平行排列的条状的上电极340和平行排列的下电极320均是等距排列，从而可保证每对下电极320和上电极340之间是精准对位的。通过控制上下电极之间的电压差可使液晶光栅结构300的设置有电极的电极区域和未设置电极的非电极区域表现出不同的光程，进而能使液晶光栅结构300在上下电极之间具有电压差的状态下等效为光栅结构，可对通过液晶光栅结构300的入射光实现发散的效果，如此可实现共享显示模式。
根据本发明的实施例，参考图2，下电极320的宽度L1和相邻两个下电极320的中心之间的距离P1的比值或者上电极340的电极宽度L2与相邻两个上电极320的中心之间的距离P2的比值称为占空比，该占空比的大小不受特别的限制，只要该占空比能使液晶光栅结构300在上下电极之间具有电压差的状态下对背光源模组100的发射光具有发散效果即可。在本发明的一些实施例中，占空比可以为50％，即相邻两个下电极320之间的距离D1与下电极320的宽度L1相等，相邻两个上电极340之间的距离D2与上电极340的宽度L2相等。如此，采用占空比为50％的电极排布方式，能使液晶光栅结构300的发散效果最佳，以更好地实现共享显示模式。
根据本发明的实施例，下电极320和上电极340分别加载的电压信号不受特别的限制，只要该电压信号能使液晶光栅结构300在上下电极之间具有电压差的状态下对背光源模组100的发射光具有发散效果即可。在本发明的一些实施例中，上电极340加载的电压与施加在公共电极270上的电压相同，例如为0V的公共电压。在本发明的实施例中，下电极320加载的电压可以 是使上下电极之间具有电压差的任意电压，例如±Vop的方波电压。通过控制上下电极之间具有电压差，可以使液晶层330的电极区域和非电极区域表现出不同的光程，从而可使液晶光栅结构300实现光栅结构的发散效果。
例如，上电极340和下电极320之间的电压差越大，来自背光源模组100的光在经过发散模式的液晶光栅结构300之后具有的角度范围越大，发散效果越好。
根据本发明的实施例，下电极320的节距(即，相邻两个下电极320的中心之间距离)和上电极340的节距(即，相邻两个上电极340的中心之间的距离)，不受特别的限制，只要该节距能使液晶光栅结构300在上下电极之间具有电压差的状态下对背光源模组100的发射光具有发散效果即可。在本发明的一些实施例中，液晶光栅结构300的下电极320的节距和上电极340的节距可以为1.5-3.5微米。采用上述节距范围的液晶光栅结构300在水上下电极之间具有电压差的状态下能对可见光具有很好的发散效果，进而有效实现共享显示模式。例如，液晶光栅结构300的下电极320的节距和上电极340的节距可以为1.5微米；如此，该液晶光栅结构300在上下电极之间具有电压差的状态下，能对380～760nm波长范围的可见光都具有良好的发散效果，进而有效实现共享显示模式。
根据本发明的实施例，液晶光栅结构300的厚度不受特别的限制，只要该厚度能使液晶光栅结构300在上下电极之间具有电压差的状态下对背光源模组100的发射光具有发散效果即可。在本发明的一些实施例中，液晶光栅结构300的厚度需要满足在上下电极之间具有电压差的状态下其设置有电极的电极区域与其未设置电极的非电极区域的光程差为入射光的半波长或入射光的半波长与入射光的波长的整数倍之和。如此，采用上述厚度的液晶光栅结构300在上下电极之间具有电压差的状态下，经过光栅的出射光能够发生衍射，由此，出射光的发散效果更好。
根据本发明的实施例，液晶层330的具体材料不受特别的限制，只要该液晶材料能使液晶光栅结构300在上下电极之间具有电压差的状态下对背光源模组100的发射光具有发散效果即可。在本发明的一些实施例中，液晶层330由电控双折射型(ECB，Electrically Controlled Birefringence)液晶所形成。如此，在上下电极间电压差的作用下，出射光经过该ECB液晶层的电极 区与非电极区存在光程差，从而使得该液晶层等效出光栅效果。在本发明的一些示例中，将液晶分子设置为长轴方向与显示模组200的下偏光片204的透过轴方向一致，以实现发散效果和显示功能。
在本发明的一些示例中，液晶层330可以由正性的ECB液晶形成。参考图3，例如，液晶分子3的初始状态的预倾角(即初始状态下液晶分子3与基板310、350之间的夹角)为0度，液晶分子3长轴方向平行于上电极340和下电极320的延伸方向。背光源模组200发出的是自然光，参照图3，可认为自然光由水平偏振光与竖直偏振光组成，此时光线传播方向为垂直纸面的传播方向。在上下电极之间不具有电压差的状态下(即非发散模式下)，液晶分子3对水平偏振光的折射率为no，对竖直偏振光的折射率为ne，自然光可以正常透过液晶光栅结构300而不被发散，实现防窥显示模式，此时液晶光栅结构300对来自背光源模组200的光不具有发散效果。
在上下电极之间具有电压差的状态下(即发散模式下)，上电极340和下电极320之间的液晶分子(图3中被上电极340挡住)受电场影响发生偏转，表现为液晶逐渐竖起，与光传播方向平行，在未设置上下电极的非电极区域因为没有电极，液晶分子受到影响较小，液晶分子3竖起状态不明显而基本上仍然保持初始状态。此时，对于水平偏振光其折射率各处均为no，光线正常透过；对于竖直偏振光，其在电极区域和非电极区域折射率不同，表现为光程差不同，此时液晶层等效为光栅结构，竖直偏振光发生角度偏转，使得发散角变大，实现共享显示模式。需要说明的是，由于显示器件的下偏振片透过轴方向与液晶分子长轴方向平行，因此水平偏振光无法透过该显示器件。
在本发明的另一些示例中，液晶层330可以由负性的ECB液晶形成。例如，参考图5，液晶分子3的初始状态的预倾角为90度，液晶分子3长轴方向垂直于上电极340和下电极320的延伸方向。在上下电极之间不具有电压差的状态下(即非发散模式下)，液晶分子3对水平偏振光的折射率为no，对竖直偏振光的折射率为no，来自背光模组100的自然光可以正常透过液晶光栅结构300而不被发散，实现防窥显示模式。
在上下电极之间具有电压差的状态下(即发散模式下)，上电极340和下电极320之间的液晶分子受电场影响发生偏转，表现为液晶逐渐变为水平， 与光传播方向垂直，在未设置上下电极的非电极区域因为没有电极，液晶分子受到影响较小，液晶分子3水平状态不明显而基本上仍然保持初始状态。此时，对于水平偏振光其折射率各处均为no，光线正常透过；对于竖直偏振光，其在电极区域和非电极区域折射率不同，表现为光程差不同，此时液晶层等效为光栅结构，竖直偏振光发生角度偏转，使得发散角变大，实现共享显示模式。仍然需要说明的是，由于显示器件的下偏振片透过轴方向与液晶分子长轴方向平行，因此水平偏振光无法透过该显示器件。
如上所述，液晶光栅结构300的下基板310、上基板350、下电极320和上电极340均有透明材料形成，因此在下电极320和上电极340之间不具有电压差的状态下，整个液晶光栅结构300均是透光的，并且具有第一透光率。在下电极320和上电极340之间具有电压差的状态下，整个液晶光栅结构300也均是透光的，也就是液晶光栅结构300的电极区域和非电极区域均是透光的；此时，液晶光栅结构300具有第二透光率。第二透光率与第一透光率基本相同。在下电极320和上电极340之间具有电压差的状态下，经过液晶光栅结构300的电极区域的光和经过液晶光栅结构300的非电极区域的光之间存在光程差。例如，该光程差为入射光的半波长或入射光的半波长与入射光的波长的整数倍之和。
根据本发明的实施例，参考图4，该显示器件可进一步包括背光准直结构400，背光准直结构400设置在液晶光栅结构300和背光源模组200之间。如此，经过该背光准直结构400后，背光源模组200出射光的发散角可被限制在一定的小角度范围内，从而能更好地实现该显示器件的小角度范围内的防窥显示模式。
根据本发明的实施例，背光准直结构400的具体结构不受特别的限制，只要该背光准直结构400能有效地将背光源模组200出射光的发散角限定至一定的小角度范围内即可。例如，背光准直结构400为3M公司生产的防窥膜。
根据本发明的实施例，背光源模组200的出射光经过背光准直结构400后的角度范围不受特别的限制。在本发明的一些实施例，背光源模组200的出射光经过背光准直结构400后的角度范围可以为-30°～30°。如此设计，可使该显示器件在防窥显示模式下能很好地保护个人隐私。
根据本发明的实施例，经过背光准直结构400和发散模式下的液晶光栅结构后的出射光的发散角度范围不受特别的限制，即该显示器件的共享角度范围可根据显示器件的使用要求进行设计。在本发明的一些实施例，经过背光准直结构400和发散模式下的液晶光栅结构后的出射光的发散角度范围可以为-60°～60°。如此设计，可使该显示器件在共享显示模式下能很好地与多人共享显示信息。
根据本发明的实施例，提出了一种显示器件，在背光源模组和显示模组之间设置液晶光栅结构。通过对液晶光栅结构的进行控制，即可实现该显示器件在不同显示模式之间切换，且切换操作简单、成本低，具有工业化批量生产的潜力。
在本发明的另一个方面，本发明实施例提出了一种显示装置。根据本发明的实施例，该显示装置包括上述的显示器件。该显示装置具有前面所述的显示器件的所有特征和优点，在此不再一一赘述。
根据本发明的实施例，该显示装置的种类不进行限制，可以为任何可以实现显示功能的设备、装置等。在本发明的一些实施例中，该显示装置可以为手机、平板电脑、电视机、计算机显示器、游戏机、可穿戴设备及具有显示面板的生活、家用电器等。
本领域技术人员可以理解的是，除了上述显示器件，该显示装置还可以包括构成常规显示装置的其他必要的组成和部件，例如以手机为例进行说明，还可以包括触摸屏、指纹识别模组、摄像模组、电池、CPU、手机外壳，等等构成常规手机的必要结构和部件，本领域技术人员可根据具体的显示装置的使用情况进行选择，在此不再赘述。
根据本发明的实施例，提出了一种显示装置，由于其显示器件能在不同的显示模式之间切换，增加了该显示装置的显示模式种类，既可满足使用者在私密环境的防窥需求，又能实现其他场合下的共享模式，从而能满足显示装置的使用者的不同观看需求。
在本发明的另一个方面，本发明实施例提出了一种显示器件的显示方法。图6是根据本发明实施例的显示方法的流程示意图。根据本发明的实施例，该显示器件的结构可以参考图1，该显示器件包括背光源模100、显示模组200和液晶光栅结构300，其中，液晶光栅结构300设置在背光源模组100 和显示模组200之间。
根据本发明的实施例，参考图6，该显示方法可以包括：
S100：确定显示模式，该显示模式选自防窥模式和共享模式。
在该步骤中，根据该显示器件的使用者的环境要求，确定出显示模式。例如，在私密环境中，就需要该显示器件的显示模式为防窥模式，而在其他场合下需要与他人共享该显示器件，则需要该显示器件的显示模式为共享模式。
S200：基于步骤S100确定的显示模式，调整液晶光栅结构的工作模式。
在该步骤中，根据步骤S100确定出的显示模式，进而调整显示器件的液晶光栅结构300的工作模式，从而实现该显示器件的防窥模式或共享模式。
在本发明的一些实施例中，针对防窥模式，液晶光栅结构则采用非发散模式。背光源模组100发出的光经过背光准直结构400后，其发散角可被限制在一定的小角度范围内，从而能实现该显示器件的小角度范围内的防窥显示模式。此时，液晶光栅结构300为非发散模式，则出射光经过液晶光栅结构300后仍保持小角度的发散角范围，从而实现该显示器件的防窥模式。
在本发明的另一些实施例中，针对共享模式，液晶光栅结构采用发散模式。经过背光准直结构400的出射光为小角度范围，而此时液晶光栅结构300为发散模式，可将出射光发散为大角度范围，从而实现该显示装置的共享模式。
根据本发明的实施例，调整液晶光栅结构的工作模式，可以是通过调节施加在液晶光栅结构上的电压而实现的。参考图2，液晶光栅结构300可从下至上依次包括下基板310、多个下电极320、液晶层330、多个上电极340和上基板350；其中，多个下电极320平行间隔排列于下基板310的上表面，液晶层330设置在下基板310和多个下电极320上，上基板350设置在液晶层330上，多个上电极340平行间隔排列于上基板350的下表面，并且对个上电极340与多个下电极320是一一对应的。对于该液晶光栅结构300，在非发散模式下，上下电极之间不具有电压差，来自背光源模组100的光直接通过液晶光栅结构300而不被发散，进而实现显示器件的防窥显示模式。对于该液晶光栅结构300，在发散模式下，上下电极之间具有电压差，使得设置有上、下电极的电极区域内的液晶分子发生特定角度的偏转，使得背光源 模组发出的光的出射角度范围变大，进而实现显示器件的共享显示模式。
在本发明的一些实施例中，针对共享显示模式，液晶光栅结构的上下电极之间的电压差足以使液晶光栅结构的液晶分子发生偏转。在本发明的另一些实施例中，针对防窥模式，液晶光栅结构的上下电极之间的电压差为零。
根据本发明的实施例，提出了一种显示方法，通过确定显示模式，调整液晶光栅结构的工作模式，从而可实现显示器件为防窥模式或者共享模式，进而使显示器件能满足使用者在不同环境使用需求之间的显示模式的随意切换。
除非另作定义，此处使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本发明专利申请说明书以及权利要求书中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。同样，“一个”、“一”或者“该”等类似词语也不表示数量限制，而是表示存在至少一个。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现在“包括”或者“包含”前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在“包括”或者“包含”后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，并不排除其他元件或者物件。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
以上所述仅是本发明的示范性实施方式，而非用于限制本发明的保护范围，本发明的保护范围由所附的权利要求确定。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种显示器件，包括：
    背光源模组；
    显示模组；
    液晶光栅结构，所述液晶光栅结构设置在所述背光源模组和所述显示模组之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的显示器件，其中，
    所述液晶光栅结构具有发散模式和非发散模式，
    在发散模式下，所述液晶光栅结构对来自所述背光源模组的光进行发散，
    在非发散模式下，所述液晶光栅结构对来自所述背光源模组的光不进行发散。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的显示器件，其中，
    所述液晶光栅结构包括：下基板；多个下电极，所述多个下电极平行间隔排列于所述下基板的上表面；液晶层，所述液晶层设置在所述下基板和所述多个下电极上；上基板，所述上基板设置在所述液晶层上；以及多个上电极，所述多个上电极平行间隔排列于所述上基板的下表面，并且与所述多个下电极一一对应，
    在发散模式下，所述液晶光栅结构的上电极和下电极之间具有电压差，
    在非发散模式下，所述液晶光栅结构的上电极和下电极之间不具有电压差。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的显示器件，其中，任意相邻两个所述下电极之间的距离相等，任意相邻两个所述上电极之间的距离相等。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的显示器件，其中，相邻两个所述下电极之间的距离与所述下电极的宽度相等，相邻两个所述上电极之间的距离与所述上电极的宽度相等。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的显示器件，其中，任意相邻两个所述下电极的中心之间的距离以及任意相邻两个所述上电极的中心之间的距离是1.5-3.5微米。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的显示器件，其中，任意相邻两个所述下电极的 中心之间的距离以及任意相邻两个所述上电极的中心之间的距离是1.5微米。
  8. 根据权利要求3-7任一项所述的显示器件，其中，在发散模式下，所述液晶光栅结构的设置有所述上、下电极的电极区域与未设置所述上、下电极的非电极区域的光程差为入射光的半波长或入射光的半波长与入射光的波长的整数倍之和。
  9. 根据权利要求3-7任一项所述的显示器件，其中，所述液晶层由电控双折射型液晶形成。
  10. 根据权利要求3-7任一项所述的显示器件，其中，
    所述显示模组包括：彼此相对设置的阵列基板和对置基板，与所述对置基板相比所述阵列基板设置得更靠近所述液晶光栅结构；显示液晶层，设置在所述阵列基板和所述对置基板之间；下偏光片，设置在所述阵列基板的远离所述对置基板的一侧；以及上偏光片，设置在所述对置基板的远离所述阵列基板的一侧，
    所述液晶光栅结构的液晶层中的液晶分子设置为长轴方向与所述显示模组的下偏光片的透过轴方向一致。
  11. 根据权利要求3-7任一项所述的显示器件，其中，在发散模式下，所述液晶光栅结构的所述上电极和所述下电极之间的电压差越大，来自所述背光源模组的光在经过所述液晶光栅结构之后具有的角度范围越大。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的显示器件，还包括：
    背光准直结构，所述背光准直结构设置在所述液晶光栅结构和所述背光源模组之间。
  13. 一种显示装置，包括权利要求1-12任一项所述的显示器件。
  14. 一种显示器件的显示方法，其中，
    所述显示器件包括背光源模组、显示模组和液晶光栅结构，所述液晶光栅结构设置在所述背光源模组和所述显示模组之间，
    所述显示方法包括：确定显示模式，所述显示模式选自防窥模式和共享模式；基于所确定的所述显示模式，调整所述液晶光栅结构的工作模式，
    针对所述防窥模式，所述液晶光栅结构采用非发散模式，
    针对所述共享模式，所述液晶光栅结构采用发散模式。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的显示方法，其中，
    所述液晶光栅结构包括：下基板；多个下电极，所述多个下电极平行间隔排列于所述下基板的上表面；液晶层，所述液晶层设置在所述下基板和所述多个下电极上；上基板，所述上基板设置在所述液晶层上；以及多个上电极，所述多个上电极平行间隔排列于所述上基板的下表面，并且与所述多个下电极一一对应，
    所述显示方法包括：使所述液晶光栅结构的上电极和下电极之间具有电压差，从而使所述液晶光栅结构处于发散模式；或者使所述液晶光栅结构的上电极和下电极之间不具有电压差，从而使所述液晶光栅结构处于非发散模式。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的显示方法，其中，
    在发散模式下，所述液晶光栅结构的设置有所述上、下电极的电极区域与未设置所述上、下电极的非电极区域的光程差为入射光的半波长或入射光的半波长与入射光的波长的整数倍之和。
  17. 根据利要求14或15所述的显示方法，其中，
    在发散模式下，所述液晶光栅结构的所述上电极和所述下电极之间的电压差越大，来自所述背光源模组的光在经过所述液晶光栅结构之后具有的角度范围越大。
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