WO2018166205A1 - 一种基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化系统及方法 Download PDF

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WO2018166205A1
WO2018166205A1 PCT/CN2017/106903 CN2017106903W WO2018166205A1 WO 2018166205 A1 WO2018166205 A1 WO 2018166205A1 CN 2017106903 W CN2017106903 W CN 2017106903W WO 2018166205 A1 WO2018166205 A1 WO 2018166205A1
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transformer
modules
winding
odd
battery pack
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张承慧
商云龙
张奇
崔纳新
段彬
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/52—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially for charge balancing, e.g. equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/56—Active balancing, e.g. using capacitor-based, inductor-based or DC-DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/52—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially for charge balancing, e.g. equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/52—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially for charge balancing, e.g. equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/54—Passive balancing, e.g. using resistors or parallel MOSFETs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a modular system and method for a battery equalizer based on a multi-winding transformer.
  • Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles because of their advantages of no memory effect, high energy density, high cell voltage and good safety.
  • a large number of lithium ion battery cells need to be used in series or in parallel.
  • the internal resistance and capacity between battery cells are not completely consistent.
  • these inconsistencies will gradually accumulate and cause imbalance of voltages of different series battery cells, which may cause overcharging or overdischarging of a certain battery cell, reducing the available capacity and circulation of the battery pack. Lifetime and even damage to the battery pack. Therefore, series battery packs require equalization circuitry to balance the inconsistencies between battery cell voltages.
  • the active equalization method is mainly based on capacitors, inductors or transformers to transfer energy from a higher voltage battery cell to a lower voltage battery cell.
  • the transformer-based equalization method has the advantages of good isolation performance, high efficiency, simple control and fast equalization speed.
  • the Chinese invention patent proposes a series battery equalization circuit based on a symmetric multi-winding transformer structure.
  • the equalization circuit only needs one control signal, and can realize automatic transmission of energy from a battery cell with a higher voltage to a battery cell with a lower voltage, and has the advantages of simple control and high balance efficiency.
  • this method requires an additional degaussing circuit (a capacitor and a magnetizing inductor to form an LC resonant circuit) to absorb and release the energy stored in the transformer when the switch is turned off. This leads to the inconsistency of the transformer windings, high circuit cost, large size and complicated design.
  • the equalization circuit can only work at a specific switching frequency and duty cycle, which complicates its design and control.
  • the equalization circuit is difficult to modularize.
  • the present invention proposes a battery pack equalizer modular system and method based on a multi-winding transformer.
  • the present invention provides a battery pack equalizer modular system based on a multi-winding transformer, which realizes in-module and odd/even modules based on forward conversion by inverse parallel connection of odd and even multi-winding transformer secondary sides The equalization between the odd and even modules and the automatic degaussing of the transformer based on the flyback transform.
  • the present invention provides a modular method for a battery pack equalizer based on a multi-winding transformer, the control method only needs A pair of complementary control signals can realize direct, automatic and simultaneous equalization of any battery cell to any battery cell in the battery pack, which greatly improves the equalization efficiency and speed, and effectively improves the battery cell. Inconsistency.
  • the invention has the advantages of high equalization efficiency, fast equalization speed, small volume, low cost, high reliability, easy modularization, simple control, and no voltage detection circuit.
  • a battery pack equalizer modular system based on a multi-winding transformer comprising a plurality of battery modules, a microcontroller, a plurality of multi-winding transformers and a plurality of MOS tubes, wherein each battery module comprises a plurality of battery cells, each One battery module is correspondingly configured with a multi-winding transformer;
  • the multi-winding transformer includes y primary windings and a secondary winding, each battery cell is connected to a drain of a MOS transistor, and a source of the MOS transistor is connected to one end of a primary winding of a multi-winding transformer. The other end of the winding is connected to the negative pole of the battery cell to form a current loop, and the microcontroller outputs two complementary PWM signals to respectively drive the MOS tubes corresponding to the primary windings of the opposite end.
  • x is the number of battery modules
  • y is the number of battery cells included in one module.
  • the secondary windings of the multi-winding transformer are connected in parallel.
  • the multi-winding transformer is divided into two groups, and the odd-numbered and even-numbered transformer secondary windings have opposite opposite ends.
  • the pulse width modulation PWM signal output terminal sends a pair of state complementary high frequency PWM signals, namely PWM+ and PWM-;
  • the pulse width modulation PWM+ signal is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor corresponding to the primary winding of the odd transformer through a driving circuit for generating a control driving signal of the group of MOS transistor switches;
  • the pulse width modulation PWM-signal is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor corresponding to the primary winding of the even transformer through a driving circuit for generating a control driving signal of the group of MOS transistor switches.
  • a modular method for battery pack equalizer based on multi-winding transformer the pulse width modulation PWM signal output end of the microcontroller sends a pair of state complementary PWM signals to respectively control the MOS tube alternately corresponding to the odd and even transformers in the multi-winding transformer
  • the equalization between the odd and even battery modules and the automatic degaussing of the transformer are realized based on the equalization between the forward conversion battery module and the odd/even battery modules or based on the flyback conversion.
  • control process includes four working modes:
  • the equalization between the module and the odd/even module is realized based on the forward transformation; the balance between the odd and even modules is realized based on the flyback transformation, thereby obtaining the entire battery pack.
  • Global equalization while automatically degaussing all transformers.
  • the control method is applied to the charging, discharging or stationary state of the battery pack.
  • the invention can realize direct equalization of any battery cell to any battery cell in the battery pack, greatly improve the equalization efficiency and the equalization speed, and can work in the charging, discharging or stationary state of the battery pack;
  • the equalization circuit provided by the invention is easy to modularize, and only the secondary windings of the plurality of multi-winding transformers are connected in parallel, thereby achieving equalization between the battery modules, eliminating the need for other outer equalization circuits and reducing the circuit volume. ;
  • 1 is a structural diagram of an equalization circuit of the present invention applied to an x*y battery pack;
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a equalization circuit of the present invention for a 2*4 battery pack
  • Figure 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between efficiency and load of the equalization circuit of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is an experimental effect diagram of eight battery cells for two battery modules.
  • a modular method for a battery pack equalizer based on a multi-winding transformer includes a x*y cell unit, a microcontroller, a plurality of multi-winding transformers, and x*y MOS tubes.
  • the multi-winding transformer includes y primary windings and one secondary winding
  • the battery cell is connected to the drain of a MOS transistor, the source of the MOS transistor is connected to one end of a primary winding of a transformer, and the other end of the winding is connected to the negative pole of the battery cell to form a current loop. ;
  • the secondary windings of the multi-winding transformer are connected in parallel;
  • the multi-winding transformer is divided into two groups, and the odd-numbered and even-number transformer secondary windings have opposite opposite end positions;
  • the microcontroller includes two pulse width modulated PWM signal outputs;
  • the pulse width modulation PWM signal output terminal sends a pair of state complementary high frequency PWM signals, namely PWM+ and PWM-;
  • the pulse width modulation PWM+ signal is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor corresponding to the primary winding of the odd transformer through a driving circuit for generating a control driving signal of the group of MOS transistor switches;
  • the pulse width modulation PWM-signal is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor corresponding to the primary winding of the even transformer through a driving circuit for generating a control driving signal of the group of MOS transistor switches.
  • a modular method for applying the above battery pack equalizer based on a multi-winding transformer includes the following steps:
  • the pulse width modulation PWM signal output end of the microcontroller sends a pair of complementary PWM signals (PWM+ and PWM-) to control the MOS transistors corresponding to the odd and even transformers to alternately conduct.
  • PWM+ and PWM- complementary PWM signals
  • Mode I The MOS tube of the odd-numbered transformer is turned on, and the even-numbered transformer is automatically demagnetized based on the flyback conversion, and the equalization between the odd-numbered and even-numbered modules is realized; and the equalization between the odd-numbered modules and the modules is realized based on the forward transform.
  • Mode II The MOS tube of the odd-numbered transformer remains conductive, and the balance between the odd-numbered modules and the modules is still realized based on the forward conversion, and the preconditions for the degaussing of the odd-numbered transformers are provided.
  • Mode III The MOS tube of the even-numbered transformer is turned on, the degaussing is performed to automatically degauss the transformer, and the equalization between the odd and even modules is realized; the equalization between the even modules and the modules is realized based on the forward conversion.
  • Mode IV The MOS transistor of the even transformer remains on, and the equalization within the even module and between the modules is still achieved based on the forward conversion.
  • a modular method for a battery pack equalizer based on a multi-winding transformer includes 8 battery cells including 2 battery modules, a microcontroller, two multi-winding transformers, and 8 MOS tubes. .
  • the multi-winding transformer includes four primary windings and one secondary winding;
  • a battery cell is connected to the drain of a MOS transistor, the source of the MOS transistor is connected to one end of a primary winding of a transformer, and the other end of the winding is connected to the negative pole of the battery cell to form a current loop;
  • the secondary windings of the multi-winding transformer are connected in parallel;
  • the multi-winding transformer is divided into two groups, and the odd-numbered and even-numbered transformer secondary windings have opposite opposite ends;
  • the microcontroller includes two pulse width modulated PWM signal outputs;
  • the pulse width modulation PWM signal output terminal sends a pair of state complementary high frequency PWM signals, namely PWM+ and PWM-;
  • the pulse width modulation PWM+ signal is connected to the gate of the MOS tube corresponding to the primary winding of the odd transformer through a driving circuit for generating a control driving signal of the group of MOS tube switches;
  • the pulse width modulation PWM-signal is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor corresponding to the primary winding of the even transformer through a driving circuit for generating a control driving signal of the group of MOS transistor switches.
  • Figure 5 is a graph showing the relationship between equalization efficiency and equalization power of the present invention. It can be seen that the present invention has a higher equalization efficiency over a wide load range, with a maximum efficiency of 89.4%.
  • Figure 6 shows an equilibrium experiment diagram of the present invention.
  • the initial cell voltages were 3.528V, 3.524V, 3.429V, 3.165V, 3.652V, 3.616V, 3.621V, and 3.383V, and the maximum initial voltage difference was 0.487V. After 5800s, all cell voltages converge to near 3.515V, with a maximum voltage difference of 3mV.
  • the experimental results show that the equalization circuit of the invention can obtain the simultaneous equalization of any battery cell to any battery cell, and has a fast equalization speed and high equalization efficiency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化系统及方法，通过奇数和偶数多绕组变压器副边的反向并联连接，基于正激变换实现了模块内和奇/偶数模块间的均衡；基于反激变换实现了奇数和偶数模块间的均衡以及变压器的自动消磁。在控制时只需一对状态互补的控制信号，即可实现电池组中任意节电池单体到任意节电池单体的直接、自动、同时均衡，极大提高了均衡效率和速度，有效改善了电池单体间的不一致性。具有均衡效率高、均衡速度快、体积小、成本低、可靠性高、易于模块化、控制简单、无需电压检测电路和消磁电路等优点。

Description

一种基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化系统及方法。
背景技术
锂离子电池因具有无记忆效应、能量密度高、单体电压高和安全性好等优点，广泛应用在电动汽车中。为了满足电动汽车电压和功率等级，需要将大量的锂离子电池单体串、并联组合使用。然而，由于制造工艺和工作环境等方面的差异，电池单体之间的内阻和容量并不完全一致。电池组在使用的过程中，这些不一致性会逐渐积累，并且造成不同串联电池单体电压的不均衡，可能会导致某节电池单体的过充或过放，降低电池组的可用容量和循环寿命，甚至造成电池组的损坏。因此，串联电池组需要均衡电路来平衡电池单体电压间的不一致性。
目前，主动均衡方法主要是基于电容、电感或变压器将能量从电压较高的电池单体传递到电压较低的电池单体。其中，基于变压器的均衡方法具有隔离性能好、效率高、控制简单和均衡速度快等优点。
中国发明专利(申请号201210144266.4)提出了一种基于对称多绕组变压器结构的串联电池组均衡电路。该均衡电路仅需要一个控制信号，即可实现能量从电压较高的电池单体到电压较低的电池单体的自动传递，具有控制简单、均衡效率高等优点。但是，该方法需要另外的消磁电路(一个电容与励磁电感构成LC谐振电路)来吸收和释放当开关关断时存储在变压器中的能量。这导致了变压器绕组的不一致、电路成本高、体积大以及设计复杂等缺点。并且为了获得软开关，该均衡电路只能工作在特定的开关频率和占空比下，使得其设计和控制变得复杂，尤其是，该均衡电路很难模块化。
发明内容
本发明为了解决上述问题，提出了一种基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化系统及方法。
首先，本发明提供一种基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化系统，该系统通过奇数和偶数多绕组变压器副边的反向并联连接，基于正激变换实现了模块内和奇/偶数模块间的均衡；基于反激变换实现了奇数和偶数模块间的均衡以及变压器的自动消磁。
其次，本发明提供一种基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化方法，该控制方法只需 一对状态互补的控制信号，即可实现电池组中任意节电池单体到任意节电池单体的直接、自动、同时均衡，极大提高了均衡效率和速度，有效改善了电池单体间的不一致性。本发明具有均衡效率高、均衡速度快、体积小、成本低、可靠性高、易于模块化、控制简单、无需电压检测电路等优点。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化系统，包括多个电池模块、微控制器、多个多绕组变压器和多个MOS管，其中，每个电池模块包括若干个电池单体，每个电池模块对应配置有一个多绕组变压器；
所述多绕组变压器包括y个原边绕组和一个副边绕组，每个电池单体连接于一个MOS管的漏极，MOS管的源极连接于一个多绕组变压器的一个原边绕组的一端，绕组的另外一端连接于该电池单体的负极，形成一个电流回路，微控制器输出两路互补的PWM信号，分别驱动具有相反的同名端的原边绕组对应的MOS管。
进一步，共有x*y节电池单体，其中，x为电池模块数，y为一个模块包括的电池单体数。
进一步的，相邻的多绕组变压器副边的反向并联连接。
进一步的，所述多绕组变压器的副边绕组相并联。
所述多绕组变压器分为两组，奇数和偶数变压器副边绕组具有相反的同名端。
进一步的，所述脉冲宽度调制PWM信号输出端发送一对状态互补的高频PWM信号，即PWM+和PWM-；
所述脉冲宽度调制PWM+信号通过驱动电路连接于奇数变压器原边绕组对应的MOS管的栅极，用于产生该组MOS管开关的控制驱动信号；
所述脉冲宽度调制PWM-信号通过驱动电路连接于偶数变压器原边绕组对应的MOS管的栅极，用于产生该组MOS管开关的控制驱动信号。
一种基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化方法，微控制器的脉冲宽度调制PWM信号输出端发送一对状态互补的PWM信号分别控制多绕组变压器中奇数和偶数变压器对应的MOS管交替导通，基于正激变换电池模块内和奇/偶数电池模块间的均衡或基于反激变换实现奇数和偶数电池模块间的均衡以及变压器的自动消磁。
进一步的，控制过程共包括四种工作模式：
(1)当奇数变压器的MOS管导通，基于反激变换对偶数变压器进行自动消磁，并实现奇数和偶数模块间的均衡，基于正激变换实现奇数模块内和模块间的均衡；
(2)奇数变压器的MOS管保持导通，基于正激变换实现奇数模块内和模块间的均衡，并对奇数变压器的消磁提供前提条件；
(3)偶数变压器的MOS管导通，基于反激变换对寄数变压器进行自动消磁，并实现奇数和偶数模块间的均衡；基于正激变换实现偶数模块内和模块间的均衡。
(4)偶数变压器的MOS管保持导通，仍然基于正激变换实现偶数模块内和模块间的均衡。
进一步的，经过这四个模式的不断交替，基于正激变换实现了模块内和奇/偶数模块间的均衡；基于反激变换，实现奇数和偶数模块之间的均衡，从而获得整个电池组的全局均衡，同时对所有变压器起到了自动消磁作用。
控制方法施加于电池组的充电、放电或静止状态。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
(1)本发明能够实现电池组中任意电池单体到任意电池单体的直接均衡，极大提高了均衡效率和均衡速度，且能够工作在电池组的充电、放电或静止状态；
(2)无需电压检测电路，能够获得自动均衡，减小了电路体积，降低了使用成本，一节电池单体只需要一个MOS管，极大地减小了电路体积；
(3)本发明提供的均衡电路易于模块化，只需将多个多绕组变压器的副边绕组并联连接，即可实现电池模块之间的均衡，无需其他外层均衡电路，减小了电路体积；
(4)只需一对状态互补的PWM信号控制均衡电路交替工作在两个状态，控制简单、可靠性高，由于奇数和偶数多绕组变压器的互补结构和控制，获得变压器的自动消磁，极大地降低了开关应力，提高了电路的可靠性，由于不需要另外的消磁电路，进一步减小了电路体积；
(5)使用范围广泛，适用于锂离子、镍氢、铅酸等可充电动力电池，无需改变电路中器件的参数。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。
图1是本发明均衡电路应用于x*y电池组的结构图；
图2是本发明均衡电路用于2*4电池组的结构图；
图3(a)-图3(d)是本发明模块化均衡电路的工作模式；
图4是本发明均衡电路的关键波形图；
图5是本发明均衡电路的效率与负载关系图；
图6是针对2个电池模块8节电池单体的实验效果图。
具体实施方式：
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
一种基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化方法，包括x*y节电池单体、微控制器、多个多绕组变压器和x*y个MOS管。
所述多绕组变压器包括y个原边绕组和一个副边绕组；
所述一个电池单体连接于一个MOS管的漏极，MOS管的源极连接于一个变压器的一个原边绕组的一端，绕组的另外一端连接于该电池单体的负极，从而形成一个电流回路；
所述多绕组变压器的副边绕组相并联；
所述多绕组变压器分为两组，奇数和偶数变压器副边绕组具有相反的同名端；
所述微控制器包括两个脉冲宽度调制PWM信号输出端；
所述脉冲宽度调制PWM信号输出端发送一对状态互补的高频PWM信号，即PWM+和PWM-；
所述脉冲宽度调制PWM+信号通过驱动电路连接于奇数变压器原边绕组对应的MOS管的栅极，用于产生该组MOS管开关的控制驱动信号；
所述脉冲宽度调制PWM-信号通过驱动电路连接于偶数变压器原边绕组对应的MOS管的栅极，用于产生该组MOS管开关的控制驱动信号。
一种应用上述基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)微控制器的脉冲宽度调制PWM信号输出端发送一对状态互补的PWM信号(PWM+和PWM-)控制奇数和偶数变压器对应的MOS管交替导通，有四个工作模式，如图3所示，为本 发明的四个工作状态。。
(2)模式I：奇数变压器的MOS管导通，基于反激变换对偶数变压器进行自动消磁，并实现奇数和偶数模块间的均衡；基于正激变换实现奇数模块内和模块间的均衡。
(3)模式II：奇数变压器的MOS管保持导通，仍然基于正激变换实现奇数模块内和模块间的均衡，并对奇数变压器的消磁提供前提条件。
(4)模式III：偶数变压器的MOS管导通，基于反激变换对寄数变压器进行自动消磁，并实现奇数和偶数模块间的均衡；基于正激变换实现偶数模块内和模块间的均衡。
(5)模式IV：偶数变压器的MOS管保持导通，仍然基于正激变换实现偶数模块内和模块间的均衡。
(6)经过这四个模式的不断交替，基于正激变换实现了模块内和奇/偶数模块间的均衡；基于反激变换，一方面获得了奇数和偶数模块之间的均衡，从而获得整个电池组的全局均衡，另一方面对所有变压器起到了自动消磁作用，降低了开关应力，不需另外的消磁电路，减小了电路体积。
作为本发明的具体实施例。
如图1～图5所示，一种基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化方法，包括8节电池单体含2个电池模块、微控制器、两个多绕组变压器和8个MOS管。
多绕组变压器包括4个原边绕组和一个副边绕组；
一个电池单体连接于一个MOS管的漏极，MOS管的源极连接于一个变压器的一个原边绕组的一端，绕组的另外一端连接于该电池单体的负极，从而形成一个电流回路；
多绕组变压器的副边绕组相并联；
多绕组变压器分为两组，奇数和偶数变压器副边绕组具有相反的同名端；
微控制器包括两个脉冲宽度调制PWM信号输出端；
脉冲宽度调制PWM信号输出端发送一对状态互补的高频PWM信号，即PWM+和PWM-；
脉冲宽度调制PWM+信号通过驱动电路连接于奇数变压器原边绕组对应的MOS管的栅极，用于产生该组MOS管开关的控制驱动信号；
脉冲宽度调制PWM-信号通过驱动电路连接于偶数变压器原边绕组对应的MOS管的栅极，用于产生该组MOS管开关的控制驱动信号。
以8节电池单体分为2个电池模块为例，并假设电池单体电压满足VB24>VB23>VB22>VB21>VB14>VB13>VB12>VB11。
图5给出了本发明的均衡效率与均衡功率的关系图。可以看出，本发明在宽广的负载范围内具有较高的均衡效率，其最高效率可达89.4％。
图6给出了本发明的均衡实验图。初始电池单体电压分别为3.528V,3.524V,3.429V,3.165V,3.652V,3.616V,3.621V,以及3.483V,，最大初始电压差为0.487V。在5800s后，所有的电池单体电压同时收敛到3.515V附近，其最大电压差为3mV。实验结果表明本发明均衡电路能够获得任意电池单体对任意电池单体的同时均衡，且均衡速度快，均衡效率高。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化系统，其特征是：包括多个电池模块、微控制器、多个多绕组变压器和多个MOS管，其中，每个电池模块包括若干个电池单体，每个电池模块对应配置有一个多绕组变压器；
    所述多绕组变压器包括y个原边绕组和一个副边绕组，每个电池单体连接于一个MOS管的漏极，MOS管的源极连接于一个多绕组变压器的一个原边绕组的一端，绕组的另外一端连接于该电池单体的负极，形成一个电流回路，微控制器输出两路互补的PWM信号，分别驱动具有相反的同名端的原边绕组对应的MOS管。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化系统，其特征是：共有x*y节电池单体，其中，x为电池模块数，y为一个模块包括的电池单体数。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化系统，其特征是：相邻的多绕组变压器副边的反向并联连接。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化系统，其特征是：所述多绕组变压器的副边绕组相并联。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化系统，其特征是：所述多绕组变压器分为两组，奇数和偶数变压器副边绕组具有相反的同名端。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的一种基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化系统，其特征是：所述脉冲宽度调制PWM信号输出端发送一对状态互补的高频PWM信号，即PWM+和PWM-；
    所述脉冲宽度调制PWM+信号通过驱动电路连接于奇数变压器原边绕组对应的MOS管的栅极，用于产生该组MOS管开关的控制驱动信号；
    所述脉冲宽度调制PWM-信号通过驱动电路连接于偶数变压器原边绕组对应的MOS管的栅极，用于产生该组MOS管开关的控制驱动信号。
  7. 一种基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化方法，其特征是：微控制器的脉冲宽度调制PWM信号输出端发送一对状态互补的PWM信号分别控制多绕组变压器中奇数和偶数变压器对应的MOS管交替导通，基于正激变换电池模块内和奇/偶数电池模块间的均衡或基于反激变换实现奇数和偶数电池模块间的均衡以及变压器的自动消磁。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的一种基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化方法，其特征是：控制过程共包括四种工作模式：
    (1)当奇数变压器的MOS管导通，基于反激变换对偶数变压器进行自动消磁，并实现奇数和偶数模块间的均衡，基于正激变换实现奇数模块内和模块间的均衡；
    (2)奇数变压器的MOS管保持导通，基于正激变换实现奇数模块内和模块间的均衡，并对奇数变压器的消磁提供前提条件；
    (3)偶数变压器的MOS管导通，基于反激变换对寄数变压器进行自动消磁，并实现奇数和偶数模块间的均衡；基于正激变换实现偶数模块内和模块间的均衡。
    (4)偶数变压器的MOS管保持导通，仍然基于正激变换实现偶数模块内和模块间的均衡。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的一种基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化方法，其特征是：经过这四个模式的不断交替，基于正激变换实现了模块内和奇/偶数模块间的均衡；基于反激变换，实现奇数和偶数模块之间的均衡，从而获得整个电池组的全局均衡，同时对所有变压器起到了自动消磁作用。
  10. 如权利要求7所述的一种基于多绕组变压器的电池组均衡器模块化方法，其特征是：控制方法施加于电池组的充电、放电或静止状态。
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