WO2018166152A1 - 扫描卡、led显示屏控制系统及图像数据处理方法 - Google Patents

扫描卡、led显示屏控制系统及图像数据处理方法 Download PDF

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WO2018166152A1
WO2018166152A1 PCT/CN2017/101296 CN2017101296W WO2018166152A1 WO 2018166152 A1 WO2018166152 A1 WO 2018166152A1 CN 2017101296 W CN2017101296 W CN 2017101296W WO 2018166152 A1 WO2018166152 A1 WO 2018166152A1
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image data
bit
module
pixel value
correction
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PCT/CN2017/101296
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English (en)
French (fr)
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宗靖国
王伙荣
杨城
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西安诺瓦电子科技有限公司
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0271Adjustment of the gradation levels within the range of the gradation scale, e.g. by redistribution or clipping
    • G09G2320/0276Adjustment of the gradation levels within the range of the gradation scale, e.g. by redistribution or clipping for the purpose of adaptation to the characteristics of a display device, i.e. gamma correction
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/06Adjustment of display parameters
    • G09G2320/0626Adjustment of display parameters for control of overall brightness

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of video image processing technologies, and in particular, to a scan card, an LED display screen control system, and an image data processing method.
  • the related art is to multiply the inverse gamma corrected y value by the brightness percentage. For example, if the brightness needs to be reduced to 50%, the y value is multiplied by 0.5.
  • the result obtained in this way has an obvious feature that the data of the corrected low bit gradation represents the high bit information before the correction. Since the current driver chip low bit is difficult to implement, the current direct discard of low bit gray scale makes the display low-brightness display effect.
  • the LED display control system is mainly composed of a transmitting card, a scanning card and an LED light board electrically connected to the scanning card, wherein each LED light board is spliced together to form an LED display screen.
  • the scanning card or receiving card
  • the scanning card mainly realizes three basic functions of unpacking, correcting and outputting the video image data.
  • the principle block diagram is as follows. Figure 2 shows. Figure 2 only expresses the transfer and conversion of pixel data and assumes that the original data source is 8 bits (i.e., 23 bits). Specifically, in FIG.
  • the function implementation of the scan card mainly includes four parts: a data receiving module, a storage control module, a data conversion module, and a display driving module.
  • the data source is various data such as image data packets, command packets, and parameter packets sent from the transmission card.
  • the data receiving module parses the data packets, and saves the image valid data to a memory such as SDRAM via a storage control module for processing by other modules; the data conversion module reads data from the SDRAM according to the routing table via the storage control module. Correction is required.
  • the calibration result is separated according to the requirements of the display driver module and saved to the SDRAM via the storage control module.
  • the display driver module generates control timings for the LED panel driver chip, and reads data from the SDRAM via the storage control module according to the control timing. , sent to the LED light board through the cable.
  • the original video image source is 8 bits (as shown in Figure 2)
  • various corrections such as inverse Gamma correction and brightness correction
  • the data has become 16 bits (that is, 24 bits), which is equivalent to bit information decentralization.
  • the present disclosure proposes that a video image processing technology combining a rotating dither matrix algorithm and an interframe error accumulation algorithm is applied to a scan card to implement multi-bit information compression, while reducing data storage amount,
  • the information of the original image can be more completely expressed, and the display effect of the discontinuous gray transition can be solved, and the overall tone continuous effect can be achieved.
  • a scan card includes: a storage control module; a data receiving module, configured to receive input image data and store the same in the memory through the storage control module; and a data conversion module, configured to The storage control module acquires image data from the memory for correction and bit separation, and stores image data after bit separation via the storage control module to the memory; and displays a driving module for generating control timing and The Bit-separated image data is read from the memory via the storage control module according to the control timing for output.
  • the data conversion module includes: a Bit optimization module for reducing a bit width of image data after performing the correction and before performing the bit separation by using a periodic rotation dither matrix in combination with interframe error accumulation.
  • the data conversion module includes a gamma correction module, a brightness correction module, and a bit separation module; the correction includes inverse gamma correction by using the gamma correction module and performing the inverse gamma correction The brightness correction by the brightness correction module is then performed, and the bit separation module is used to perform the bit separation.
  • the correcting includes performing inverse Gamma correction on image data having a bit width of 2 n bit acquired from the memory via the storage control module to map to a bit width of 2 m Bit image data, where n ⁇ m; the Bit optimization module is specifically for utilizing a k ⁇ k-dimensional periodic rotation dither matrix in combination with inter-frame error accumulation, after performing the correction and before performing the bit separation
  • the bit width of the image data is reduced to (2 m -N) bits, and N > k ⁇ 2, where N, K are positive integers.
  • the scan card includes a programmable logic device
  • the memory is external to the programmable logic device
  • the data receiving module, the memory control module, the data conversion module, and The display driving module is integrated in the programmable logic Device.
  • the utilizing the periodic rotation dither matrix in combination with the interframe error accumulation reduction after the performing the correction and before performing the bit separation specifically includes: the current image data.
  • the frame performs grayscale processing to obtain grayscale processed image data, wherein the grayscale processing reduces the image data bit width in the current image data frame by Nbit; and sets the pixel position of the grayscale processed image data.
  • the result of the fractional part of the pixel value is obtained, where ceil() represents the up-rounding function, result represents the implementation result of the fractional part of the pixel value, and Dec represents the pixel value fractional Part, k ⁇ 2 and even, N>k and odd; obtaining the difference between the implementation result and the fractional part of the pixel value of each pixel position of the image data frame after the grayscale processing And accumulating the difference into the image data after the next image data frame is subjected to the grayscale processing.
  • an LED display screen control system includes: a transmission card, any of the foregoing scan cards, and an LED light board; and the scan card connects the transmission card and the LED light board.
  • an image data processing method proposed by the embodiment of the present disclosure is suitable for being executed on an LED display screen control system including a scan card and an LED display screen.
  • the image data processing method includes: (i) receiving input image data; (ii) correcting the image data to obtain corrected image data; (iii) combining with a k ⁇ k-dimensional periodic rotation dither matrix Inter-frame error accumulation reduces the bit width of the corrected image data by Nbit to obtain a Bit-optimized image Data, wherein N>k ⁇ 2 and k is an even number; (iv) performing Bit separation on the Bit-optimized image data to obtain image data after Bit separation; (v) generating control timing and according to the control timing The image data after the bit separation is output for driving the LED display screen.
  • the step (iii) includes: determining each of the image data of each frame according to the field sync signal, the starting pixel point coordinates of the scan card, and the image data size of the scan cassette.
  • the pixel values correspond to the position coordinates of the LED display screen and the corresponding rotational dither matrix.
  • step (iii) further includes: performing grayscale processing on the current image data frame to obtain grayscale processed image data, wherein the grayscale processing processes the image in the current image data frame
  • the data bit width is reduced by Nbit; the pixel value fractional portion of each pixel point position of the grayscale processed image data is compared with a corresponding one of the k ⁇ k-dimensional periodic rotation dither matrix to determine the pixel value.
  • the correction in step (ii) includes sequential inverse gamma correction and brightness correction.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to the problem of low Bit gradation loss in the related art, and the application of the rotating dither matrix processing algorithm and the interframe error accumulation to the scan card is proposed.
  • Function implementation By processing the video image data of adjacent frames by using different rotation matrices and performing residual accumulation, the high-bit width data to the low-bit width data conversion can be realized, and the information of the original video image can be more completely expressed, and the information can be reduced.
  • the low bit of the driver chip does not realize the influence on the gray scale performance, so that the gray transition is smoother. On the other hand, since the number of bits of the bit is reduced, the refresh rate is also improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an LED display control system in the related art.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the principle of implementing a scan card function in the related art.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a function of implementing a scan card according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the following embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to the problem of low Bit (bit) information loss on the functional implementation principle of the scanning card in the related art, and the video image processing technology combined with the rotating dither matrix algorithm and the interframe error accumulation algorithm is used for the following. Improved, implemented in reducing resource overhead or At the same time of high refresh rate, it can still ensure that the grayscale effect of the pixels in the adjacent position remains unchanged, and the overall tone continuous effect is achieved.
  • bit Bit
  • the digital halftone technology is a technique for realizing optimal image reproduction on a binary (or multi-color binary) coloring device based on human visual characteristics and image coloring characteristics using tools such as mathematics and computers.
  • the human eye regards the spatially close portion of the image as a whole. With this characteristic, the local average gray scale of the halftone image observed by the human eye approximates the local average gray value of the original image, thereby forming a continuous tone effect as a whole.
  • the widely used digital halftone technology is a rotating dither matrix algorithm, which is based on the principle that the high-order display information is distributed into adjacent spaces by the rotation dither matrix calculation, so that the image quality is significantly improved, and the gray level of the display is improved. number.
  • the rotation dither matrix is rotated by a basic dither matrix in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction, and the basic dither matrix is obtained by a matrix operation of the Limb matrix.
  • the present embodiment proposes that the video image processing method combining the rotational dither matrix algorithm and the interframe error accumulation algorithm is applied to the scan card, and the principle thereof will be analyzed in a stepwise manner. Assuming that the target image data value to be implemented is Value and the currently processed video image frame is frame current , the implementation steps are as follows:
  • the data receiving module 31, the memory control module 33, the data conversion module 35, and the display driving module 37 in FIG. 3 are, for example, a programmable logic device such as an FPGA (Field Programmable) running on the scan card 30.
  • FPGA Field Programmable
  • the software module implementation on the Gate Array (field programmable gate array), or the data receiving module 31, the memory control module 33, the data conversion module 35, and the display driver module 37 are all integrated into a programmable logic device externally connected with a memory such as SDRAM.
  • the added Bit optimization module 356 in FIG. 3 is a function of converting a large bit width data to a small bit width data by using a combination of a rotation dither matrix algorithm and an interframe error accumulation algorithm. Since the gamma correction module 350 is used for inverse gamma correction of the video image pixel data, it is a non-linear correction, and the brightness correction module 352 and other correction modules 354 (such as a chromaticity correction module, etc., of course, there may be no other correction module The information of the data high bit is transferred to the lower bit more, and the bit separation module 358 has lost the position information of the original image data; therefore, the bit optimization module 356 is set in each correction module (including the gamma correction module 350, The brightness correction module 352 and other correction modules 354) are interposed between the bit separation module 358.
  • the original video image source is 8 bits, and after various corrections such as inverse Gamma correction and brightness correction, the data has become 16 bits (that is, 24 bits), and then through the present embodiment.
  • the Bit optimization module 356 of the example is reduced to 13 bits after the bit optimization process, and then subjected to the Bit separation process via the Bit separation module 358, and then saved by the storage control module 33 to a storage module such as SDRAM for use by the display driver module 37.
  • the front-end transmit card For each scan card 30, three key pieces of information can be obtained from the front-end transmit card: the field sync signal, the start pixel coordinates of the scan card (StartX, StartY), and the image data size of the scan card (TotalX, TotalY) ). According to these three parameters, the frame number of the currently processed video image and the specific position of each pixel in the entire LED display screen can be obtained, thereby determining the corresponding rotating dither matrix value, and finally achieving large bit width data to small bit width by comparison Conversion of data.
  • the row and column coordinates (RowAddr, ColAddr) of the original video image data pixel values in the SDRAM can be obtained according to the trace table. Since the pixel values of the original image data are stored in order, the specific position coordinates (i, j) corresponding to the LED display can be calculated by calculation. Similarly, the data frame count framecnt can be obtained by the field sync signal. RowAddr is assumed to be 0, ColAddr to 200, framecnt is 5, then the pixel values corresponding to the specific position coordinates of the LED display (i, j) and the number m corresponding rotation of the dither matrix Mat m is from:
  • fix() is a rounding function
  • rem() is a remainder function
  • the specific position coordinates i, j of the pixel are even numbers, it is compared with the data of the position (0, 0) in the rotation dither matrix Mat 1 ; if i is an even number and j is an odd number, then it is compared with Mat 1 (0, 1) Comparison of position data; if i is odd and j is even, it is compared with the data of (1,0) position in Mat 1 ; if i, j are both odd, then it is with Mat 1 (1,1) ) Comparison of location data.
  • the processed image pixel data is sent to the Bit separation module 358 for Bit separation processing.
  • the key is the precise conversion of the fractional part.
  • the video image processing method proposed in this embodiment transfers the fractional part information into the adjacent data frame.
  • the residuals are also accumulated, and the precision is dispersed.
  • the local average gray scale approximates the local average gray scale of the original image, resulting in a continuous overall tone effect. Since the data bit width is obviously small, the information of the original image can be expressed more completely and accurately under the premise of reducing the resource overhead or increasing the refresh rate.
  • the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to the problem of low bit gradation loss in the related art, and the application of the rotating dither matrix processing algorithm and the interframe error accumulation to the implementation of the scan card function is proposed.
  • the high-bit width data to the low-bit width data conversion can be realized, and the information of the original video image can be more completely expressed, and the information can be reduced.
  • the low bit of the driver chip does not realize the influence on the gray scale performance, so that the gray transition is smoother.
  • the refresh rate is also improved.
  • the scan card of the foregoing embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied to the LED display control system shown in FIG. 1 to obtain an improved LED display control system.
  • an image data processing method can also be summarized, which is suitable for being executed on a scan card and an LED display screen (spliced by one or more LED light panels). LED display control system.
  • the image data processing method includes, for example, the steps of: receiving input image data; correcting the image data to obtain corrected image data; using a k ⁇ k-dimensional periodic rotation dither matrix in combination with inter-frame error accumulation
  • the bit width of the corrected image data is reduced by Nbit to obtain Bit-optimized image data, where N>k ⁇ 2; Bit-separated image data of the Bit optimization is obtained to obtain image data after Bit separation; and generation Controlling the timing and outputting the bit separated image data for driving the LED display screen according to the control timing.
  • the disclosed system, apparatus, and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
  • each functional unit in various embodiments of the present disclosure may be integrated into one processing order In the meta element, each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.
  • the above-described integrated unit implemented in the form of a software functional unit can be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the above software functional unit is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing one or more processors of a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform the methods described in various embodiments of the present disclosure. Part of the steps.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like, and the program code can be stored. Medium.

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Abstract

一种扫描卡(30)、采用扫描卡(30)的LED显示屏控制系统以及图像数据处理方法,针对相关技术中存在低Bit灰度丢失的问题,提出了将旋转抖动矩阵处理算法与帧间误差累积结合应用于扫描卡(30)功能实现中。具体为在扫描卡(30)上增设Bit优化模块,通过对相邻帧的视频图像数据采用不同的旋转矩阵做处理、并做残差累积,实现高位宽数据到低位宽数据的转换。

Description

扫描卡、LED显示屏控制系统及图像数据处理方法 技术领域
本公开涉及视频图像处理技术领域,尤其涉及一种扫描卡、一种LED显示屏控制系统以及一种图像数据处理方法。
背景技术
目前,LED显示屏控制系统在降低LED显示屏的亮度时,通常会出现低Bit(位)灰度丢失,导致显示色调不连续。
由于LED的线性响应特性,目前的LED显示屏控制需要对输入的n位灰度数据进行反伽玛(Gamma)校正映射到m位灰度数据后再做灰度实现(m>n)。设x为输入灰度数据,值域为0到(2n-1),y为反伽玛校正后的灰度数据,值域为0到(2m-1),γ为Gamma值,映射关系如下:
Figure PCTCN2017101296-appb-000001
当需要降低LED显示屏亮度时,相关技术是将反伽玛校正后的y值直接乘以亮度百分比,比如需要将亮度降到50%,就将y值乘以0.5。如此得到的结果有一个明显的特征,即校正后低Bit灰度的数据代表了校正前部分高Bit信息。由于现今驱动芯片低Bit较难实现,所以目前直接丢弃低Bit灰度的做法使得显示屏低亮度显示效果较差。
参见图1,LED显示屏控制系统主要由发送卡、扫描卡以及电连接扫描卡的LED灯板组成,其中各个LED灯板共同拼接形成LED显示屏。 在LED显示屏控制系统中最为关键的是扫描卡(或称接收卡),而扫描卡主要实现视频图像数据的解包、校正以及LED灯板驱动芯片时序输出三个基本功能,其原理框图如图2所示。图2仅表达出像素数据的传递及转换且假设原始数据源为8bit(也即23bit)。具体地,在图2中,扫描卡的功能实现主要包括四个部分:数据接收模块、存储控制模块、数据转换模块以及显示驱动模块。对于扫描卡来说,数据源是从发送卡发送过来的图像数据包、命令包、参数包等各种数据。数据接收模块对这些数据包进行解析,并经由存储控制模块将图像有效数据保存至存储器例如SDRAM,以备其它模块做处理;数据转换模块根据走线表经由存储控制模块从SDRAM中读取数据按需进行校正,校正结果根据显示驱动模块要求进行Bit分离并经由存储控制模块保存至SDRAM;显示驱动模块产生LED灯板驱动芯片用控制时序,并根据控制时序经由存储控制模块从SDRAM中读取数据,通过排线送至LED灯板。
若原始视频图像源是8bit(如图2所示),在经过反Gamma校正、亮度校正等各种校正后,数据已然变成了16bit(也即24bit),其相当于bit信息分散化。由于LED灯板驱动芯片低Bit灰度实现困难,加之刷新率越来越高的要求,直接将其舍弃必会造成灰度过渡不连续的显示效果。
发明内容
因此,为克服前述缺陷和不足,本公开提出将旋转抖动矩阵算法和帧间误差累积算法结合的视频图像处理技术应用于扫描卡,以实现多Bit信息压缩,在降低数据存储量的同时,仍能较完整地表达原始图像的信息,解决灰度过渡不连续的显示效果,达到整体色调连续的效果。
具体地,本公开实施例提出的一种扫描卡,包括:存储控制模块;数据接收模块,用于接收输入的图像数据并经由所述存储控制模块存储至存储器中;数据转换模块,用于经由所述存储控制模块从所述存储器中获取图像数据以进行校正和Bit分离、再经由所述存储控制模块将Bit分离后的图像数据存储至所述存储器;显示驱动模块,用于产生控制时序并根据所述控制时序经由所述存储控制模块从所述存储器读取Bit分离后的图像数据以进行输出。此外,所述数据转换模块包括:Bit优化模块,用于利用周期性旋转抖动矩阵结合帧间误差累积减小在进行所述校正之后且在进行所述Bit分离之前的图像数据的位宽。
在本公开的一个实施例中,所述数据转换模块包括Gamma校正模块、亮度校正模块和Bit分离模块;所述校正包括利用所述Gamma校正模块进行的反Gamma校正和在进行所述反Gamma校正之后利用所述亮度校正模块进行的亮度校正,且所述Bit分离模块用于进行所述Bit分离。
在本公开的一个实施例中,所述校正包括用于对经由所述存储控制模块从所述存储器中获取的位宽为2n bit的图像数据进行反Gamma校正以映射成位宽为2mbit的图像数据,其中n<m;所述Bit优化模块具体用于利用k×k维的周期性旋转抖动矩阵结合帧间误差累积将在进行所述校正之后且在进行所述Bit分离之前的图像数据的位宽减小至(2m-N)bit,且N>k≥2,其中N,K均为正整数。
在本公开的一个实施例中,所述扫描卡包括可编程逻辑器件,所述存储器外接于所述可编程逻辑器件,且所述数据接收模块、所述存储控制模块、所述数据转换模块和所述显示驱动模块整合于所述可编程逻辑 器件。
在本公开的一个实施例中,上述利用周期性旋转抖动矩阵结合帧间误差累积减小在进行所述校正之后且在进行所述Bit分离之前的图像数据的位宽具体包括:对当前图像数据帧进行降灰阶处理以得到降灰阶处理后图像数据,其中所述降灰阶处理将所述当前图像数据帧中的图像数据位宽缩减Nbit;将所述降灰阶处理后图像数据的各个像素点位置的像素值小数部分与k×k维的周期性旋转抖动矩阵中的一个相对应旋转抖动矩阵进行比较以确定像素值整数部分是否需要加1,并根据公式result=(1/(k×k))×ceil(Dec/(1/(k×k)))得到像素值小数部分的实现结果,其中ceil()表示向上取整函数,result表示像素值小数部分的实现结果,Dec表示像素值小数部分,k≥2且偶数,N>k且为奇数;获取所述实现结果与所述降灰阶处理后图像数据帧的各个像素点位置的像素值小数部分之间的差值;以及将所述差值累积至下一个图像数据帧进行降灰阶处理后的图像数据中。
再者,本公开实施例提出的一种LED显示屏控制系统,包括:发送卡、前述任意一种扫描卡、以及LED灯板;所述扫描卡连接所述发送卡和所述LED灯板。
另外,本公开实施例提出的一种图像数据处理方法,适于执行于包括扫描卡和LED显示屏的LED显示屏控制系统。所述图像数据处理方法包括:(i)接收输入的图像数据;(ii)对所述图像数据进行校正以得到校正后的图像数据;(iii)利用k×k维的周期性旋转抖动矩阵结合帧间误差累积将所述校正后的图像数据的位宽减小Nbit以得到Bit优化后的图像 数据,其中N>k≥2且k为偶数;(iv)对所述Bit优化后的图像数据进行Bit分离以得到Bit分离后的图像数据;(v)产生控制时序并根据所述控制时序将所述Bit分离后的图像数据输出以供驱动所述LED显示屏。
在本公开的一个实施例中,步骤(iii)包括:根据场同步信号、所述扫描卡的起始像素点坐标和所述扫描卡带载的图像数据大小确定每一帧图像数据中的每一个像素值对应到所述LED显示屏的位置坐标和相对应的旋转抖动矩阵。
在本公开的一个实施例中,步骤(iii)还包括:对当前图像数据帧进行降灰阶处理以得到降灰阶处理后图像数据,其中所述降灰阶处理将所述当前图像数据帧中的图像数据位宽减少Nbit;将所述降灰阶处理后图像数据的各个像素点位置的像素值小数部分与k×k维的周期性旋转抖动矩阵中的一个相对应旋转抖动矩阵进行比较以确定像素值整数部分是否需要加1,并根据公式result=(1/(k×k))×ceil(Dec/(1/(k×k)))得到像素值小数部分的实现结果,其中ceil()表示向上取整函数,result表示像素值小数部分的实现结果,Dec表示像素值小数部分,k为偶数,N为奇数;获取所述实现结果与所述降灰阶处理后图像数据帧的各个像素点位置的像素值小数部分之间的差值;以及将所述差值累积至下一个图像数据帧进行降灰阶处理后的图像数据中。
在本公开的一个实施例中,步骤(ii)中的所述校正包括依序进行的反Gamma校正和亮度校正。
由上可知,本公开实施例针对相关技术中存在低Bit灰度丢失的问题,提出了将旋转抖动矩阵处理算法与帧间误差累积结合应用于扫描卡 功能实现中。通过对相邻帧的视频图像数据采用不同的旋转矩阵做处理、并做残差累积,实现在高位宽数据到低位宽数据转换的同时,仍能较完整地表达原始视频图像的信息,减小了驱动芯片低Bit未实现对灰度表现的影响,使得灰度过渡更为平滑,另一方面,由于减小了bit的实现位数,所以刷新率也提高了。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为相关技术中的一种LED显示屏控制系统的架构示意图。
图2为相关技术中的扫描卡功能实现原理框图。
图3为本公开实施例提出的一种扫描卡功能实现原理框图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图,对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本公开一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本公开保护的范围。
本公开下述实施例针对相关技术中扫描卡的功能实现原理框架上存在低Bit(位)信息丢失的问题,利用旋转抖动矩阵算法和帧间误差累积算法相结合的视频图像处理技术对其进行改进,实现在降低资源开销或提 高刷新率的同时,仍可以保证邻近位置上的像素灰度效果保持不变,达到整体色调连续的效果。
具体地,为便于理解本实施例,首先对本实施例采用的一种旋转抖动矩阵算法进行说明如下:
数字半色调技术是基于人眼视觉特性和图像呈色特性,利用数学、计算机等工具,在二值(或多色二值)呈色设备上实现图像最优再现的一门技术。当在一定距离下观察时,人眼将图像中空间上接近的部分视为一个整体。利用此特性,人眼观察到的半色调图像局部平均灰度近似于原始图像的局部平均灰度值,从而整体上形成连续色调的效果。
目前应用较广的数字半色调技术是旋转抖动矩阵算法,其原理是将高位的显示信息通过旋转抖动矩阵计算分配到相邻的空间中,使得图像质量得到明显改善,提高了显示的灰度级数。
以2×2旋转抖动矩阵为例,算法的具体实现步骤如下:
(1)获取旋转抖动矩阵:旋转抖动矩阵是由一个基本抖动矩阵按照逆时针或顺时针旋转而来,而基本抖动矩阵则是由Limb矩阵经过矩阵运算得到的。
①Limb矩阵:
Figure PCTCN2017101296-appb-000002
②依据公式
Figure PCTCN2017101296-appb-000003
求解出(n+1)×(n+1)维的基本抖动矩阵,其中Un表示n×n的全一矩阵,例如
Figure PCTCN2017101296-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2017101296-appb-000005
③将基本抖动矩阵按照顺时针或者逆时针旋转,得到周期性旋转抖动矩阵。以2×2的基本抖动矩阵为例,若按照逆时针方向旋转,可以得到2×2个旋转抖动矩阵:
Figure PCTCN2017101296-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2017101296-appb-000007
(2)当前视频图像帧framecurrent的处理:设原始视频是8bit(也即256级)数据源,现要用6bit(也即64级)的数据位宽表示该视频,算法的具体实现包括以下步骤:
①将每个像素值进行8bit到6bit的转换(也即实现2bit缩减),也即进行降灰阶处理,转换后的像素值包含两部分:整数部分(Int)和小数部分(Dec);例如像素值122转换成64级后的值为Value,则Value=64×122/256=30.5=Int+Dec。
②将当前处理视频图像帧framecurrent的小数部分与对应的旋转抖动矩阵比较:
(i).确定当前处理视频图像帧framecurrent对应的旋转抖动矩阵:i=rem((current/4),其中rem()为求余函数,current为当前处理视频图像帧的序号(例如第一个视频图像帧对应current=1),i表示与当前处理视频图像帧framecurrent对应的旋转抖动矩阵的序号。
(ii).计算当前处理视频图像帧framecurrent中每个像素位置的比较结 果:假设current=5,则其对应旋转抖动矩阵为Mat1;从当前处理视频图像帧framecurrent的左上角出发,依次截取经降灰阶处理后2×2维的像素值,将其小数部分与旋转抖动矩阵Mat1作比较,依据四舍五入法则进行取舍。即,若小数部分大于Mat1中对应位置的值,则framecurrent对应像素位置的整数部分加1,否则不加(也即整数部分不变),此处旋转抖动矩阵的序号i的取值范围为1~4。
然而,若要实现更多Bit例如3bit缩减,比如将8bit(256级)信息缩减至5bit(32级);由于3×3维的旋转抖动矩阵较难处理,一般会选择2×2维的旋转抖动矩阵对其处理,而要实现该信息的完整表达,必须保证转换精度至少为0.125,而2×2维旋转抖动矩阵精度为0.25,因此此时仅仅使用旋转抖动矩阵算法并不能准确地表述每一个图像像素点的信息。举例说明,8bit的原始图像信息为37,则Value=32×37/256=4.625=Int+Dec,使用2×2维的旋转抖动矩阵处理后,结果为1,1,1,0,即三帧数据的整数部分有加1、一帧数据没有加1,这样处理后的最终结果为0.75,与要实现的0.625相比,存在一定误差。
因此,本实施例提出将旋转抖动矩阵算法与帧间误差累积算法相结合的视频图像处理方法应用于扫描卡,其原理下面将通过步骤化的方式进行解析。假设要实现的目标图像数据值为Value,当前处理的视频图像帧为framecurrent,则实现步骤如下:
(a)对原始图像数据值逐像素进行降灰阶处理得到转换后的整数部分和小数部分,即Value=Int+Dec;
(b)根据公式i=rem((current/4),将进行降灰阶处理后得到的小数部 分与相对应的旋转抖动矩阵进行对比,确定整数部分是否需要加1;并且根据公式result=(1/(2×2))×ceil(Dec/(1/(2×2)))=0.25×ceil(Dec/0.25),其中ceil()表示向上取整函数,得到最终的实现结果result,此公式表示采用2×2维的旋转抖动矩阵,实现结果只可能是0,0.25,0.5,0.75中的一个。若旋转抖动矩阵的维数改变,则同时需要将该公式中的1/4换成其对应的矩阵k×k可实现的精度,比如4×4维的精度是1/(k×k)=1/(4×4)=0.0625;
(c)将实现结果与欲实现的小数做差:error=result-Dec,并将结果累积到下一帧的计算中:Value=Value-error=Int+Dec;
(d)重复以上步骤(a)至(c),实现图像数据值的准确表达。
承上述,改进后的扫描卡功能实现原理框图如图3所示。需要说明的是,图3仅表达出图像数据的传递及转换,其假设数据源为8bit且做Nbit=3bit优化以及其采用的k×k矩阵为2×2维矩阵,此处N>k。再者,在本实施例中,图3中的数据接收模块31、存储控制模块33、数据转换模块35和显示驱动模块37例如是由运行在扫描卡30的可编程逻辑器件像FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array,现场可编程门阵列)上的软件模块实现,或者说数据接收模块31、存储控制模块33、数据转换模块35和显示驱动模块37均整合于外接有存储器例如SDRAM的可编程逻辑器件。
具体地,图3中增加的Bit优化模块356即为利用旋转抖动矩阵算法和帧间误差累积算法相结合实现大位宽数据到小位宽数据转换的功能。由于Gamma校正模块350用于对视频图像像素数据进行反Gamma 校正,其为一种非线性校正,且亮度校正模块352和其它校正模块354(例如色度校正模块等,当然也可以无其它校正模块)使得数据高Bit的信息更多地转移到了低Bit上,而Bit分离模块358已丢失了原有图像数据的位置信息;所以将Bit优化模块356设置在各个校正模块(包含Gamma校正模块350、亮度校正模块352和其它校正模块354)与Bit分离模块358之间。再者,在图3所示举例中,原始视频图像源是8bit,在经过反Gamma校正、亮度校正等各种校正后,数据已然变成了16bit(也即24bit),之后经由本实施例的Bit优化模块356的Bit优化处理后缩减至13bit,再经由Bit分离模块358进行Bit分离处理后由存储控制模块33保存至存储模块例如SDRAM中供显示驱动模块37使用。
对于每个扫描卡30来说,都可以从前端发送卡得到三个关键信息:场同步信号、扫描卡的起始像素点坐标(StartX,StartY)和扫描卡带载的图像数据大小(TotalX,TotalY)。依据这三个参数,可得到当前处理视频图像帧序号以及每个像素在整个LED显示屏的具体位置,从而确定与之对应的旋转抖动矩阵值,通过比较最终实现大位宽数据到小位宽数据的转换。假设(StartX,StartY)=(0,128)、(TotalX,TotalY)=(128,128)且扫描卡30上SDRAM的数据存储格式为每行存储Col=256个像素数据,计算步骤如下:
(一)计算接收到的像素值所对应的整个LED显示屏的具体位置。在数据转换模块35中,根据走线表可以得到原始视频图像数据像素值在SDRAM中的行列坐标(RowAddr,ColAddr)。由于原始图像数据像素值是按序存放的,所以可通过计算得到其对应到LED显示屏上的具体位置坐标 (i,j)。同理,通过场同步信号可得到数据帧计数framecnt。假设为RowAddr为0,ColAddr为200,framecnt为5,则该像素值对应到LED显示屏的具体位置坐标(i,j)以及与之对应的旋转抖动矩阵Matm中的序号m为:
(i,j)=(StartX+fix((RowAddr×Col+ColAddr)/TotalY),StartY+rem(RowAddr×Col+ColAddr,TotalY)-1)
=(0+fix((0×256+200)/128),128+rem(0×256+200,128)-1)
=(1,199)
m=rem(framecnt/4)=rem(5/4)=1
其中,fix()为取整函数,rem()为求余函数。
(二)根据旋转抖动矩阵算法,对当前处理的像素和确定的旋转抖动矩阵Matm做比较,并将残差保存至提前分配好的存储空间例如SDRAM空间中对应的位置,以备下一帧处理使用。此处,“对应”的意思是残差值与原图像像素值的存储位置一一对应,方便后续规划以及程序实现,这一点可以通过走线表得以实现。若像素的具体位置坐标i,j均为偶数,则其与旋转抖动矩阵Mat1中(0,0)位置的数据比较;若i为偶数且j为奇数,则其与Mat1中(0,1)位置的数据比较;若i奇数为且j为偶数,则其与Mat1中(1,0)位置的数据比较;若i,j均为奇数,则其与Mat1中(1,1)位置的数据比较。
假设要实现的8bit像素值为45,则有:
A).8bit像素值转换为5bit像素值:Value=Value-error=45×32/256-error=5.625-error=Int=Dec。若为第一帧,则error为0,之后的数据帧的error为上一帧数据的残差;
B).由于framecnt为5,若i,j均为奇数,所以将其小数部分与Mat1中 (1,1)位置的数据作比较,结果为1,转换后的整数部分Int加1;
C).根据公式result=(1/(2×2))×ceil(Dec/(1/(2×2)))=0.25×ceil(Dec/0.25),得到最终的实现结果result=0.75,并将其与原来欲实现的小数部分作残差:error=result-Dec=0.75-0.625=0.125;
D).根据走线表将该残差存放至提前规划好的对应的SDRAM空间,以备下一帧数据处理过程使用。
(三)将处理后的图像像素数据送至Bit分离模块358进行Bit分离处理。
鉴于数据接收模块31接收到的数据是数据流,所以重复以上三个步骤(a)-(c)即可完成Bit优化。
假设截取的2×2维的原始像素为:
Figure PCTCN2017101296-appb-000008
待实现的小数部分
Figure PCTCN2017101296-appb-000009
则根据以上的步骤,可以很容易得到四帧图像数据处理后的结果,分别如下:
像素转换得到的小数部分:
Figure PCTCN2017101296-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2017101296-appb-000011
小数部分比较结果:
Figure PCTCN2017101296-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2017101296-appb-000013
残差:
Figure PCTCN2017101296-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2017101296-appb-000015
从以上的结果可以看出,经过了四帧数据的累积处理,残差已然变成了0,四帧数据叠加累积实现的结果为
Figure PCTCN2017101296-appb-000016
由于人眼观察到的图像是局部的均值效果,所以
Figure PCTCN2017101296-appb-000017
(其中sum(Vavg)表示矩阵Vavg中各元素求和),即最终实现的小数部分就等于欲实现的小数部分,完成原图像数据的准确表达。
本质上说,要实现数据的准确表达,即关键是小数部分的精确转换。本实施例提出的视频图像处理方法就是将小数部分信息转移到相邻数据帧中,在数据帧累积的过程中,将残差也累积,实现精度的分散实现。结合人眼的惰性特性:局部平均灰度近似于原始图像的局部平均灰度,得到整体色调连续的效果。由于数据位宽明显较小,所以在降低资源开销或者提高刷新率的前提下,仍能较完整准确地表达原始图像的信息。
综上所述,本公开前述实施例针对相关技术中存在低Bit灰度丢失的问题,提出了将旋转抖动矩阵处理算法与帧间误差累积结合应用于扫描卡功能实现中。通过对相邻帧的视频图像数据采用不同的旋转矩阵做处理、并做残差累积,实现在高位宽数据到低位宽数据转换的同时,仍能较完整地表达原始视频图像的信息,减小了驱动芯片低Bit未实现对灰度表现的影响,使得灰度过渡更为平滑,另一方面,由于减小了bit的实现位数,所以刷新率也提高了。
此外值得一提的是,可以将本公开前述实施例的扫描卡应用于图1所示的LED显示屏控制系统以得到改进的LED显示屏控制系统。
最后值得一提的是,根据前述实施例的描述,还可以归纳出一种图像数据处理方法,适于执行于包括扫描卡和LED显示屏(由一个或多个LED灯板拼接而成)的LED显示屏控制系统。所述图像数据处理方法例如包括步骤:接收输入的图像数据;对所述图像数据进行校正以得到校正后的图像数据;利用k×k维的周期性旋转抖动矩阵结合帧间误差累积将所述校正后的图像数据的位宽减小Nbit以得到Bit优化后的图像数据,其中N>k≥2;对所述Bit优化后的图像数据进行Bit分离以得到Bit分离后的图像数据;以及产生控制时序并根据所述控制时序将所述Bit分离后的图像数据输出以供驱动所述LED显示屏。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中,应该理解到,所揭露的系统,装置和方法,可以通过其它的方式实现。例如,以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的,例如,所述单元的划分,仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分,实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式,例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统,或一些特征可以忽略,或不执行。另一点,所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口,装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接,可以是电性,机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的,作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元,即可以位于一个地方,或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外,在本公开各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单 元中,也可以是各个单元单独物理存在,也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现,也可以采用硬件加软件功能单元的形式实现。
上述以软件功能单元的形式实现的集成的单元,可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。上述软件功能单元存储在一个存储介质中,包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机,服务器,或者网络设备等)的一个或多个处理器执行本公开各个实施例所述方法的部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括:U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory,简称ROM)、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory,简称RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本公开的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本公开进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本公开各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种扫描卡,包括:
    存储控制模块;
    数据接收模块,用于接收输入的图像数据并经由所述存储控制模块存储至存储器中;
    数据转换模块,用于经由所述存储控制模块从所述存储器中获取图像数据以进行校正和Bit分离、再经由所述存储控制模块将Bit分离后的图像数据存储至所述存储器;
    显示驱动模块,用于产生控制时序并根据所述控制时序经由所述存储控制模块从所述存储器读取Bit分离后的图像数据以进行输出;
    其中,所述数据转换模块包括:
    Bit优化模块,用于利用周期性旋转抖动矩阵结合帧间误差累积减小在进行所述校正之后且在进行所述Bit分离之前的图像数据的位宽。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的扫描卡,其中,所述数据转换模块包括:Gamma校正模块、亮度校正模块和Bit分离模块;所述校正包括利用所述Gamma校正模块进行的反Gamma校正和在进行所述反Gamma校正之后利用所述亮度校正模块进行的亮度校正,且所述Bit分离模块用于进行所述Bit分离。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的扫描卡,其中,所述校正包括用于对经由所述存储控制模块从所述存储器中获取的位宽为2nbit的图像数据进行反Gamma校正以映射成位宽为2mbit的图像数据,其中n<m;所述Bit优 化模块具体用于利用k×k维的周期性旋转抖动矩阵结合帧间误差累积将在进行所述校正之后且在进行所述Bit分离之前的图像数据的位宽减小至(2m-N)bit,且N>k≥2,其中N,K均为正整数。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的扫描卡,其中,所述扫描卡包括可编程逻辑器件,所述存储器外接于所述可编程逻辑器件,且所述数据接收模块、所述存储控制模块、所述数据转换模块和所述显示驱动模块整合于所述可编程逻辑器件。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的扫描卡,其中,利用周期性旋转抖动矩阵结合帧间误差累积减小在进行所述校正之后且在进行所述Bit分离之前的图像数据的位宽具体包括:
    对当前图像数据帧进行降灰阶处理以得到降灰阶处理后图像数据,其中所述降灰阶处理将所述当前图像数据帧中的图像数据位宽缩减Nbit;
    将所述降灰阶处理后图像数据的各个像素点位置的像素值小数部分与k×k维的周期性旋转抖动矩阵中的一个相对应旋转抖动矩阵进行比较以确定像素值整数部分是否需要加1,并根据公式result=(1/(k×k))×ceil(Dec/(1/(k×k)))得到像素值小数部分的实现结果,其中ceil()表示向上取整函数,result表示像素值小数部分的实现结果,Dec表示像素值小数部分,k≥2且偶数,N>k且为奇数;
    获取所述实现结果与所述降灰阶处理后图像数据帧的各个像素点位置的像素值小数部分之间的差值;以及
    将所述差值累积至下一个图像数据帧进行降灰阶处理后的图像数据 中。
  6. 一种LED显示屏控制系统,包括:发送卡、如权利要求1至5任意一项所述的扫描卡、以及LED灯板;所述扫描卡连接所述发送卡和所述LED灯板。
  7. 一种图像数据处理方法,适于执行于包括扫描卡和LED显示屏的LED显示屏控制系统;其中,所述图像数据处理方法包括:
    (i)接收输入的图像数据;
    (ii)对所述图像数据进行校正以得到校正后的图像数据;
    (iii)利用k×k维的周期性旋转抖动矩阵结合帧间误差累积将所述校正后的图像数据的位宽减小Nbit以得到Bit优化后的图像数据,其中N>k≥2且k为偶数;
    (iv)对所述Bit优化后的图像数据进行Bit分离以得到Bit分离后的图像数据;
    (v)产生控制时序并根据所述控制时序将所述Bit分离后的图像数据输出以供驱动所述LED显示屏。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的图像数据处理方法,其中,步骤(iii)包括:
    根据场同步信号、所述扫描卡的起始像素点坐标和所述扫描卡带载的图像数据大小确定每一帧图像数据中的每一个像素值对应到所述LED显示屏的位置坐标和相对应的旋转抖动矩阵。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的图像数据处理方法,其中,步骤(iii)还包括:
    对当前图像数据帧进行降灰阶处理以得到降灰阶处理后图像数据,其中所述降灰阶处理将所述当前图像数据帧中的图像数据位宽减少 Nbit;
    将所述降灰阶处理后图像数据的各个像素点位置的像素值小数部分与k×k维的周期性旋转抖动矩阵中的一个相对应旋转抖动矩阵进行比较以确定像素值整数部分是否需要加1,并根据公式result=(1/(k×k))×ceil(Dec/(1/(k×k)))得到像素值小数部分的实现结果,其中ceil()表示向上取整函数,result表示像素值小数部分的实现结果,Dec表示像素值小数部分,k为偶数,N为奇数;
    获取所述实现结果与所述降灰阶处理后图像数据帧的各个像素点位置的像素值小数部分之间的差值;以及
    将所述差值累积至下一个图像数据帧进行降灰阶处理后的图像数据中。
  10. 如权利要求7-9任意一项所述的图像数据处理方法,其中,步骤(ii)中的所述校正包括依序进行的反Gamma校正和亮度校正。
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