WO2018164757A1 - Récupération pour un dispositif sans fil de 20 mhz fonctionnant sur un canal de 20 mhz non primaire - Google Patents

Récupération pour un dispositif sans fil de 20 mhz fonctionnant sur un canal de 20 mhz non primaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018164757A1
WO2018164757A1 PCT/US2017/068745 US2017068745W WO2018164757A1 WO 2018164757 A1 WO2018164757 A1 WO 2018164757A1 US 2017068745 W US2017068745 W US 2017068745W WO 2018164757 A1 WO2018164757 A1 WO 2018164757A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
primary
mhz channel
station
mhz
channel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2017/068745
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English (en)
Inventor
Arik Klein
Daniel LEIDERMAN
Po-Kai Huang
Yaron Alpert
Robert J. Stacey
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Intel Corporation
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Publication of WO2018164757A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018164757A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/02—Selection of wireless resources by user or terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0453—Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H04W74/006—Transmission of channel access control information in the downlink, i.e. towards the terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

Definitions

  • Embodiments pertain to wireless networks and wireless communications. Some embodiments relate to wireless local area networks (WLANs) and Wi-Fi networks including networks operating in accordance with the IEEE 802.1 1 family of standards. Some embodiments relate to IEEE 802.1 lax. Some embodiments relate to methods, computer readable media, and apparatus for recovery for 20 MHz wireless device operating on non-primary 20 MHz channel. Some embodiments relate to methods, computer readable media, and apparatus for a 20 MHz only wireless device to operate on a primary 20 MHz channel and a non-primary 20 MHz channel.
  • WLANs wireless local area networks
  • Wi-Fi networks including networks operating in accordance with the IEEE 802.1 1 family of standards.
  • Some embodiments relate to IEEE 802.1 lax.
  • Some embodiments relate to methods, computer readable media, and apparatus for recovery for 20 MHz wireless device operating on non-primary 20 MHz channel. Some embodiments relate to methods, computer readable media, and apparatus for a 20 MHz only wireless device to operate on a primary 20 MHz channel and a non-primary
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a radio architecture in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a front-end module circuitry for use in the radio architecture of FIG. 1 in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a radio IC circuitry for use in the radio architecture of FIG. 1 in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a baseband processing circuitry for use in the radio architecture of FIG.1 in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a WLAN in accordance with some
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an example machine upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may perform;
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless device upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies or operations) discussed herein may perform;
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a method for recovery for 20 MHz wireless device operating on non-primary 20 MHz channel in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a high-efficiency (HE) station in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a HE access point (AP) in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 1 1 illustrates a downlink (DL) multi-user (MU) transmission in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a DL MU transmission in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a DL MU transmission in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a DL MU transmission in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a method for operating periods for a 20 MHz primary channel in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 16 illustrates a 20 MHz only information element (IE) in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 17 illustrates periods for a station in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 18 illustrates a DL MU transmission in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 19 illustrates a method of recovery for 20 MHz wireless devices operating on non-primary 20 MHz channels, in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 20 illustrates a method of recovery for 20 MHz wireless devices operating on non-primary 20 MHz channels, in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 21 illustrates a method of defining a primary 20 MHz channel operating period, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 22 illustrates a method of defining a primary 20 MHz channel operating period, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a radio architecture 100 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Radio architecture 100 may include radio front-end module (FEM) circuitry 104, radio IC circuitry 106 and baseband processing circuitry 108.
  • Radio architecture 100 as shown includes both Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) functionality and Bluetooth (BT) functionality although embodiments are not so limited.
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
  • BT Bluetooth
  • FEM circuitry 104 may include a WLAN or Wi-Fi FEM circuitry
  • the WLAN FEM circuitry 104A may include a receive signal path comprising circuitry configured to operate on WLAN RF signals received from one or more antennas 101, to amplify the received signals and to provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the WLAN radio IC circuitry 106A for further processing.
  • the BT FEM circuitry 104B may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry configured to operate on BT RF signals received from one or more antennas 101, to amplify the received signals and to provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the BT radio IC circuitry 106B for further processing.
  • FEM circuitry 104A may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify WLAN signals provided by the radio IC circuitry 106A for wireless transmission by one or more of the antennas 101.
  • FEM circuitry 104B may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify BT signals provided by the radio IC circuitry 106B for wireless transmission by the one or more antennas.
  • FIG. 1 In the embodiment of FIG.
  • FEM 104A and FEM 104B are shown as being distinct from one another, embodiments are not so limited, and include within their scope the use of an FEM (not shown) that includes a transmit path and/or a receive path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use of one or more FEM circuitries where at least some of the FEM circuitries share transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals.
  • Radio IC circuitry 106 as shown may include WLAN radio IC circuitry 106A and BT radio IC circuitry 106B.
  • the WLAN radio IC circuitry 106A may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down- convert WLAN RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 104A and provide baseband signals to WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108A.
  • BT radio IC circuitry 106B may in turn include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert BT RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 104B and provide baseband signals to BT baseband processing circuitry 108B.
  • WLAN radio IC circuitry 106A may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert WLAN baseband signals provided by the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108 A and provide WLAN RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 104A for subsequent wireless transmission by the one or more antennas 101.
  • BT radio IC circuitry 106B may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert BT baseband signals provided by the BT baseband processing circuitry 108B and provide BT RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 104B for subsequent wireless transmission by the one or more antennas 101.
  • radio IC circuitries 106A and 106B are shown as being distinct from one another, embodiments are not so limited, and include within their scope the use of a radio IC circuitry (not shown) that includes a transmit signal path and/or a receive signal path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use of one or more radio IC circuitries where at least some of the radio IC circuitries share transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals.
  • Baseband processing circuity 108 may include a WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108A and a BT baseband processing circuitry 108B.
  • the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108A may include a memory, such as, for example, a set of RAM arrays in a Fast Fourier Transform or Inverse Fast Fourier Transform block (not shown) of the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108A.
  • Each of the WLAN baseband circuitry 108A and the BT baseband circuitry 108B may further include one or more processors and control logic to process the signals received from the corresponding WLAN or BT receive signal path of the radio IC circuitry 106, and to also generate corresponding WLAN or BT baseband signals for the transmit signal path of the radio IC circuitry 106.
  • Each of the baseband processing circuitries 108A and 108B may further include physical layer (PHY) and medium access control layer (MAC) circuitry, and may further interface with application processor 1 11 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the radio IC circuitry 106.
  • PHY physical layer
  • MAC medium access control layer
  • WLAN-BT coexistence circuitry 113 may include logic providing an interface between the WLAN baseband circuitry 108A and the BT baseband circuitry 108B to enable use cases requiring WLAN and BT coexistence.
  • a switch 103 may be provided between the WLAN FEM circuitry 104A and the BT FEM circuitry 104B to allow switching between the WLAN and BT radios according to application needs.
  • antennas 101 are depicted as being respectively connected to the WLAN FEM circuitry 104A and the BT FEM circuitry 104B, embodiments include within their scope the sharing of one or more antennas as between the WLAN and BT FEMs, or the provision of more than one antenna connected to each of FEM 104A or 104B.
  • the front-end module circuitry 104, the radio IC circuitry 106, and baseband processing circuitry 108 may be provided on a single radio card, such as wireless radio card 102.
  • the one or more antennas 101, the FEM circuitry 104 and the radio IC circuitry 106 may be provided on a single radio card.
  • the radio IC circuitry 106 and the baseband processing circuitry 108 may be provided on a single chip or integrated circuit (IC), such as IC 1 12.
  • the wireless radio card 102 may include a
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured to receive and transmit orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication signals over a multicarrier communication channel.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexed
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • radio architecture 100 may be part of a Wi-Fi communication station (STA) such as a wireless access point (AP), a base station or a mobile device including a Wi-Fi device.
  • STA Wi-Fi communication station
  • AP wireless access point
  • radio architecture 100 may be configured to transmit and receive signals in accordance with specific communication standards and/or protocols, such as any of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards including, IEEE 802.1 1n-2009, IEEE 802.1 1-2012, IEEE 802.1 1-2016, IEEE 802.1 lac, and/or IEEE 802.1 lax standards and/or proposed specifications for WLANs, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • Radio architecture 100 may also be suitable to transmit and/or receive communications in accordance with other techniques and standards.
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured for high-efficiency (HE) Wi-Fi (HEW) communications in accordance with the IEEE 802.1 lax standard.
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured to communicate in accordance with an OFDMA technique, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured to transmit and receive signals transmitted using one or more other modulation techniques such as spread spectrum modulation (e.g., direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and/or frequency hopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA)), time-division multiplexing (TDM) modulation, and/or frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) modulation, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • spread spectrum modulation e.g., direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and/or frequency hopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA)
  • TDM time-division multiplexing
  • FDM frequency-division multiplexing
  • the BT baseband circuitry 108B may be compliant with a Bluetooth (BT) connectivity standard such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth 4.0 or Bluetooth 5.0, or any other iteration of the Bluetooth Standard.
  • BT Bluetooth
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured to establish a BT synchronous connection oriented (SCO) link and/or a BT low energy (BT LE) link.
  • SCO BT synchronous connection oriented
  • BT LE BT low energy
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured to establish an extended SCO (eSCO) link for BT communications, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the radio architecture may be configured to engage in a BT Asynchronous Connection-Less (ACL) communications, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • ACL Asynchronous Connection-Less
  • the functions of a BT radio card and WLAN radio card may be combined on a single wireless radio card, such as single wireless radio card 102, although embodiments are not so limited, and include within their scope discrete WLAN and BT radio cards
  • the radio-architecture 100 may include other radio cards, such as a cellular radio card configured for cellular (e.g., 3GPP such as LTE, LTE-Advanced or 5G communications).
  • a cellular radio card configured for cellular (e.g., 3GPP such as LTE, LTE-Advanced or 5G communications).
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured for communication over various channel bandwidths including bandwidths having center frequencies of about 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and bandwidths of about 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 4 MHz, 5MHz, 8 MHz, 10 MHz, 16 MHz, 20 MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz (with contiguous bandwidths) or 80+80MHz (160MHz) (with non-contiguous bandwidths).
  • bandwidths having center frequencies of about 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and bandwidths of about 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 4 MHz, 5MHz, 8 MHz, 10 MHz, 16 MHz, 20 MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz (with contiguous bandwidths) or 80+80MHz (160MHz) (with non-contiguous bandwidths).
  • a 320 MHz channel bandwidth may be used. The scope of the embodiments is not limited with respect to the above center frequencies however.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates FEM circuitry 200 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the FEM circuitry 200 is one example of circuitry that may be suitable for use as the WLAN and/or BT FEM circuitry 104A/104B (FIG. 1), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.
  • the FEM circuitry 200 may include a
  • the FEM circuitry 200 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
  • the receive signal path of the FEM circuitry 200 may include a low -noise amplifier (LNA) 206 to amplify received RF signals 203 and provide the amplified received RF signals 207 as an output (e.g., to the radio IC circuitry 106 (FIG. 1)).
  • LNA low -noise amplifier
  • the transmit signal path of the circuitry 200 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals 209 (e.g., provided by the radio IC circuitry 106), and one or more filters 212, such as band-pass filters (BPFs), low-pass filters (LPFs) or other types of filters, to generate RF signals 215 for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the antennas 101 (FIG. 1)) ⁇ [0043]
  • PA power amplifier
  • filters 212 such as band-pass filters (BPFs), low-pass filters (LPFs) or other types of filters
  • the FEM circuitry 200 may be configured to operate in either the 2.4 GHz frequency spectrum or the 5 GHz frequency spectrum.
  • the receive signal path of the FEM circuitry 200 may include a receive signal path duplexer 204 to separate the signals from each spectrum as well as provide a separate
  • the transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 200 may also include a power amplifier 210 and a filter 212, such as a BPF, a LPF or another type of filter for each frequency spectrum and a transmit signal path duplexer 214 to provide the signals of one of the different spectrums onto a single transmit path for subsequent transmission by the one or more of the antennas 101 (FIG. 1).
  • BT communications may utilize the 2.4 GHZ signal paths and may utilize the same FEM circuitry 200 as the one used for WLAN communications.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates radio IC circuitry 300 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the radio IC circuitry 300 is one example of circuitry that may be suitable for use as the WLAN or BT radio IC circuitry 106A/106B (FIG. 1), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.
  • the radio IC circuitry 300 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
  • the receive signal path of the radio IC circuitry 300 may include at least mixer circuitry 302, such as, for example, down-conversion mixer circuitry, amplifier circuitry 306 and filter circuitry 308.
  • the transmit signal path of the radio IC circuitry 300 may include at least filter circuitry 312 and mixer circuitry 314, such as, for example, up- conversion mixer circuitry.
  • Radio IC circuitry 300 may also include synthesizer circuitry 304 for synthesizing a frequency 305 for use by the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314.
  • the mixer circuitry 302 and/or 314 may each, according to some embodiments, be configured to provide direct conversion functionality.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates only a simplified version of a radio IC circuitry, and may include, although not shown, embodiments where each of the depicted circuitries may include more than one component.
  • mixer circuitry 320 and/or 314 may each include one or more mixers
  • filter circuitries 308 and/or 312 may each include one or more filters, such as one or more BPFs and/or LPFs according to application needs.
  • mixer circuitries when mixer circuitries are of the direct-conversion type, they may each include two or more mixers.
  • mixer circuitry 302 may be configured to down-convert RF signals 207 received from the FEM circuitry 104 (FIG. 1) based on the synthesized frequency 305 provided by synthesizer circuitry 304.
  • the amplifier circuitry 306 may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 308 may include a LPF configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals 307.
  • Output baseband signals 307 may be provided to the baseband processing circuitry 108 (FIG. 1) for further processing.
  • the output baseband signals 307 may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement.
  • mixer circuitry 302 may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the mixer circuitry 314 may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals 31 1 based on the synthesized frequency 305 provided by the synthesizer circuitry 304 to generate RF output signals 209 for the FEM circuitry 104.
  • the baseband signals 31 1 may be provided by the baseband processing circuitry 108 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 312.
  • the filter circuitry 312 may include a LPF or a BPF, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314 may each include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature down-conversion and/or up-conversion respectively with the help of synthesizer 304.
  • the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314 may each include two or more mixers each configured for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection).
  • the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314 may be arranged for direct down- conversion and/or direct up-conversion, respectively.
  • the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314 may be configured for superheterodyne operation, although this is not a requirement.
  • Mixer circuitry 302 may comprise, according to one embodiment: quadrature passive mixers (e.g., for the in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) paths).
  • RF input signal 207 from Fig. 3 may be down- converted to provide I and Q baseband output signals to be sent to the baseband processor
  • Quadrature passive mixers may be driven by zero and ninety- degree time -varying LO switching signals provided by a quadrature circuitry which may be configured to receive a LO frequency (fLo) from a local oscillator or a synthesizer, such as LO frequency 305 of synthesizer 304 (FIG. 3).
  • the LO frequency may be the carrier frequency, while in other embodiments, the LO frequency may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., one-half the carrier frequency, one-third the carrier frequency).
  • the zero and ninety-degree time-varying switching signals may be generated by the synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the LO signals may differ in duty cycle
  • each branch of the mixer circuitry e.g., the in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) path
  • the RF input signal 207 may comprise a balanced signal, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the I and Q baseband output signals may be provided to low-nose amplifier, such as amplifier circuitry 306 (FIG. 3) or to filter circuitry 308 (FIG. 3).
  • the output baseband signals 307 and the input baseband signals 31 1 may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternate
  • the output baseband signals 307 and the input baseband signals 31 1 may be digital baseband signals.
  • the radio IC circuitry may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry.
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • DAC digital-to-analog converter
  • a separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, or for other spectrums not mentioned here, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 304 may be a fractional -N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable.
  • synthesizer circuitry 304 may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 304 may include digital synthesizer circuitry.
  • frequency input into synthesizer circuity 304 may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement.
  • VCO voltage controlled oscillator
  • a divider control input may further be provided by either the baseband processing circuitry 108 (FIG. 1) or the application processor 1 1 1 (FIG. 1) depending on the desired output frequency 305.
  • a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table (e.g., within a Wi-Fi card) based on a channel number and a channel center frequency as determined or indicated by the application processor 1 1 1.
  • synthesizer circuitry 304 may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency 305, while in other embodiments, the output frequency 305 may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., one-half the carrier frequency, one-third the carrier frequency). In some embodiments, the output frequency 305 may be a LO frequency (fLo).
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a functional block diagram of baseband processing circuitry 400 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the baseband processing circuitry 400 is one example of circuitry that may be suitable for use as the baseband processing circuitry 108 (FIG. 1), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.
  • the baseband processing circuitry 400 may include a receive baseband processor (RX BBP) 402 for processing receive baseband signals 309 provided by the radio IC circuitry 106 (FIG. 1) and a transmit baseband processor (TX BBP) 404 for generating transmit baseband signals 31 1 for the radio IC circuitry 106.
  • the baseband processing circuitry 400 may also include control logic 406 for coordinating the operations of the baseband processing circuitry 400.
  • the baseband processing circuitry 400 may include ADC 410 to convert analog baseband signals received from the radio IC circuitry 106 to digital baseband signals for processing by the RX BBP 402.
  • ADC 410 to convert analog baseband signals received from the radio IC circuitry 106 to digital baseband signals for processing by the RX BBP 402.
  • the baseband processing circuitry 400 may also include DAC 412 to convert digital baseband signals from the TX BBP 404 to analog baseband signals.
  • the transmit baseband processor 404 may be configured to generate OFDM or OFDMA signals as appropriate for transmission by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT).
  • the receive baseband processor 402 may be configured to process received OFDM signals or OFDMA signals by performing an FFT.
  • the receive baseband processor 402 may be configured to detect the presence of an OFDM signal or OFDMA signal by performing an autocorrelation, to detect a preamble, such as a short preamble, and by performing a cross-correlation, to detect a long preamble.
  • the preambles may be part of a predetermined frame structure for Wi-Fi communication.
  • the antennas 101 are identical to each other. [0060] Referring back to FIG. 1, in some embodiments, the antennas 101 are identical to each other.
  • FIG. 1 may each comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • the antennas may be effectively separated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result.
  • Antennas 101 may each include a set of phased-array antennas, although embodiments are not so limited.
  • the radio-architecture 100 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein.
  • the functional elements may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a WLAN 500 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the WLAN 500 may comprise a basis service set (BSS) that may include a HE access point (AP) 502, which may be an AP, a plurality of high- efficiency wireless (e.g., IEEE 802.1 lax) (HE) stations 504, and a plurality of legacy (e.g., IEEE 802.11n/ac) devices 506.
  • BSS basis service set
  • AP HE access point
  • HE high- efficiency wireless
  • legacy e.g., IEEE 802.11n/ac
  • the HE AP 502 may be an AP using the IEEE 802.11 to transmit and receive.
  • the HE AP 502 may be a base station.
  • the HE AP 502 may use other communications protocols as well as the IEEE 802.11 protocol.
  • the IEEE 802.11 protocol may be IEEE 802.1 lax.
  • the IEEE 802.11 protocol may include using orthogonal frequency division multiple-access (OFDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), and/or code division multiple access (CDMA).
  • the IEEE 802.11 protocol may include a multiple access technique.
  • the IEEE 802.11 protocol may include space-division multiple access (SDMA) and/or multiple-user multiple-input multiple -output (MU-MIMO).
  • SDMA space-division multiple access
  • MU-MIMO multiple-user multiple-input multiple -output
  • There may be more than one HE AP 502 that is part of an extended service set (ESS).
  • a controller (not illustrated) may store information that is common to the more than one
  • the legacy devices 506 may operate in accordance with one or more of IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac/ad/af/ah/aj/ay, or another legacy wireless communication standard.
  • the legacy devices 506 may be STAs or IEEE STAs.
  • the HE STAs 504 may be wireless transmit and receive devices such as cellular telephone, portable electronic wireless communication devices, smart telephone, handheld wireless device, wireless glasses, wireless watch, wireless personal device, tablet, or another device that may be transmitting and receiving using the IEEE 802.1 1 protocol such as IEEE 802.1 lax or another wireless protocol.
  • the HE STAs 504 may be termed high efficiency (HE) stations.
  • HE high efficiency
  • the HE AP 502 may communicate with legacy devices 506 in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.1 1 communication techniques.
  • the HE AP 502 may also be configured to communicate with HE STAs 504 in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.1 1 communication techniques.
  • a HE frame may be configurable to have the same bandwidth as a channel.
  • the HE frame may be a physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU).
  • PLCP physical Layer Convergence Procedure
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • MAC media access control
  • the bandwidth of a channel may be 20MHz, 40MHz, or 80MHz,
  • the bandwidth of a channel may be 1 MHz, 1.25MHz, 2.03MHz, 2.5MHz, 4.06 MHz, 5MHz and 10MHz, or a combination thereof or another bandwidth that is less or equal to the available bandwidth may also be used.
  • the bandwidth of the channels may be based on a number of active data subcarriers. In some embodiments the bandwidth of the channels is based on 26, 52, 106, 242, 484, 996, or 2x996 active data subcarriers or tones that are spaced by 20 MHz. In some embodiments the bandwidth of the channels is 256 tones spaced by 20 MHz. In some embodiments the channels are multiple of 26 tones or a multiple of 20 MHz. In some embodiments a 20 MHz channel may comprise 242 active data subcarriers or tones, which may determine the size of a Fast Fourier
  • FFT Fast Fourier Transform
  • the RU are used in the 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz and 80+80 MHz OFDMA HE PPDU formats.
  • the 106-subcarrier RU is used in the 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz and 80+80 MHz OFDMA and MU-MIMO HE PPDU formats.
  • the 242-subcarrier RU is used in the 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz and 80+80 MHz OFDMA and MU- MIMO HE PPDU formats.
  • the 484-subcarrier RU is used in the 80 MHz, 160 MHz and 80+80 MHz OFDMA and MU-MIMO HE PPDU formats.
  • the 996-subcarrier RU is used in the 160 MHz and 80+80 MHz OFDMA and MU-MIMO HE PPDU formats.
  • a HE frame may be configured for transmitting a number of spatial streams, which may be in accordance with MU-MIMO and may be in accordance with OFDMA.
  • the HE AP 502, HE STA 504, and/or legacy device 506 may also implement different technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) 2000, CDMA 2000 IX, CDMA 2000 Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO), Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), BlueTooth®, or other technologies.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • CDMA 2000 IX CDMA 2000 Evolution-Data Optimized
  • EV-DO Evolution-Data Optimized
  • IS-2000 Interim Standard 2000
  • IS-95 IS-95
  • a HE AP 502 may operate as a master station which may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium (e.g., during a contention period) to receive exclusive control of the medium for an HE control period.
  • the HE control period may be termed a transmission opportunity (TXOP).
  • TXOP transmission opportunity
  • the HE AP 502 may transmit a HE master-sync transmission, which may be a trigger frame or HE control and schedule transmission, at the beginning of the HE control period.
  • the HE AP 502 may transmit a time duration of the TXOP and sub-channel information.
  • HE STAs 504 may communicate with the HE AP 502 in accordance with a non-contention based multiple access technique such as OFDMA or MU-MIMO. This is unlike conventional WLAN communications in which devices communicate in accordance with a contention- based communication technique, rather than a multiple access technique.
  • the HE AP 502 may communicate with HE stations 504 using one or more HE frames.
  • the HE STAs 504 may operate on a sub-channel smaller than the operating range of the HE AP 502.
  • legacy stations refrain from communicating. The legacy stations may need to receive the communication from the HE AP 502 to defer from communicating.
  • the HE STAs 504 may contend for the wireless medium with the legacy devices 506 being excluded from contending for the wireless medium during the master-sync transmission.
  • the trigger frame may indicate an uplink (UL) UL-MU-MIMO and/or UL OFDMA TXOP.
  • the trigger frame may include a DL UL-MU-MIMO and/or DL OFDMA with a schedule indicated in a preamble portion of trigger frame.
  • the multiple-access technique used during the HE TXOP may be a scheduled OFDMA technique, although this is not a requirement.
  • the multiple access technique may be a time-division multiple access (TDMA) technique or a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) technique.
  • the multiple access technique may be a space-division multiple access (SDMA) technique.
  • the multiple access technique may be a Code division multiple access (CDMA).
  • the HE AP 502 may also communicate with legacy stations 506 and/or HE stations 504 in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.1 1 communication techniques.
  • the HE AP 502 may also be configurable to communicate with HE stations 504 outside the HE TXOP in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.1 1 communication techniques, although this is not a requirement.
  • the HE station 504 may be a "group owner" (GO) for peer-to-peer modes of operation.
  • a wireless device may be a HE station 502 or a HE AP 502.
  • the HE station 504 and/or HE AP 502 may be configured to operate in accordance with IEEE 802.1 lmc.
  • the radio architecture of FIG. 1 is configured to implement the HE station 504 and/or the HE AP 502.
  • the front-end module circuitry of FIG. 2 is configured to implement the HE station 504 and/or the HE AP 502.
  • the radio IC circuitry of FIG. 3 is configured to implement the HE station 504 and/or the HE AP 502.
  • the base-band processing circuitry of FIG. 4 is configured to implement the HE station 504 and/or the HE AP 502.
  • the HE stations 504, HE AP 502, an apparatus of the HE stations 504, and/or an apparatus of the HE AP 502 may include one or more of the following: the radio architecture of FIG. 1, the front- end module circuitry of FIG. 2, the radio IC circuitry of FIG. 3, and/or the baseband processing circuitry of FIG. 4.
  • the radio architecture of FIG. 1, the front-end module circuitry of FIG. 2, the radio IC circuitry of FIG. 3, and/or the base-band processing circuitry of FIG. 4 may be configured to perform the methods and operations/functions herein described in conjunction with FIGS. 1- 22.
  • the HE station 504 and/or the HE AP are HE stations 504 and/or the HE AP.
  • Wi-Fi may refer to one or more of the IEEE 802.1 1
  • AP and STA may refer to HE access point 502 and/or HE station 504 as well as legacy devices 506.
  • a HE AP STA may refer to a HE AP 502 and a HE STAs 504 that is operating a HE APs 502.
  • when an HE STA 504 is not operating as a HE AP it may be referred to as a HE non-AP STA or HE non-AP.
  • HE STA 504 may be referred to as either a HE AP STA or a HE non-AP.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an example machine 600 upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may perform.
  • the machine 600 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine 600 may operate in the capacity of a server machine, a client machine, or both in server-client network environments. In an example, the machine 600 may act as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environment.
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • the machine 600 may be a HE AP 502, HE station 504, personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable communications device, a mobile telephone, a smart phone, a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine.
  • PC personal computer
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • portable communications device a mobile telephone
  • smart phone a web appliance
  • network router, switch or bridge or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine.
  • machine shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS), other computer cluster configurations.
  • Machine 600 may include a hardware processor 602 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 604 and a static memory 606, some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interlink (e.g., bus) 608.
  • a hardware processor 602 e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof
  • main memory 604 e.g., main memory
  • static memory 606 e.g., static memory
  • main memory 604 includes Random Access Memory (RAM), and semiconductor memory devices, which may include, in some embodiments, storage locations in semiconductors such as registers.
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • semiconductor memory devices which may include, in some embodiments, storage locations in semiconductors such as registers.
  • static memory 606 include non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only
  • EPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • flash memory devices such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; RAM; and CD-ROM and
  • the machine 600 may further include a display device 610, an input device 612 (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 614 (e.g., a mouse).
  • the display device 610, input device 612 and UI navigation device 614 may be a touch screen display.
  • the machine 600 may additionally include a mass storage (e.g., drive unit) 616, a signal generation device 618 (e.g., a speaker), a network interface device 620, and one or more sensors 621, such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, compass, accelerometer, or other sensor.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the machine 600 may include an output controller 628, such as a serial (e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared(IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, card reader, etc.).
  • a serial e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared(IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, card reader, etc.).
  • the processor 602 and/or instructions 624 may comprise processing circuitry and/or transceiver circuitry.
  • the storage device 616 may include a machine readable medium 622 on which is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 624 (e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the techniques or functions described herein.
  • the instructions 624 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 604, within static memory 606, or within the hardware processor 602 during execution thereof by the machine 600.
  • one or any combination of the hardware processor 602, the main memory 604, the static memory 606, or the storage device 616 may constitute machine readable media.
  • machine readable media may include: nonvolatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., EPROM or EEPROM) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; RAM; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
  • nonvolatile memory such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., EPROM or EEPROM) and flash memory devices
  • magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks
  • magneto-optical disks such as CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
  • machine readable medium 622 is illustrated as a single medium, the term “machine readable medium” may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 624.
  • machine readable medium may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 624.
  • An apparatus of the machine 600 may be one or more of a hardware processor 602 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 604 and a static memory 606, sensors 621, network interface device 620, antennas 660, a display device 610, an input device 612, a UI navigation device 614, a mass storage 616, instructions 624, a signal generation device 618, and an output controller 628.
  • the apparatus may be configured to perform one or more of the methods and/or operations disclosed herein.
  • the apparatus may be intended as a component of the machine 600 to perform one or more of the methods and/or operations disclosed herein, and/or to perform a portion of one or more of the methods and/or operations disclosed herein.
  • the apparatus may include a pin or other means to receive power.
  • the apparatus may include power conditioning hardware.
  • machine readable medium may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 600 and that cause the machine 600 to perform any one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions.
  • Non- limiting machine readable medium examples may include solid-state memories, and optical and magnetic media.
  • machine readable media may include: non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; Random Access Memory (RAM); and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
  • non-volatile memory such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices
  • magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks
  • magneto-optical disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
  • machine readable media may include non-transitory machine- readable media.
  • machine readable media may include machine readable media that is not a transitor
  • the instructions 624 may further be transmitted or received over a communications network 626 using a transmission medium via the network interface device 620 utilizing any one of a number of transfer protocols (e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.).
  • transfer protocols e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.
  • Example communication networks may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the Internet), mobile telephone networks (e.g., cellular networks), Plain Old Telephone (POTS) networks, and wireless data networks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) family of standards, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) family of standards, peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others.
  • LAN local area network
  • WAN wide area network
  • POTS Plain Old Telephone
  • wireless data networks e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®
  • IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE
  • the network interface device 620 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communications network 626.
  • the network interface device 620 may include one or more antennas 660 to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques.
  • SIMO single-input multiple-output
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • MISO multiple-input single-output
  • the network interface device 620 may wirelessly communicate using Multiple User MIMO techniques.
  • transmission medium shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 600, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible medium to facilitate communication of such software.
  • Examples, as described herein, may include, or may operate on, logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms.
  • Modules are tangible entities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain manner.
  • circuits may be arranged (e.g., internally or with respect to external entities such as other circuits) in a specified manner as a module.
  • the whole or part of one or more computer systems e.g., a standalone, client or server computer system
  • one or more hardware processors may be configured by firmware or software (e.g., instructions, an application portion, or an application) as a module that operates to perform specified operations.
  • the software may reside on a machine readable medium.
  • the software when executed by the underlying hardware of the module, causes the hardware to perform the specified operations.
  • module is understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, specifically configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily (e.g., transitorily) configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a specified manner or to perform part or all of any operation described herein.
  • each of the modules need not be instantiated at any one moment in time.
  • the modules comprise a general -purpose hardware processor configured using software
  • the general-purpose hardware processor may be configured as respective different modules at different times.
  • Software may accordingly configure a hardware processor, for example, to constitute a particular module at one instance of time and to constitute a different module at a different instance of time.
  • Some embodiments may be implemented fully or partially in software and/or firmware.
  • This software and/or firmware may take the form of instructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Those instructions may then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein.
  • the instructions may be in any suitable form, such as but not limited to source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like.
  • Such a computer-readable medium may include any tangible non- transitory medium for storing information in a form readable by one or more computers, such as but not limited to read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; flash memory, etc.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless device
  • the wireless device 700 may be a HE device.
  • the wireless device 700 may be a HE STA 504 and/or HE AP 502 (e.g., FIG. 5).
  • a HE STA 504 and/or HE AP 502 may include some or all of the components shown in FIGS. 1-7.
  • the wireless device 700 may be an example machine 600 as disclosed in conjunction with FIG. 6.
  • the wireless device 700 may include processing circuitry 708.
  • the processing circuitry 708 may include a transceiver 702, physical layer circuitry (PHY circuitry) 704, and MAC layer circuitry (MAC circuitry) 706, one or more of which may enable transmission and reception of signals to and from other wireless devices 700 (e.g., HE AP 502, HE STA 504, and/or legacy devices 506) using one or more antennas 712.
  • the PHY circuitry 704 may perform various encoding and decoding functions that may include formation of baseband signals for transmission and decoding of received signals.
  • the transceiver 702 may perform various transmission and reception functions such as conversion of signals between a baseband range and a Radio Frequency (RF) range.
  • RF Radio Frequency
  • the PHY circuitry 704 and the transceiver 702 may be separate components or may be part of a combined component, e.g., processing circuitry 708.
  • some of the described functionality related to transmission and reception of signals may be performed by a combination that may include one, any or all of the PHY circuitry 704 the transceiver 702, MAC circuitry 706, memory 710, and other components or layers.
  • the MAC circuitry 706 may control access to the wireless medium.
  • the wireless device 700 may also include memory 710 arranged to perform the operations described herein, e.g., some of the operations described herein may be performed by instructions stored in the memory 710.
  • the antennas 712 may comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals.
  • the antennas 712 may be effectively separated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result.
  • the wireless device 700 may be a mobile device as described in conjunction with FIG. 6.
  • the wireless device 700 may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more wireless communication standards as described herein (e.g., as described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-6, IEEE 802.1 1).
  • the wireless device 700 may include one or more of the components as described in conjunction with FIG. 6 (e.g., display device 610, input device 612, etc.)
  • the wireless device 700 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein.
  • the functional elements may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.
  • an apparatus of or used by the wireless device 700 may include various components of the wireless device 700 as shown in FIG. 7 and/or components from FIGS. 1-6. Accordingly, techniques and operations described herein that refer to the wireless device 700 may be applicable to an apparatus for a wireless device 700 (e.g., HE AP 502 and/or HE STA 504), in some embodiments.
  • the wireless device 700 is configured to decode and/or encode signals, packets, and/or frames as described herein, e.g., PPDUs.
  • the MAC circuitry 706 may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium during a contention period to receive control of the medium for a HE TXOP and encode or decode an HE PPDU. In some embodiments, the MAC circuitry 706 may be arranged to contend for the wireless medium based on channel contention settings, a transmitting power level, and a clear channel assessment level (e.g., an energy detect level).
  • the PHY circuitry 704 may be arranged to transmit signals in accordance with one or more communication standards described herein. For example, the PHY circuitry 704 may be configured to transmit a HE PPDU.
  • the PHY circuitry 704 may include circuitry for modulation/demodulation, upconversion/downconversion, filtering, amplification, etc.
  • the processing circuitry 708 may include one or more processors.
  • the processing circuitry 708 may be configured to perform functions based on instructions being stored in a RAM or ROM, or based on special purpose circuitry.
  • the processing circuitry 708 may include a processor such as a general purpose processor or special purpose processor.
  • the processing circuitry 708 may implement one or more functions associated with antennas 712, the transceiver 702, the PHY circuitry 704, the MAC circuitry 706, and/or the memory 710.
  • the processing circuitry 708 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions/operations and/or methods described herein.
  • communication between a station (e.g., the HE stations 504 of FIG. 5 or wireless device 700) and an access point (e.g., the HE AP 502 of FIG. 5 or wireless device 700) may use associated effective wireless channels that are highly directionally dependent.
  • beamforming techniques may be utilized to radiate energy in a certain direction with certain beamwidth to communicate between two devices.
  • the directed propagation concentrates transmitted energy toward a target device in order to compensate for significant energy loss in the channel between the two communicating devices.
  • Using directed transmission may extend the range of the millimeter-wave communication versus utilizing the same transmitted energy in omni-directional propagation.
  • FIGS. 8-10 may be disclosed in conjunction with one another.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a method 800 for recovery for 20 MHz wireless device operating on non-primary 20 MHz channel in accordance with some embodiments. Illustrated in FIG. 8 is a HE station 504, which may operate on a primary 20 MHz channel 802 or on a non-primary 20 MHz channel 804, a HE AP 502, and time 806 along a horizontal axis.
  • a HE station 504 Illustrated in FIG. 8 is a HE station 504, which may operate on a primary 20 MHz channel 802 or on a non-primary 20 MHz channel 804, a HE AP 502, and time 806 along a horizontal axis.
  • the non-primary 20 MHz channel and the primary 20 MHz channel are each one of the following group: an upper 20 MHz channel of a primary 40 MHz channel, a lower 20 MHz channel of the primary 40 MHz channel, an upper 20 MHz channel of a secondary 40 MHz channel, a lower 20 MHz channel of the secondary 40 MHz channel, an upper 20 MHz channel of a primary 40 MHz channel of a secondary 80 MHz channel, a lower 20 MHz channel of the primary 40 MHz channel of the secondary 80 MHz channel, an upper 20 MHz channel of a secondary 40 MHz channel of the secondary 80 MHz channel, and a lower 20 MHz channel of the secondary 40 MHz channel of the secondary 80 MHz channel.
  • the HE station 504 may be the same or similar as the HE station
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a high- efficiency (HE) station 504 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the HE station 504 may be the same or similar as the HE station 504 of FIGS. 5 and 8.
  • the HE station 504 may be a low cost Internet of Things (IoT) device that may operate only on a 20 MHz channel, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the HE station 504 may be termed a 20 MHz only HE non- AP STA.
  • the HE station 504 cannot operate on a channel greater than 20 MHz.
  • the HE station 504 is only capable of operating on a 20 MHz channel.
  • the HE station 504 may include a timer 902 and an initial value field 904.
  • the timer 902 may be an enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) timer in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the timer 902 may use time units (TUs), which in some embodiments is 1024 microseconds.
  • the initial value field 904 may be a value used to initialize the timer 902. In some embodiments, the timer 902 is initialized when the HE station 502 switches to the non-primary 20 MHz channel 804.
  • the initial value field 904 may be determined based on a communication standard, e.g., IEEE 802.1 lax.
  • the initial value field 904 may be received from the HE AP 502, e.g., in a beacon frame or information element.
  • the initial value field 904 may be determined by the HE station 504 and negotiated with or sent to the HE AP 502, in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the initial value field 904 may be a value greater that is longer than a defined period for the HE station 504 to temporarily switch over to the primary 20 MHz channel 802 (e.g., for broadcast reception or temporary single user (SU) operation initiation on the primary 20 MHz channel 802.)
  • SU single user
  • the HE AP 502 may be the same or similar as the HE AP 502 described in conjunction with FIGS. 5 and 10.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a HE access point (AP) 502 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • HE AP 502 may include stations tuned to non-primary 20 MHz channel field 1002.
  • the HE AP 502 may keep track of which channel HE stations 504 that are associated the HE AP 502 are operating on.
  • the associated HE stations 1004 may be HE stations 504 that are associated with the HE AP 502.
  • the associated HE stations 1004 may include an association identification (AID) of each of the associated HE stations 1004.
  • AID association identification
  • the HE AP 502 may be configured to transmit beacon frames separately on two or more 20 MHz channels that include a 20 MHz primary channel. In some embodiments, the HE AP 502 may be configured to transmit a beacon frame on a 20 MHz primary channel (e.g., 802, 1102, 1202, 1302, 1402, 1514, 1714, 1802). In some embodiments, the HE AP 502 may be configurable to transmit a beacon frame on a primary 20 channel or to transmit the beacon frame separately on two or more 20 channels that includes the 20 MHz primary channel. In some embodiments, the HE AP 502 may use greater resources by transmitting a beacon frame (e.g., 1530) on more than the primary 20 MHz channel.
  • a beacon frame e.g., 1530
  • the method 800 may begin with initial switch to non-primary
  • the method 800 may continue at operation 852 with the HE AP 502 transmitting a PPDU 875 that indicates the HE station 504 should switch to the non-primary 20 MHz channel 804, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the PPDU 875 may be a management frame and/or include an information element that indicates the should (or in some embodiments may) switch to the non-primary 20 MHz channel.
  • the HE station 502 may be operating on the primary 20 MHz channel 802 and may transmit a PPDU 877 to the HE AP 502 indicating the HE station 504 is switching to the non-primary 20 MHz channel 804.
  • the PPDU 877 may be an acknowledgment that the HE station 504 operating on the primary 20 MHz channel 802 is switching to the non-primary 20 MHz channel 804.
  • the method 800 may continue at operation 856 with the HE station 504 switching to the non-primary 20 MHz channel 804 from the primary 20 MHz channel 802.
  • the method 800 may continue at operation 860 with the HE station 504 operating on the non-primary 20 MHz channel 804 starting a countdown of the timer 902.
  • the HE station 502 may reset the timer 902, e.g., to a value of the initial value field 904.
  • operation 860 includes some time passing, which may include the timer 902 counting down by 1 or more.
  • the method 800 may continue with trigger frame 892, which may include operations 862 through 868.
  • the method 800 continues at operation 862 with the HE AP 502 transmitting a trigger frame 879.
  • the trigger frame 879 (e.g., trigger frame 1202) may include uplink (UL) allocations for the HE station 504 to transmit data to the HE AP 502.
  • the method 800 continues at operation 864 with the
  • HE station 504 operating on the non-primary 20 MHz channel 804 transmitting a PPDU 881 with data in accordance with the UL allocation in the trigger frame 879 to the HE AP 502.
  • the method 800 continues at operation 866 with the HE station 504 operating on the non-primary 20 MHz channel 804 restarting a countdown of the timer 902.
  • the HE station 502 may reset the timer 902, e.g., to a value indicated by the initial value field 904.
  • the HE station 504 only resets the timer 902 if the trigger frame 879 includes UL allocations for the HE station 504 to transmit data.
  • the HE station 504 may not reset the timer 902 if the trigger frame 879 only comprises downlink data, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the method 800 may continue at operation 868 with some time passing, which may include the timer 902 counting down by 1 or more.
  • the method 800 continues with temporary switch 894, which may include operations 870 through 878.
  • the method 800 continues at operation 870 with the HE station 504 operating on the non-primary 20 MHz channel 804 switching to the primary 20 MHz channel 802.
  • the method 800 continues at operation 872 with the HE AP 502 transmitting a broadcast PPDU 883, e.g., the broadcast PPDU could be a beacon frame.
  • the HE station 504 may transmit a SU PPDU 885 to the HE AP 502 at operation 874.
  • the method 800 continues at operation 876 with the HE station 504 switching back to the non-primary 20 MHz channel 804.
  • the time between operation 870 and operation 876 may be a predetermined time to permit the HE station 504 to temporarily operate on the primary 20 MHz channel 802.
  • the method 800 continues at operation 878 with the clock 902 resuming the countdown.
  • the method 800 continues at signal to switch 896, which may include operations 880 through 888.
  • the timer 902 may countdown by TUs, e.g., a TU may be 1024 microseconds.
  • the method 800 may continue at operation 882 with the timer 902 counting down to zero.
  • the method 800 may continue at operation 884 with the HE station 504 operating on the non-primary 20 MHz channel 804 switching back to the primary 20 MHz channel 802. In some embodiments, switching back to the primary 20 MHz channel 802 because the timer 902 counted down to zero may be termed flapping back.
  • signaling that is different from the timer 902 reaching zero may cause the HE station 504 to switch back to the primary 20 MHz channel.
  • the HE station 504 may receiving a broadcast at advertisement signaling (e.g., beacon frame) that is transmitted by the HE AP 502, a negotiation frame exchange from a different HE station 504 and/or HE AP 502, etc.
  • the timer 902 may be part of the EDCA parameter set (e.g., the same or similar to MU EDCA parameter set timer).
  • the HE station 504 switches back to the primary 20 MHz channel 802 this may be termed a recovery because the HE station 504 may be on the non- primary 20 MHz channel 904 waiting for a trigger frame from the HE AP 502.
  • the method 800 may continue at operation 886 with the HE station 504 operating on the primary 20 MHz channel 802 transmitting a PPDU 886 to the HE AP 502.
  • the PPDU 886 may indicate to the HE AP 502 that the HE station 504 has switched back to the primary 20 MHz channel 802.
  • PPDU 886 may include an information element (e.g., a 20 MHz only operating element), in accordance with some embodiments.
  • PPDU 886 may be an action frame (e.g., a 20 MHz only termination), in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the HE station 504 may operate on the primary 20 MHz channel 802, e.g., transmit SU PPDUs to the HE AP 502, receive trigger frames from the HE AP 502 and transmit uplink (UL) data to the HE AP 502 in response to the trigger frame, etc.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a downlink (DL) multi-user (MU) transmission
  • FIG. 11 Illustrated in FIG. 11 is primary 20 MHz channel 1102, secondary 20 MHz channel 1104, transmitter 1106, time 1108, HE AP 502, HE stations 504, and operations 1150.
  • the primary 20 MHz channel 1102 may be the same or similar to the primary 20 MHz channel 802.
  • the non-primary 20 MHz channel 1104 may be the same or similar as the non- primary 20 MHz channel 804.
  • the HE AP 502 may be the same or similar as HE AP 502 of FIG. 10.
  • HE stations 504 may be the same or similar as HE stations 504 of FIG. 9.
  • Time 1108 indicates that time progresses from left to right.
  • the operations 1150 are along the top.
  • the method 1100 may begin with operation 1152 with the HE AP
  • Trigger frame 1110 may include downlink (DL) allocations and data for HE stations 504 (e.g., 1-9) on a primary 20 MHz channel 1102 and DL allocations and data for HE stations 504 (e.g., 10-18) on a non-primary 20 MHz channel 1104.
  • DL downlink
  • HE stations 504 e.g., 1-9
  • DL allocations and data for HE stations 504 e.g., 10-18
  • the trigger frame 1110 may have portions that are transmitted separately on the primary 20 MHz channel 1102 and the non -primary 20 MHz channel 1104.
  • the HE AP 504 may determine the trigger frame 1110 based on the stations tuned to non-primary 20 MHz channels 1002.
  • the DL allocations and data STAS 1-9 1112 and DL allocations and data STAS 10-18 1114 may include association identification (AIDS) of the HE stations 504 (e.g., as assigned by the HE AP 502 when the HE stations 504 associate with the HE AP 502) and resource units (RUs) that indicate a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) as well as a bandwidth and frequency for the HE stations 504 to receive/decode the data from the HE AP 504.
  • the trigger frame 1110 may be encoded so that a 20 MHz channel only station may decode portions to receive the allocations and data from the HE AP 502.
  • the method 1100 may continue at operation 1154 with the HE stations 504 transmitting acknowledgements to the HE AP 502.
  • the RUs for the acknowledgments may be either explicitly part of the trigger frame 1 1 10 or implicitly part of the trigger frame 1 1 10 (e.g., the HE stations 504 are to transmit the acknowledgements on a same RU as the data was received.)
  • the trigger frame 1 1 10 may be a MU PPDU.
  • the STA 1-9 UL MU response 1 116 and the STA 10-18 UL MU response 1 1 18 may be trigger based (TB) PPDUs.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a DL MU transmission 1200 in accordance with some embodiments. Illustrated in FIG. 12 is primary 20 MHz channel 1202, secondary 20 MHz channel 1204, transmitter 1206, time 1208, HE AP 502, HE stations 504, and operations 1250.
  • the primary 20 MHz channel 1202 may be the same or similar to the primary 20 MHz channel 802.
  • the non- primary 20 MHz channel 1204 may be the same or similar as the non-primary 20 MHz channel 804.
  • the HE AP 502 may be the same or similar as HE AP 502 of FIG. 10.
  • HE stations 504 may be the same or similar as HE stations 504 of FIG. 9.
  • Time 1208 indicates that time progresses from left to right.
  • the operations 1250 are along the top.
  • the method 1200 may begin with operation 1252 with the HE AP
  • Trigger frame 1210 may include UL allocations STAS 1-9 on a primary 20 MHz channel 1202 and UL allocations for STAS 10-18 on a non-primary 20 MHz channel 1204.
  • the trigger frame 1210 may have portions that are transmitted separately on the primary 20 MHz channel 1202 and the non -primary 20 MHz channel 1204.
  • the HE AP 504 may determine the trigger frame 1210 based on the stations tuned to non-primary 20 MHz channels 1002.
  • the UL allocations STAS 1-9 1212 and UL allocations STAS 10-18 1214 may include AIDS of the HE stations 504 and a MCS as well as a RU that indicates a bandwidth and frequency for the HE stations 504 to transmit data to the HE AP 504.
  • the trigger frame 1210 may be encoded so that a 20 MHz channel only station may decode portions to receive the UL allocations from the HE AP 504.
  • the method 1200 may continue at operation 1254 with the HE stations 504 transmitting STA 1-9 UL MU response with data 1216 and STA 10- 18 UL MU response with data 1218.
  • the STA 1-9 UL MU response with data 1216 and STA 10-18 UL MU response with data 1218 are transmitted in accordance with the UL allocations STAS 1-9 1212 and UL allocations STAS 10-18 1214, respectively.
  • the method 1200 continues at operation 1256 with the HE AP
  • the AP ACK to STAS 1-18 1220 may be transmitted separately on the primary 20 MHz channel 1202 and the non- primary 20 MHz channel 1204.
  • the acknowledgements for STA 10-18 may be transmitted on the non-primary 20 MHz channel 1204 and the acknowledgments for STAs 1-9 may be transmitted on the primary 20 MHz channel 1202.
  • the trigger frame 1210 may include RUs for transmitting the acknowledgements, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a DL MU transmission 1300 in accordance with some embodiments. Illustrated in FIG. 13 is primary 20 MHz channel 1302, transmitter 1306, time 1308, HE AP 502, HE stations 504, and operations 1350.
  • the primary 20 MHz channel 1302 may be the same or similar to the primary 20 MHz channel 802.
  • the HE AP 502 may be the same or similar as HE AP 502 of FIG. 10.
  • HE stations 504 may be the same or similar as HE stations 504 of FIG. 9.
  • Time 1308 indicates that time progresses from left to right.
  • the operations 1350 are along the top.
  • Trigger frame 1310 may include DL allocations and data for HE stations 504 (e.g., 1-9) on a primary 20 MHz channel 1 102.
  • the DL allocations and data STAS 1-9 1312 may include AIDS of the HE stations 504, a MCS, and a RU for the HE stations 504 to receive/decode the data from the HE AP 504.
  • the trigger frame 1310 may be encoded so that a 20 MHz channel only station may decode portions to receive the allocations and data from the HE AP 504.
  • the method 1300 may continue at operation 1354 with HE stations 504 transmitting acknowledgements to the HE AP 502.
  • HE stations 504 (STA 1-9) may transmit STA 1-9 UL MU response 1314 (which may include the acknowledgments).
  • the RUs for the acknowledgments may be either explicitly part of the trigger frame 1310 or implicitly part of the trigger frame 1310 (e.g., the HE stations 504 are to transmit the acknowledgements on a same RU as the data was received.)
  • the trigger frame 1310 may be a MU PPDU.
  • the STA 1-9 UL MU response 1312 may be a TB PPDUs.
  • the method 1300 may continue with operation 1356 with the HE
  • Trigger frame 1316 may include DL allocations and data for HE stations 504 (e.g., 10-18) on a primary 20 MHz channel 1102.
  • the DL allocations and data STAS 10-18 1318 may include AIDS of the HE stations 504, a MCS, and a RU for the HE stations 504 to receive/decode the data from the HE AP 504.
  • the trigger frame 1316 may be encoded so that a 20 MHz channel only station may decode portions to receive the allocations and data from the HE AP 504.
  • the method 1300 may continue at operation 1358 with HE stations 504 transmitting acknowledgements to the HE AP 502.
  • HE stations 504 (STA 10-18) may transmit STA 10-18 UL MU response 1320.
  • the RUs for the acknowledgments may be either explicitly part of the trigger frame 1316 or implicitly part of the trigger frame 1316 (e.g., the HE stations 504 are to transmit the acknowledgements on a same RU as the data was received.)
  • the trigger frame 1316 may be a MU PPDU.
  • the STA 10-18 UL MU response 1318 may be a TB PPDUs.
  • FIG. 11 A comparison of FIG. 11 with FIG. 13 illustrates that configuring HE stations 504 to operate on a non-primary 20 MHz channel 1102 may decrease the time needed for MU DL data transmissions.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a DL MU transmission 1400 in accordance with some embodiments. Illustrated in FIG. 14 is primary 20 MHz channel 1402, transmitter 1406, time 1408, HE AP 502, HE stations 504, and operations 1450.
  • the primary 20 MHz channel 1202 may be the same or similar to the primary 20 MHz channel 802.
  • the HE AP 502 may be the same or similar as HE AP 502 of FIG. 10.
  • HE stations 504 may be the same or similar as HE stations 504 of FIG. 9.
  • Time 1408 indicates that time progresses from left to right.
  • the operations 1450 are along the top.
  • the method 1400 may begin with operation 1452 with the HE AP
  • Trigger frame 1410 may include UL allocations STAS 1-9 1412 on a primary 20 MHz channel 1402. [00134] The UL allocations STAS 1-9 1412 may include AIDS of the HE stations 504 and a MCS as well as a RU that indicates a bandwidth and frequency for the HE stations 504 to transmit data to the HE AP 504. The trigger frame 1410 may be encoded so that a 20 MHz channel only station may decode the trigger frame 1401.
  • the method 1400 may continue at operation 1454 with the HE stations 504 transmitting STA 1-9 UL MU response with data 1416.
  • the STA 1-9 UL MU response with data 1416 are transmitted in accordance with the UL allocations STAS 1-9 1412.
  • the method 1400 continues at operation 1456 with the HE AP 504 transmitting AP ack to STAS 1-9 1418.
  • the method 1400 may begin with operation 1458 with the HE AP
  • Trigger frame 1420 may include UL allocations STAS 10-18 1422 on a primary 20 MHz channel 1402.
  • the UL allocations STAS 10-18 1422 may include AIDS of the HE stations 504 and a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) as well as a RU that indicates a bandwidth and frequency for the HE stations 504 to transmit data to the HE AP 504.
  • MCS modulation and coding scheme
  • the trigger frame 1420 may be encoded so that a 20 MHz channel only station may decode the trigger frame 1420.
  • the method 1400 may continue at operation 1460 with the HE stations 504 transmitting STA 10-18 UL MU response with data 1424.
  • the STA 10-18 UL MU response with data 1424 are transmitted in accordance with the UL allocations STAS 10-18 1422.
  • the method 1400 continues at operation 1462 with the HE AP 504 transmitting AP ack to STAS 10-18 1426.
  • FIG. 12 A comparison of FIG. 12 with FIG. 14 illustrates that configuring HE stations 504 to operate on a non-primary 20 MHz channel 1202 may decrease the time needed for MU DL data transmissions by enabling the use of both a primary 20 MHz channel and a non-primary 20 MHz channel.
  • FIGS. 15 and 16 are disclosed together.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a method 1500 for operating periods for a 20 MHz primary channel in accordance with some embodiments. Illustrated in FIG. 15 is time 1502 along a horizontal axis, non-primary 20 MHz channel 1512 and primary 20 MHz channel 1514 along a vertical axis, transmitter/actor 1516, and operation 1550 along the top.
  • the HE station 504 may be the same or similar to HE station 504 as disclosed in conjunction with FIG. 9.
  • the HE AP 502 may be the same or similar to HE AP 502 as disclosed in conjunction with FIG. 10.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates a 20 MHz only information element (IE) 1600 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • IE information element
  • one or more of the fields of the 20 MHz only IE 1600 may be included in a beacon frame (e.g., 1530).
  • the 20 MHz only IE 1600 may be included in a beacon frame (e.g., 1530).
  • one or more fields of the 20 MHz only IE 1600 may be included in a frame transmitted by the HE station 504 to the HE AP 504, e.g., a probe request, an attachment request, etc.
  • the 20 MHz only IE may include one or more of the following fields.
  • the period for station 1602 may indicate a period for which the
  • the HE station 504 may switch to the primary 20 MHz channel 1514 and either receive or transmit a frame, e.g., receive beacon frame 1530 or transmit PPDU 1532.
  • the period for station 1602 may include a period of time field 1602 and period use field 1608.
  • the HE station 504 is unavailable (unavailable 1520, 1522) on the non-primary 20 MHz channel 1512, and the HE AP 502 is configured not to transmit to the HE station 504, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the period of time 1602 may be indicated by an offset field 1604 and duration field 1606.
  • an offset field 1604 may indicate an offset from a beginning of a TBTT (e.g., 1504) and a duration field 1606 may indicate a duration of the period for station 1602 (e.g., beacon reception 1508 or STA transmitting management frames 1510).
  • the period of time field 1602 may be indicated differently.
  • the period use 1608 may indicate a use for the period for station 1602, e.g. to receive a beacon frame (e.g., 1530) or to transmit a PPDU (e.g., 1532).
  • the period use field 1608 may be indicated differently, e.g., there may only be one type of period for station 1602 and there may be no period use field 1608. There may be more than one period for station 1602 included in a 20 MHz only IE 1600.
  • the channel switching time field 1610 may indicate a duration for the HE station 504 to remain on a channel after it switches from the non-primary 20 MHz channel 1512 to the primary 20 MHz channel 1514 and/or vis-a-versa.
  • the channel switching time field 1610 may be sent from the HE station 504 to the HE AP 502.
  • the channel switching time field 1610 may be specific to the HE station 504.
  • the channel switching field 1610 may be determined by the HE station 504 and sent to the HE AP 502, in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the channel switching field 1610 may be determined by the HE AP 502 and sent to the HE station 504.
  • the TBTT switch back field 1612 may indicate a beacon interval (e.g., 1506) for which the period for station 1602 is applicable.
  • the TBTT switch back 1612 may indicate the TBTT based on the periodicity field 1614.
  • the periodicity field 1614 may be 3 to indicate that every third TBTT the period for station 1602 is applicable.
  • the TBTT may be associated with a number (not illustrated) of the beacon frame.
  • the TBTT for which the period for station 1602 is applicable may be determined based on taking a modulo of the number of the TBTT and the value of the periodicity field 1614 (e.g., number of the TBTT may be 173 and the periodicity field 1614 may indicate 5, so when the number of the TBTT is equal to 175, then the period for station 1602 is applicable).
  • the 20 MHz only IE 1600 may include a beacon each 20 MHz field 1616.
  • the beacon each 20 MHz 1616 may indicate whether the HE AP 502 is transmitting one beacon frame (e.g., 1530) on the primary 20 MHz channel 1514, or transmitting more than one beacon frame (e.g., 1530) on the primary 20 MHz channel 1514 and one or more additional channels (e.g., non-primary 20 MHz channel 1512).
  • the 20 MHz only IE 1600 may include a field to indicate whether trigger frames are supported that allow the HE station 504 to transmit management frames in the UL resource.
  • the HE AP 502 and HE station 504 may negotiate one or more of the fields of the 20 MHz only IE 1600.
  • the method 1500 may begin at operation
  • Switching channels may take time, e.g., channel switch time 1518.1.
  • the HE station 504 may be configured to operate on just one 20 MHz channel. During the channel switch time 1518.1 the HE station 504 is unavailable 1520 to receive radio-frequency waves, e.g., beacon frame 1530 or PPDU 1532.
  • the HE station 504 and/or HE AP 502 may determine that the channel switch time 1518.1 and/or beacon reception 1508 based on a value of TBTT switch back 1612 as disclosed in conjunction with FIG. 15.
  • the method 1500 may continue at operation 1554 with the HE
  • the beacon frame 1530 may include parameter information and other information related to the operation of the wireless network, e.g., the beacon frame 1530 may include a traffic indication map (TIM) which may indicate traffic the HE AP 502 has for the HE station 504.
  • TIM traffic indication map
  • the HE AP 504 may be configured to transmit the beacon frame 1530 on the primary 20 MHz channel 1514 and not on the non-primary 20 MHz channel 1512.
  • the HE station 504 may receive and decode the beacon frame 1530.
  • the method 1500 continues at operation 1556 with a portion of the beacon interval 1506 up until the STA transmitting management frames 1510.
  • the HE AP 506 may transmit one or more frames in this portion of the beacon interval 1506.
  • the HE station 504 may switch channels (e.g., 1526) back to the non-primary 20 MHz 1512 after operation 1554.
  • the HE AP 502 may transmit a packet to the HE station 504 after it switches back to the non-primary 20 MHz channel, e.g., a trigger frame that initiate a MU UL and/or DL transmission such as trigger frame 1110 or 1210.
  • the HE station 504 may be available 1528 during the portion of the beacon interval 1506 of operation 1556.
  • the method 1500 may continue at operation 1558 with the HE station 504 transmitting a PPDU 1532 to the HE AP 502 or another wireless device.
  • the PPDU 1532 may be a SU PPDU 1532 to the HE AP 502, e.g., a probe request, a management frame, a PPDU that includes data, etc.
  • the type of frame the HE station 504 can transmit during the STA transmitting management frame 1510 may be limited to management frames.
  • the HE station 504 is unavailable for receiving or transmitting frames on the non-primary 20 MHz channel 1512.
  • the STA transmitting management frames 1510 may be a period for station (e.g., 1602) when the HE station 504 is permitted to transmit to the HE AP 502.
  • the HE station 504 may first contend for the wireless medium (e.g., through a contention-based channel access system, although this is not a requirement.
  • the PPDU 1532 may indicate that the HE station 504 is not going to switch back to the non-primary 20 MHz channel 1512, in which case operation 1560 would be skipped.
  • the method 1500 continues at operation 1560 with the HE station
  • the channel switch time 1518.2 may be a duration that it takes the HE station 504 to switch from the primary 20 MHz channel 1514 to the non-primary 20 MHz channel 1512. After the channel switch time 1518.2 the HE station 504 may be available for transmissions on the non-primary 20 MHz channel 1512.
  • the STA transmitting management frames 1510 may be a period for station 1602.
  • the period use 1608 may indicate the location of the STA transmitting management frames 1510 within the beacon interval 1506.
  • the offset field 1604 and duration field 1606 may indicate a location and duration within the beacon interval field 1506.
  • the period use field 1608 may indicate the type of PPDUs the HE station 504 may transmit during the STA transmitting management frame 1510, e.g., management frames only.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates periods for a station in accordance with some embodiments. Illustrated in FIG. 17 is time 1702, TBTT 1704, offset of the period 1706, duration of period 1708, beacon interval 1710, channel switch time 1712, and primary 20 MHz channel 1714.
  • the duration of period 1708 may be a duration of a period for station 1602 as disclosed in conjunction with FIG. 16.
  • the offset of the period 1706 may be indicated by channel switching time field 1610.
  • Channel switch time 1712 may be an actual switching time needed by the HE station 504 to switch from the non-primary 20 MHz channel (not illustrated) to the primary 20 MHz channel 1714 (and/or vis-a-versa).
  • the beacon interval 1710 may be a duration between TBTTs 1704.
  • the duration of period 1708 may be indicated by a value of the period for station field 1602.
  • the duration of period 1708 may be a duration for an HE station 504 to transmit or receive a PPDU to a HE AP 502.
  • the duration of period 1708 may be repeated in subsequent beacon intervals based on the values of TBTT switch back 1612.
  • the duration of period 1708 may be repeated between TBTT 1704.5 and TBTT 1704.6, and then repeated between TBTT 1704.9 and TBTT 1704.13, etc.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates a DL MU transmission 1800 in accordance with some embodiments. Illustrated in FIG. 18 is primary 20 MHz channel
  • the primary 20 MHz channel 1802 may be the same or similar to the primary 20 MHz channel 802.
  • the non- primary 20 MHz channel 1804 may be the same or similar as the non-primary 20 MHz channel 804.
  • the HE AP 502 may be the same or similar as HE AP 502 of FIG. 10.
  • HE stations 504 may be the same or similar as HE station 504 of FIG. 9.
  • Time 1808 indicates that time progresses from left to right.
  • the operations 1850 are along the top.
  • the method 1800 may begin with operation 1852 with the HE AP 504 transmitting trigger frame 1810.
  • Trigger frame 1810 may include UL allocations STAS 1-9 on a primary 20 MHz channel 1802 and UL allocations for STAS 10-18 on a non-primary 20 MHz channel 1804.
  • the trigger frame 1810 may have portions that are transmitted separately on the primary 20 MHz channel 1802 and the non-primary 20 MHz channel 1804. In some embodiments, the trigger frame 1810 is transmitted only on the primary 20 MHz channel 1802 or the non-primary 20 MHz channel 1804.
  • the HE AP 504 may determine the trigger frame 1810 based on the stations tuned to non-primary 20 MHz channels 1002.
  • the UL allocations STAS 1-9 1812 and UL allocations STAS 10-18 1814 may include AIDS of the HE stations 504 and a MCS as well as a RU that indicates a bandwidth and frequency for the HE stations 504 to transmit data to the HE AP 504.
  • the trigger frame 1810 may include some UL allocation for random access.
  • the trigger frame 1810 may be encoded so that a 20 MHz channel only station may decode the portions necessary to receive the UL allocations from the HE AP 504.
  • the trigger frame 1810 may include a field indicating which type of UL PPDUs are permitted, e.g. TB PPDU with data and/or management frames.
  • the method 1800 may continue at operation 1854 with the HE stations 504 transmitting STA 1-9 UL MU response 1816 and with HE stations 504 transmitting STA 10-18 UL MU response.
  • the STA 1-9 UL MU response with 1816 and STA 10-18 UL MU response 1818 are transmitted in accordance with the UL allocations STAS 1-9 1812 and UL allocations STAS 10- 18 1814, respectively. In some embodiments, only the STA 1-9 UL MU responses 1816 or STA 10-18 UL MU responses are transmitted.
  • the STA 1-9 UL MU responses 1816 are limited to TB PPDUs that include data and the STA 10-18 UL MU responses 1818 are permitted to be TB PPDUs that include data as well PPDUs that are management frames, which may be TB PPDU, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the method 1800 continues at operation 1856 with the HE AP
  • the AP ACK to STAS 1-18 1820 may be transmitted separately on the primary 20 MHz channel 1802 and the non-primary 20 MHz channe 1804.
  • the acknowledgements for STA 10-18 may be transmitted on the non-primary 20 MHz channel 1804 and the acknowledgments for STAs 1-9 may be transmitted on the primary 20 MHz channel 1802.
  • the trigger frame 1810 may include RUs for transmitting the acknowledgements, in accordance with some embodiments. [00163]
  • the beacon frames are delivered to the 20 MHz only HE stations 504 by defining a period when the 20 MHz only HE stations 504 may switch to a primary 20 MHz channel, e.g., 1514, to receive a beacon frame, 1530.
  • the management frames may be transmitted from the 20 MHz only HE stations 504 to the HE AP 502 by defining a period, e.g., 1510, when the 20 MHz only HE stations 504 may switch, e.g., 1524, to the primary 20 MHz channel 1514.
  • the management frame may be transmitted from the 20 MHz only HE stations 504 to the HE AP 502 by defining a new trigger frame, e.g., 1810, that permits UL management frames on a non-primary 20 MHz channel, e.g., 1512.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates a method 1900 of recovery for 20 MHz wireless devices operating on non-primary 20 MHz channels, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the method 1900 begins at operation 1902 with switching from a primary 20 MHz channel to a non-primary 20 MHz channel.
  • HE station 504 of FIG. 8 may switch to non-primary 20 MHz channel at operation 856.
  • the method 1900 continues at operation 1904 with starting a countdown of a timer.
  • HE station 504 may start timer 902 (FIG. 8).
  • the method 1900 continues at operation 1906 when a trigger frame for uplink transmission is received from a HE access point on the non-primary 20 MHz channel and when the trigger frame comprises an indication of a uplink resource allocation for the HE station, reset the timer to an initial value.
  • HE station 504 may receive trigger frame 879 at operation 862, and reset the timer 902 at operation 866 if the trigger frame 879 includes an UL allocation for the HE station 504.
  • the method 1900 continues at operation 1908 with when the timer reaches a final value (e.g., 0), switch back to the primary 20 MHz channel.
  • a final value e.g., 0
  • the timer 902 may reach 0 at operation 880, and the HE station 504 may switch back to the primary 20 MHz channel at operation 884.
  • the HE station 504 may switch back to the primary channel at channel switch time 1518.1 as described in conjunction with FIG. 15.
  • method 1900 may include one or more additional steps. In accordance with some embodiments, operations of method 1900 may be performed in a different order. In accordance with some embodiments, one or more operations of method 1900 may not be performed. Method 1900 may be performed by a HE station 504, an apparatus of a HE station 504, a HE access point 502, or an apparatus of a HE access point.
  • FIG. 20 illustrates a method 2000 of recovery for 20 MHz wireless devices operating on non-primary 20 MHz channels, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the method 2000 may begin at operation 2002 with encoding a trigger frame for UL data transmission for one or more HE stations, the trigger frame including UL resource allocations for HE stations on a primary 20 MHz channel and for HE stations on a non-primary 20 MHz channel.
  • HE AP 502 of FIG. 8 may encode trigger frame 879 with a UL resource allocation for HE station 504 of FIG. 8 on the non-primary 20 MHz channel and for HE stations 504 (not illustrated).
  • HE AP 502 may encode trigger frame 1110, 1210, or 1810.
  • the method 2000 may continue at operation 2004 with configuring the HE access point to transmit the trigger frame.
  • an apparatus of the HE AP 502 may configure the HE AP 502 to transmit trigger frame 879, 1110, 1210, or 1810.
  • the method 2000 may continue at operation 2006 with decoding TB PPDUs from the HE stations on the primary 20 MHz channel and from the HE stations on the non-primary 20 MHz channel in accordance with resource units indicated in the trigger frame.
  • HE AP 502 may decode TB PPDU 881 from HE station 504 on a non-primary 20 MHz channel 804 and TB PPDU (not illustrated) from HE stations 504 on a primary 20 MHz channel.
  • HE AP 502 may decode STA 1-9 UL MU response 1116 and STA 10-18 UL MU response 1118.
  • HE AP 502 may decode STA 1-9 UL MU response with data 1216 and STA 10-18 UL MU response with data 1218. In another example, HE AP 502 may decode STA 1-9 UL MU response 1816 and STA 10-18 UL MU response 1818.
  • method 2000 may include one or more additional steps. In accordance with some embodiments, operations of method 2000 may be performed in a different order. In accordance with some embodiments, one or more operations of method 2000 may not be performed. Method 2000 may be performed by a HE station 504, an apparatus of a HE station 504, a HE access point 502, or an apparatus of a HE access point.
  • FIG. 21 illustrates a method 2100 of defining a primary 20 MHz channel operating period, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the method 2100 may begin at operation 2102 with decoding a first PPDU, the first PPDU comprising an indication of a first period of time of a first TBTT interval for the HE station to switch to a primary 20 MHz channel and transmit a PPDU to a HE AP.
  • HE station 504 of FIG. 15 may decode a PPDU (not illustrated) or beacon frame 1530 that comprises a 20 MHz only IE 1600.
  • the method 2100 may continue at operation 2104 with does a first time indicates a start of the first period of time of the TBTT interval. If the first time does not indicate a start of the first period of time of the TBTT interval, then the HE station 504 may return to operation 2104. In some embodiments, the HE station 504 may perform other operation such as respond to a trigger frame 879, 1110, 1210, or 1810.
  • the method 2100 continues at operation 2106 with switching from a non-primary 20 MHz channel to a primary 20 MHz channel if the first time does indicate a start of the first period of time of the TBTT interval.
  • HE station 502 may switch to primary 20 MHz channel 1514 at channel switch time 1518.1 or beacon reception 1508.
  • the method 2100 continues at operation 2108 with if the first period of time is for transmitting PPDUs to an HE AP, encode a second PPDU and configure the HE station to transmit the second PPDU on the primary 20 MHz channel to the HE AP. For example, if a value of period use 1608 indicates that the first period of time permits the HE station 504 to transmit PPDUs to the HE AP 502, HE station 504 may encode PPDU 1532 as described in conjunction with FIG. 15. The method 2100 may continue with configuring the HE station to transmit the first PPDU on the primary 20 MHz channel to the HE AP. For example, an apparatus of the HE station 504 of FIG. 15 may configure the HE station 504 to transmit PPDU 1532.
  • the method 2100 continues at operation 2110 with if the first period of time is for receiving a broadcast or multicast frame, configure the HE station to receive the broadcast or multicast frame from the HE AP. For example, if a value of period use 1608 indicates that the first period of time is for receiving a broadcast or multicast frame, the HE station 504 may decode beacon frame 1530.
  • method 2100 may include one or more additional steps. In accordance with some embodiments, operations of method 2100 may be performed in a different order. In accordance with some embodiments, one or more operations of method 2100 may not be performed. Method 2100 may be performed by a HE station 504, an apparatus of a HE station 504, a HE access point 502, or an apparatus of a HE access point.
  • FIG. 22 illustrates a method 2200 of defining a primary 20 MHz channel operating period, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the method 2200 begins at operation 2202 with encoding a first PPDU, the first PPDU comprising an indication of a first period of time of a first TBTT interval for an HE station to switch to a primary 20 MHz channel and transmit a PPDU to a HE AP or receive a beacon frame from the HE AP.
  • HE AP 502 of FIG. 15 may include a 20 MHz only IE 1600 in beacon frame 1530.
  • the HE AP 502 may include the 20 MHz only IE 1600 in another frame, e.g. an association response, management frame, probe response, etc.
  • operation 2202 may be that the HE AP 502 decodes a frame that includes a 20 MHz only IE 1600 from the HE station 504.
  • the method 2200 may continue at operation 2204 with is a first time indicates a start of the first period of time of the TBTT interval.
  • the first time indicates a start of the first period of time of the TBTT interval may be at channel switch time 1518.1 or beacon reception 1508.
  • the method 2200 may return to operation 2204 from operation 2204 if the first time does not indicate a start of the first period of time of the TBTT interval.
  • the HE AP 502 may perform operations such as transmitting trigger frame 1810, a beacon frame (e.g., 1530), etc.
  • HE AP 502 may refrain from transmitting to the HE station 504 of FIG. 15 during unavailable 1520 and/or unavailable 1522.
  • the method 2200 continues at operation 2208 with if the first period of time is for transmitting PPDUs to the HE AP, decoding a second
  • the HE AP 502 may decode PPDU 1532 from HE station 504.
  • the method 2200 continues at operation 2210 with if the first period of time is for receiving a broadcast or multicast frame, encode a broadcast or multicast frame for the HE station, and configuring the HE AP to transmit the broadcast or multicast frame. For example, if a value of period use 1608 indicates that the first period of time is for receiving a broadcast or multicast frame, HE AP 502 may encode beacon frame 1530 and transmit it on the primary 20 channel 1514.
  • method 2200 may include one or more additional steps. In accordance with some embodiments, operations of method 2200 may be performed in a different order. In accordance with some embodiments, one or more operations of method 2200 may not be performed. Method 2100 may be performed by a HE station 504, an apparatus of a HE station 504, a HE access point 502, or an apparatus of a HE access point
  • Example 1 is an apparatus of a high-efficiency (HE) station, the apparatus including: memory; and processing circuitry coupled to the memory, the processing circuity configured to: switch from a primary 20 MHz channel to a non-primary 20 MHz channel; start a countdown of a timer; when a trigger frame for uplink transmission is received from a HE access point on the non- primary 20 MHz channel and when the trigger frame includes an indication of a uplink resource allocation for the HE station, reset the timer to an initial value; and when the timer reaches a final value, switch back to the primary 20 MHz channel.
  • the subject matter of Example 1 optionally includes microseconds.
  • Example 3 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • processing circuitry is further configured to: set the timer to the initial value when the HE station switches to the non-primary 20 MHz channel.
  • Example 4 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • processing circuitry is further configured to: when the timer reaches a final value (e.g., 0) switch back to the primary 20 MHz channel, and encode a single user (SU) physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), the SU PPDU including an indication to the HE access point that the HE station switched back to the primary 20 MHz channel.
  • a final value e.g., 0
  • PLCP physical Layer Convergence Procedure
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • Example 5 the subject matter of Example 4 optionally includes where the processing circuitry is configured to: encode the PPDU to comprise an information element that includes the indication to the HE access point that the HE station switched back to the primary 20 MHz channel.
  • Example 6 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • Example 7 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-6 optionally include 20 MHz bandwidth.
  • Example 8 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • processing circuitry is further configured to: in response to switching back to the primary channel for a predefined period of time, suspend countdown of the timer, and operate on the primary channel; and switch back to the non-primary channel when the predefined period of time expires, and resume countdown of the timer.
  • Example 9 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • non-primary channel and the primary channel are each one of the following group: an upper 20 MHz channel of a primary 40 MHz channel, a lower 20 MHz channel of the primary 40 MHz channel, an upper 20 MHz channel of a secondary 40 MHz channel, a lower 20 MHz channel of the secondary 40 MHz channel, an upper 20 MHz channel of a primary 40 MHz channel of a secondary 80 MHz channel, a lower 20 MHz channel of the primary 40 MHz channel of the secondary 80 MHz channel, an upper 20 MHz channel of a secondary 40 MHz channel of the secondary 80 MHz channel, and a lower 20 MHz channel of the secondary 40 MHz channel of the secondary 80 MHz channel.
  • Example 10 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 1-9 optionally include where the processing circuitry is further configured to: when the trigger frame for uplink transmission is decoded from a HE access point and when the trigger frame includes an indication of the uplink resource allocation for the HE station, reset the timer to an initial value, if the uplink resource allocation is a data uplink resource allocation for the HE station.
  • Example 1 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 1-10 optionally include where the timer is a timer used for multi-user (MU) enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) timer and where EDCA is not used on the non-primary channel.
  • MU multi-user
  • EDCA enhanced distributed channel access
  • Example 12 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 1-1 1 optionally include where the processing circuitry is further configured to: encode a physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) including an indication the HE station to going to switch to the non-primary channel; configure the HE station to transmit the PPDU to the HE access point.
  • PLCP physical Layer Convergence Procedure
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • Example 13 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 1-12 optionally include where the processing circuitry is further configured to: decode a physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) including an indication of an instruction for the HE station to switch to the non-primary channel.
  • PLCP physical Layer Convergence Procedure
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • Example 14 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 1-13 optionally include wherein the HE station and the HE access point are each one from the following group: an Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.1 lax access point, an IEEE 802.1 lax station, an IEEE 802.1 1 station, and an IEEE 802.1 1 access point.
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
  • Example 15 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 1-14 optionally include transceiver circuitry coupled to the processing circuitry; and, one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver circuitry, where the memory is configured to store timer.
  • Example 16 is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by one or more processors of an apparatus of a high-efficiency (HE) station, the instructions to configure the one or more processors to: switch from a primary 20 MHz channel to a non-primary 20 MHz channel; start a countdown of a timer; when a trigger frame for uplink transmission is decoded from a HE access point and when the trigger frame includes an indication of a uplink resource allocation for the HE station, reset the timer to an initial value; and when the timer reaches a final value (e.g., 0), switch back to the primary 20 MHz channel, where the memory is configured to store timer.
  • HE high-efficiency
  • Example 17 the subject matter of Example 16 optionally includes microseconds.
  • Example 18 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 16-17 optionally include where the instruction further configure the one or more processors to: set the timer to the initial value when the HE station switches to the non-primary 20 MHz channel.
  • Example 19 is a method performed by an apparatus of a high- efficiency (HE) station, the method including: switching from a primary 20 MHz channel to a non-primary 20 MHz channel; starting a countdown of a timer; when a trigger frame for uplink transmission is decoded from a HE access point and when the trigger frame includes an indication of a uplink resource allocation for the HE station, resetting the timer to an initial value; and when the timer reaches a final value, switching back to the primary 20 MHz channel, where the memory is configured to store timer.
  • HE high- efficiency
  • Example 20 is an apparatus of a high-efficiency (HE) station, the apparatus including: memory; and processing circuitry coupled to the memory, the processing circuity configured to: decode a first physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), the first PPDU including an indication of a first period of time of a first target beacon transmit time (TBTT) interval for the HE station to operate on a primary 20 MHz channel; and when a first time indicates a start of the first period of time of the TBTT interval, switch from a non-primary 20 MHz channel to the primary 20 MHz channel, if the first period of time is for transmitting PPDUs to an HE access point (AP), encode a second PPDU and configure the HE station to transmit the second PPDU on the primary 20 MHz channel to the HE AP,
  • PLCP physical Layer Convergence Procedure
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • TBTT target beacon transmit time
  • Example 22 the subject matter of Example 21 optionally includes where the processing circuitry is further configured to: decode a third PPDU, the third PPDU including an indication of a second period of time of a second TBTT interval for the HE station to operate on the primary 20 MHz channel; and when a second time indicates a start of the second period of time of the TBTT interval, switch from the non-primary 20 MHz channel to the primary 20 MHz channel, and if the second period of time is for transmitting PPDUs to the HE AP, encode a fourth PPDU and configure the HE station to transmit the fourth PPDU on the primary 20 MHz channel to the HE AP; if the first period of time is for receiving a broadcast or multicast frame, configure the HE station to receive the broadcast or multicast frame from the HE AP.
  • the processing circuitry is further configured to: decode a third PPDU, the third PPDU including an indication of a second period of time of a second TBTT interval for the HE station to
  • Example 23 the subject matter of Example 22 optionally includes where the third PPDU is a management frame transmitted by the HE AP.
  • Example 24 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 22-23 optionally include where the processing circuitry is further configured to: begin to switch from the non-primary 20 MHz channel to the primary 20 MHz channel a switching time before the second time indicates the start of the second period of time of the TBTT interval.
  • Example 25 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 21-24 optionally include transceiver circuitry coupled to the processing circuitry; and, one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver circuitry.
  • Example 26 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 21-25 optionally include where the processing circuitry is further configured to: begin to switch from the non-primary 20 MHz channel to the primary 20 MHz channel a switching time before the time indicates the start of the first period of time of the TBTT interval.
  • Example 27 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 21-26 optionally include where the first PPDU is a management frame.
  • Example 28 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 21-27 optionally include where the first PPDU includes an indication of a second period of time of the first TBTT interval for the HE station to receive a broadcast or multicast frame from the HE AP, and where the processing circuitry is further configured to: when a second time indicates a start of the second period of time of the TBTT interval, switch from a non-primary 20 MHz channel to a primary 20 MHz channel, and decode the beacon frame.
  • Example 29 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 21-28 optionally include wherein the HE station is limited to transmitting and receiving on the 20 MHz primary channel or the 20 MHz non- primary channel.
  • Example 30 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 21-29 optionally include where the first PPDU further includes a period use field, the period use field indicating the first period of time is for the HE station to transmit PPDUs to the HE AP.
  • Example 31 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 21-30 optionally include where the first PPDU further includes a periodicity field, the value of the periodicity field indicating the first TBTT interval.
  • Example 32 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 21-31 optionally include where the first PPDU further includes an offset field and a duration field, where the value of offset field indicates the first period of time from a start of the first TBTT interval and where the duration field indicates a duration of the first period of time.
  • Example 33 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 21-32 optionally include where the first PPDU further includes a period use field, where a value of the period use field indicates a use for the first period of time, where the use is transmitting PPDUs to the HE AP or receiving broadcast or multicast frames from the HE AP.
  • Example 34 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 21-33 optionally include wherein the HE station and the HE access point are each one from the following group: an Institute of Electrical and
  • IEEE 802.1 lax access point an IEEE 802.1 lax station, an IEEE 802.1 1 station, and an IEEE 802.1 1 access point.
  • Example 35 is an apparatus of a high-efficiency (HE) access point, the apparatus including: memory; and processing circuitry coupled to the memory, the processing circuity configured to: encode a trigger frame for uplink (UL) data transmission for one or more HE stations, the trigger frame including UL resource allocations for HE stations on a primary 20 MHz channel and for HE stations on a non-primary 20 MHz channel; configure the HE access point to transmit the trigger frame; and decode a trigger-based (TB) physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDUs) from the HE stations on the primary 20 MHz channel and from the HE stations on the non- primary 20 MHz channel in accordance with resource units indicated in the trigger frame, where the memory is configured to store the trigger frame.
  • UL uplink
  • PLCP physical Layer Convergence Procedure
  • PPDUs Protocol Data Unit
  • Example 36 the subject matter of Example 35 optionally includes where the processing circuitry is further configured to: encode a second PPDU, the second PPDU including one or more indications that one or more HE stations should switch to the non-primary channel; and configure the HE access point to transmit the second PPDU.
  • Example 37 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 35-36 optionally include wherein one or more of the HE stations on the non-primary 20 MHz are limited to transmitting and receiving on channels of 20 MHz or less. [00218] In Example 38, the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 35-37 optionally include where the processing circuitry is further configured to: decode a single user (SU) physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), the SU PPDU including an indication to the HE access point that the HE station switched back to the primary 20 MHz channel.
  • SU single user
  • PLCP physical Layer Convergence Procedure
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • Example 39 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 35-38 optionally include transceiver circuitry coupled to the processing circuitry; and, including one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver circuitry.
  • Example 40 is an apparatus of a high-efficiency (HE) station, the apparatus including: means for switching from a primary 20 MHz channel to a non-primary 20 MHz channel; means for starting a countdown of a timer; when a trigger frame for uplink transmission is received from a HE access point on the non-primary 20 MHz channel and when the trigger frame includes an indication of a uplink resource allocation for the HE station, means for resetting the timer to an initial value; and when the timer reaches a final value, means for switching back to the primary 20 MHz channel.
  • HE high-efficiency
  • Example 41 the subject matter of Example 40 optionally includes wherein the final value is 0, and wherein the initial value is in time units (TUs) and a TU is 1024 microseconds.
  • TUs time units
  • Example 42 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 40-41 optionally include means for setting the timer to the initial value when the HE station switches to the non-primary 20 MHz channel.
  • Example 43 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 40-42 optionally include when the timer reaches a final value (e.g., 0), switch back to the primary 20 MHz channel, and encode a single user (SU) physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), the SU PPDU including an indication to the HE access point that the HE station switched back to the primary 20 MHz channel.
  • a final value e.g., 0
  • PLCP physical Layer Convergence Procedure
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • Example 44 the subject matter of Example 43 optionally includes means for encoding the PPDU to comprise an information element that includes the indication to the HE access point that the HE station switched back to the primary 20 MHz channel.
  • Example 45 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 40-44 optionally include wherein the HE station is limited to transmissions of a 20 MHz bandwidth or less.
  • Example 46 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 40-45 optionally include MHz bandwidth.
  • Example 47 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 40-46 optionally include in response to switching back to the primary channel for a predefined period of time, means for suspending countdown of the timer, and means for operating on the primary channel; and means for switching back to the non-primary channel when the predefined period of time expires, and means for resuming countdown of the timer.
  • Example 48 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 40-47 optionally include wherein the non-primary channel and the primary channel are each one of the following group: an upper 20 MHz channel of a primary 40 MHz channel, a lower 20 MHz channel of the primary 40 MHz channel, an upper 20 MHz channel of a secondary 40 MHz channel, a lower 20 MHz channel of the secondary 40 MHz channel, an upper 20 MHz channel of a primary 40 MHz channel of a secondary 80 MHz channel, a lower 20 MHz channel of the primary 40 MHz channel of the secondary 80 MHz channel, an upper 20 MHz channel of a secondary 40 MHz channel of the secondary 80 MHz channel, and a lower 20 MHz channel of the secondary 40 MHz channel of the secondary 80 MHz channel.
  • the non-primary channel and the primary channel are each one of the following group: an upper 20 MHz channel of a primary 40 MHz channel, a lower 20 MHz channel of the primary 40 MHz channel, an upper 20 MHz channel of a secondary 40 MHz channel, a lower 20 MHz channel of the secondary 40
  • Example 49 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 40-48 optionally include when the trigger frame for uplink transmission is decoded from a HE access point and when the trigger frame includes an indication of the uplink resource allocation for the HE station, means for resetting the timer to an initial value, if the uplink resource allocation is a data uplink resource allocation for the HE station.
  • Example 50 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 40-49 optionally include where the timer is a timer used for multiuser (MU) enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) timer and where EDCA is not used on the non-primary channel.
  • MU multiuser
  • EDCA enhanced distributed channel access
  • Examples 40-50 optionally include means for encoding a physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) including an indication the HE station to going to switch to the non-primary channel; and means for configuring the HE station to transmit the PPDU to the HE access point.
  • PLCP physical Layer Convergence Procedure
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • Example 52 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 40-51 optionally include means for decoding a physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) including an indication of an instruction for the HE station to switch to the non-primary channel.
  • PLCP physical Layer Convergence Procedure
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • Example 53 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 40-52 optionally include wherein the HE station and the HE access point are each one from the following group: an Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.1 lax access point, an IEEE 802.1 lax station, an IEEE 802.1 1 station, and an IEEE 802.1 1 access point.
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
  • Example 54 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 40-53 optionally include means for processing radio-frequency signals coupled to means for storing and retrieving the trigger frame; and means for transmitting and receiving the radio- frequency signals.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des appareils, des supports lisibles par ordinateur et des procédés de récupération pour des dispositifs sans fil de 20 MHz fonctionnant sur un canal non primaire de 20 MHz. L'invention concerne un appareil, l'appareil comprenant un circuit de traitement configuré pour : basculer d'un canal primaire de 20 MHz à un canal non primaire de 20 MHz, et démarrer le décompte d'un minuteur. Le circuit de traitement est en outre configuré pour, lorsqu'une trame de déclenchement pour une transmission en liaison montante est décodée depuis un point d'accès HE et lorsque la trame de déclenchement comprend une indication d'une allocation de ressource de liaison montante pour la station HE, réinitialiser le minuteur à une valeur initiale. Le circuit de traitement est en outre configuré pour, lorsque le minuteur atteint une valeur finale, revenir au canal de 20 MHz primaire.
PCT/US2017/068745 2017-03-08 2017-12-28 Récupération pour un dispositif sans fil de 20 mhz fonctionnant sur un canal de 20 mhz non primaire WO2018164757A1 (fr)

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WO2016104886A1 (fr) * 2014-12-25 2016-06-30 엘지전자 주식회사 Procédé et appareil de transmission d'unité de données sur la base d'une trame de déclenchement
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US20160366701A1 (en) * 2015-06-09 2016-12-15 Marvell World Trade Ltd. Channel access for simultaneous uplink transmissions by multiple communication devices
WO2016200182A1 (fr) * 2015-06-10 2016-12-15 엘지전자 주식회사 Procédé de gestion de vecteur d'attribution de réseau dans un système de réseau local sans fil, et dispositif associé
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