WO2018132668A1 - Synchronisation de transmission de diffusion/multidiffusion à un temps de réveil cible - Google Patents

Synchronisation de transmission de diffusion/multidiffusion à un temps de réveil cible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018132668A1
WO2018132668A1 PCT/US2018/013510 US2018013510W WO2018132668A1 WO 2018132668 A1 WO2018132668 A1 WO 2018132668A1 US 2018013510 W US2018013510 W US 2018013510W WO 2018132668 A1 WO2018132668 A1 WO 2018132668A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
twt
station
broadcast
multicast
ppdu
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Application number
PCT/US2018/013510
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English (en)
Inventor
Chittabrata GHOSH
Amir HITRON
Yaron Alpert
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Intel Corporation
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Publication of WO2018132668A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018132668A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0212—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave
    • H04W52/0216—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave using a pre-established activity schedule, e.g. traffic indication frame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/40—Connection management for selective distribution or broadcast
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/11—Allocation or use of connection identifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • Embodiments pertain to wireless networks and wireless communications. Some embodiments relate to wireless local area networks
  • Wi-Fi networks including networks operating in accordance with the IEEE 802.11 family of standards.
  • Some embodiments relate to IEEE 802.1 lax.
  • Some embodiments relate to methods, computer readable media, and apparatus for broadcast/multicast transmission synchronization at a Target Wake Time (TWT).
  • TWT Target Wake Time
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a radio architecture in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a front-end module circuitry for use in the radio architecture of FIG. 1 in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a radio IC circuitry for use in the radio architecture of FIG. 1 in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a baseband processing circuitry for use in the radio architecture of FIG.1 in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a WLAN in accordance with some
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an example machine upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may perform;
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless device upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies or operations) discussed herein may perform;
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a method for broadcast transmission synchronization at a TWT in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a method for broadcast transmission synchronization at a TWT in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a TWT element with a broadcast field equal to
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a control field in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a request type field in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a TWT element in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a control field in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a request type field in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 16 illustrates a method for broadcast/multicast transmission synchronization at a TWT in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates a method for broadcast/multicast transmission synchronization at a TWT in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a radio architecture 100 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Radio architecture 100 may include radio front-end module (FEM) circuitry 104, radio IC circuitry 106 and baseband processing circuitry 108.
  • Radio architecture 100 as shown includes both Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) functionality and Bluetooth (BT) functionality although embodiments are not so limited.
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
  • BT Bluetooth
  • FEM circuitry 104 may include a WLAN or Wi-Fi FEM circuitry
  • the WLAN FEM circuitry 104A may include a receive signal path comprising circuitry configured to operate on WLAN RF signals received from one or more antennas 101, to amplify the received signals and to provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the WLAN radio IC circuitry 106A for further processing.
  • the BT FEM circuitry 104B may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry configured to operate on BT RF signals received from one or more antennas 101, to amplify the received signals and to provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the BT radio IC circuitry 106B for further processing.
  • FEM circuitry 104A may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify WLAN signals provided by the radio IC circuitry 106A for wireless transmission by one or more of the antennas 101.
  • FEM circuitry 104B may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify BT signals provided by the radio IC circuitry 106B for wireless transmission by the one or more antennas.
  • FIG. 1 In the embodiment of FIG.
  • FEM 104A and FEM 104B are shown as being distinct from one another, embodiments are not so limited, and include within their scope the use of an FEM (not shown) that includes a transmit path and/or a receive path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use of one or more FEM circuitries where at least some of the FEM circuitries share transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals.
  • Radio IC circuitry 106 as shown may include WLAN radio IC circuitry 106A and BT radio IC circuitry 106B.
  • the WLAN radio IC circuitry 106A may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down- convert WLAN RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 104A and provide baseband signals to WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108A.
  • BT radio IC circuitry 106B may in turn include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert BT RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 104B and provide baseband signals to BT baseband processing circuitry 108B.
  • WLAN radio IC circuitry 106A may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert WLAN baseband signals provided by the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108 A and provide WLAN RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 104A for subsequent wireless transmission by the one or more antennas 101.
  • BT radio IC circuitry 106B may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert BT baseband signals provided by the BT baseband processing circuitry 108B and provide BT RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 104B for subsequent wireless transmission by the one or more antennas 101.
  • radio IC circuitries 106A and 106B are shown as being distinct from one another, embodiments are not so limited, and include within their scope the use of a radio IC circuitry (not shown) that includes a transmit signal path and/or a receive signal path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use of one or more radio IC circuitries where at least some of the radio IC circuitries share transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals.
  • Baseband processing circuity 108 may include a WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108A and a BT baseband processing circuitry 108B.
  • the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108A may include a memory, such as, for example, a set of RAM arrays in a Fast Fourier Transform or Inverse Fast Fourier Transform block (not shown) of the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108A.
  • Each of the WLAN baseband circuitry 108A and the BT baseband circuitry 108B may further include one or more processors and control logic to process the signals received from the corresponding WLAN or BT receive signal path of the radio IC circuitry 106, and to also generate corresponding WLAN or BT baseband signals for the transmit signal path of the radio IC circuitry 106.
  • Each of the baseband processing circuitries 108A and 108B may further include physical layer (PHY) and medium access control layer (MAC) circuitry, and may further interface with application processor 111 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the radio IC circuitry 106.
  • PHY physical layer
  • MAC medium access control layer
  • WLAN-BT coexistence circuitry 113 may include logic providing an interface between the WLAN baseband circuitry 108A and the BT baseband circuitry 108B to enable use cases requiring WLAN and BT coexistence.
  • a switch 103 may be provided between the WLAN FEM circuitry 104A and the BT FEM circuitry 104B to allow switching between the WLAN and BT radios according to application needs.
  • the antennas 101 are depicted as being respectively connected to the WLAN FEM circuitry 104A and the BT FEM circuitry 104B, embodiments include within their scope the sharing of one or more antennas as between the WLAN and BT FEMs, or the provision of more than one antenna connected to each of FEM 104A or 104B.
  • the front-end module circuitry 104, the radio IC circuitry 106, and baseband processing circuitry 108 may be provided on a single radio card, such as wireless radio card 102.
  • the one or more antennas 101, the FEM circuitry 104 and the radio IC circuitry 106 may be provided on a single radio card.
  • the radio IC circuitry 106 and the baseband processing circuitry 108 may be provided on a single chip or integrated circuit (IC), such as IC 112.
  • the wireless radio card 102 may include a
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured to receive and transmit orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication signals over a multicarrier communication channel.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexed
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • radio architecture 100 may be part of a Wi-Fi communication station (STA) such as a wireless access point (AP), a base station or a mobile device including a Wi-Fi device.
  • STA Wi-Fi communication station
  • AP wireless access point
  • radio architecture 100 may be configured to transmit and receive signals in accordance with specific communication standards and/or protocols, such as any of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards including, IEEE 802.11n-2009, IEEE 802.11-2012, IEEE
  • Radio architecture 100 may also be suitable to transmit and/or receive communications in accordance with other techniques and standards.
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured for high-efficiency (HE) Wi-Fi (HEW) communications in accordance with the IEEE 802.1 lax standard.
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured to communicate in accordance with an OFDMA technique, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured to transmit and receive signals transmitted using one or more other modulation techniques such as spread spectrum modulation (e.g., direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and/or frequency hopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA)), time-division multiplexing (TDM) modulation, and/or frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) modulation, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • spread spectrum modulation e.g., direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and/or frequency hopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA)
  • TDM time-division multiplexing
  • FDM frequency-division multiplexing
  • the BT baseband circuitry 108B may be compliant with a Bluetooth (BT) connectivity standard such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth 4.0 or Bluetooth 5.0, or any other iteration of the Bluetooth Standard.
  • BT Bluetooth
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured to establish a BT synchronous connection oriented (SCO) link and/or a BT low energy (BT LE) link.
  • SCO BT synchronous connection oriented
  • BT LE BT low energy
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured to establish an extended SCO (eSCO) link for BT communications, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the radio architecture may be configured to engage in a BT
  • Asynchronous Connection-Less (ACL) communications although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the functions of a BT radio card and WLAN radio card may be combined on a single wireless radio card, such as single wireless radio card 102, although embodiments are not so limited, and include within their scope discrete WLAN and BT radio cards
  • the radio-architecture 100 may include other radio cards, such as a cellular radio card configured for cellular (e.g., 3GPP such as LTE, LTE-Advanced or 5G communications).
  • a cellular radio card configured for cellular (e.g., 3GPP such as LTE, LTE-Advanced or 5G communications).
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured for communication over various channel bandwidths including bandwidths having center frequencies of about 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and bandwidths of about 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 4 MHz, 5MHz, 8 MHz, 10 MHz, 16 MHz, 20 MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz (with contiguous bandwidths) or 80+80MHz (160MHz) (with non-contiguous bandwidths).
  • a 320 MHz channel bandwidth may be used.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates FEM circuitry 200 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the FEM circuitry 200 is one example of circuitry that may be suitable for use as the WLAN and/or BT FEM circuitry 104A/104B (FIG. 1), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.
  • the FEM circuitry 200 may include a
  • the FEM circuitry 200 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
  • the receive signal path of the FEM circuitry 200 may include a low -noise amplifier (LNA) 206 to amplify received RF signals 203 and provide the amplified received RF signals 207 as an output (e.g., to the radio IC circuitry 106 (FIG. 1)).
  • LNA low -noise amplifier
  • the transmit signal path of the circuitry 200 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals 209 (e.g., provided by the radio IC circuitry 106), and one or more filters 212, such as band-pass filters (BPFs), low-pass filters (LPFs) or other types of filters, to generate RF signals 215 for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the antennas 101 (FIG. 1)) ⁇
  • PA power amplifier
  • filters 212 such as band-pass filters (BPFs), low-pass filters (LPFs) or other types of filters
  • the FEM circuitry 200 may be configured to operate in either the 2.4 GHz frequency spectrum or the 5 GHz frequency spectrum.
  • the receive signal path of the FEM circuitry 200 may include a receive signal path duplexer 204 to separate the signals from each spectrum as well as provide a separate LNA 206 for each spectrum as shown.
  • the transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 200 may also include a power amplifier 210 and a filter 212, such as a BPF, a LPF or another type of filter for each frequency spectrum and a transmit signal path duplexer 214 to provide the signals of one of the different spectrums onto a single transmit path for subsequent transmission by the one or more of the antennas 101 (FIG. 1).
  • BT communications may utilize the 2.4 GHZ signal paths and may utilize the same FEM circuitry 200 as the one used for WLAN communications.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates radio IC circuitry 300 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the radio IC circuitry 300 is one example of circuitry that may be suitable for use as the WLAN or BT radio IC circuitry 106A/106B (FIG. 1), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.
  • the radio IC circuitry 300 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
  • the receive signal path of the radio IC circuitry 300 may include at least mixer circuitry 302, such as, for example, down-conversion mixer circuitry, amplifier circuitry 306 and filter circuitry 308.
  • the transmit signal path of the radio IC circuitry 300 may include at least filter circuitry 312 and mixer circuitry 314, such as, for example, up- conversion mixer circuitry.
  • Radio IC circuitry 300 may also include synthesizer circuitry 304 for synthesizing a frequency 305 for use by the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314.
  • the mixer circuitry 302 and/or 314 may each, according to some embodiments, be configured to provide direct conversion functionality.
  • the latter type of circuitry presents a much simpler architecture as compared with standard super-heterodyne mixer circuitries, and any flicker noise brought about by the same may be alleviated for example through the use of OFDM modulation.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates only a simplified version of a radio IC circuitry, and may include, although not shown, embodiments where each of the depicted circuitries may include more than one component.
  • mixer circuitry 320 and/or 314 may each include one or more mixers, and filter circuitries 308 and/or 312 may each include one or more filters, such as one or more BPFs and/or LPFs according to application needs.
  • filter circuitries 308 and/or 312 may each include one or more filters, such as one or more BPFs and/or LPFs according to application needs.
  • mixer circuitries when mixer circuitries are of the direct-conversion type, they may each include two or more mixers.
  • mixer circuitry 302 may be configured to down-convert RF signals 207 received from the FEM circuitry 104 (FIG. 1) based on the synthesized frequency 305 provided by synthesizer circuitry 304.
  • the amplifier circuitry 306 may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 308 may include a LPF configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals 307.
  • Output baseband signals 307 may be provided to the baseband processing circuitry 108 (FIG. 1) for further processing.
  • the output baseband signals 307 may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement.
  • mixer circuitry 302 may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the mixer circuitry 314 may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals 31 1 based on the synthesized frequency 305 provided by the synthesizer circuitry 304 to generate RF output signals 209 for the FEM circuitry 104.
  • the baseband signals 31 1 may be provided by the baseband processing circuitry 108 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 312.
  • the filter circuitry 312 may include a LPF or a BPF, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314 may each include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature down -conversion and/or up-conversion respectively with the help of synthesizer 304.
  • the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314 may each include two or more mixers each configured for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection).
  • the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314 may be arranged for direct down- conversion and/or direct up-conversion, respectively.
  • the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314 may be configured for superheterodyne operation, although this is not a requirement.
  • Mixer circuitry 302 may comprise, according to one embodiment: quadrature passive mixers (e.g., for the in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) paths).
  • RF input signal 207 from Fig. 3 may be down- converted to provide I and Q baseband output signals to be sent to the baseband processor
  • Quadrature passive mixers may be driven by zero and ninety- degree time -varying LO switching signals provided by a quadrature circuitry which may be configured to receive a LO frequency (fro) from a local oscillator or a synthesizer, such as LO frequency 305 of synthesizer 304 (FIG. 3).
  • the LO frequency may be the carrier frequency, while in other embodiments, the LO frequency may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., one-half the carrier frequency, one-third the carrier frequency).
  • the zero and ninety-degree time-varying switching signals may be generated by the synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the LO signals may differ in duty cycle
  • each branch of the mixer circuitry e.g., the in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) path
  • the RF input signal 207 may comprise a balanced signal, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the I and Q baseband output signals may be provided to low-nose amplifier, such as amplifier circuitry 306 (FIG. 3) or to filter circuitry 308 (FIG. 3).
  • the output baseband signals 307 and the input baseband signals 311 may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternate
  • the output baseband signals 307 and the input baseband signals 311 may be digital baseband signals.
  • the radio IC circuitry may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry.
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • DAC digital-to-analog converter
  • a separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, or for other spectrums not mentioned here, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 304 may be a fractional -N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable.
  • synthesizer circuitry 304 may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 304 may include digital synthesizer circuitry.
  • frequency input into synthesizer circuity 304 may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement.
  • VCO voltage controlled oscillator
  • a divider control input may further be provided by either the baseband processing circuitry 108 (FIG. 1) or the application processor 111 (FIG. 1) depending on the desired output frequency 305.
  • a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table (e.g., within a Wi-Fi card) based on a channel number and a channel center frequency as determined or indicated by the application processor 111.
  • synthesizer circuitry 304 may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency 305, while in other embodiments, the output frequency 305 may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., one-half the carrier frequency, one-third the carrier frequency). In some embodiments, the output frequency 305 may be a LO frequency (fLo).
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a functional block diagram of baseband processing circuitry 400 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the baseband processing circuitry 400 is one example of circuitry that may be suitable for use as the baseband processing circuitry 108 (FIG. 1), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.
  • the baseband processing circuitry 400 may include a receive baseband processor (RX BBP) 402 for processing receive baseband signals 309 provided by the radio IC circuitry 106 (FIG. 1) and a transmit baseband processor (TX BBP) 404 for generating transmit baseband signals 311 for the radio IC circuitry 106.
  • RX BBP receive baseband processor
  • TX BBP transmit baseband processor
  • the baseband processing circuitry 400 may also include control logic 406 for coordinating the operations of the baseband processing circuitry 400.
  • the baseband processing circuitry 400 may include ADC 410 to convert analog baseband signals received from the radio IC circuitry 106 to digital baseband signals for processing by the RX BBP 402.
  • the baseband processing circuitry 400 may also include DAC 412 to convert digital baseband signals from the TX BBP 404 to analog baseband signals.
  • the transmit baseband processor 404 may be configured to generate OFDM or OFDMA signals as appropriate for transmission by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT).
  • the receive baseband processor 402 may be configured to process received OFDM signals or OFDMA signals by performing an FFT.
  • the receive baseband processor 402 may be configured to detect the presence of an OFDM signal or OFDMA signal by performing an autocorrelation, to detect a preamble, such as a short preamble, and by performing a cross-correlation, to detect a long preamble.
  • the preambles may be part of a predetermined frame structure for Wi-Fi communication.
  • the antennas 101 are identical to each other. [0055] Referring back to FIG. 1, in some embodiments, the antennas 101 are identical to each other.
  • FIG. 1 may each comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals.
  • the antennas may be effectively separated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result.
  • Antennas 101 may each include a set of phased-array antennas, although embodiments are not so limited.
  • the radio-architecture 100 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein.
  • the functional elements may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a WLAN 500 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the WLAN 500 may comprise a basis service set (BSS) that may include a HE access point (AP) 502, which may be an AP, a plurality of high- efficiency wireless (e.g., IEEE 802.1 lax) (HE) stations 504, and a plurality of legacy (e.g., IEEE 802.11n/ac) devices 506.
  • BSS basis service set
  • AP HE access point
  • HE high- efficiency wireless
  • legacy e.g., IEEE 802.11n/ac
  • the HE AP 502 may be an AP using the IEEE 802.11 to transmit and receive.
  • the HE AP 502 may be a base station.
  • the HE AP 502 may use other communications protocols as well as the IEEE 802.11 protocol.
  • the IEEE 802.11 protocol may be IEEE 802.1 lax.
  • the IEEE 802.11 protocol may include using orthogonal frequency division multiple-access (OFDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), and/or code division multiple access (CDMA).
  • the IEEE 802.11 protocol may include a multiple access technique.
  • the IEEE 802.11 protocol may include space-division multiple access (SDMA) and/or multiple-user multiple-input multiple -output (MU-MIMO).
  • SDMA space-division multiple access
  • MU-MIMO multiple-user multiple-input multiple -output
  • There may be more than one HE AP 502 that is part of an extended service set (ESS).
  • a controller (not illustrated) may store information that is common to the more than one
  • the legacy devices 506 may operate in accordance with one or more of IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac/ad/af/ah/aj/ay, or another legacy wireless communication standard.
  • the legacy devices 506 may be STAs or IEEE STAs.
  • the HE STAs 504 may be wireless transmit and receive devices such as cellular telephone, portable electronic wireless communication devices, smart telephone, handheld wireless device, wireless glasses, wireless watch, wireless personal device, tablet, or another device that may be transmitting and receiving using the IEEE 802.11 protocol such as IEEE 802.1 lax or another wireless protocol.
  • the HE STAs 504 may be termed high efficiency (HE) stations.
  • HE high efficiency
  • the HE AP 502 may communicate with legacy devices 506 in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 communication techniques.
  • the HE AP 502 may also be configured to communicate with HE STAs 504 in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 communication techniques.
  • a HE frame may be configurable to have the same bandwidth as a channel.
  • the HE frame may be a physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU).
  • PLCP physical Layer Convergence Procedure
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • MAC media access control
  • the bandwidth of a channel may be 20MHz, 40MHz, or 80MHz,
  • the bandwidth of a channel may be 1 MHz, 1.25MHz, 2.03MHz, 2.5MHz, 4.06 MHz, 5MHz and 10MHz, or a combination thereof or another bandwidth that is less or equal to the available bandwidth may also be used.
  • the bandwidth of the channels may be based on a number of active data subcarriers. In some embodiments the bandwidth of the channels is based on 26, 52, 106, 242, 484, 996, or 2x996 active data subcarriers or tones that are spaced by 20 MHz. In some embodiments the bandwidth of the channels is 256 tones spaced by 20 MHz. In some embodiments the channels are multiple of 26 tones or a multiple of 20 MHz. In some embodiments a 20 MHz channel may comprise 242 active data subcarriers or tones, which may determine the size of a Fast Fourier
  • FFT Fast Fourier Transform
  • the 26-subcarrier RU and 52-subcarrier RU are used in the 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz and 80+80 MHz
  • the 106-subcarrier RU is used in the 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz and 80+80 MHz OFDMA and MU-MIMO HE PPDU formats.
  • the 242-subcarrier RU is used in the 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz and 80+80 MHz OFDMA and MU- MIMO HE PPDU formats.
  • the 484-subcarrier RU is used in the 80 MHz, 160 MHz and 80+80 MHz OFDMA and MU-MIMO HE PPDU formats.
  • the 996-subcarrier RU is used in the 160 MHz and 80+80 MHz OFDMA and MU-MIMO HE PPDU formats.
  • a HE frame may be configured for transmitting a number of spatial streams, which may be in accordance with MU-MIMO and may be in accordance with OFDMA.
  • the HE AP 502, HE STA 504, and/or legacy device 506 may also implement different technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) 2000, CDMA 2000 IX, CDMA 2000 Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO), Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), BlueTooth®, or other technologies.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • CDMA 2000 IX CDMA 2000 Evolution-Data Optimized
  • EV-DO Evolution-Data Optimized
  • IS-2000 Interim Standard 2000
  • IS-95 IS-95
  • a HE AP 502 may operate as a master station which may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium (e.g., during a contention period) to receive exclusive control of the medium for an HE control period.
  • the HE control period may be termed a transmission opportunity (TXOP).
  • TXOP transmission opportunity
  • the HE AP 502 may transmit a HE master-sync transmission, which may be a trigger frame or HE control and schedule transmission, at the beginning of the HE control period.
  • the HE AP 502 may transmit a time duration of the TXOP and sub-channel information.
  • HE STAs 504 may communicate with the HE AP 502 in accordance with a non-contention based multiple access technique such as OFDMA or MU-MIMO. This is unlike conventional WLAN communications in which devices communicate in accordance with a contention- based communication technique, rather than a multiple access technique.
  • the HE AP 502 may communicate with HE stations 504 using one or more HE frames.
  • the HE STAs 504 may operate on a sub-channel smaller than the operating range of the HE AP 502.
  • legacy stations refrain from communicating. The legacy stations may need to receive the communication from the HE AP 502 to defer from communicating.
  • the STAs 504 may contend for the wireless medium with the legacy devices 506 being excluded from contending for the wireless medium during the master-sync transmission.
  • the trigger frame may indicate an uplink
  • the trigger frame may include a DL UL-MU-MIMO and/or DL OFDMA with a schedule indicated in a preamble portion of trigger frame.
  • the multiple-access technique used during the HE TXOP may be a scheduled OFDMA technique, although this is not a requirement.
  • the multiple access technique may be a time-division multiple access (TDMA) technique or a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) technique.
  • the multiple access technique may be a space-division multiple access (SDMA) technique.
  • the multiple access technique may be a Code division multiple access (CDMA).
  • the HE AP 502 may also communicate with legacy stations 506 and/or HE stations 504 in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 communication techniques.
  • the HE AP 502 may also be configurable to communicate with HE stations 504 outside the HE TXOP in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 communication techniques, although this is not a requirement.
  • the HE station 504 may be a "group owner" (GO) for peer-to-peer modes of operation.
  • a wireless device may be a HE station 502 or a HE AP 502.
  • the HE station 504 and/or HE AP 502 may be configured to operate in accordance with IEEE 802.1 lmc.
  • the radio architecture of FIG. 1 is configured to implement the HE station 504 and/or the HE AP 502.
  • the front-end module circuitry of FIG. 2 is configured to implement the HE station 504 and/or the HE AP 502.
  • the radio IC circuitry of FIG. 3 is configured to implement the HE station 504 and/or the HE AP 502.
  • the base-band processing circuitry of FIG. 4 is configured to implement the HE station 504 and/or the HE AP 502.
  • the HE stations 504, HE AP 502, an apparatus of the HE stations 504, and/or an apparatus of the HE AP 502 may include one or more of the following: the radio architecture of FIG. 1, the front- end module circuitry of FIG. 2, the radio IC circuitry of FIG. 3, and/or the baseband processing circuitry of FIG. 4.
  • the radio architecture of FIG. 1, the front-end module circuitry of FIG. 2, the radio IC circuitry of FIG. 3, and/or the base-band processing circuitry of FIG. 4 may be configured to perform the methods and operations/functions herein described in conjunction with FIGS. 1- 17.
  • the HE station 504 and/or the HE AP 502 are configured to perform the methods and operations/functions described herein in conjunction with FIGS. 1-17.
  • an apparatus of the HE station 504 and/or an apparatus of the HE AP 502 are configured to perform the methods and functions described herein in conjunction with FIGS. 1-17.
  • the term Wi-Fi may refer to one or more of the IEEE 802.11
  • AP and STA may refer to HE access point 502 and/or HE station 504 as well as legacy devices 506.
  • a HE AP STA may refer to a HE AP 502 and a HE STAs 504 that is operating a HE APs 502.
  • when an HE STA 504 is not operating as a HE AP it may be referred to as a HE non-AP STA or HE non-AP.
  • HE STA 504 may be referred to as either a HE AP STA or a HE non-AP.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an example machine 600 upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may perform.
  • the machine 600 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines.
  • the machine 600 may operate in the capacity of a server machine, a client machine, or both in server-client network environments.
  • the machine 600 may act as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environment.
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • the machine 600 may be a HE AP 502, HE station 504, personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable communications device, a mobile telephone, a smart phone, a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine.
  • PC personal computer
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • portable communications device a mobile telephone
  • smart phone a web appliance
  • network router, switch or bridge or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine.
  • machine shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS), other computer cluster configurations.
  • Machine 600 may include a hardware processor 602 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 604 and a static memory 606, some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interlink (e.g., bus) 608.
  • a hardware processor 602 e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof
  • main memory 604 e.g., main memory
  • static memory 606 e.g., static memory
  • main memory 604 includes Random Access
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • semiconductor memory devices which may include, in some embodiments, storage locations in semiconductors such as registers.
  • static memory 606 include non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; RAM; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
  • semiconductor memory devices e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)
  • flash memory devices e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)
  • EPROM Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • flash memory devices e.g., Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)
  • flash memory devices e.g., Electrically Erasable Programm
  • the machine 600 may further include a display device 610, an input device 612 (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 614 (e.g., a mouse).
  • the display device 610, input device 612 and UI navigation device 614 may be a touch screen display.
  • the machine 600 may additionally include a mass storage (e.g., drive unit) 616, a signal generation device 618 (e.g., a speaker), a network interface device 620, and one or more sensors 621, such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, compass, accelerometer, or other sensor.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the machine 600 may include an output controller 628, such as a serial (e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared(IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, card reader, etc.).
  • a serial e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared(IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, card reader, etc.).
  • the processor 602 and/or instructions 624 may comprise processing circuitry and/or transceiver circuitry.
  • the storage device 616 may include a machine readable medium
  • the instructions 624 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 604, within static memory 606, or within the hardware processor 602 during execution thereof by the machine 600.
  • the hardware processor 602, the main memory 604, the static memory 606, or the storage device 616 may constitute machine readable media.
  • machine readable media may include: nonvolatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., EPROM or EEPROM) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; RAM; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
  • nonvolatile memory such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., EPROM or EEPROM) and flash memory devices
  • magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks
  • magneto-optical disks such as CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
  • machine readable medium 622 is illustrated as a single medium, the term “machine readable medium” may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 624.
  • machine readable medium may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 624.
  • An apparatus of the machine 600 may be one or more of a hardware processor 602 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 604 and a static memory 606, sensors 621, network interface device 620, antennas 660, a display device 610, an input device 612, a UI navigation device 614, a mass storage 616, instructions 624, a signal generation device 618, and an output controller 628.
  • the apparatus may be configured to perform one or more of the methods and/or operations disclosed herein.
  • the apparatus may be intended as a component of the machine 600 to perform one or more of the methods and/or operations disclosed herein, and/or to perform a portion of one or more of the methods and/or operations disclosed herein.
  • the apparatus may include a pin or other means to receive power.
  • the apparatus may include power conditioning hardware.
  • machine readable medium may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 600 and that cause the machine 600 to perform any one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions.
  • Non- limiting machine readable medium examples may include solid-state memories, and optical and magnetic media.
  • machine readable media may include: non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; Random Access Memory (RAM); and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
  • non-volatile memory such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices
  • magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks
  • magneto-optical disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
  • machine readable media may include non-transitory machine readable media.
  • machine readable media may include machine readable media that is not a transitory
  • the instructions 624 may further be transmitted or received over a communications network 626 using a transmission medium via the network interface device 620 utilizing any one of a number of transfer protocols (e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.).
  • transfer protocols e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.
  • Example communication networks may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the Internet), mobile telephone networks (e.g., cellular networks), Plain Old Telephone (POTS) networks, and wireless data networks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) family of standards, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) family of standards, peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others.
  • LAN local area network
  • WAN wide area network
  • POTS Plain Old Telephone
  • wireless data networks e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®
  • IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE
  • the network interface device 620 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communications network 626.
  • the network interface device 620 may include one or more antennas 660 to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input single-output
  • the network interface device 620 may wirelessly communicate using Multiple User MIMO techniques.
  • MISO Multiple User MIMO
  • transmission medium shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 600, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible medium to facilitate communication of such software.
  • Examples, as described herein, may include, or may operate on, logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms.
  • Modules are tangible entities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain manner.
  • circuits may be arranged (e.g., internally or with respect to external entities such as other circuits) in a specified manner as a module.
  • the whole or part of one or more computer systems e.g., a standalone, client or server computer system
  • one or more hardware processors may be configured by firmware or software (e.g., instructions, an application portion, or an application) as a module that operates to perform specified operations.
  • the software may reside on a machine readable medium.
  • the software when executed by the underlying hardware of the module, causes the hardware to perform the specified operations.
  • module is understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, specifically configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily (e.g., transitorily) configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a specified manner or to perform part or all of any operation described herein.
  • each of the modules need not be instantiated at any one moment in time.
  • the modules comprise a general -purpose hardware processor configured using software
  • the general-purpose hardware processor may be configured as respective different modules at different times.
  • Software may accordingly configure a hardware processor, for example, to constitute a particular module at one instance of time and to constitute a different module at a different instance of time.
  • Some embodiments may be implemented fully or partially in software and/or firmware.
  • This software and/or firmware may take the form of instructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Those instructions may then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein.
  • the instructions may be in any suitable form, such as but not limited to source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like.
  • Such a computer-readable medium may include any tangible non- transitory medium for storing information in a form readable by one or more computers, such as but not limited to read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; flash memory, etc.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless device
  • the wireless device 700 may be a HE device.
  • the wireless device 700 may be a HE STA 504 and/or HE AP 502 (e.g., FIG. 5).
  • a HE STA 504 and/or HE AP 502 may include some or all of the components shown in FIGS. 1-7.
  • the wireless device 700 may be an example machine 600 as disclosed in conjunction with FIG. 6.
  • the wireless device 700 may include processing circuitry 708.
  • the processing circuitry 708 may include a transceiver 702, physical layer circuitry (PHY circuitry) 704, and MAC layer circuitry (MAC circuitry) 706, one or more of which may enable transmission and reception of signals to and from other wireless devices 700 (e.g., HE AP 502, HE STA 504, and/or legacy devices 506) using one or more antennas 712.
  • the PHY circuitry 704 may perform various encoding and decoding functions that may include formation of baseband signals for transmission and decoding of received signals.
  • the transceiver 702 may perform various transmission and reception functions such as conversion of signals between a baseband range and a Radio Frequency (RF) range.
  • RF Radio Frequency
  • the PHY circuitry 704 and the transceiver 702 may be separate components or may be part of a combined component, e.g., processing circuitry 708.
  • some of the described functionality related to transmission and reception of signals may be performed by a combination that may include one, any or all of the PHY circuitry 704 the transceiver 702, MAC circuitry 706, memory 710, and other components or layers.
  • the wireless device 700 may also include memory 710 arranged to perform the operations described herein, e.g., some of the operations described herein may be performed by instructions stored in the memory 710.
  • the memory 710 may be configured to retrieve and store one or more PPDUs that may comprise a TWT element.
  • the antennas 712 may comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals.
  • the antennas 712 may be effectively separated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result.
  • One or more of the memory 710, the transceiver 702, the PHY circuitry 704, the MAC circuitry 706, the antennas 712, and/or the processing circuitry 708 may be coupled with one another.
  • memory 710, the transceiver 702, the PHY circuitry 704, the MAC circuitry 706, the antennas 712 are illustrated as separate components, one or more of memory 710, the transceiver 702, the PHY circuitry 704, the MAC circuitry 706, the antennas 712 may be integrated in an electronic package or chip.
  • the wireless device 700 may be a mobile device as described in conjunction with FIG. 6.
  • the wireless device 700 may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more wireless communication standards as described herein (e.g., as described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-6, IEEE 802.11).
  • the wireless device 700 may include one or more of the components as described in conjunction with FIG. 6 (e.g., display device 610, input device 612, etc.)
  • the wireless device 700 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein.
  • the functional elements may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.
  • an apparatus of or used by the wireless device 700 may include various components of the wireless device 700 as shown in FIG. 7 and/or components from FIGS. 1-6. Accordingly, techniques and operations described herein that refer to the wireless device 700 may be applicable to an apparatus for a wireless device 700 (e.g., HE AP 502 and/or HE STA 504), in some embodiments.
  • the wireless device 700 is configured to decode and/or encode signals, packets, and/or frames as described herein, e .g . , PPDUs .
  • the MAC circuitry 706 may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium during a contention period to receive control of the medium for a HE TXOP and encode or decode an HE PPDU. In some embodiments, the MAC circuitry 706 may be arranged to contend for the wireless medium based on channel contention settings, a transmitting power level, and a clear channel assessment level (e.g., an energy detect level).
  • a clear channel assessment level e.g., an energy detect level
  • the PHY circuitry 704 may be arranged to transmit signals in accordance with one or more communication standards described herein.
  • the PHY circuitry 704 may be configured to transmit a HE PPDU.
  • the PHY circuitry 704 may include circuitry for modulation/demodulation, upconversion/downconversion, filtering, amplification, etc.
  • the processing circuitry 708 may include one or more processors.
  • the processing circuitry 708 may be configured to perform functions based on instructions being stored in a RAM or ROM, or based on special purpose circuitry.
  • the processing circuitry 708 may include a processor such as a general purpose processor or special purpose processor.
  • the processing circuitry 708 may implement one or more functions associated with antennas 712, the transceiver 702, the PHY circuitry 704, the MAC circuitry 706, and/or the memory 710. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 708 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions/operations and/or methods described herein.
  • communication between a station (e.g., the HE stations 504 of FIG. 5 or wireless device 700) and an access point (e.g., the HE AP 502 of FIG. 5 or wireless device 700) may use associated effective wireless channels that are highly directionally dependent.
  • beamforming techniques may be utilized to radiate energy in a certain direction with certain beamwidth to communicate between two devices.
  • the directed propagation concentrates transmitted energy toward a target device in order to compensate for significant energy loss in the channel between the two communicating devices.
  • Using directed transmission may extend the range of the millimeter-wave communication versus utilizing the same transmitted energy in omni-directional propagation.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a method 800 for broadcast transmission synchronization at a TWT in accordance with some embodiments. Illustrated in FIG. 8 is time 802 along a horizontal axis and transmitters 804 along a vertical axis.
  • the HE AP 502 may be a HE AP 502 as disclosed in conjunction with FIG. 5.
  • the HE AP 502 may be a responding station, requesting station, or a scheduling AP, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the HE station 504 may be a responding station, requesting station, or a scheduled STA, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the PS state of HE station 504.1 may be indicated by PS state 503.1, and the PS state 503 of HE state 504.2 may be indicated by PS state 503.2.
  • TWT service period (SP) HE STA 1 850 may be a SP, e.g., an individual SP based on a previously negotiated individual TWT agreement between the HE AP 502 and HE station 504.1.
  • the method 800 may begin at TWT SP HE STA 1 850 with the HE AP 502 contending for the wireless medium 806.
  • the method 800 may continue with the HE AP 502 transmitting a trigger frame 808.
  • the method 800 may continue with HE station 504.1 transmitting a power save (PS) poll (PSP) frame 810 in response to the trigger frame 808.
  • PSP power save
  • the HE station 504.1 may transmit a quality of service (QoS) null data packet (NDP) in response to the trigger frame 808.
  • QoS quality of service
  • NDP quality of service
  • the method may continue with the HE AP 502 transmitting an acknowledgement of the PSP 810, e.g., a multi-user block acknowledgment (M-BA) 812.
  • M-BA multi-user block acknowledgment
  • the method 800 continues with the HE AP 502 transmitting a DL
  • the method 800 continues with the HE station 504.1 transmitting an acknowledgement to the DL MU PPDU 816, e.g., block acknowledgement (BA) 814.
  • the frame exchanges 808 through 814 is an example of non-broadcast frames that may be exchanged.
  • the HE AP 502 and HE station 504.1 may exchange different frames or no frames before the group address TWT individual (GP ADDR TWT IND) 818 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the method 800 may continue with the HE AP 502 transmitting GP ADDR TWT IND 818.
  • GP ADDR TWT IND 818 may be a TWT element 1000.
  • GP ADDR TWT IND 818 may be a TWT element 1000 with control field 1100 and a request type 1200.
  • the GP ADDR TWT IND 818 may indicate TWT SP Broadcast 854.
  • the HE station 504.1 may switch from a PS state 503.1 of doze to active at the start of TWT SP HE STA 1 850.
  • the HE station 504.1 may switch from a PS state 503.1 of active to doze at the end of TWT SP HE STA 1 850.
  • TWT SP HE STA 2 852 may be a SP, e.g., an individual SP based on a previously negotiated individual TWT agreement between the HE AP 502 and HE station 504.2.
  • the method 800 continues at TWT SP HE STA 2 852 with the
  • the method 800 may continue with the HE AP 502 transmitting a trigger frame 822.
  • the method 800 may continue with HE station 504.2 transmitting a PS poll frame 824 in response to the trigger frame 822.
  • the HE station 504.2 may transmit a QoS NDP in response to the trigger frame 822.
  • the method 800 may continue with the HE AP 502 transmitting M-BA 826 to acknowledge the PSP 824.
  • the method 800 continues with the HE AP 502 transmitting a DL PPDU to the HE station 504.2, e.g., a DL MU PPDU 828.
  • the method 800 continues with the HE station 504.2 transmitting an acknowledgement to the DL MU PPDU 828, e.g., BA 830.
  • the frame exchanges 822 through 830 are an example of non-broadcast frames that may be exchanged.
  • the HE AP 502 and HE station 504.2 may exchange different frames or no frames before the GP ADDR TWT IND 832 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the method 800 may continue with the HE AP 502 transmitting
  • GP ADDR TWT IND 832 may be a TWT element 1000. In some embodiments, GP ADDR TWT IND 832 may be a TWT element 1000 with control field 1100 and a request type 1200. As disclosed in conjunction with FIGS. 9, 10, and 11 the GP ADDR TWT IND 818 may indicate TWT SP Broadcast 854.
  • the HE station 504.2 may switch from a PS state 503.2 of doze to active at the start of TWT SP HE STA 1 852.
  • the HE station 504.2 may switch from a PS state 503.2 of active to doze at the end of TWT SP HE STA 1 852.
  • TWT SP Broadcast 854 may be a SP for Broadcast/multi-cast, e.g., as previously negotiated with GP ADDR TWT IND 818 (between HE AP 502 and HE station 504.2) and GP ADDR TWT IND 832 (between the HE AP 502 and HE station 504.2).
  • the method 800 continues at TWT SP Broadcast 854 with the HE AP 502 contending for the wireless medium 834.
  • the method 800 may continue with the HE AP 502 transmitting one or more broadcast PPDUs, e.g., BCAST 836, 840, and 844.
  • the HE AP 502 may need to contend for the wireless medium each time at 838 and 842.
  • the broadcast PPDUs may be beacon frames.
  • HE station 504.1 and HE station 504.2 may decode one or more of the BCASTs 836, 840, and 844.
  • the BCASTs 836, 840, and 844 may be beacons in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the HE station 504.1 may switch from a PS state 503.1 of doze to active at the start of TWT SP Broadcast 854.
  • the HE station 504.2 may switch from a PS state 503.2 of doze to active at the start of TWT SP Broadcast 854.
  • the HE station 504.1 may switch from a PS state 503.1 of active to doze at the end of TWT SP Broadcast 854.
  • the HE station 504.2 may switch from a PS state 503.2 of active to doze at the end of TWT SP Broadcast 854.
  • the method 800 may include additional SPs and/or operations. Additionally, one or more of the operations described may be omitted.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a method 900 for a broadcast transmission synchronization at a TWT in accordance with some embodiments. Illustrated in FIG. 9 is time 902 along a horizontal axis and transmitters 904 along a vertical axis.
  • the HE AP 502 may be a HE AP 502 as disclosed in conjunction with FIG. 5.
  • the HE AP 502 may be a responding station, requesting station, or a scheduling AP, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the HE station 504 may be a responding station, requesting station, or a scheduled STA, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the PS state 503 of HE station 504.1 may be indicated by PS state 503.1, and the PS state 903 of HE state 504.2 may be indicated by PS state 903.2.
  • TWT negotiation (NEG) STA 1 950 may be a SP, e.g., an individual SP based on a previously negotiated individual TWT agreement between the HE AP 502 and HE station 504.1.
  • TWT NEG STA 1 950 may be a period of time when HE station 504.1 is active.
  • the method 900 may begin with HE station 504.1 transmitting a TWT request (TWTREQ) 910.
  • HE station 504.1 may first contend for the wireless medium (not illustrated).
  • the TWTREQ 910 may be a TWT element 1300.
  • the TWTREQ 910 may be configured as disclosed in conjunction with FIGS. 13, 14, and 15 to indicate TWT SP STA 1 954 and/or TWT SP BCAST 958.
  • the method 900 may continue with the HE AP 502 may transmit an ACK 912 to the HE station 504.1 to acknowledge the TWTREQ 910.
  • the method 900 may continue with the HE AP 502 transmitting a TWT response (RES) 914.
  • the TWTRES 914 may be as disclosed in conjunction with FIGS. 13, 14, and 15.
  • the TWTRES 914 may change some of the parameters of the TWTREQ 910.
  • the TWTRES 914 may indicate or confirm TWT SP STA 1 954 and/or TWT SP BCAST 958.
  • the HE station 504.1 may transmit an ACK 916 to acknowledge the TWTRES 914.
  • the HE station 504.1 may switch from a PS state 903.1 of doze to active at the start of TWT NEG STA 1 950.
  • the HE station 504.1 may switch from a PS state 903.1 of active to doze at the end of TWT NEG STA 1 950.
  • TWT NEG STA 2 952 may be a SP, e.g., an individual SP based on a previously negotiated individual TWT agreement between the HE AP 502 and HE station 504.2.
  • TWT NEG STA 1 952 may be a period of time when HE station 504.2 is active.
  • the method 900 may continue with HE station 504.2 transmitting a TWT TWTREQ 918.
  • HE station 504.2 may first contend for the wireless medium (not illustrated).
  • the TWTREQ 918 may be a TWT element 1300.
  • the TWTREQ 918 may be configured as disclosed in conjunction with FIGS. 13, 14, and 15 to indicate TWT SP STA 2 956 and/or TWT SP BCAST 958.
  • the method 900 may continue with the HE AP 502 transmitting an ACK 920 to the HE station 504.1 to acknowledge the TWTREQ 918.
  • the method 900 may continue with the HE AP 502 transmitting a TWTRES 922.
  • the TWTRES 922 may be as disclosed in conjunction with FIGS. 13, 14, and 15.
  • the TWTRES 922 may change some of the parameters of the TWTREQ 918.
  • the TWTRES 922 may indicate or confirm TWT SP STA 2 956 and/or TWT SP BCAST 958.
  • the HE station 504.2 may transmit an ACK 924 to acknowledge the TWTRES 922.
  • the HE station 504.2 may switch from a PS state 903.2 of doze to active at the start of TWT NEG STA 2 952.
  • the HE station 504.2 may switch from a PS state 903.2 of active to doze at the end of TWT NEG STA 1 950.
  • TWT SP HE STA 1 954 may be a SP, e.g., an individual SP based on the negotiated individual TWT agreement between the HE AP 502 and HE station 504.1 formed by TWTREQ 910 and TWTRES 914.
  • the method 800 may continue at TWT SP HE STA 1 954 with the HE AP 502 contending for the wireless medium (not illustrated).
  • the method 900 may continue with the HE AP 502 transmitting a trigger frame 926.
  • the method 900 may continue with HE station 504.1 transmitting a PSP frame 928 in response to the trigger frame 926.
  • the method 900 may continue with the HE AP 502 transmitting an acknowledgement of the PSP 928, e.g., a M-BA 930.
  • the method 900 continues with the HE AP 502 transmitting a DL
  • the method 900 continues with the HE station 504.1 transmitting an acknowledgement to the DL MU PPDU 932, e.g., BA 934.
  • the frame exchanges 926 through 934 are an example of non-broadcast frames that may be exchanged.
  • the HE AP 502 and HE station 504.1 may exchange different frames or no frames.
  • the HE station 504.1 may switch from a PS state 903.1 of doze to active at the start of TWT SP STA 1 954.
  • the HE station 504.1 may switch from a PS state 903.1 of active to doze at the end of TWT SP STA 1 954.
  • TWT SP HE STA 2 956 may be a SP, e.g., an individual SP based on the negotiated individual TWT agreement between the HE AP 502 and HE station 504.1 formed by TWTREQ 918 and TWTRES 922.
  • the method 900 may continue at TWT SP HE STA 2 956 with the HE AP 502 contending for the wireless medium (not illustrated).
  • the method 900 may continue with the HE AP 502 transmitting a trigger frame 936.
  • the method 900 may continue with HE station 504.2 transmitting a PSP frame 938 in response to the trigger frame 936.
  • the method 900 may continue with the HE AP 502 transmitting an acknowledgement of the PSP 938, e.g., a M-BA 940.
  • the method 900 continues with the HE AP 502 transmitting a DL
  • the method 900 continues with the HE station 504.2 transmitting an acknowledgement to the DL MU PPDU 942, e.g., BA 944.
  • the frame exchanges 936 through 944 are an example of non-broadcast frames that may be exchanged.
  • the HE AP 502 and HE station 504.2 may exchange different frames or no frames.
  • the HE station 504.2 may switch from a PS state 903.2 of doze to active at the start of TWT SP STA 2 956.
  • the HE station 504.2 may switch from a PS state 903.2 of active to doze at the end of TWT SP STA 2 956.
  • TWT SP Broadcast 958 may be a SP for Broadcast/multi-cast, e.g., as previously negotiated with TWTREQ 910 and TWTRES 914 between the HE AP 502 and the HE station 504.1, and TWTREQ 918 and TWTRES 922 between the HE AP 502 and the HE station 504.2.
  • the method 900 continues at TWT SP Broadcast 858 with the HE AP 502 contending for the wireless medium 946.
  • the method 900 may continue with the HE AP 502 transmitting one or more broadcast PPDUs, e.g., BCAST 948, and 952.
  • the HE AP 502 may need to contend for the wireless medium at 950 before transmitting BCAST 952.
  • the broadcast PPDUs may be beacon frames.
  • the HE AP 502 is configured to refrain from transmitting BCAST frames 948, 952 during the TWT NEG STA 1 950, TWT NEG STA 2 952, TWT SP STA 1 954, and TWT SP STA 2 956.
  • the HE station 504.1 may switch from a PS state 903.1 of doze to active at the start of TWT SP Broadcast 958.
  • the HE station 504.2 may switch from a PS state 903.2 of doze to active at the start of TWT SP Broadcast 958.
  • the HE station 504.1 may switch from a PS state 903.1 of active to doze at the end of TWT SP Broadcast 958.
  • the HE station 504.2 may switch from a PS state 903.2 of active to doze at the start of TWT SP Broadcast 958.
  • the method 900 may include additional SPs and/or operations. Additionally, one or more of the operations described may be omitted.
  • the methods 800 and 900 may provide a technical solution to transmitting BCAST frames to HE stations 504 when the HE stations 504 are in an active state.
  • the HE AP 504 may only have to broadcast a BCAST 836 one time.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a TWT element 1000 with a broadcast field equal to 1, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the TWT element 1000 may include one or more of the following fields element ID field 1002, length field 1004, control field 1006, request type field 1008, TWT field 1010, nominal minimum TWT wake duration field 1012, TWT wake interval mantissa field 1014, and broadcast TWT information field 1016.
  • Repeat for each broadcast TWT parameter set 1018 indicates fields that are repeated for each broadcast TWT parameter set.
  • the TWT element field 1000 may include one or more additional fields (not illustrated.) A number of octets 1020 for each field is indicated below the fields, in accordance with some
  • a value of the element ID field 1002 may indicate the type of element, e.g., TWT element.
  • a value of the length field 1004 may indicate a length of the TWT element 1000.
  • the control field 1006 may be a control field, e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 11.
  • the request type field 1008 may be a request type field, e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 12.
  • a value of the TWT field 1010 indicates a number for TWT that may be interpreted based on one or more other fields, e.g., the broadcast field 1106 and wake TBTT negotiation field 1108.
  • a value of the nominal minimum TWT wake duration 1012 indicates a number for nominal minimum TWT wake duration that may be interpreted based on one or more other fields, e.g., the broadcast field 1106 and wake TBTT negotiation field 1108.
  • the TWT wake interval mantissa 1014 indicates a number for
  • the broadcast TWT wake interval mantissa may be interpreted based on one or more other fields, e.g., the broadcast field 1106 and wake TBTT negotiation field 1108.
  • the broadcast TWT information field 1016 may be present when the broadcast field 1106 indicates (e.g., a value of 1) the TWT parameter set is broadcast.
  • the broadcast TWT information field 1016 may include a broadcast TWT persistence field (not illustrated) and a broadcast TWT ID field (not illustrated).
  • the broadcast TWT persistence field indicates the number of beacon intervals during which the broadcast TWT SP corresponding to this broadcast TWT parameter set are present, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the number of beacon intervals during which the broadcast TWT SP are present is equal to the value in the broadcast TWT persistence subfield plus 1, except that the value of 7 may indicate that the broadcast TWT SP are present for every beacon interval, until explicitly terminated.
  • the broadcast TWT ID may be an ID for the broadcast TWT, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a control field 1100 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the control field 1100 may include one or more of the following fields: null data packet (NDP) paging indicator field 1102, responder power management (PM) mode field 1104, broadcast field 1106, wake TBTT negotiation field 1108, group addressed transmission indication field 1110, and reserved field 1112.
  • NDP null data packet
  • PM responder power management
  • broadcast field 1106 wake TBTT negotiation field 1108, group addressed transmission indication field 1110
  • reserved field 1112 reserved field
  • the control field 1100 may include one or more additional fields (not illustrated.)
  • a number of bits 1114 for each field is indicated below the fields, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the NDP paging indicator field 1102 may indicate whether NDP paging is indicated.
  • the responder PM mode field 1104 may indicate a PM mode.
  • the broadcast field 1106 may indicate whether one or more broadcast TWT parameter sets are contained in the TWT element 1000 where each TWT parameter set includes the fields indicated by the repeat for each broadcast TWT parameter set 1018.
  • the wake TBTT negotiation field 1108 and the broadcast field 1106 may indicate when and how TWT negotiations may occur.
  • the group addressed transmission indication field 1110 may indicate whether the repeat for each broadcast TWT parameter set 1018 includes an availability period for group addressed TWT parameters. In some embodiments, whether the repeat for each broadcast TWT parameter set 1018 includes an availability period for group addressed TWT parameters is indicated by different fields of the control field 1100 or TWT element 1000.
  • the reserved field 1112 may be reserved for future use or may include one or more additional fields.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a request type field 1200 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the request type field 1200 includes one or more of the following fields: a TWT request field 1202, a TWT setup command field 1204, a trigger field 1206, an implicit / last broadcast parameter set field 1208, a flow type field 1210, a TWT flow identifier field 1212, a TWT wake interval exponent field 1214, and a TWT protection field 1216.
  • the request type field 1200 may include one or more additional fields (not illustrated.) A number of bits 1218 for each field is indicated below the fields, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the TWT request field 1202 may indicate whether the TWT element 1000 is from a TWT requesting STA (e.g., HE station 504) or TWT scheduled STA (e.g., HE station 504), or is from a TWT responding STA (e.g., HE station 504) or TWT scheduling AP (e.g., HE AP).
  • the TWT setup command field 1204 may indicate a type of command.
  • the trigger field 1206 may indicate (e.g., a 1 indicates there will be at least one trigger frame) whether or not the TWT SP indicated by the TWT element 1000 includes trigger frames.
  • the implicit / last broadcast parameter set field 1208 may indicate (e.g., a 1 for a request for an implicit TWT) a request for an implicit TWT.
  • the flow type field 1210 may indicate (e.g., a value of 1) an unannounced TWT by a TWT scheduling AP. Otherwise (e.g., a value of 0) the flow type field 1210 may indicate an announced TWT.
  • an implicit / last broadcast parameter set field 1208 value of 0 and a broadcast field 1106 value of 0 indicates a request for an explicit TWT.
  • the TWT flow identifier field 1212 may indicate a type of flow.
  • the TWT flow identifier field 1212 may identify an availability period for broadcast/multicast parameter sets.
  • a TWT scheduling AP may include a nonzero value for the TWT wake interval in the TWT Wake Interval exponent field 1214 and TWT Wake Interval Mantissa field 1014 for a periodic TWT and a zero value for an aperiodic TWT.
  • the TWT protection field 1216 may indicate whether transmission opportunities (TXOPs) within the TWT SP shall be initiated with a network availability vector (NAV) protection mechanism.
  • TXOPs transmission opportunities
  • NAV network availability vector
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a TWT element 1300 with a broadcast field equal to 0, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the broadcast field may have a value of 0.
  • the TWT element 1300 may include one or more of the following fields element ID field 1302, length field 1304, control field 1306, request type field 1308, TWT field 1310, TWT group assignment field 1312, nominal TWT wake duration field 1314, TWT wake interval mantissa field 1316, broadcast TWT ID field 1318, TWT channel field 1320, and NDP paging field 1322.
  • the TWT element field 1300 may include one or more additional fields (not illustrated.) A number of octets 1324 for each field is indicated below the fields, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • a value of the element ID field 1302 may indicate the type of element, e.g., TWT element.
  • a value of the length field 1304 may indicate a length of the TWT element 1300.
  • the control field 1306 may be a control field, e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 14.
  • the request type field 1308 may be a request type field, e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 15.
  • a value of the TWT field 1310 may indicate a number for TWT that may be interpreted based on one or more other fields, e.g., the broadcast field 1406 and wake TBTT negotiation field 1408.
  • the TWT group assignment field 1312 may include a TWT group assignment for HE stations 504 addressed by the TWT parameter set 1318.
  • a value of the nominal minimum TWT wake duration 1312 indicates a number for nominal minimum TWT wake duration that may be interpreted based on one or more other fields.
  • the TWT wake interval mantissa 1314 indicates a number for
  • the broadcast TWT wake interval mantissa may be interpreted based on one or more other fields.
  • the broadcast TWT information field 1316 may be present when the broadcast field 1406 indicates (e.g., a value of 1).
  • the broadcast TWT ID 1318 may include a broadcast TWT persistence field (not illustrated) and a broadcast TWT ID field (not illustrated).
  • the broadcast TWT persistence field indicates the number of beacon intervals during which the broadcast TWT SP
  • the number of beacon intervals during which the broadcast TWT SP are present is equal to the value in the broadcast TWT persistence subfield plus 1, except that the value of 7 may indicate that the broadcast TWT SP are present for every beacon interval, until explicitly terminated.
  • the broadcast TWT ID may be an ID for the broadcast TWT, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the TWT channel 1320 may indicate a channel for the TWT and/or beacon, e.g., primary 20 MHz channel, secondary 20 MHz channel, etc.
  • the NDP paging 1322 indicator may indicate whether NDP paging will be used.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a control field 1400 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the control field 1400 may include one or more of the following fields: NDP paging indicator field 1402, responder PM mode field 1404, broadcast field 1406, wake TBTT negotiation field 1408, dual TWT SP 1410, and reserved field 1412.
  • the control field 1400 may include one or more additional fields (not illustrated.)
  • a number of bits 1414 for each field is indicated below the fields, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the NDP paging indicator field 1402 may indicate whether NDP paging is indicated.
  • the responder PM mode field 1404 may indicate a PM mode.
  • the broadcast field 1406 may indicate whether the TWT element 1300 is for broadcast.
  • the wake TBTT negotiation field 1108 and the broadcast field 1306 may indicate when and how TWT negotiations may occur.
  • TWT parameter set 1318 will include availability period for broad/multicast parameters.
  • the reserved field 1112 may be reserved for future use or may include one or more additional fields.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a request type field 1500 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the request type field 1500 includes one or more of the following fields: a TWT request field 1502, a TWT setup command field 1504, a trigger field 1506, an implicit / last broadcast parameter set field 1508, a flow type field 1510, a TWT flow identifier field 1512, a TWT wake interval exponent field 1514, and a TWT protection field 1516.
  • the request type field 1500 may include one or more additional fields (not illustrated.) A number of bits 1518 for each field is indicated below the fields, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the TWT request field 1502 may indicate whether the TWT element 1300 is from a TWT requesting STA (e.g., HE station 504) or TWT scheduled STA (e.g., HE station 504), or is from a TWT responding STA (e.g., HE station 504) or TWT scheduling AP (e.g., HE AP).
  • the TWT setup command field 1504 may indicate a type of command.
  • the trigger field 1506 may indicate (e.g., a 1 indicates there will be at least one trigger frame) whether or not the TWT SP indicated by the TWT element 1300 includes trigger frames.
  • the implicit / last broadcast parameter set field 1508 may indicate (e.g., a 1 for a request for an implicit TWT) a request for an implicit TWT.
  • the flow type field 1510 may indicate (e.g., a value of 1) an unannounced TWT by a TWT scheduling AP. Otherwise (e.g., a value of 0) the flow type field 1510 may indicate an announced TWT.
  • an implicit / last broadcast parameter set field 1508 value of 0 and a broadcast field 1406 value of 0 indicates a request for an explicit TWT.
  • the TWT flow identifier field 1512 may indicate a type of flow.
  • the TWT flow identifier field 1512 may identify an availability period for broadcast/multicast parameter sets.
  • dual TWT SP field 1410 is set (e.g., a value of 1)
  • the value of TWT flow identifier field is set to 7 (or another value) to indicate availability period for Group addressed TWT.
  • a TWT scheduling AP may include a nonzero value for the TWT wake interval in the TWT Wake Interval exponent field 1514 and TWT Wake Interval Mantissa field 1314 for a periodic TWT and a zero value for an aperiodic TWT.
  • the TWT protection field 1516 may indicate whether transmission opportunities (TXOPs) within the TWT SP shall be initiated with a network availability vector (NAV) protection mechanism.
  • TXOPs transmission opportunities
  • NAV network availability vector
  • FIG. 16 illustrates a method 1600 for a broadcast/multicast transmission synchronization at a TWT in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the method 1600 may begin at operation 1602 with encoding a PPDU comprising a TWT element, the TWT element indicating a broadcast/multicast TWT SP, the broadcast/multicast TWT SP for broadcast/multi-cast
  • HE AP 502 may encode GP ADDR TWT IND 818 or 832.
  • HE station 504.1 may encode TWTREQ 910.
  • HE AP 502 may encode TWTRES 914.
  • HE station 504.1 may encode TWTREQ 918.
  • HE AP 502 may encode TWTRES 922.
  • the method 1600 may continue at operation 1604 with configuring the HE AP to transmit the PPDU to the HE station.
  • an apparatus of HE AP 502 may configure the HE AP 502 to transmit GP ADDR TWT IND 818 or 832, or TWTRES 914, 922.
  • the method 1600 may continue at operation 1606 with in response to a time indicating a start of the broadcast/multicast TWT SP, encoding a broadcast/multicast transmission for the HE station and one or more additional HE stations, and configuring the HE AP to transmit the
  • HE AP 502 may encode BCAST 836, 840, and/or
  • HE AP 502 may configure the HE AP 502 to transmit the BCAST 836, 840, and/or 844.
  • HE AP 502 may encode BCAST 948 and/or 952, and an apparatus of HE AP 502 may configure the HE AP 502 to transmit the BCAST 948 and/or 952.
  • One or more of the operations of method 1600 may be optional.
  • One or more of the operations of method 1600 may be performed by an HE AP 502, an apparatus of an HE AP 502, a HE station 504, and/or an apparatus of a HE station 504.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates a method 1700 for a broadcast/multicast transmission synchronization at a TWT in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the method 1700 may begin at operation 1702 with decoding a PPDU from a HE AP, the PPDU comprising a TWT element, the TWT element indicating a broadcast/multicast TWT SP, the broadcast/multicast TWT SP for
  • HE station broadcast/multi-cast transmissions to a HE station.
  • HE station For example, HE station
  • 504.1 may decode GP ADDR TWT IND 818, which indicates TWT SP
  • HE station 504.2 may decode GP ADDR TWT IND 832, which indicates TWT SP Broadcast 854.
  • HE station 504.1 may decode TWTRES 914.
  • 504.2 may decode TWTRES 922.
  • the method 1700 may continue at operation 1704 with in response to a time indicating a start of the broadcast/multicast TWT SP, exiting a power save mode.
  • HE station 504.1 may switch PS mode 503.1 from doze to active at the start of TWT SP Broadcast 854.
  • HE station 504.2 may switch PS mode 503.2 from doze to active at the start of TWT SP Broadcast 854.
  • HE station 504.1 may switch PS mode 903.1 from doze to active at the start of TWT SP Broadcast 958.
  • HE station 504.2 may switch PS mode 903.2 from doze to active at the start of TWT SP Broadcast 958.
  • the method 1700 may continue at operation 1706 with decoding a broadcast/multicast transmission for the HE station and one or more additional HE stations.
  • HE station 504.1 may decode BCAST 836, 840, and/or 844.
  • HE station 504.2 may decode BCAST 836, 840, and/or 844.
  • HE station 504.1 may decode BCAST 948 and/or 952.
  • HE station 504.2 may decode BCAST 948 and/or 952.
  • One or more of the operations of method 1700 may be optional.
  • One or more of the operations of method 1700 may be performed by an HE AP 502, an apparatus of an HE AP 502, a HE station 504, and/or an apparatus of a HE station 504.
  • an HE AP 502 an apparatus of an HE AP 502, a HE station 504, and/or an apparatus of a HE station 504.
  • Example 1 is an apparatus of a high-efficiency (HE) access point (AP), the apparatus including: memory; and processing circuitry coupled to the memory, the processing circuity configured to: encode a physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) including a target wake time
  • PLCP physical Layer Convergence Procedure
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • TWT broadcast/multicast TWT service period
  • SP broadcast/multicast TWT service period
  • Example 2 the subject matter of Example 1 optionally includes where the broadcast/multicast transmission is a beacon frame.
  • Example 3 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • processing circuitry is further configured to: in response to a second time indicating a second start of an individual SP for the HE station, configure the HE AP to transmit the PPDU to the HE station.
  • Example 4 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-3 optionally include where the TWT element includes a control subfield, the control subfield including a group addressed transmission indication subfield, the group addressed transmission indication subfield indicating a TWT parameter set.
  • Example 5 the subject matter of Example 4 optionally includes where the TWT parameter set includes a request type subfield, the request type subfield including an implicit subfield and a TWT flow indicator subfield, where a value of the implicit subfield indicates an explicit TWT, and a value of the
  • Example 6 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • Example 7 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • processing circuitry is further configured to: refrain from transmitting unicast frames to the HE station during the
  • Example 8 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • the TWT element includes a control subfield, the control subfield including a dual TWT service field, the dual TWT service field is set to indicate the TWT element includes a first TWT parameter set for the broadcast/multicast TWT SP and a second TWT parameter set for an individual SP for the HE station, the individual SP for transmission of unicast frames.
  • Example 9 the subject matter of Example 8 optionally includes where the first TWT parameter set includes a request subfield, the request subfield including a TWT flow identifier, where the TWT flow identifier is set to indicate the broadcast/multicast TWT SP.
  • Example 10 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 8-9 optionally include where the processing circuitry is further configured to: refrain from transmitting broadcast/multicast frames during the individual SP for unicast frames.
  • Example 11 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 9-10 optionally include to indicate the broadcast/multicast TWT SP.
  • Example 12 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 9-11 optionally include where the processing circuitry is further configured to: in response to a second time indicating a second start of the individual SP for the HE station, encode a second PPDU for the HE station, where the second PPDU is a unicast frame to the HE station; and configure the HE AP to transmit the second PPDU to the HE station.
  • Example 13 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 1-12 optionally include where the HE AP, the HE station, and the one or more additional HE stations are each one from the following group: an Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.1 lax access point, an IEEE 802.1 lax station, an IEEE 802.11 station, an IEEE 802.11 access point, a IEEE 802.1 lax scheduling AP, and a IEEE 802.1 lax scheduled station.
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
  • Examples 1-13 optionally include transceiver circuitry coupled to the processing circuitry; and, one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver circuitry.
  • Example 15 is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by one or more processors of an apparatus of a high-efficiency (HE) access point (AP), the instructions to configure the one or more processors to: encode a physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) including a target wake time (TWT) element, the TWT element indicating a broadcast/multicast TWT service period (SP), the broadcast/multicast TWT SP for broadcast/multi-cast transmissions to a HE station; configure the HE AP to transmit the PPDU to the HE station; and in response to a time indicating a start of the broadcast/multicast TWT SP, encode a broadcast/multicast transmission for the HE station and one or more additional HE stations, and configure the HE AP to transmit the broadcast/multicast transmission.
  • PLCP physical Layer Convergence Procedure
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • TWT element target wake time
  • SP broadcast/multicast TWT service period
  • Example 16 the subject matter of Example 15 optionally includes where the instructions further configure the one or more processors to: configure the HE AP to transmit the PPDU to the HE station, in response to a second time indicating a second start of an individual SP for the HE station.
  • Example 17 is a method performed by an apparatus of a high- efficiency (HE) access point (AP), the method including: encoding a physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) including a target wake time (TWT) element, the TWT element indicating a
  • PLCP physical Layer Convergence Procedure
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • TWT target wake time
  • broadcast/multicast TWT service period SP
  • the broadcast/multicast TWT SP for broadcast/multi-cast transmissions to a HE station; configuring the HE AP to transmit the PPDU to the HE station; and in response to a time indicating a start of the broadcast/multicast TWT SP, encoding a broadcast/multicast transmission for the HE station and one or more additional HE stations, and configuring the HE AP to transmit the broadcast/multicast transmission.
  • Example 18 the subject matter of Example 17 optionally includes where the method further includes: configuring the HE AP to transmit the PPDU to the HE station, in response to a second time indicating a second start of an individual SP for the HE station.
  • Example 19 is an apparatus of a high-efficiency (HE) station, the apparatus including: memory; and processing circuitry coupled to the memory, the processing circuity configured to: decode a physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) from a HE access point (AP), the PPDU including a target wake time (TWT) element, the TWT element indicating a broadcast/multicast TWT service period (SP), the broadcast/multicast TWT SP for broadcast/multi-cast transmissions to a HE station; and in response to a time indicating a start of the broadcast/multicast TWT SP, exit a power save mode; and decode a broadcast/multicast transmission for the HE station and one or more additional HE stations.
  • PLCP physical Layer Convergence Procedure
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • AP HE access point
  • TWT target wake time
  • SP broadcast/multicast TWT service period
  • SP broadcast/multicast TWT SP for broadcast/multi-cast transmissions to
  • Example 20 the subject matter of Example 19 optionally includes where the processing circuitry is further configured to: in response to a second time indicating a second start of an individual SP for the HE station, exit a power save mode; and decode the PPDU from the HE AP.
  • Example 21 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 19-20 optionally include where the TWT element includes a control subfield, the control subfield including a dual TWT service field, the dual TWT service field is set to indicate the TWT element includes a first TWT parameter set for the broadcast/multicast TWT SP and a second TWT parameter set for an individual SP for the HE station, the individual SP for unicast frames.
  • the control subfield including a dual TWT service field
  • the dual TWT service field is set to indicate the TWT element includes a first TWT parameter set for the broadcast/multicast TWT SP and a second TWT parameter set for an individual SP for the HE station, the individual SP for unicast frames.
  • Example 22 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 19-21 optionally include where the processing circuitry is further configured to: in response to a second time indicating a second start of the individual SP for the HE station, exit a power save mode; decode a second PPDU from the HE AP, where the second PPDU includes a trigger frame; configure the HE station to respond to the trigger frame with a power save (PS) poll frame or quality of service (QoS) null frame; decode an acknowledge from the HE AP of the PS poll frame or the QoS null frame; and decode a downlink (DL) multiuser (MU) PPDU, the DL MU PPDU including data for the HE station.
  • PS power save
  • QoS quality of service
  • Example 23 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 19-22 optionally include where the processing circuitry is further configured to: refrain from exiting a power save mode at a target beacon transmit time (TBTT) to decode a beacon frame.
  • TBTT target beacon transmit time
  • Example 24 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 19-23 optionally include where the processing circuitry is further configured to: encode a second PPDU for the HE AP, the second PPDU including a second TWT element, the second TWT element including a control subfield, the control subfield including a dual TWT service field, where the dual second TWT service field is set to indicate the TWT element includes a third TWT parameter set for the broadcast/multicast TWT SP and a fourth TWT parameter set for an individual SP for the HE station; and configure the HE station to transmit the second PPDU to the HE AP.
  • Example 25 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 1-24 optionally include transceiver circuitry coupled to the processing circuitry; and, one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver circuitry.
  • Example 26 is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by one or more processors of an apparatus of a high-efficiency (HE) station, the instructions to configure the one or more processors to: decode a physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) from a HE access point (AP), the PPDU including a target wake time (TWT) element, the TWT element indicating a
  • PLCP physical Layer Convergence Procedure
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • AP HE access point
  • TWT target wake time
  • broadcast/multicast TWT service period SP
  • the broadcast/multicast TWT SP for broadcast/multi-cast transmissions to a HE station; and in response to a time indicating a start of the broadcast/multicast TWT SP, exit a power save mode; and decode a broadcast/multicast transmission for the HE station and one or more additional HE stations.
  • Example 27 the subject matter of Example 26 optionally includes where the instructions further configure the one or more processors to: in response to a second time indicating a second start of an individual SP for the HE station, exit a power save mode; and decode the PPDU from the HE AP.
  • Example 28 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 26-27 optionally include where the TWT element includes a control subfield, the control subfield including a dual TWT service field, the dual TWT service field is set to indicate the TWT element includes a first TWT parameter set for the broadcast/multicast TWT SP and a second TWT parameter set for an individual SP for the HE station, the individual SP for unicast frames.
  • the control subfield including a dual TWT service field
  • the dual TWT service field is set to indicate the TWT element includes a first TWT parameter set for the broadcast/multicast TWT SP and a second TWT parameter set for an individual SP for the HE station, the individual SP for unicast frames.
  • Example 29 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 26-28 optionally include where the instructions further configure the one or more processors to: in response to a second time indicating a second start of the individual SP for the HE station, exit a power save mode; decode a second PPDU from the HE AP, where the second PPDU includes a trigger frame; configure the HE station to respond to the trigger frame with a power save (PS) poll frame or quality of service (QoS) null frame; decode an acknowledge from the HE AP of the PS poll frame or the QoS null frame; and decode a downlink (DL) multiuser (MU) PPDU, the DL MU PPDU including data for the HE station.
  • PS power save
  • QoS quality of service
  • Example 30 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 26-29 optionally include where the instructions further configure the one or more processors to: refrain from exiting a power save mode at a target beacon transmit time (TBTT) to decode a beacon frame.
  • TBTT target beacon transmit time
  • Example 31 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 26-30 optionally include where the instructions further configure the one or more processors to: encode a second PPDU for the HE AP, the second PPDU including a second TWT element, the second TWT element including a control subfield, the control subfield including a dual TWT service field, where the dual second TWT service field is set to indicate the TWT element includes a third TWT parameter set for the broadcast/multicast TWT SP and a fourth TWT parameter set for an individual SP for the HE station; and configure the HE station to transmit the second PPDU to the HE AP.
  • Example 32 is a method performed by an apparatus of a high- efficiency (HE) station, the method including: decoding a physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) from a HE access point (AP), the PPDU including a target wake time (TWT) element, the TWT element indicating a broadcast/multicast TWT service period (SP), the broadcast/multicast TWT SP for broadcast/multi-cast transmissions to a HE station; and in response to a time indicating a start of the broadcast/multicast TWT SP, exiting a power save mode; and decoding a broadcast/multicast transmission for the HE station and one or more additional HE stations.
  • PLCP physical Layer Convergence Procedure
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • AP HE access point
  • TWT target wake time
  • SP broadcast/multicast TWT service period
  • Example 33 the subject matter of Example 32 optionally includes the method further including: in response to a second time indicating a second start of an individual SP for the HE station, exiting a power save mode; and decoding the PPDU from the HE AP.
  • Example 34 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 32-33 optionally include where the TWT element includes a control subfield, the control subfield including a dual TWT service field, the dual TWT service field is set to indicate the TWT element includes a first TWT parameter set for the broadcast/multicast TWT SP and a second TWT parameter set for an individual SP for the HE station, the individual SP for unicast frames.
  • Example 35 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 32-34 optionally include the method further including: in response to a second time indicating a second start of the individual SP for the HE station, exiting a power save mode; decoding a second PPDU from the HE AP, where the second PPDU includes a trigger frame; configuring the HE station to respond to the trigger frame with a power save (PS) poll frame or quality of service (QoS) null frame; decoding an acknowledge from the HE AP of the PS poll frame or the QoS null frame; and decoding a downlink (DL) multiuser (MU) PPDU, the DL MU PPDU including data for the HE station.
  • PS power save
  • QoS quality of service
  • Example 36 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 32-35 optionally include the method further including: refraining from exiting a power save mode at a target beacon transmit time (TBTT) to decode a beacon frame.
  • TBTT target beacon transmit time
  • Example 37 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 32-36 optionally include the method further including: encoding a second PPDU for the HE AP, the second PPDU including a second TWT element, the second TWT element including a control subfield, the control subfield including a dual TWT service field, where the dual second TWT service field is set to indicate the TWT element includes a third TWT parameter set for the broadcast/multicast TWT SP and a fourth TWT parameter set for an individual SP for the HE station; and configuring the HE station to transmit the second PPDU to the HE AP.
  • Example 38 is an apparatus of a high-efficiency (HE) station, the apparatus including: means for decoding a physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) from a HE access point (AP), the PPDU including a target wake time (TWT) element, the TWT element indicating a broadcast/multicast TWT service period (SP), the broadcast/multicast TWT SP for broadcast/multi-cast transmissions to a HE station; and in response to a time indicating a start of the broadcast/multicast TWT SP, means for exiting a power save mode; and means for decoding a broadcast/multicast transmission for the HE station and one or more additional HE stations.
  • PLCP physical Layer Convergence Procedure
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • AP HE access point
  • TWT target wake time
  • SP broadcast/multicast TWT service period
  • SP broadcast/multicast TWT SP for broadcast/multi-cast transmissions to a HE station
  • TWT target
  • Example 39 the subject matter of Example 38 optionally includes the apparatus further including: in response to a second time indicating a second start of an individual SP for the HE station, means for exiting a power save mode; and means for decoding the PPDU from the HE AP.
  • Example 40 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 38-39 optionally include where the TWT element includes a control subfield, the control subfield including a dual TWT service field, the dual TWT service field is set to indicate the TWT element includes a first TWT parameter set for the broadcast/multicast TWT SP and a second TWT parameter set for an individual SP for the HE station, the individual SP for unicast frames.
  • Example 41 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 38-40 optionally include the apparatus further including: in response to a second time indicating a second start of the individual SP for the HE station, exiting a power save mode; means for decoding a second PPDU from the HE
  • the second PPDU includes a trigger frame; means for configuring the HE station to respond to the trigger frame with a power save (PS) poll frame or quality of service (QoS) null frame; means for decoding an acknowledge from the HE AP of the PS poll frame or the QoS null frame; and means for decoding a downlink (DL) multiuser (MU) PPDU, the DL MU PPDU including data for the HE station.
  • PS power save
  • QoS quality of service
  • Example 42 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 38-41 optionally include the apparatus further including: means for refraining from exiting a power save mode at a target beacon transmit time (TBTT) to decode a beacon frame.
  • TBTT target beacon transmit time
  • Example 43 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 38-42 optionally include the apparatus further including: means for encoding a second PPDU for the HE AP, the second PPDU including a second TWT element, the second TWT element including a control subfield, the control subfield including a dual TWT service field, where the dual second TWT service field is set to indicate the TWT element includes a third TWT parameter set for the broadcast/multicast TWT SP and a fourth TWT parameter set for an individual SP for the HE station; and means for configuring the HE station to transmit the second PPDU to the HE AP.
  • Example 44 is an apparatus of a high-efficiency (HE) access point (AP), the apparatus including: means for encoding a physical Layer
  • Protocol Data Unit including a target wake time (TWT) element, the TWT element indicating a broadcast/multicast TWT service period (SP), the broadcast/multicast TWT SP for broadcast/multicast transmissions to a HE station; means for configuring the HE AP to transmit the PPDU to the HE station; and in response to a time indicating a start of the broadcast/multicast TWT SP, means for encoding a broadcast/multicast transmission for the HE station and one or more additional HE stations, and means for configuring the HE AP to transmit the broadcast/multicast transmission.
  • TWT target wake time
  • SP broadcast/multicast TWT service period
  • Example 45 the subject matter of Example 44 optionally includes where the broadcast/multicast transmission is a beacon frame.
  • Example 46 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 44-45 optionally include where the apparatus further includes: in response to a second time indicating a second start of an individual SP for the HE station, means for configuring the HE AP to transmit the PPDU to the HE station.
  • Example 47 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 44-46 optionally include where the TWT element includes a control subfield, the control subfield including a group addressed transmission indication subfield, the group addressed transmission indication subfield indicating a TWT parameter set.
  • the control subfield including a group addressed transmission indication subfield, the group addressed transmission indication subfield indicating a TWT parameter set.
  • Examples 44-47 optionally include where the TWT parameter set includes a request type subfield, the request type subfield including an implicit subfield and a TWT flow indicator subfield, where a value of the implicit subfield indicates an explicit TWT, and a value of the TWT flow indicator subfield indicates the TWT element is for the broadcast/multicast TWT SP.
  • Example 49 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 44-48 optionally include where the TWT element indicates a duration of the broadcast/multicast TWT SP.
  • Example 50 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 44-49 optionally include where the apparatus further includes: means for refraining from transmitting unicast frames to the HE station during the broadcast/multicast TWT SP.
  • Example 51 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 44-50 optionally include where the TWT element includes a control subfield, the control subfield including a dual TWT service field, the dual TWT service field is set to indicate the TWT element includes a first TWT parameter set for the broadcast/multicast TWT SP and a second TWT parameter set for an individual SP for the HE station, the individual SP for transmission of unicast frames.
  • the control subfield including a dual TWT service field
  • the dual TWT service field is set to indicate the TWT element includes a first TWT parameter set for the broadcast/multicast TWT SP and a second TWT parameter set for an individual SP for the HE station, the individual SP for transmission of unicast frames.
  • Example 52 the subject matter of Example 51 optionally includes where the first TWT parameter set includes a request subfield, the request subfield including a TWT flow identifier, where the TWT flow identifier is set to indicate the broadcast/multicast TWT SP.
  • Example 53 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 51-52 optionally include where the apparatus further includes: means for refraining from transmitting broadcast/multicast frames during the individual SP for unicast frames.
  • Example 54 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 52-53 optionally include to indicate the broadcast/multicast TWT SP.
  • Example 55 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 52-54 optionally include where the apparatus further includes: in response to a second time indicating a second start of the individual SP for the HE station, means for encoding a second PPDU for the HE station, where the second PPDU is a unicast frame to the HE station; and means for configuring the HE AP to transmit the second PPDU to the HE station.
  • Example 56 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 44-55 optionally include ax scheduled station.
  • Example 57 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 44-56 optionally include means for processing radio-frequency waves coupled to means for storing and retrieving PPDUs; and, means for transmitting and receiving radio-frequency waves coupled to the means for processing the radio-frequency waves.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des appareils, des procédés et des supports lisibles par ordinateur destinés à un suivi de phase pour un appareil pour une synchronisation de transmission de diffusion à une opération de temps de réveil cible (TWT). L'invention concerne un appareil comprenant un circuit de traitement, le circuit de traitement pouvant être configuré pour coder une unité de données de protocole (PPDU) de procédure de convergence de couche physique (PLCP) comprenant un élément de temps de réveil cible (TWT), l'élément TWT indiquant une période de service (SP) de TWT de diffusion/multidiffusion, le SP de TWT de diffusion/multidiffusion pour des transmissions de diffusion/multidiffusion vers une station HE. Les circuits de traitement peuvent en outre être configurés pour configurer l'AP HE pour transmettre la PPDU à la station HE, et en réponse à un temps indiquant un début du SP de TWT de diffusion/multidiffusion, coder une transmission de diffusion/multidiffusion pour la station HE et une ou plusieurs stations HE supplémentaires.
PCT/US2018/013510 2017-01-13 2018-01-12 Synchronisation de transmission de diffusion/multidiffusion à un temps de réveil cible WO2018132668A1 (fr)

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DE102019202725A1 (de) * 2019-02-28 2020-09-03 Diehl Metering Gmbh Signalisierung einer multicast-nachricht in nicht koordinierten netzen
CN114390664A (zh) * 2020-10-02 2022-04-22 慧与发展有限责任合伙企业 跨虚拟接入点的目标唤醒时间同步
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DE102019202725A1 (de) * 2019-02-28 2020-09-03 Diehl Metering Gmbh Signalisierung einer multicast-nachricht in nicht koordinierten netzen
US11457407B2 (en) 2019-08-21 2022-09-27 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development Lp Reliable multicast/broadcast transmission scheme
CN114390664A (zh) * 2020-10-02 2022-04-22 慧与发展有限责任合伙企业 跨虚拟接入点的目标唤醒时间同步
CN114390664B (zh) * 2020-10-02 2023-09-05 慧与发展有限责任合伙企业 用于协商目标唤醒时间协议的系统

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