WO2018160475A1 - Outil de fixation amovible de pellicule galvanique - Google Patents

Outil de fixation amovible de pellicule galvanique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018160475A1
WO2018160475A1 PCT/US2018/019628 US2018019628W WO2018160475A1 WO 2018160475 A1 WO2018160475 A1 WO 2018160475A1 US 2018019628 W US2018019628 W US 2018019628W WO 2018160475 A1 WO2018160475 A1 WO 2018160475A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metallic compression
base
screen
connection surfaces
attachment tool
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2018/019628
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Halbert P. Fischel
Original Assignee
Global Energy Science, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US15/446,276 external-priority patent/US10553368B2/en
Application filed by Global Energy Science, Llc filed Critical Global Energy Science, Llc
Priority to EP18761950.7A priority Critical patent/EP3589443A4/fr
Publication of WO2018160475A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018160475A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B23K1/0016—Brazing of electronic components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/02—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof using combined reduction-oxidation reactions, e.g. redox arrangement or solion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
    • H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
    • H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/043—Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
    • B23K2101/42—Printed circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0468—Compression means for stacks of electrodes and separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0481—Compression means other than compression means for stacks of electrodes and separators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present disclosure is directed to a tool for use in attaching a galvanic pellicle to an electrically conductive surface.
  • U.S. Patent No. 9,337,474 discloses a galvanic pellicle made of at least one of a cohesive mat of nonwoven single-walled carbon nanotubes; a cohesive mat of nonwoven multi-walled carbon nanotubes; a plurality of layers of multilayer graphene sheets; single- walled carbon nanotubes grown on woven carbon fiber; multi- walled carbon nanotubes grown on woven carbon fiber; and combinations thereof.
  • An electrode is formed by
  • any point within any uncompressed section of the galvanic pellicle is no more distant from a nearest connected area than about ten times an uncompressed thickness dimension or length of the galvanic pellicle.
  • the uncompressed thickness length of the galvanic pellicle may be between about 1 micrometer and about 1 millimeter. (For purposes herein the word "about” is to mean plus or minus ten percent . )
  • the electrode made of the described galvanic pellicle and electrically conductive surface achieve extraordinarily reduced resistance to electron movement between the pellicle and the electrically conductive surface by having the connected areas of the galvanic pellicle and the electrically conductive surface compressed together by a pressure exceeding about 6,894.00 Newtons per square centimeter.
  • connected areas of the galvanic pellicle compressed against the electrically conductive surface of the described electrode need to be as close as between about 20 micrometer (“ ⁇ ") and about 20 millimeters ("mm") apart.
  • many such connected areas must be formed between the galvanic pellicle and the electrically conductive surface.
  • a removable attachment tool for attaching a galvanic pellicle to an electrically conductive surface.
  • the removable attachment tool comprises a base having a contact surface and an opposed projection surface, wherein the base includes at least first and second woven, planar, rigid, metallic compression screens.
  • the first and second compression screens are secured to each other so that windows defined by the metallic compression screens are aligned to overlie each other, meaning the windows are in registry with each other.
  • Extending connection surfaces of the at least first metallic compression screen are secured to extending connection surfaces of the at least second metallic compression screen to form cross-over
  • a plurality of linear projections extends from the cross-over intersections in a direction perpendicular to and away from the projection surface of the base so that no projection contacts another projection.
  • all of the projections extend a same predetermined distance away from the projection surface of the base.
  • all of the projections extend away from the projection surface of the base so that all of the linear projections are equidistant from each other.
  • each linear projection includes an attachment end farthest from the base, and each attachment end includes one of a brazing filler material and a soldering filler material.
  • a shortest distance between adjacent linear projections is between about 20 ⁇ and about 20mm.
  • each linear projection is formed of a plurality of stacked, severed cross-over intersections.
  • the severed cross-over intersections are severed from a corresponding plurality of woven, planar, rigid, metallic compression screens secured to extending connection surfaces of the base and secured to extending connection surfaces of each adjacent compression screen.
  • the plurality of stacked, severed cross-over intersections are severed out of the plurality of compression screens so that only the plurality of stacked, severed cross-over intersections remain secured to the base .
  • metallic compression screen are sintered to extending connection surfaces of the at least second metallic compression screen.
  • This disclosure also includes a method of making the removable attachment tool for attaching a galvanic pellicle to an electrically conductive surface.
  • the method comprises forming a stack of at least three woven, planar, rigid, metallic compression screens and securing the screens to each other so that a first and an adjacent second metallic compression screen define a base of the attachment tool.
  • the base defines a contact surface adjacent a projection surface of the base.
  • the at least third metallic compression screen is aligned adjacent the projection surface of the base.
  • the method also includes positioning windows defined by the metallic compression screens to overlie each other and forming cross-over intersections of the metallic compression screens by securing extending connection surfaces of each metallic compression screen to extending connection surfaces of an adjacent metallic compression screen.
  • the method finally includes, then forming a plurality of projections extending from the cross-over intersections of the second metallic compression screen by severing out of the at least third metallic compression screen portions of the screen
  • the disclosure also includes sintering the extending connection surfaces of each metallic compression screen to extending connection surfaces of an adjacent metallic compression screen.
  • the disclosure also includes severing out of the at least third metallic compression screen portions of the screen extending between the cross-over intersections of the at least third metallic compression screen by making two orthogonal passes by micro-cutters in a NC mill.
  • Figure 1 is raised, perspective, fragmentary of a removable galvanic pellicle attachment tool.
  • Figure 2 is a top plan, fragmentary view of woven, planar, rigid, metallic compression screen.
  • Figure 3 is a raised, perspective, fragmentary view of a stack of woven, planar, rigid, metallic
  • compression screens showing each screen defining windows and showing the screens stacked so that the windows overlie each other, or are said to be stacked in window registry.
  • Figure 4 is a fragmentary cross-sectional side view of an electrode made of a galvanic pellicle having uncompressed sections and also having compressed sections secured to a conductive surface at two connected areas.
  • a removable attachment tool for attaching a galvanic pellicle to an electrically conductive surface is shown in side perspective view and is generally designated by the reference numeral 10.
  • the removable attachment tool 10 includes a base 12 shown in Figure 1 resting upon a support surface 14.
  • the base 12 has a contact surface 16 made of a first woven, planar, rigid, metallic compression screen 16.
  • a projection surface 18 of the base 12 that is opposed to the contact surface 16 of the base 12, is made of a second woven, planar, rigid, metallic compression screen 18.
  • the contact surface 16 rests upon the support surface 14 and forms a bottom of the attachment tool 10.
  • Figure 2 shows a top view a single, non-stacked, woven, planar, rigid metallic compression screen 20 in isolation for purposes of clearly showing that the woven screens 16, 18 and 20 have non- planar exterior surfaces.
  • the first and second compression screens 16, 18 are secured to each other so that windows 22 defined by the woven compression screens 16, 18 are aligned to overlie each other. (Describing the windows 22 as being “aligned to overlie each other" is synonymous with saying the
  • the screens 16, 18 are secured to each other by having extending connection surfaces 24 of the first metallic, woven compression screen 16 secured to extending connection surfaces 26 of the second metallic compression screen 18. Securing the adjacent extending connection surfaces 24, 26 also forms cross-over intersections 28.
  • a plurality of linear projections 30 extends from the cross-over intersections 28 in a direction perpendicular to and away from the
  • Figure 1 also shows that all of the projections 30 may extend a same
  • each linear projection 30 includes an attachment end 34 farthest from the base 12.
  • Each attachment end 34 may include one of a brazing filler material and a soldering filler material 36.
  • Figure 2 shows a top plan view of a woven, planar, rigid, metallic compression screen 20 that also defines a plurality of windows 38 defined by intersecting strands 40 of the compression screen 20.
  • Figure 2 also shows that, because the screen 20 is woven, certain sections of the strands 40 necessarily form
  • connection surfaces 24 wherein one strand 40 passes over another strand 40 of the screen.
  • screens such as the contact surface screen 16 and the projection surface screen 18 are stacked in window registry, as shown in Figure 1, the extending connection surfaces 24, 26 of the respective, adjacent screens 16, 18 contact each other, while other portions of the strands of the screens 16, 18 do not contact each other.
  • the contacting extending connection surfaces 24, 26 are secured to each other.
  • the contacting extending connection surfaces 24, 26 may be secured by any securing means for keeping the screens 16, 18 in unmoving contact with each other, such as by adhesives, mechanical securing apparatus, brazing, soldering, any known bonding, or by heating of the
  • FIG. 3 shows a stack 44 of woven, planar, rigid, metallic compression screens 46 stacked in window registry so that widows 47 defined by the screens overlie each other. Interconnecting portions 48 of the screens 46 extend between cross-over intersections 49 of the screens 46.
  • Figure 4 shows a fragmentary, cross-sectional side view of an electrode 50 made of a galvanic pellicle 52 that is secured to an electrically conductive surface 54 by a plurality of connected areas 56.
  • Figure 4 also shows a length dimension 58 of an uncompressed portion 60 of the galvanic pellicle 52.
  • the length dimension 58 of the uncompressed portion 60 of the galvanic pellicle may be between about
  • a shortest distance between adjacent linear projections 30 is between about
  • each linear projection 30 is formed of a plurality of stacked, severed cross-over intersections 28.
  • the severed cross-over intersections 28 are severed from a corresponding plurality of woven, planar, rigid, metallic compression screens
  • FIG. 3 shown as a stack 44 of screens in Figure 3 that are secured to extending connection surfaces (shown at 24, 26 in Figure 1) of the base 12 and secured to extending connection 24, 26 surfaces of each adjacent compression screen 18.
  • the plurality of stacked, severed cross-over intersections 28 are severed out of the plurality of stacked compression screens 44 (of Figure 3) so that only the plurality of stacked, severed cross-over intersection projections 30 (of Figure 1) remain secured to the base 12.
  • This disclosure also includes a method of making the removable attachment tool 10 for attaching a galvanic pellicle 52 to an electrically conductive surface 54.
  • the method comprises forming a stack 44 of at least three woven, planar, rigid, metallic compression screens 46 and securing the screens 46 to each other so that a first 16 ( Figure 1) and an adjacent second metallic compression screen 18 define a base 12 of the attachment tool 10.
  • the base 12 defines a contact surface screen 16 adjacent a projection surface screen 18 of the base 12.
  • the at least third metallic compression screen (shown in Figure 3 at 46) is aligned adjacent the projection surface screen 18 of the base 12.
  • the method also includes positioning windows 22 defined by the metallic compression screens 16, 18 to overlie each other 22 and forming cross-over intersections 28 of the metallic compression screens 16, 18 by securing extending connection surfaces 24 of a metallic compression screen 16 to the extending connection surfaces 26 of an adjacent metallic compression screen 18.
  • the method finally includes, next forming a plurality of projections 30 extending from the cross-over intersections 28 of the second metallic compression screen 18 or projection surface screen 18 by severing out of the at least third metallic compression screen 46 (of Figure 3) interconnecting
  • the disclosure also includes severing out the interconnecting portions 48 of the screen that extend between the cross-over intersections 49 by making two orthogonal passes by micro-cutters in a NC mill (not shown) .
  • the described woven, planar, rigid, metallic screens 16, 18, 20, 46 may be made of stainless steel, inconel, hard tool steel, copper, aluminum, alloys and the like.
  • An exemplary use of the galvanic pellicle 52 removable attachment tool 10 includes forcing the tool 10 upon an uncompressed galvanic pellicle 52 so that the projections 30 compress and bond connected areas 56 of the pellicle to and/or into the conductive surface 54, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the projections 30 may include a brazing or soldering filler material 56 at attachment ends 34 of the projections 30. When compressed into the pellicle 52, the projections 30, or their attachment ends 34, may be heated to melt the brazing or soldering filler material 56 to then form the connected areas 56 with compressed portions of the galvanic pellicle 52 bonded within the filler material 56 to become integral with the connected areas 56.
  • the electrically conductive surface 54 may be coated or "tinned" with a heat-sensitive bonding
  • the projections 30 of the tool 10 may be forced into the galvanic pellicle 52 to compress the pellicle 52.
  • the projections 30, by heating or pressure alone, may melt the bonding material on the conductive surface 54 to bond the compressed galvanic pellicle 52 to become integral with the connected area 56.
  • galvanic pellicle removable attachment tool 10 There has been provided a galvanic pellicle removable attachment tool 10. While the galvanic pellicle removable attachment tool 10 has been described in the context of specific described and illustrated embodiments thereof, other unforeseen alternatives, modifications, and variations may become apparent to those skilled in the art having read the foregoing description. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace those alternatives, modifications, and variations which fall within the broad scope of the galvanic pellicle removable attachment tool 10.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un outil (10) comprenant une base (12) constituée d'écrans de contact et de saillie tissés, métalliques, à compression (16, 18) fixés l'un à l'autre. Une pluralité de saillies linéaires (30) s'étendent à l'opposé de la base (12). La distance la plus courte entre les saillies linéaires adjacentes (30) peut se situer entre environ 20 μm et environ 20 mm. L'outil (10) est forcé sur une pellicule galvanique non comprimée (52) de telle sorte que les saillies (30) compriment et lient des zones connectées (56) de la pellicule (52) à une surface conductrice (54) pour former une électrode (50).
PCT/US2018/019628 2017-03-01 2018-02-26 Outil de fixation amovible de pellicule galvanique WO2018160475A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18761950.7A EP3589443A4 (fr) 2017-03-01 2018-02-26 Outil de fixation amovible de pellicule galvanique

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/446,276 US10553368B2 (en) 2014-12-03 2017-03-01 Galvanic pellicle removable attachment tool
US15/446,276 2017-03-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018160475A1 true WO2018160475A1 (fr) 2018-09-07

Family

ID=63371314

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2018/019628 WO2018160475A1 (fr) 2017-03-01 2018-02-26 Outil de fixation amovible de pellicule galvanique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3589443A4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018160475A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060134500A1 (en) * 2003-07-01 2006-06-22 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Fuel cell comprising current collectors integrated in the electrode/membrane/electrode stack
US20070048594A1 (en) * 2005-08-23 2007-03-01 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd Membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell
US20120189875A1 (en) * 2009-06-26 2012-07-26 Global Energy Science, Llc Galvanic electrochemical cells for generating alternating current electricty
US9337474B1 (en) 2010-05-20 2016-05-10 Halbert P. Fischel Electrodes for electrochemical cells
US20160254514A1 (en) * 2011-07-11 2016-09-01 California Institute Of Technology Electrochemical systems with electronically conductive layers

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020180094A1 (en) * 2001-06-01 2002-12-05 Gough Jeffrey John Hydrophobic fuel cell component
TWI241732B (en) * 2002-09-25 2005-10-11 E I Du Pont Canada Company Mesh reinforced fuel cell separator plate
SG178580A1 (en) * 2009-09-03 2012-03-29 Molecular Nanosystems Inc Methods and systems for making electrodes having at least one functional gradient therein and devices resulting therefrom
JP6565000B2 (ja) * 2014-01-15 2019-08-28 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 電気化学デバイスの製造方法
US10269504B2 (en) * 2014-07-10 2019-04-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Supercapacitor having holes formed in carbonaceous electrodes for increasing the frequency of operation

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060134500A1 (en) * 2003-07-01 2006-06-22 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Fuel cell comprising current collectors integrated in the electrode/membrane/electrode stack
US20070048594A1 (en) * 2005-08-23 2007-03-01 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd Membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell
US20120189875A1 (en) * 2009-06-26 2012-07-26 Global Energy Science, Llc Galvanic electrochemical cells for generating alternating current electricty
US9337474B1 (en) 2010-05-20 2016-05-10 Halbert P. Fischel Electrodes for electrochemical cells
US20160240326A1 (en) * 2010-05-20 2016-08-18 Halbert P Fischel Electrodes for electrochemical cells
US20160254514A1 (en) * 2011-07-11 2016-09-01 California Institute Of Technology Electrochemical systems with electronically conductive layers

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See also references of EP3589443A4 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3589443A4 (fr) 2021-01-20
EP3589443A1 (fr) 2020-01-08

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