WO2018158351A1 - Semelle intérieure - Google Patents

Semelle intérieure Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018158351A1
WO2018158351A1 PCT/EP2018/054993 EP2018054993W WO2018158351A1 WO 2018158351 A1 WO2018158351 A1 WO 2018158351A1 EP 2018054993 W EP2018054993 W EP 2018054993W WO 2018158351 A1 WO2018158351 A1 WO 2018158351A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fibers
absorbent
insole
nonwoven fabric
absorbent fibers
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/054993
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Arnold Thomas
Birger Lange
Rudolf Wagner
Frank Martine
Original Assignee
Carl Freudenberg Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carl Freudenberg Kg filed Critical Carl Freudenberg Kg
Publication of WO2018158351A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018158351A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B17/00—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined
    • A43B17/10—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined specially adapted for sweaty feet; waterproof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/541—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
    • D04H1/5412—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres sheath-core
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B17/00—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined
    • A43B17/003—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined characterised by the material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B17/00—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined
    • A43B17/003—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined characterised by the material
    • A43B17/006—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined characterised by the material multilayered
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D04H1/485—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with weld-bonding
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/541—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
    • D04H1/5418—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an insole for shoes and their use for moisture regulation in the shoe. Furthermore, a manufacturing method suitable for this purpose is specified.
  • a generic insole is known from DE 30 12 1 14 A1. Therein, the task to be solved to create an insole that is very moisture absorbent and still has a high pressure stability.
  • Base material of the insole is a needle felt, which consists of a
  • the insole made in this way nevertheless has a high strength and is soft and absorbent.
  • This prior art insole has no supporting function for the foot. Furthermore, it is susceptible to wrinkling and
  • the foot-side nonwoven fabric is thin and abrasion resistant
  • the thicker staple base nonwoven fabric constituting the insole base material having a composition of 50 to 60% by weight of core / shell polyester / copolyester fibers
  • the insole described has a very good supporting function and is very stable during use.
  • the viscose fiber used as the moisture absorbent fiber also has satisfactory functionality, but is limited in its moisture absorption. This may not be sufficient for extreme requirements in terms of moisture absorption, for example in the case of very high moisture content.
  • the object of the present invention was therefore, from the
  • an insole for shoes comprising a needle-punched nonwoven fabric comprising absorbent fibers and non-absorbent fibers, wherein the non-absorbent fibers are framework fibers and binder fibers comprise, wherein the absorbent fibers at least a proportion of
  • an insole can be made, which has a high stability and a high and fast moisture absorption at the same time very fast
  • Another advantage of the insole according to the invention is their high
  • Superabsorbent polymers are plastics that are capable of many times their own weight - up to 1,000 times
  • superabsorbent polymers are preferably a copolymer of acrylic acid and sodium acrylate, and the ratio of the two monomers may vary.
  • a so-called core crosslinker may be added to the monomer solution.
  • This product is the base polymer.
  • superabsorber is to be understood as meaning the copolymer of acrylic acid and sodium acrylate and polymers derived therefrom. Superabsorbent polymers are capable of absorbing and temporarily binding large amounts of sweat. The usage of
  • superabsorbent polymers in fiber form has several advantages over particulate superabsorbent polymers. So they are able to direct liquid flows, which allows a targeted discharge of the liquid to be removed. Another advantage is that due to a "wicking effect" fibers on contact with liquid absorb and bind them much faster than particulate substances.
  • Superabsorbent fibers are z. B. by the company Technical Absorbents Ltd. offered and sold under the brand name Oasis. Like all superabsorbent polymers, they have a very high absorption capacity for aqueous liquids.
  • Needle nonwoven fabric is preferably from 1 wt% to 40 wt%, more preferably 5 wt% to 30 wt%, and more preferably from 5 wt% to 20 wt%.
  • the proportion of absorbent fibers in the needled nonwoven is from 10 to 50% by weight, more preferably from 20 to 50% by weight, and most preferably from 30 to 50% by weight.
  • Total weight of the needled nonwoven from 10% to 90% by weight, still more preferably from 20% to 60% and more preferably from 30% to 50% by weight.
  • the proportion of framework fibers in the total weight of the needled nonwoven fabric is preferably from 20% to 80%, more preferably from 25% to 50% and more preferably from 30% to 50% by weight. %.
  • Fibers are understood according to the invention as fibers
  • the absorbent fibers have a water absorption capacity (demineralized
  • non-absorbent fibers have a
  • the absorbent fibers preferably contain, in addition to the superabsorbent fibers, other absorbent fibers, preferably viscose fibers, natural fibers, for example hemp, kenaf, cellulose, lyocell, wool or cotton.
  • the insole according to the invention has binding fibers. These are fibers which are thermally activatable and preferably have a melting point of at least one fiber component of less than 175 ° C, for example from 90 ° C to 175 ° C.
  • An advantage of the use of binding fibers is that they give the insole a very good thermal deformability.
  • the binder fibers comprise polyester fibers, in particular polyester / copolyester core / sheath fibers.
  • the binder fibers comprise core / sheath type fibers. This is advantageous in a high dimensional stability and rigidity in the dry and wet / wet state.
  • the core preferably comprises polyethylene terephthalate and the sheath preferably
  • Copolyester The specified core / sheath fibers are commercially available.
  • the copolyester of the sheath component is usually formed from
  • Terephthalic acid isophthalic acid or adipic acid
  • diol components such as, for example, polyethylene glycol, butylene glycol or hexamethylene glycol.
  • the melting range of the copolyester-shell component is preferably from 1 10 to 140 ° C and the polyethylene terephthalate core component of 255 to 260 ° C.
  • polyolefin fibers are used as binder fibers, in particular polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE).
  • the binder fibers comprise shrunken fibers, preferably shrunken polyester fibers,
  • the aforesaid core / sheath fibers in shrunken form and high shrinkage monofilament fibers of amorphous polyester in particular, the aforesaid core / sheath fibers in shrunken form and high shrinkage monofilament fibers of amorphous polyester.
  • the proportion of binder fibers in the needle-punched nonwoven fabric is 20 to 70% by weight, more preferably 20 to 60% by weight and in particular 30 to 50% by weight.
  • the needled nonwoven further contains framework fibers as non-absorbent fibers.
  • Framework fibers advantageously have a melting peak of more than 180 ° C.
  • Particularly preferred framework fibers are polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, aramid fibers, polyacrylonitrile (PAN fibers), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN fibers), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS fibers).
  • PAN fibers polyacrylonitrile
  • PEN fibers polyethylene naphthalate
  • PPS fibers polyphenylene sulfide
  • the absorbent and non-absorbent fibers may independently of each other have a length of 2 to 100 mm in the needled nonwoven fabric.
  • They are preferably used with a length of 30 to 90 mm, particularly preferably 35 to 80 mm, more preferably with a length of 38 to 70 mm and most preferably with a length of 38 to 60 mm.
  • the absorbent and nonabsorbent fibers may independently have a titer of from 0.9 detx to 500 detx, more preferably they are used at a titer of from 0.9 to 80 dtex, more preferably from 1.5 to 70 mm, more particularly preferably with a titer of 1.7 to 1 dtex.
  • the needle punched nonwoven preferably has a basis weight of 150 to 1200 g / m 2 , more preferably 250 to 1200 g / m 2 , especially 400 to 1200 g / m 2 , measured according to DIN 9073-1.
  • the thickness of the needle-punched nonwoven fabric is preferably 1.5 to 10 mm, more preferably 2.5 to 9 mm, in particular 2.5 to 6 mm, in each case measured according to DIN 9073-2.
  • the needle-punched nonwoven fabric has no binder, in particular no acrylate, latex, polyurethane.
  • binder small amounts of binder, i. less than 8% by weight, based on the total weight of the needled nonwoven fabric.
  • needled nonwoven is to be understood in the conventional sense.
  • a needle-punched nonwoven fabric is a needle-punched non-woven fabric, which mechanically means Needling was solidified.
  • the puncture density is preferably 200 to 350 punctures per cm 2 , more preferably 250 to 300 punctures per cm 2 .
  • the needled nonwoven is bactericidal and / or fungicidal equipped by an impregnation at least on the side later facing the foot ß.
  • the later facing the foot side of the insole has a cover layer in a preferred embodiment. This one can
  • Nonwoven fabric for example, a coagulated microfiber nonwoven fabric, a thermally bonded nonwoven fabric, a binder-bonded nonwoven fabric, a knitted fabric, fabric, such as a microfiber fabric, knits, and / or a foam.
  • a thermally bonded nonwoven fabric is preferably used for the cover layer. This is advantageous in that it can be dispensed with binders, so that the ability to absorb moisture and
  • the thickness of the cover layer according to ISO 9073-2 is preferably 0.1 to 2.5 mm.
  • cover layer is a nonwoven fabric which is resistant to abrasion in accordance with DIN EN ISO 12947-1.
  • abrasion resistant applies a needle-punched nonwoven fabric for sole cover according to the above-mentioned DIN, if it survives> 25600 tours dry and> 12800 tours wet without damage.
  • cover layer preferably, a polyester and / or polyamide knitted fabric is used for the cover layer.
  • the cover layer is arranged on the side of the needle nonwoven fabric which later faces the foot.
  • the thickness of the cover layer is preferably 0.5 to 9.0 mm according to ISO 9073-2.
  • the insole may also have other layers.
  • a foam is used as a further layer, as he the
  • the foam is preferably used as an intermediate between
  • the foam is preferably a viscoelastic latex foam, a combination of viscoelastic
  • Latex foam and latex foam a polyurethane foam, a
  • needled nonwoven fabric and cover layer are bonded together with an adhesive.
  • the foam layer can also be treated with an adhesive with the needled nonwoven and / or the
  • the foam layer can be coated directly onto the needled nonwoven fabric.
  • Another object of the invention is the use of the insole for moisture and / or climate control in the shoe.
  • a further subject of the invention is a process for producing an insole according to the invention, comprising the steps of: providing a fiber mixture comprising absorbent fibers and non-absorbent fibers, wherein the non-absorbent fibers comprise framework fibers and binder fibers and wherein the absorbent fibers comprise at least a portion have superabsorbent and fibrous polymers;
  • forming a composite layer with other layers in particular at least one cover layer and optionally at least one foam layer;
  • the layer composite can be formed by lamination. This includes the stacking of the desired layers and subsequent bonding.
  • the foam layer can also be brushed directly onto the needled nonwoven and cured.
  • the needling is preferably carried out from above and below.
  • Another optional process step comprises an impregnation process for bactericidal and / or fungicidal equipment.
  • a fiber blend comprising absorbent fibers and non-absorbent fibers.
  • the non-absorbent fibers include polyester fibers as framework fibers and polyester / CoPolyester core / sheath fibers as binder fibers.
  • the absorbent fibers comprise superabsorbent fibers consisting of copolymers of acrylic acid and sodium acrylate.
  • Adhesive is formed. This would impair the function of moisture absorption.
  • this composite is by means of a

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une semelle intérieure pour chaussure comprenant un matériau non-tissé aiguilleté qui contient des fibres absorbantes et des fibres non absorbantes, les fibres non absorbantes comprenant des fibres structurales et des fibres de liaison, les fibres absorbantes présentant au moins une proportion de polymères superabsorbants et lesdits polymères superabsorbants se trouvant sous forme de fibres et/ou de fils.
PCT/EP2018/054993 2017-03-02 2018-03-01 Semelle intérieure WO2018158351A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017001928.2A DE102017001928A1 (de) 2017-03-02 2017-03-02 Einlegesohle
DE102017001928.2 2017-03-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018158351A1 true WO2018158351A1 (fr) 2018-09-07

Family

ID=62148297

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2018/054993 WO2018158351A1 (fr) 2017-03-02 2018-03-01 Semelle intérieure

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102017001928A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018158351A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021247797A1 (fr) * 2020-06-03 2021-12-09 O2 Partners, Llc Semelles intérieures de chaussure à base de fibres et leurs procédés de fabrication

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022112586A1 (de) * 2022-05-19 2022-07-14 Carl Freudenberg Kg Wundauflage

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3012114A1 (de) 1980-01-28 1981-07-30 Beyeler Home Versand, Adligenswil Einlegesohle fuer schuhe
DE19525858C1 (de) 1995-07-15 1996-11-14 Freudenberg Carl Fa Einlegesohle für Schuhe und Verfahren zur Herstellung
WO2000004936A2 (fr) * 1998-07-22 2000-02-03 Millennium Ground Control, Inc. Textile a fibres super-absorbantes
EP2199447A1 (fr) * 2008-12-19 2010-06-23 Michael C. Dehn Feutre polymère super-absorbant et son procédé de fabrication
WO2011054784A1 (fr) * 2009-11-06 2011-05-12 Basf Se Textiles contenant des superabsorbants améliorés
WO2013053410A1 (fr) * 2011-10-13 2013-04-18 Carl Freudenberg Kg Non-tissé à pouvoir gonflant élevé
WO2016030808A1 (fr) * 2014-08-27 2016-03-03 Pranem S.R.L. Matériau thermo-isolant multicouche pour article chaussant et son procédé de production

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60212101A (ja) 1984-04-05 1985-10-24 株式会社クラレ 靴部材およびその製造法
GB9815926D0 (en) 1998-07-23 1998-09-23 Texon Uk Ltd Latex coagulation in a thick fabric

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3012114A1 (de) 1980-01-28 1981-07-30 Beyeler Home Versand, Adligenswil Einlegesohle fuer schuhe
DE19525858C1 (de) 1995-07-15 1996-11-14 Freudenberg Carl Fa Einlegesohle für Schuhe und Verfahren zur Herstellung
WO2000004936A2 (fr) * 1998-07-22 2000-02-03 Millennium Ground Control, Inc. Textile a fibres super-absorbantes
EP2199447A1 (fr) * 2008-12-19 2010-06-23 Michael C. Dehn Feutre polymère super-absorbant et son procédé de fabrication
WO2011054784A1 (fr) * 2009-11-06 2011-05-12 Basf Se Textiles contenant des superabsorbants améliorés
WO2013053410A1 (fr) * 2011-10-13 2013-04-18 Carl Freudenberg Kg Non-tissé à pouvoir gonflant élevé
WO2016030808A1 (fr) * 2014-08-27 2016-03-03 Pranem S.R.L. Matériau thermo-isolant multicouche pour article chaussant et son procédé de production

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021247797A1 (fr) * 2020-06-03 2021-12-09 O2 Partners, Llc Semelles intérieures de chaussure à base de fibres et leurs procédés de fabrication
CN115667611A (zh) * 2020-06-03 2023-01-31 O2伙伴有限责任公司 纤维基鞋内底及其制造方法

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