WO2018157592A1 - 机械臂运动路径生成方法和系统 - Google Patents

机械臂运动路径生成方法和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018157592A1
WO2018157592A1 PCT/CN2017/103590 CN2017103590W WO2018157592A1 WO 2018157592 A1 WO2018157592 A1 WO 2018157592A1 CN 2017103590 W CN2017103590 W CN 2017103590W WO 2018157592 A1 WO2018157592 A1 WO 2018157592A1
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Prior art keywords
arm
robot arm
intermediate point
motion path
point position
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PCT/CN2017/103590
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English (en)
French (fr)
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郭志强
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广州视源电子科技股份有限公司
广州镭晨智能科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2018157592A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018157592A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/16Programme controls
    • B25J9/1656Programme controls characterised by programming, planning systems for manipulators
    • B25J9/1664Programme controls characterised by programming, planning systems for manipulators characterised by motion, path, trajectory planning
    • B25J9/1666Avoiding collision or forbidden zones

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of automation control technologies, and in particular, to a method and system for generating a mechanical arm motion path.
  • the traditional robot arm path planning method mainly uses the artificial teaching intermediate point method, as shown in Figure 2 below, that is, in the robot motion track, the intermediate points of the robot arm running points T1, T2, T3, etc. are manually taught to start from the starting point. A avoids obstacles during the process of reaching the end point B. In this way, the intermediate points of each track need to be taught manually, and each intermediate point is re-teached after the mechanical arm is replaced, and the path generation efficiency is low.
  • a method for generating a mechanical arm motion path includes the following steps:
  • the motion path of the robot arm is generated according to the start position, the first intermediate point position, the second intermediate point position, and the target position.
  • a robot arm motion path generation system includes:
  • a first calculation module configured to acquire a distribution position of an obstacle around the robot arm, calculate a safety radius of the movement of the robot arm according to the distribution position, and calculate an actual work of the mechanical arm according to the safety radius and a size of a tool claw of the mechanical arm radius;
  • a second calculating module configured to calculate a first intermediate point position of the movement of the robot arm according to the starting position of the tool claw and the actual working radius, and calculate the mechanical arm according to the target position of the tool claw and the actual working radius The second intermediate point position of the motion;
  • a first generating module configured to generate a machine according to the starting position, the first intermediate point position, the second intermediate point position, and the target position if a target position of the tool claw is within a range of motion of the current posture of the robot arm The path of movement of the arm.
  • the above-described robot arm motion path generation method and system calculating a safety radius of the arm movement according to the distribution position of the obstacle, and calculating an actual working radius of the arm according to the safety radius and the size of the tool claw of the robot arm, according to the tool claw a starting position and the actual working radius to calculate a first intermediate point position of the arm movement, calculating a second intermediate point position of the arm movement according to the target position of the tool claw and the actual working radius, and automatically generating the machine
  • the movement path of the arm when the obstacle distribution changes, simply input the changed position of the obstacle to automatically generate a new robot arm motion path, without manual teaching the intermediate points of each track, and the planning efficiency is high.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the distribution of a robot arm and an obstacle according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an intermediate point of an artificial teaching motion path of an embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for generating a motion path of a robot arm according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a safety radius and an actual working radius of an embodiment
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of an intermediate point and a hand change area of an embodiment
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the movement path of the robot arm of the first embodiment
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the movement path of the robot arm of the second embodiment
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a robot arm motion path generating system of an embodiment.
  • the present invention provides a method for generating a motion path of a robot arm, which may include the following steps:
  • S1 acquiring a distribution position of an obstacle around the robot arm, calculating a safety radius of the movement of the robot arm according to the distribution position, and calculating an actual working radius of the mechanical arm according to the safety radius and a size of the tool claw of the mechanical arm;
  • a coordinate system of the robot arm and obstacle distribution may be established, preferably the coordinate system is a three-dimensional coordinate system.
  • the three-dimensional coordinate system may set the center point of the robot arm base as the origin, and set two mutually perpendicular directions on the horizontal plane as the x-axis and the y-axis, and the vertical direction as the z-axis.
  • the distribution position of the obstacle may be expressed in the form of coordinates.
  • a coordinate set may be established, and the coordinate set may include a plurality of coordinate values, and each coordinate value represents an obstacle.
  • the positional distribution which can be expressed in the form of (x, y, z). In order to distinguish each obstacle, it is also possible to number each obstacle and bind the coordinate value of the obstacle to the corresponding number.
  • the safety radius and the actual working radius are as shown in FIG.
  • R max and R min represent the maximum and minimum values of the safety radius, respectively
  • WR max and WR min represent the maximum and minimum values of the actual working radius, respectively
  • a and B represent the starting position and the target position, respectively.
  • the maximum value of the safety radius may be calculated according to the obstacle distribution, and the distance between the obstacle around the arm and the center point of the base of the robot arm may be obtained according to the distribution position of the obstacle, and the machine is calculated according to the minimum value of the distance.
  • the safe radius of the arm movement In one embodiment, the minimum value r min of the distance may be set to the maximum value of the safety radius, and in another embodiment, a value less than r min may be set as the maximum of the safety radius.
  • the minimum value of the safety radius can be calculated based on the size of the base of the robot arm.
  • the maximum value r max of the distance between each point of the robot arm base and the center point of the robot arm base may be set to a minimum value of the safety radius, and in another embodiment, one may be greater than
  • the value of r max is set to the minimum value of the safety radius. Since the tool jaws of the robot arm are sized, the actual working radius of the robot arm can be calculated as follows:
  • d is the size of the tool jaw of the robot arm.
  • a first intersection of the circular area corresponding to the actual working radius of the first straight line may be acquired; wherein the first straight line is a straight line connecting the starting position with a center point of the base of the robot arm; a position at which one of the first intersection points is set as the intermediate point position.
  • the first intersection point may be an intersection of a circle of the first straight line corresponding to the actual working radius, as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • A' is the intersection, that is, the intermediate point.
  • a second intersection of the circular area corresponding to the actual working radius of the second straight line may be acquired; wherein the second straight line is the target position and the mechanical arm
  • the line connecting the center points of the base; the position where one of the second intersections is located is the intermediate point position.
  • the second intersection may be an intersection of a circle of the second line corresponding to the actual working radius, as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • B' is the intersection, that is, the intermediate point.
  • the mechanical arm if the mechanical arm maintains the current posture, it may not be able to move to the target position, and in this case, the movement of the mechanical arm from the starting position to the target position is required.
  • Replace the left and right hand postures When the arm is replaced with the left and right hand postures, the entire arm needs to be fully extended, and the space required is the largest. If the hand is not handled properly, the machine will collide. Therefore, in addition to the first intermediate point position and the second intermediate point position, it may be necessary to set the handoff point position in the motion path of the robot arm.
  • the hand-over point position may be set in the hand-handling area, that is, the area between the obstacle and the center point of the robot arm base is greater than the maximum length of the robot arm. That is, if the target position of the tool claw is not within the range of motion of the current posture of the robot arm, at least one point may be selected as a hand change point in the hand change area to obtain a hand change point position; wherein the hand change area is The distance between the obstacle and the center point of the base of the robot arm is greater than the distance of the robot arm The area of maximum length. The maximum length is the length when the robot arm is fully extended.
  • the hand change area is shown in Figure 5. C1 and C2 in the figure are handoff points. In actual situations, the number of hand change points can also be 1 or other numbers.
  • the mechanical parameter of the robot arm can be read, and the region where the current posture of the arm can be reached is calculated according to the mechanical parameter, and if the target position is not in the region, It is determined that the right and left hand gestures need to be switched.
  • the target position of the tool claw is within the range of motion of the current posture of the robot arm, generate a motion path of the robot arm according to the start position, the first intermediate point position, the second intermediate point position, and the target position.
  • the target position of the tool claw is within the range of motion of the current posture of the robot arm, that is, there is no need to switch the left and right hand postures, directly according to the starting position, the first intermediate point position, the second intermediate point position, and the target position.
  • Generate a motion path for the robot arm Assuming that the target position of the tool claw is not within the range of motion of the current posture of the robot arm, that is, the left and right hand postures need to be switched, according to the start position, the first intermediate point position, and the position of the hand change point calculated in step S2.
  • a motion path of the current posture of the robot arm is generated, and a motion path after the robot arm switching posture is generated according to the hand shift point position, the second intermediate point position, and the target position.
  • the Z axis needs to be raised to the position of the safe Z axis at the starting point, and then the safe Z axis is lowered to the end Z axis position at the end point, and all the intermediate points are in the safe Z axis. Run on, that is, take a "door" font track.
  • the position of the safety Z-axis can be stored in advance, and in general, the position of the safety Z-axis does not need to be changed frequently.
  • you need to change the lifting height of the arm you only need to change the position of the pre-stored safety Z-axis without manually adjusting the arm height. In this case, it is necessary to insert an intermediate point directly above the starting position in the moving path of the arm.
  • a first safety height position corresponding to the starting position may be calculated; wherein the first safety height position is directly above the starting position, and a vertical height from the starting position is greater than or equal to a position of the preset height value; generating a motion path of the robot arm according to the start position, the first safety height position, the first intermediate point position, the second intermediate point position, and the target position.
  • the safety radius of the arm movement can also be calculated from the first safety height position and the obstacle distribution.
  • the maximum value R max of the safety radius can be calculated as follows:
  • h is the height of the safe Z-axis and l is the maximum distance between the obstacle and the center point of the base of the robot arm.
  • a second safety height position corresponding to the target position may be calculated; wherein the second safety height position is directly above the target position, and a vertical height from the target position is greater than or equal to the pre-predetermined position a position of the set height value; generating a motion path of the robot arm according to the start position, the first safety height position, the first intermediate point position, the second safety height position, the second intermediate point position, and the target position.
  • the motion of the robot arm can be controlled according to the motion path such that the robot arm automatically moves from the starting point position to the target point position along the motion path.
  • the movement path of the robot arm can be automatically re-planned simply by reacquiring the obstacle distribution.
  • the mechanical path of the arm (such as the size of the tool jaw) can be re-inputted in the system to automatically re-plan the path of the arm. No manual teaching, simple operation and high efficiency.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing a path when an intermediate point in the vertical direction is not added to an embodiment
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing a path when an intermediate point in the vertical direction is added to an embodiment.
  • the dashed line in the figure indicates the path of motion of the robot arm.
  • the present invention provides a robot arm motion path generating system, which may include:
  • a first calculation module 10 configured to acquire a distribution position of an obstacle around the mechanical arm, calculate a safety radius of the movement of the mechanical arm according to the distribution position, and calculate an actual mechanical arm according to the safety radius and a size of a tool claw of the mechanical arm Working radius
  • a coordinate system of the robot arm and obstacle distribution may be established, preferably the coordinate system is a three-dimensional coordinate system.
  • the three-dimensional coordinate system may set the center point of the robot arm base as the origin, and set two mutually perpendicular directions on the horizontal plane as the x-axis and the y-axis, and the vertical direction as the z-axis.
  • the distribution position of the obstacle may be expressed in the form of coordinates.
  • a coordinate set may be established, and the coordinate set may include a plurality of coordinate values, and each coordinate value represents an obstacle.
  • the positional distribution which can be expressed in the form of (x, y, z). In order to distinguish each obstacle, it is also possible to number each obstacle and bind the coordinate value of the obstacle to the corresponding number.
  • the safety radius and the actual working radius are as shown in FIG.
  • R max and R min represent the maximum and minimum values of the safety radius, respectively
  • WR max and WR min represent the maximum and minimum values of the actual working radius, respectively.
  • the maximum value of the safety radius may be calculated according to the obstacle distribution, and the distance between the obstacle around the arm and the center point of the base of the robot arm may be obtained according to the distribution position of the obstacle, and the machine is calculated according to the minimum value of the distance.
  • the safe radius of the arm movement In one embodiment, the minimum value r min of the distance may be set to the maximum value of the safety radius, and in another embodiment, a value less than r min may be set as the maximum of the safety radius. value.
  • the minimum value of the safety radius can be calculated based on the size of the base of the robot arm.
  • the maximum value r max of the distance between each point of the robot arm base and the center point of the robot arm base may be set to a minimum value of the safety radius, and in another embodiment, one may be greater than The value of r max is set to the minimum value of the safety radius. Since the tool jaws of the robot arm are sized, the actual working radius of the robot arm can be calculated as follows:
  • d is the size of the tool jaw of the robot arm.
  • a second calculating module 20 configured to calculate a first intermediate point position of the arm movement according to the starting position of the tool claw and the actual working radius, and calculate the machine according to the target position of the tool claw and the actual working radius a second intermediate point position of the arm movement;
  • the first when calculating the first intermediate point position of the arm movement, the first a first intersection of a circular area corresponding to the actual working radius; wherein the first line is a line connecting the starting position to a center point of the base of the robot arm; The position where the first intersection is located is set to the intermediate point position.
  • the first intersection point may be an intersection of a circle of the first straight line corresponding to the actual working radius, as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • A' is the intersection, that is, the intermediate point.
  • a second intersection of the circular area corresponding to the actual working radius of the second straight line may be acquired; wherein the second straight line is the target position and the mechanical arm
  • the line connecting the center points of the base; the position where one of the second intersections is located is the intermediate point position.
  • the second intersection may be an intersection of a circle of the second line corresponding to the actual working radius, as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • B' is the intersection, that is, the intermediate point.
  • the mechanical arm if the mechanical arm maintains the current posture, it may not be able to move to the target position, and in this case, the movement of the mechanical arm from the starting position to the target position is required.
  • Replace the left and right hand postures When the arm is replaced with the left and right hand postures, the entire arm needs to be fully extended, and the space required is the largest. If the hand is not handled properly, the machine will collide. Therefore, in addition to the first intermediate point position and the second intermediate point position, it may be necessary to set the handoff point position in the motion path of the robot arm.
  • the hand-over point position may be set in the hand-handling area, that is, the area between the obstacle and the center point of the robot arm base is greater than the maximum length of the robot arm. That is, an acquisition module may be provided. If the target position of the tool claw is not within the range of motion of the current posture of the robot arm, the acquisition module may select at least one point in the handoff area as a handoff point to obtain the position of the hand change point.
  • the hand-handling area is a region where the distance between the obstacle and the center point of the robot arm base is greater than the maximum length of the robot arm.
  • the maximum length is the length when the robot arm is fully extended.
  • the hand change area is shown in Figure 5.
  • the mechanical parameter of the robot arm can be read, and the region where the current posture of the arm can be reached is calculated according to the mechanical parameter, and if the target position is not in the region, It is determined that the right and left hand gestures need to be switched.
  • a first generating module 30 configured to: if the target position of the tool claw is within a range of motion of the current posture of the robot arm, according to the starting position, the first intermediate point position, the second intermediate point position, and the mesh The target position generates a motion path of the robot arm.
  • the target position of the tool claw is within the range of motion of the current posture of the robot arm, that is, there is no need to switch the left and right hand postures, directly according to the starting position, the first intermediate point position, the second intermediate point position, and the target position.
  • a second generation module may be provided for the start position, the first intermediate point position, and the second
  • the calculated hand position calculated by the calculation module 20 generates a motion path of the current posture of the robot arm, and generates a motion path after the robot arm switching posture according to the hand shift point position, the second intermediate point position, and the target position.
  • the Z axis needs to be raised to the position of the safe Z axis at the starting point, and then the safe Z axis is lowered to the end Z axis position at the end point, and all the intermediate points are in the safe Z axis. Run on, that is, take a "door" font track.
  • the position of the safety Z-axis can be stored in advance, and in general, the position of the safety Z-axis does not need to be changed frequently.
  • you need to change the lifting height of the arm you only need to change the position of the pre-stored safety Z-axis without manually adjusting the arm height. In this case, it is necessary to insert an intermediate point directly above the starting position in the moving path of the arm.
  • a first safety height position corresponding to the starting position may be calculated; wherein the first safety height position is directly above the starting position, and a vertical height from the starting position is greater than or equal to a position of the preset height value; generating a motion path of the robot arm according to the start position, the first safety height position, the first intermediate point position, the second intermediate point position, and the target position.
  • the safety radius of the arm movement can also be calculated from the first safety height position and the obstacle distribution.
  • the maximum value R max of the safety radius can be calculated as follows:
  • h is the height of the safe Z-axis and l is the maximum distance between the obstacle and the center point of the base of the robot arm.
  • a second safety height position corresponding to the target position may be calculated; wherein the second safety height position is directly above the target position, and a vertical height from the target position is greater than or equal to the pre-predetermined position a position of the height value; according to the starting position, the first safety height position, the first intermediate point position, the second safety height position, the second intermediate point position, and the mesh
  • the target position generates a motion path of the robot arm.
  • the motion of the robot arm can be controlled according to the motion path such that the robot arm automatically moves from the starting point position to the target point position along the motion path.
  • the movement path of the robot arm can be automatically re-planned simply by reacquiring the obstacle distribution.
  • the mechanical path of the arm (such as the size of the tool jaw) can be re-inputted in the system to automatically re-plan the path of the arm. No manual teaching, simple operation and high efficiency.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing a path when an intermediate point in the vertical direction is not added to an embodiment
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing a path when an intermediate point in the vertical direction is added to an embodiment.
  • the dashed line in the figure indicates the path of motion of the robot arm.
  • the mechanical arm motion path generating system of the present invention has a one-to-one correspondence with the robot arm motion path generating method of the present invention, and the technical features and the beneficial effects described in the embodiments of the above-described robot arm motion path generating method are all applicable to the robot arm motion path generation. In the embodiment of the system, it is hereby declared.
  • the program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the program when executed, includes the steps described in the above methods.
  • the storage medium includes: a ROM/RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, and the like.

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Abstract

一种机械臂运动路径生成方法和系统,方法包括以下步骤:获取机械臂周围的障碍物的分布位置,根据分布位置计算机械臂运动的安全半径,根据安全半径和机械臂的工具爪的尺寸计算机械臂的实际工作半径;根据工具爪的起始位置和实际工作半径计算机械臂运动的第一中间点位置,根据工具爪的目标位置和实际工作半径计算机械臂运动的第二中间点位置;若工具爪的目标位置在机械臂当前姿态的运动范围内,根据起始位置、第一中间点位置、第二中间点位置和目标位置生成机械臂的运动路径。

Description

机械臂运动路径生成方法和系统 技术领域
本发明涉及自动化控制技术领域,特别是涉及一种机械臂运动路径生成方法和系统。
背景技术
如图1所示,在机械臂运动空间中存在周边设备及机械臂自身机座等障碍物,当控制机械臂从A点运动到B点时,需要对机械臂的运动路径进行规划,使机械臂要在运动过程中不与障碍物发生碰撞。
传统的机械臂路径规划方式主要使用人工示教中间点法,如下图2所示,即在机器人运动轨迹中分别手工示教点T1、T2、T3等机械臂运行的中间点,以在从起点A到达终点B的过程中避开障碍物。此种方式需要手工示教各个轨迹中间点,更换机械臂后要重新示教每个中间点,路径生成效率低。
发明内容
基于此,有必要针对路径生成效率低的问题,提供一种机械臂运动路径生成方法和系统。
一种机械臂运动路径生成方法,包括以下步骤:
获取机械臂周围的障碍物的分布位置,根据所述分布位置计算机械臂运动的安全半径,根据所述安全半径和机械臂的工具爪的尺寸计算机械臂的实际工作半径;
根据所述工具爪的起始位置和所述实际工作半径计算机械臂运动的第一中间点位置,根据所述工具爪的目标位置和所述实际工作半径计算机械臂运动的第二中间点位置;
若所述工具爪的目标位置在所述机械臂当前姿态的运动范围内,根据所述起始位置、第一中间点位置、第二中间点位置和目标位置生成机械臂的运动路径。
一种机械臂运动路径生成系统,包括:
第一计算模块,用于获取机械臂周围的障碍物的分布位置,根据所述分布位置计算机械臂运动的安全半径,根据所述安全半径和机械臂的工具爪的尺寸计算机械臂的实际工作半径;
第二计算模块,用于根据所述工具爪的起始位置和所述实际工作半径计算机械臂运动的第一中间点位置,根据所述工具爪的目标位置和所述实际工作半径计算机械臂运动的第二中间点位置;
第一生成模块,用于若所述工具爪的目标位置在所述机械臂当前姿态的运动范围内,根据所述起始位置、第一中间点位置、第二中间点位置和目标位置生成机械臂的运动路径。
上述机械臂运动路径生成方法和系统,根据障碍物的分布位置计算机械臂运动的安全半径,根据所述安全半径和机械臂的工具爪的尺寸计算机械臂的实际工作半径,根据所述工具爪的起始位置和所述实际工作半径计算机械臂运动的第一中间点位置,根据所述工具爪的目标位置和所述实际工作半径计算机械臂运动的第二中间点位置,并自动生成机械臂的运动路径,当障碍物分布改变时,只需输入更改后的障碍物的分布位置即可自动生成新的机械臂运动路径,无需人工示教各个轨迹中间点,规划效率高。
附图说明
图1为一个实施例的机械臂及障碍物分布示意图;
图2为一个实施例的人工示教运动路径中间点的示意图;
图3为一个实施例的机械臂运动路径生成方法流程图;
图4为一个实施例的安全半径与实际工作半径示意图;
图5为一个实施例的中间点和换手区域示意图;
图6为第一实施例的机械臂运动路径示意图;
图7为第二实施例的机械臂运动路径示意图;
图8为一个实施例的机械臂运动路径生成系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行说明。
如图1所示,本发明提供一种机械臂运动路径生成方法,可包括以下步骤:
S1,获取机械臂周围的障碍物的分布位置,根据所述分布位置计算机械臂运动的安全半径,根据所述安全半径和机械臂的工具爪的尺寸计算机械臂的实际工作半径;
在一个实施例中,可以建立机械臂及障碍物分布的坐标系,优选地,所述坐标系为三维坐标系。所述三维坐标系可以将机械臂底座的中心点设为原点,将水平面上两个相互垂直的方向设为x轴和y轴,将竖直方向设为z轴。通过建立坐标系,可以更加方便地对机械臂位置及障碍物分布进行描述。在所述三维坐标系下,所述障碍物的分布位置可以用坐标的形式表示出来,例如,可以建立一个坐标集合,该坐标集合中可以包括多个坐标值,每个坐标值代表一个障碍物的位置分布,该坐标值可表示为(x,y,z)的形式。为了便于区分各个障碍物,还可以将各个障碍物进行编号,并将障碍物的坐标值与对应编号进行绑定。
所述安全半径与实际工作半径如图4所示。图中,Rmax和Rmin分别表示安全半径的最大值和最小值,WRmax和WRmin分别表示实际工作半径的最大值和最小值,A和B分别表示起始位置和目标位置。所述安全半径的最大值可以根据障碍物分布来计算,可根据障碍物的分布位置获取机械臂周围的障碍物与机械臂底座的中心点之间的距离,根据所述距离的最小值计算机械臂运动的安全半径。在一个实施例中,可以将所述距离的最小值rmin设为所述安全半径的最大值,在另一个实施例中,也可以将一个小于rmin的数值设为所述安全半径的最大值。所述安全半径的最小值可以根据机械臂底座的尺寸来计算。在一个实施例中,可以将所述机械臂底座各点与机械臂底座中心点的距离的最大值rmax设为所述安全半径的最小值,在另一个实施例中,也可以将一个大于rmax的数值设为所述安全半径的最小值。由于机械臂的工具爪有一定尺寸,因此,机械臂的实际工作半径可根据以下方式计算:
WRmax=Rmax-d;
WRmin=Rmin+d;
其中,d为所述机械臂的工具爪的尺寸。
S2,根据所述工具爪的起始位置和所述实际工作半径计算机械臂运动的第一中间点位置,根据所述工具爪的目标位置和所述实际工作半径计算机械臂运动的第二中间点位置;
在一个实施例中,计算机械臂运动的第一中间点位置时,可以获取第一直线与所述实际工作半径对应的圆形区域的第一交点;其中,所述第一直线是所述起始位置与所述机械臂的底座的中心点所连成的直线;将其中一个第一交点所在的位置设为所述中间点位置。优选地,所述第一交点可以是所述第一直线与所述实际工作半径对应的圆的交点,如图5所示。在图5中,A’为所述交点,也即所述中间点。计算机械臂运动的第二中间点位置时,可以获取第二直线与所述实际工作半径对应的圆形区域的第二交点;其中,所述第二直线是所述目标位置与所述机械臂的底座的中心点所连成的直线;将其中一个第二交点所在的位置设为所述中间点位置。优选地,所述第二交点可以是所述第二直线与所述实际工作半径对应的圆的交点,如图5所示。在图5中,B’为所述交点,也即所述中间点。如果建立了三维坐标系,可以获取所述第一中间点和第二中间点在所述三维坐标系中的坐标,并保存。
在一个实施例中,由于机械臂本身的机械参数对机械臂的限制,如果机械臂保持当前姿态可能无法运动到目标位置,此时,在机械臂从起始位置运动到目标位置的过程中需要更换左右手姿态。机械臂更换左右手姿态时,需要将整个机械臂完全伸直,需要的空间最大,换手点处理不好即会撞机。因此,除了所述第一中间点位置和第二中间点位置之外,可能还需要在机械臂的运动路径中设置换手点位置。所述换手点位置可以设置在换手区域内,换手区域即障碍物与机械臂底座的中心点之间的距离大于所述机械臂的最大长度的区域。即,若所述工具爪的目标位置不在所述机械臂当前姿态的运动范围内,可在换手区域中选取至少一点作为换手点,获取换手点位置;其中,所述换手区域是障碍物与机械臂底座的中心点之间的距离大于所述机械臂的 最大长度的区域。所述最大长度即机械臂完全伸直时的长度。换手区域如图5所示,图中的C1和C2为换手点,在实际情况下,换手点的数量也可以是1或者其他数量。其中,在判断机械臂保持当前姿态是否可以到达目标位置时,可读取机械臂的机械参数,并根据所述机械参数计算机械臂当前姿态能够到达的区域,若目标位置不在该区域内,则判定需要切换左右手姿态。
S3,若所述工具爪的目标位置在所述机械臂当前姿态的运动范围内,根据所述起始位置、第一中间点位置、第二中间点位置和目标位置生成机械臂的运动路径。
假设所述工具爪的目标位置在所述机械臂当前姿态的运动范围内,即不需要切换左右手姿态,可直接根据所述起始位置、第一中间点位置、第二中间点位置和目标位置生成机械臂的运动路径。假设所述工具爪的目标位置不在所述机械臂当前姿态的运动范围内,即需要切换左右手姿态,可根据所述起始位置、第一中间点位置和步骤S2中计算出的换手点位置生成机械臂当前姿态的运动路径,并根据所述换手点位置、第二中间点位置和目标位置生成机械臂切换姿态后的运动路径。
在实际情况下,由于机械臂特殊结构,在起点时需要先将Z轴提升至安全Z轴的位置,在终点时再由安全Z轴降至终点Z轴位置,所有中间点都在安全Z轴上运行,即走一个“门”字型轨迹。安全Z轴的位置可以预先存储,在一般情况下,安全Z轴的位置无需经常变动。当需要更改机械臂的提升高度时,只需更改预存的安全Z轴的位置即可,无需人工调整机械臂高度。在这种情况下,需要在机械臂的运动路径中插入一个起始位置正上方的中间点。具体地,可以计算所述起始位置对应的第一安全高度位置;其中,所述第一安全高度位置是在所述起始位置正上方,且与所述起始位置的垂直高度大于或等于预设的高度值的位置;根据所述起始位置、第一安全高度位置、第一中间点位置、第二中间点位置和目标位置生成机械臂的运动路径。在这种情况下,还可以根据所述第一安全高度位置和所述障碍物分布计算机械臂运动的安全半径。此时,所述安全半径的最大值Rmax可根据以下方式计算:
Figure PCTCN2017103590-appb-000001
其中,h为安全Z轴的高度,l为障碍物与机械臂底座中心点的最大距离。
假设在起始位置时对机械臂进行了升高,如上所述,则在目标位置还需要将机械臂下降到原高度,此时,可以在机械臂运动的目标位置的正上方插入一个中间点。具体地,可以计算所述目标位置对应的第二安全高度位置;其中,所述第二安全高度位置是在所述目标位置正上方,且与所述目标位置的垂直高度大于或等于所述预设的高度值的位置;根据所述起始位置、第一安全高度位置、第一中间点位置、第二安全高度位置、第二中间点位置和目标位置生成机械臂的运动路径。
在生成机械臂的运动路径之后,可以根据所述运动路径控制机械臂运动,使机械臂自动沿着所述运动路径从所述起始点位置运动到所述目标点位置。当障碍物分布改变时,只需重新获取障碍物分布,即可自动重新规划出机械臂的运动路径。当机械臂更换时,只需在系统中重新输入机械臂的机械参数(如工具爪的尺寸),即可自动重新规划出机械臂的运动路径。无需人工示教,操作简单,效率高。
机械臂的实际运动路径如图6和图7所示。图6为一个实施例的未加入竖直方向上的中间点时的路径示意图,图7为一个实施例的加入竖直方向上的中间点时的路径示意图。图中虚线表示机械臂的运动路径。
本发明具有以下优点:
(1)操作简单快速,不需要手动示教。
(2)智能插入需要的中间点,运行效率较高。
(3)自动管理Z轴规划,调用者只需要输入起点及终点信息。
(4)智能判断是否需要更换左右手姿态,运行效率较高。
(5)适应多种障碍物布局,环境变化后只需要更新环境信息即可立即使用。
如图8所示,本发明提供一种机械臂运动路径生成系统,可包括:
第一计算模块10,用于获取机械臂周围的障碍物的分布位置,根据所述分布位置计算机械臂运动的安全半径,根据所述安全半径和机械臂的工具爪的尺寸计算机械臂的实际工作半径;
在一个实施例中,可以建立机械臂及障碍物分布的坐标系,优选地,所述坐标系为三维坐标系。所述三维坐标系可以将机械臂底座的中心点设为原点,将水平面上两个相互垂直的方向设为x轴和y轴,将竖直方向设为z轴。通过建立坐标系,可以更加方便地对机械臂位置及障碍物分布进行描述。在所述三维坐标系下,所述障碍物的分布位置可以用坐标的形式表示出来,例如,可以建立一个坐标集合,该坐标集合中可以包括多个坐标值,每个坐标值代表一个障碍物的位置分布,该坐标值可表示为(x,y,z)的形式。为了便于区分各个障碍物,还可以将各个障碍物进行编号,并将障碍物的坐标值与对应编号进行绑定。
所述安全半径与实际工作半径如图4所示。图中,Rmax和Rmin分别表示安全半径的最大值和最小值,WRmax和WRmin分别表示实际工作半径的最大值和最小值。所述安全半径的最大值可以根据障碍物分布来计算,可根据障碍物的分布位置获取机械臂周围的障碍物与机械臂底座的中心点之间的距离,根据所述距离的最小值计算机械臂运动的安全半径。在一个实施例中,可以将所述距离的最小值rmin设为所述安全半径的最大值,在另一个实施例中,也可以将一个小于rmin的数值设为所述安全半径的最大值。所述安全半径的最小值可以根据机械臂底座的尺寸来计算。在一个实施例中,可以将所述机械臂底座各点与机械臂底座中心点的距离的最大值rmax设为所述安全半径的最小值,在另一个实施例中,也可以将一个大于rmax的数值设为所述安全半径的最小值。由于机械臂的工具爪有一定尺寸,因此,机械臂的实际工作半径可根据以下方式计算:
WRmax=Rmax-d;
WRmin=Rmin+d;
其中,d为所述机械臂的工具爪的尺寸。
第二计算模块20,用于根据所述工具爪的起始位置和所述实际工作半径计算机械臂运动的第一中间点位置,根据所述工具爪的目标位置和所述实际工作半径计算机械臂运动的第二中间点位置;
在一个实施例中,计算机械臂运动的第一中间点位置时,可以获取第一 直线与所述实际工作半径对应的圆形区域的第一交点;其中,所述第一直线是所述起始位置与所述机械臂的底座的中心点所连成的直线;将其中一个第一交点所在的位置设为所述中间点位置。优选地,所述第一交点可以是所述第一直线与所述实际工作半径对应的圆的交点,如图5所示。在图5中,A’为所述交点,也即所述中间点。计算机械臂运动的第二中间点位置时,可以获取第二直线与所述实际工作半径对应的圆形区域的第二交点;其中,所述第二直线是所述目标位置与所述机械臂的底座的中心点所连成的直线;将其中一个第二交点所在的位置设为所述中间点位置。优选地,所述第二交点可以是所述第二直线与所述实际工作半径对应的圆的交点,如图5所示。在图5中,B’为所述交点,也即所述中间点。如果建立了三维坐标系,可以获取所述第一中间点和第二中间点在所述三维坐标系中的坐标,并保存。
在一个实施例中,由于机械臂本身的机械参数对机械臂的限制,如果机械臂保持当前姿态可能无法运动到目标位置,此时,在机械臂从起始位置运动到目标位置的过程中需要更换左右手姿态。机械臂更换左右手姿态时,需要将整个机械臂完全伸直,需要的空间最大,换手点处理不好即会撞机。因此,除了所述第一中间点位置和第二中间点位置之外,可能还需要在机械臂的运动路径中设置换手点位置。所述换手点位置可以设置在换手区域内,换手区域即障碍物与机械臂底座的中心点之间的距离大于所述机械臂的最大长度的区域。即,可设置一获取模块,若所述工具爪的目标位置不在所述机械臂当前姿态的运动范围内,该获取模块可在换手区域中选取至少一点作为换手点,获取换手点位置;其中,所述换手区域是障碍物与机械臂底座的中心点之间的距离大于所述机械臂的最大长度的区域。所述最大长度即机械臂完全伸直时的长度。换手区域如图5所示。其中,在判断机械臂保持当前姿态是否可以到达目标位置时,可读取机械臂的机械参数,并根据所述机械参数计算机械臂当前姿态能够到达的区域,若目标位置不在该区域内,则判定需要切换左右手姿态。
第一生成模块30,用于若所述工具爪的目标位置在所述机械臂当前姿态的运动范围内,根据所述起始位置、第一中间点位置、第二中间点位置和目 标位置生成机械臂的运动路径。
假设所述工具爪的目标位置在所述机械臂当前姿态的运动范围内,即不需要切换左右手姿态,可直接根据所述起始位置、第一中间点位置、第二中间点位置和目标位置生成机械臂的运动路径。假设所述工具爪的目标位置不在所述机械臂当前姿态的运动范围内,即需要切换左右手姿态,可设置第二生成模块,用于根据所述起始位置、第一中间点位置和第二计算模块20计算出的换手点位置生成机械臂当前姿态的运动路径,并根据所述换手点位置、第二中间点位置和目标位置生成机械臂切换姿态后的运动路径。
在实际情况下,由于机械臂特殊结构,在起点时需要先将Z轴提升至安全Z轴的位置,在终点时再由安全Z轴降至终点Z轴位置,所有中间点都在安全Z轴上运行,即走一个“门”字型轨迹。安全Z轴的位置可以预先存储,在一般情况下,安全Z轴的位置无需经常变动。当需要更改机械臂的提升高度时,只需更改预存的安全Z轴的位置即可,无需人工调整机械臂高度。在这种情况下,需要在机械臂的运动路径中插入一个起始位置正上方的中间点。具体地,可以计算所述起始位置对应的第一安全高度位置;其中,所述第一安全高度位置是在所述起始位置正上方,且与所述起始位置的垂直高度大于或等于预设的高度值的位置;根据所述起始位置、第一安全高度位置、第一中间点位置、第二中间点位置和目标位置生成机械臂的运动路径。在这种情况下,还可以根据所述第一安全高度位置和所述障碍物分布计算机械臂运动的安全半径。此时,所述安全半径的最大值Rmax可根据以下方式计算:
Figure PCTCN2017103590-appb-000002
其中,h为安全Z轴的高度,l为障碍物与机械臂底座中心点的最大距离。
假设在起始位置时对机械臂进行了升高,如上所述,则在目标位置还需要将机械臂下降到原高度,此时,可以在机械臂运动的目标位置的正上方插入一个中间点。具体地,可以计算所述目标位置对应的第二安全高度位置;其中,所述第二安全高度位置是在所述目标位置正上方,且与所述目标位置的垂直高度大于或等于所述预设的高度值的位置;根据所述起始位置、第一安全高度位置、第一中间点位置、第二安全高度位置、第二中间点位置和目 标位置生成机械臂的运动路径。
在生成机械臂的运动路径之后,可以根据所述运动路径控制机械臂运动,使机械臂自动沿着所述运动路径从所述起始点位置运动到所述目标点位置。当障碍物分布改变时,只需重新获取障碍物分布,即可自动重新规划出机械臂的运动路径。当机械臂更换时,只需在系统中重新输入机械臂的机械参数(如工具爪的尺寸),即可自动重新规划出机械臂的运动路径。无需人工示教,操作简单,效率高。
机械臂的实际运动路径如图6和图7所示。图6为一个实施例的未加入竖直方向上的中间点时的路径示意图,图7为一个实施例的加入竖直方向上的中间点时的路径示意图。图中虚线表示机械臂的运动路径。
本发明具有以下优点:
(1)操作简单快速,不需要手动示教。
(2)智能插入需要的中间点,运行效率较高。
(3)自动管理Z轴规划,调用者只需要输入起点及终点信息。
(4)智能判断是否需要更换左右手姿态,运行效率较高。
(5)适应多种障碍物布局,环境变化后只需要更新环境信息即可立即使用。
本发明的机械臂运动路径生成系统与本发明的机械臂运动路径生成方法一一对应,在上述机械臂运动路径生成方法的实施例阐述的技术特征及其有益效果均适用于机械臂运动路径生成系统的实施例中,特此声明。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件来完成。所述的程序可以存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中。该程序在执行时,包括上述方法所述的步骤。所述的存储介质,包括:ROM/RAM、磁碟、光盘等。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详 细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种机械臂运动路径生成方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    获取机械臂周围的障碍物的分布位置,根据所述分布位置计算机械臂运动的安全半径,根据所述安全半径和机械臂的工具爪的尺寸计算机械臂的实际工作半径;
    根据所述工具爪的起始位置和所述实际工作半径计算机械臂运动的第一中间点位置,根据所述工具爪的目标位置和所述实际工作半径计算机械臂运动的第二中间点位置;
    若所述工具爪的目标位置在所述机械臂当前姿态的运动范围内,根据所述起始位置、第一中间点位置、第二中间点位置和目标位置生成机械臂的运动路径。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的机械臂运动路径生成方法,其特征在于,还包括以下步骤:
    若所述工具爪的目标位置不在所述机械臂当前姿态的运动范围内,在换手区域中选取至少一点作为换手点,获取换手点位置;其中,所述换手区域是障碍物与机械臂底座的中心点之间的距离大于所述机械臂的最大长度的区域;
    根据所述起始位置、第一中间点位置和换手点位置生成机械臂当前姿态的运动路径,并根据所述换手点位置、第二中间点位置和目标位置生成机械臂切换姿态后的运动路径。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的机械臂运动路径生成方法,其特征在于,根据所述起始位置、第一中间点位置、第二中间点位置和目标位置生成机械臂的运动路径的步骤包括:
    计算所述起始位置对应的第一安全高度位置;其中,所述第一安全高度位置是在所述起始位置正上方,且与所述起始位置的垂直高度大于或等于预设的高度值的位置;
    根据所述起始位置、第一安全高度位置、第一中间点位置、第二中间点位置和目标位置生成机械臂的运动路径。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的机械臂运动路径生成方法,其特征在于,根据所述障碍物分布计算机械臂运动的安全半径的步骤包括:
    根据所述第一安全高度位置和所述障碍物分布计算机械臂运动的安全半径。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的机械臂运动路径生成方法,其特征在于,根据所述起始位置、第一安全高度位置、第一中间点位置、第二中间点位置和目标位置生成机械臂的运动路径的步骤还包括:
    计算所述目标位置对应的第二安全高度位置;其中,所述第二安全高度位置是在所述目标位置正上方,且与所述目标位置的垂直高度大于或等于所述预设的高度值的位置;
    根据所述起始位置、第一安全高度位置、第一中间点位置、第二安全高度位置、第二中间点位置和目标位置生成机械臂的运动路径。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的机械臂运动路径生成方法,其特征在于,根据所述分布位置计算机械臂运动的安全半径的步骤包括:
    获取机械臂周围的障碍物与机械臂底座的中心点之间的距离;
    根据所述距离的最小值计算机械臂运动的安全半径。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任意一项所述的机械臂运动路径生成方法,其特征在于,在根据所述起始位置、第一中间点位置、第二中间点位置和目标位置生成机械臂的运动路径之后,还包括以下步骤:
    根据所述运动路径控制机械臂运动,使机械臂沿着所述运动路径从所述起始点位置运动到所述目标点位置。
  8. 根据权利要求1至6任意一项所述的机械臂运动路径生成方法,其特征在于,根据所述工具爪的起始位置和所述实际工作半径计算机械臂运动的第一中间点位置的步骤包括:
    获取第一直线与所述实际工作半径对应的圆形区域的第一交点;其中,所述第一直线是所述起始位置与所述机械臂的底座的中心点所连成的直线;
    将其中一个第一交点所在的位置设为所述中间点位置;
    根据所述工具爪的目标位置和所述实际工作半径计算机械臂运动的第二 中间点位置的步骤包括:
    获取第二直线与所述实际工作半径对应的圆形区域的第二交点;其中,所述第二直线是所述目标位置与所述机械臂的底座的中心点所连成的直线;
    将其中一个第二交点所在的位置设为所述中间点位置。
  9. 一种机械臂运动路径生成系统,其特征在于,包括:
    第一计算模块,用于获取机械臂周围的障碍物的分布位置,根据所述分布位置计算机械臂运动的安全半径,根据所述安全半径和机械臂的工具爪的尺寸计算机械臂的实际工作半径;
    第二计算模块,用于根据所述工具爪的起始位置和所述实际工作半径计算机械臂运动的第一中间点位置,根据所述工具爪的目标位置和所述实际工作半径计算机械臂运动的第二中间点位置;
    第一生成模块,用于若所述工具爪的目标位置在所述机械臂当前姿态的运动范围内,根据所述起始位置、第一中间点位置、第二中间点位置和目标位置生成机械臂的运动路径。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的机械臂运动路径生成系统,其特征在于,还包括:
    获取模块,用于若所述工具爪的目标位置不在所述机械臂当前姿态的运动范围内,在换手区域中选取至少一点作为换手点,获取换手点位置;其中,所述换手区域是障碍物与机械臂底座的中心点之间的距离大于所述机械臂的最大长度的区域;
    第二生成模块,用于根据所述起始位置、第一中间点位置和换手点位置生成机械臂当前姿态的运动路径,并根据所述换手点位置、第二中间点位置和目标位置生成机械臂切换姿态后的运动路径。
PCT/CN2017/103590 2017-03-02 2017-09-27 机械臂运动路径生成方法和系统 WO2018157592A1 (zh)

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