WO2018153321A1 - 一种波束赋形bf权值赋值的方法和装置 - Google Patents
一种波束赋形bf权值赋值的方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018153321A1 WO2018153321A1 PCT/CN2018/076673 CN2018076673W WO2018153321A1 WO 2018153321 A1 WO2018153321 A1 WO 2018153321A1 CN 2018076673 W CN2018076673 W CN 2018076673W WO 2018153321 A1 WO2018153321 A1 WO 2018153321A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0221—Power control, e.g. to keep the total optical power constant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
- H04B10/25752—Optical arrangements for wireless networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0298—Wavelength-division multiplex systems with sub-carrier multiplexing [SCM]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2210/00—Indexing scheme relating to optical transmission systems
- H04B2210/006—Devices for generating or processing an RF signal by optical means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0007—Construction
- H04Q2011/0016—Construction using wavelength multiplexing or demultiplexing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0007—Construction
- H04Q2011/0024—Construction using space switching
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Definitions
- the present application relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for beamforming (BF) weight assignment.
- BF beamforming
- the high frequency band is considered for 5G mobile communication to increase the data rate.
- the centimeter wave and the millimeter wave band such as 15 GHz, 28 GHz, 38 GHz, 60 GHz, and 73 GHz are considered for use.
- the high-frequency band has a small wavelength, and the antenna unit for transmitting signals is small in size, so that the transceiver can integrate multiple antenna units.
- the transmission loss of the centimeter wave and the millimeter wave is much larger.
- the directional beam is one of the main technical methods to overcome high transmission loss.
- the directional beam is realized by arraying multiple antenna elements to improve the gain of the transmitting and receiving antennas and the received signal power.
- the current common BF methods are Digital Beamforming (DBF) and Hybrid Beamforming (HBF).
- HBF reduces the number of baseband ports, digital to analog converters (ADCs), digital to analog converters (DACs), and Transmit Receiver Units (TRUs) in terms of complexity, cost, and The power consumption has been reduced, and it has gradually become the mainstream solution for the high frequency band.
- the existing HBF architectures mainly include: 1.
- the sub-array connection BF frame is shown in Figure 1.
- An antenna sub-array is connected to a baseband port.
- the baseband signal of the baseband port 1 passes through a low pass filter (LPF) and an amplifier (AMP).
- the power split network is divided into multiple intermediate frequency signals, and the multiple intermediate frequency signals are respectively up-converted by a mixer (Mixer) to be converted into a radio frequency electrical signal, or the baseband electrical signal is converted into a radio frequency electrical signal at a time, and the radio frequency electrical signal is performed.
- the directional beam is transmitted through the antenna sub-array 1.
- the baseband electrical signal of the baseband port 2 is also processed in the same manner.
- the traditional fully-connected BF architecture is shown in Figure 2. Each baseband port is connected to all antenna sub-arrays.
- the baseband electrical signals of baseband ports 1 and 2 are converted to intermediate-frequency electrical signals by LPF and AMP, and then the intermediate frequency is output by Mixer.
- the signal is upconverted to a radio frequency electrical signal, or the baseband electrical signal is converted into a radio frequency electrical signal at a time, and then divided into multiple radio frequency sub-electrical signals by the power dividing network, and the multi-channel radio sub-electrical signal needs to be used by the combiner before the antenna unit Combine and transmit through all antenna elements in the antenna array.
- the sub-array connection HBB architecture only connects one antenna sub-array to each baseband port, the gain of each antenna unit cannot be fully utilized, and the capacity is lower than the full-connected HBF; whereas the conventional fully-connected HBF architecture has a large number of antenna elements. More power splitters are needed, for example, 4 baseband ports, 128 antenna units, 4*127 splitters, and 3*128 combiners are needed.
- the combiner is also a kind of splitter.
- the power splitter introduces power input insertion loss to 7dB, combined insertion loss is 2dB, and the power division network is complex, so that the electromagnetic division between the power distribution network and each baseband port-antenna unit channel The interference is serious.
- the present application provides a method and apparatus for BF weight assignment, which is used to reduce the power division insertion loss of BF, and avoid electromagnetic interference between the power division network and each baseband port-antenna unit channel.
- the first aspect of the present application provides a device for assigning a BF weight, the device comprising: M optical carrier modules, M electro-optic modulation modules, M optical delay modules, split WDM, N photoelectric conversion modules, and An antenna array having k*N antenna elements, where k, M, N are integers greater than or equal to 1,
- the optical carrier module is configured to generate N optical carriers of unequal wavelengths
- the electro-optic modulation module is configured to modulate an electrical signal onto the optical carrier to obtain a modulated optical signal, where the electrical signal is a baseband electrical signal or an intermediate frequency electrical signal or a radio frequency electrical signal;
- the optical delay module is configured to perform delay adjustment on the modulated optical signal
- the shunt WDM is configured to perform splitting according to a wavelength of the modulated optical signal after the delay adjustment, to obtain an N-channel sub-optical signal;
- the photoelectric conversion module is configured to convert the N-channel sub-optical signal into an N-channel sub-electrical signal, where the sub-electrical signal is a baseband electrical signal or an intermediate frequency electrical signal or a radio frequency electrical signal;
- the N-channel electrical signal is a baseband electrical signal or an intermediate frequency electrical signal
- the N-channel electrical signal is up-converted to obtain N-channel RF electrical signals
- the antenna array is configured to form a plurality of directional adjustable beams according to weighting of amplitude and phase of the N radio frequency electrical signals.
- a transceiver in a communication device can integrate a plurality of antenna units, and in the existing mobile communication standard, information needs to be assembled into an array by multiple antenna units to realize a directional beam.
- the device of the present application includes M optical carrier modules, M electro-optic modulation modules, M optical delay modules, shunt WDMs, N photoelectric conversion modules, and antenna arrays with k*N antenna elements, where k, M, N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
- the optical carrier module generates N optical carriers of unequal wavelengths, and the electro-optical modulation module modulates the electrical signals onto the optical carrier to obtain a modulated optical signal, wherein the electrical signal may be one of a baseband electrical signal, an intermediate frequency electrical signal, or a radio frequency electrical signal.
- the electrical signal may be one of a baseband electrical signal, an intermediate frequency electrical signal, or a radio frequency electrical signal. Which one depends on the processing method before the device of the present application obtains the electrical signal; first, the baseband module directly outputs the baseband electrical signal; second, after the baseband module outputs the baseband electrical signal, the frequency is converted to the intermediate frequency by the Mixer. The signal is the third. After the baseband module outputs the baseband electrical signal, the baseband electrical signal is upconverted to the radio frequency electrical signal by the Mixer.
- the optical delay module adjusts the delay of the modulated optical signal, and the split WDM splits according to the wavelength of the modulated optical signal after the delay adjustment. Since the optical carrier is N unequal wavelengths, the modulated light is modulated.
- the signal splitting obtains the N-channel sub-optical signal, and the photoelectric conversion module converts the N-channel sub-optical signal into the N-channel sub-electrical signal, and the sub-electrical signal is a baseband electrical signal, an intermediate frequency electrical signal or a radio frequency electrical signal, depending on the electrical signal received by the electro-optical modulation module.
- the antenna array radiates N-channel RF electrical signals according to the amplitude and phase of the N-channel RF electrical signals to form a plurality of direction-adjustable beams; if the N-channel electrical signals are For the baseband electrical signal or the intermediate frequency electrical signal, since the antenna array can only radiate the radio frequency electrical signal, the N-channel electrical signal needs to be subjected to up-conversion processing, and after processing, N radio frequency electrical signals are obtained, and then the amplitude of the N-channel radio frequency electrical signal is passed through the antenna array.
- phase weighting to form a plurality of directional adjustable beams all or part of the k*N antenna elements in the antenna array are used to radiate N A radio frequency electrical signal, thereby realizing beam transmission of an electrical signal, an electrical signal is known to correspond to a port electrical signal of a baseband port of the baseband module, and each electrical signal is implemented as such, with the existing conventional full Compared with the connection of BF, since the scheme is to perform optical delay processing on the electrical signal, the shunt function of the WDM replaces the power divider, and the number is significantly reduced, for example, four baseband ports, 128 antenna units, and the conventional full Connecting BF requires 508 splitters, and the power loss is 7dB. This solution only needs to use a WDM to implement the split function.
- the insertion loss of WDM is generally 0.5dB, which can obviously reduce the work.
- the insertion loss is divided, and the photoelectric conversion of the electrical signal can effectively avoid electromagnetic interference between the power division network existing in the conventional fully connected BF and the channel of each baseband port-antenna unit.
- the antenna array radiates the N radio frequency electrical signals by the k*N antenna elements according to weights and phases of the N radio frequency electrical signals to form a plurality of direction adjustable beams.
- k*N antenna elements in the antenna array may be used in whole or in part to radiate N radio frequency electrical signals.
- k*N antenna elements in the antenna array must be used for all N radio frequency bands.
- the radiation of the electrical signal is based on the weight and phase of the N-channel RF electrical signal, so that beams in multiple directions can be formed.
- the antenna unit in the antenna array is compared with the existing sub-array connection BF. All are used to make full use of the gain of the antenna unit in the antenna array, increasing the capacity.
- the optical carrier module includes a combined WDM and N tunable lasers, and the preset wavelengths of the N tunable lasers are mutually not equal,
- the combined WDM is used to combine N unequal wavelengths of light waves to obtain an optical carrier.
- the optical carrier module may specifically include a combined WDM and N tunable lasers, and N tunable lasers are preset, the preset wavelength of the tunable laser may be preset, and the preset wavelengths are not equal to each other, and the tunable laser is
- the wavelength of the light wave generated by the transformation can also be adjusted.
- a combined WDM is needed to wavelength-multiplex the light waves. Therefore, the combined path is an optical carrier with N wavelengths. Therefore, on the basis of one shunt WDM, it is necessary to add M combined WDMs.
- the scheme 4 Compared with the 384 combiners in the traditional fully connected BF, the combined WDM has a significantly smaller combined loss than the traditional fully connected BF.
- the optical carrier module includes a tunable laser, an optical circulator, and an optical micro-resonator.
- the optical circulator for transmitting the light wave to the optical micro-resonator and preventing the light wave input to the optical micro-resonator from being reflected back to the tunable laser;
- the optical microcavity cavity generates resonance for the input light wave to obtain an optical carrier having N equal intervals of different wavelengths.
- the optical carrier module specifically includes a tunable laser, an optical circulator and an optical micro-resonator.
- a tunable laser capable of generating a single wavelength is preset, and the wavelength of the tunable laser can be preset, and the tunable laser is in a specific implementation process.
- the wavelength of the light wave generated by the transformation can also be adjusted.
- the tunable laser generates the light wave of the preset wavelength
- the light wave is transmitted to the optical micro-resonator through the optical circulator, and the light wave input to the optical micro-resonator is prevented from being reflected back to the tunable laser.
- the optical microresonator resonates with the input light wave and outputs an optical carrier having N equally spaced different wavelengths.
- the first embodiment of the first aspect, the second embodiment of the first aspect, or the third embodiment of the first aspect, in the fourth implementation manner of the first aspect of the present application when the N-channel electrical signal is
- the device further includes a LO and N Mixers when the baseband electrical signal or the intermediate frequency electrical signal;
- the LO is used to generate a local oscillator signal
- the N Mixers are configured to up-convert the N-channel electrical signals according to the local oscillator signals to obtain N-channel RF electrical signals.
- the N-channel electrical signal When the electrical signal is a baseband electrical signal or an intermediate frequency electrical signal, the N-channel electrical signal must be a baseband electrical signal or an intermediate-frequency electrical signal.
- the antenna array In order for the antenna array to radiate N-channel electrical signals, it is necessary to convert the N-channel electrical signals into N-channel RF signals.
- the specific process is to generate the local oscillator signal through the local oscillator (LO), and the Mixer then up-converts the N-channel sub-electrical signals by the local oscillator signal to obtain the N-channel RF signal, so that the N-channel sub-electrical signal is After the variable frequency modulation, it can be transmitted through the antenna array.
- LO local oscillator
- the device further includes N PAs;
- the N PAs are configured to separately perform power amplification on the N radio frequency electrical signals.
- each RF electrical signal needs to be amplified by a power amplifier (PA) before the antenna unit transmits.
- PA power amplifier
- the N radio frequency electrical signals are respectively transmitted through k*N antenna units.
- the optical delay module is an optical switch-based optical fiber ring true time delay device, and an optical switch-based optical fiber ring true time delay device. Linear chirped fiber grating time delay or true time delay based on spatial optical path switching.
- the optical delay module uses a photo-time delay device, and there are many common photo-time delay devices, such as electric switches.
- the principle of the optical ring-based true time delay device based on the electric switch is that the optical signal passes through the photo-time delay device (OTTD), and the OTTD selects the fiber ring of different lengths through the electric switch according to the delay requirement, and delays the optical signal.
- the principle of optical ring-based fiber optic ring true time delay is similar to that of optical ring-based fiber optic ring true time delay.
- the difference lies in the selection of optical fiber rings of different lengths based on optical switches; the principle of linear chirped fiber grating delays Therefore, the optical signal is reflected by the linear chirped fiber grating, and the wavelengths of different reflection paths are different in length, so that the delay is also different.
- the principle of the true time delay based on the spatial optical path switching is that the optical signal passes through the controllable mirror to change the number of times the light is reflected in the space, so that the optical signal passes through different optical paths to achieve different delays.
- the electro-optic modulation module is MZM
- the optical delay module is a linear chirped fiber grating delay
- the Mach-Zehnder Modulator can handle high signal bandwidth and optical power, and has wavelength-independent modulation characteristics, which can better control the modulation performance and the modulation light intensity and phase. It can realize high data rate modulation above 40Gbit/s, which becomes the basis of many advanced optical modulation formats. Therefore, the electro-optic modulation module can adopt MZM, and since the phase modulation spectrum of MZM is nonlinear, it needs to be processed in optical delay. A linear chirped fiber grating delay is used as the optical delay module.
- the electro-optic modulation module is a PM
- the optical delay module is a linear chirped fiber grating delay device
- the photoelectric conversion Modules include MZI and dual balanced photodetectors.
- the electro-optical modulation module can use a phase electro-optic modulator (PM). Since the phase of the electrical signal is only considered when converting the optical signal, and the light intensity is not considered, the optical delay module adopts a linear ⁇ .
- a fiber grating delayer converts an optical phase signal into a light intensity signal using a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) when the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal, and then uses a double balanced photodetector to light The intensity signal is converted to an electrical signal and the noise is cancelled.
- MZI Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
- the second aspect of the present application provides a method for BF weight assignment, which is applied to a device for BF weight assignment, the device includes M optical carrier modules, M electro-optic modulation modules, M optical delay modules, and split WDM. And N antenna conversion modules and antenna arrays having k*N antenna elements, wherein k, M, N are integers greater than or equal to 1, the method comprising:
- the optical carrier module generates N optical carriers of unequal wavelengths
- the electro-optic modulation module modulates an electrical signal onto the optical carrier to obtain a modulated optical signal, wherein the electrical signal is a baseband electrical signal or an intermediate frequency electrical signal or a radio frequency electrical signal;
- the optical delay module performs time delay adjustment on the modulated optical signal
- the shunt WDM branches according to the wavelength of the modulated optical signal after the delay adjustment, to obtain an N-channel sub-optical signal
- the photoelectric conversion module converts the N-way sub-optical signal into an N-way sub-electrical signal
- the N-channel electrical signal is a baseband electrical signal or an intermediate frequency electrical signal
- the N-channel electrical signal is up-converted to obtain N-channel RF electrical signals
- the antenna array forms a plurality of directionally adjustable beams according to weighting of the amplitude and phase of the N radio frequency electrical signals.
- a transceiver in a communication device can integrate a plurality of antenna units, and in the existing mobile communication standard, information needs to be assembled into an array by multiple antenna units to realize a directional beam.
- the device of the present application includes M optical carrier modules, M electro-optic modulation modules, M optical delay modules, shunt WDMs, N photoelectric conversion modules, and antenna arrays with k*N antenna elements, where k, M, N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
- the optical carrier module generates N optical carriers of unequal wavelengths, and the electro-optical modulation module modulates the electrical signals onto the optical carrier to obtain a modulated optical signal, wherein the electrical signal may be one of a baseband electrical signal, an intermediate frequency electrical signal, or a radio frequency electrical signal.
- the electrical signal may be one of a baseband electrical signal, an intermediate frequency electrical signal, or a radio frequency electrical signal. Which one depends on the processing method before the device of the present application obtains the electrical signal; first, the baseband module directly outputs the baseband electrical signal; second, after the baseband module outputs the baseband electrical signal, the frequency is converted to the intermediate frequency by the Mixer. The signal is the third. After the baseband module outputs the baseband electrical signal, the baseband electrical signal is upconverted to the radio frequency electrical signal by the Mixer.
- the optical delay module adjusts the delay of the modulated optical signal, and the split WDM splits according to the wavelength of the modulated optical signal after the delay adjustment. Since the optical carrier is N unequal wavelengths, the modulated light is modulated.
- the signal splitting obtains the N-channel sub-optical signal, and the photoelectric conversion module converts the N-channel sub-optical signal into the N-channel sub-electrical signal, and the sub-electrical signal is a baseband electrical signal, an intermediate frequency electrical signal or a radio frequency electrical signal, depending on the electrical signal received by the electro-optical modulation module.
- the antenna array radiates N-channel RF electrical signals according to the amplitude and phase of the N-channel RF electrical signals to form a plurality of direction-adjustable beams; if the N-channel electrical signals are For the baseband electrical signal or the intermediate frequency electrical signal, since the antenna array can only radiate the radio frequency electrical signal, the N-channel electrical signal needs to be subjected to up-conversion processing, and after processing, N radio frequency electrical signals are obtained, and then the amplitude of the N-channel radio frequency electrical signal is passed through the antenna array.
- phase weighting to form a plurality of directional adjustable beams all or part of the k*N antenna elements in the antenna array are used to radiate N A radio frequency electrical signal, thereby realizing beam transmission of an electrical signal, an electrical signal is known to correspond to a port electrical signal of a baseband port of the baseband module, and each electrical signal is implemented as such, with the existing conventional full Compared with the connection of BF, since the scheme is to perform optical delay processing on the electrical signal, the shunt function of the WDM replaces the power divider, and the number is significantly reduced, for example, four baseband ports, 128 antenna units, and the conventional full Connecting BF requires 508 splitters, and the power loss is 7dB. This solution only needs to use a WDM to implement the split function.
- the insertion loss of WDM is generally 0.5dB, which obviously reduces the BF.
- the weight-shifting of the device of weight assignment, and the photoelectric conversion of the electrical signal can effectively avoid the electromagnetic interference between the power division network existing in the traditional fully-connected BF and the channel of each baseband port-antenna unit.
- the antenna array forms a plurality of directional adjustable beams according to the weights and phases of the N radio frequency electrical signals, including:
- the antenna array radiates the N radio frequency electrical signals by the k*N antenna elements according to weights and phases of the N radio frequency electrical signals to form a plurality of direction adjustable beams.
- the k*N antenna elements in the antenna array may be used for all or part of the radio frequency electrical signals.
- the k*N antenna elements in the antenna array must all be used for the N radio frequency.
- the radiation of the electrical signal is based on the weight and phase of the N-channel RF electrical signal, so that beams in multiple directions can be formed.
- the antenna unit in the antenna array is compared with the existing sub-array connection BF. All are used to make full use of the gain of the antenna unit in the antenna array, increasing the capacity.
- the optical carrier module includes a combined WDM and N tunable lasers, and the preset wavelengths of the N tunable lasers are mutually not equal,
- the optical carrier module generates N optical carriers of unequal wavelengths, including:
- Each of the N tunable lasers generates a light wave to obtain N light waves of unequal wavelengths
- the combined WDM combines the N wavelength waves of unequal wavelengths to obtain an optical carrier.
- the optical carrier module mentioned in the second aspect of the present application generates an optical carrier of N wavelengths by specifically setting N tunable lasers, and the preset wavelength of the tunable laser can be preset, and the preset wavelengths are mutually In unequal, the tunable laser can also adjust the wavelength of the generated light wave during the specific implementation.
- N tunable lasers After the N tunable lasers generate N independent and unequal wavelengths of light, a combined WDM is needed to The optical wave is wavelength division multiplexed, so that the combined path is an optical carrier with N wavelengths. Therefore, on the basis of one shunt WDM, it is necessary to add M combined WDMs, at 4 baseband ports, 128 antenna elements. In this case, only four combined WDMs are needed, and the combined loss is significantly smaller than the conventional fully connected BF compared to the 384 combiners in the conventional fully connected BF.
- the optical carrier module includes a tunable laser, an optical circulator, and an optical micro-resonator.
- the optical carrier module generates N optical carriers of unequal wavelengths, including:
- the tunable laser generates a light wave of a preset single wavelength
- the optical circulator transmits the optical wave to the optical microcavity cavity and blocks the light wave input to the optical microcavity cavity from being reflected back to the tunable laser;
- the optical microresonator resonates the input light wave to obtain an optical carrier having N equally spaced different wavelengths.
- the optical carrier module mentioned in the second aspect of the present application generates an optical carrier of N wavelengths, which can be realized by a tunable laser, an optical circulator and an optical micro-resonator, and a tunable laser and a tunable laser are preset.
- the preset wavelength can be preset.
- the tunable laser can also adjust the wavelength of the generated light wave.
- the tunable laser generates a preset single-wavelength light wave, and then transmits the light wave to the optical micro-optic through the optical circulator.
- the cavity and the light wave input to the optical micro-resonator are reflected back to the tunable laser.
- the output is N equally spaced optical carriers of different wavelengths.
- a shunt WDM there is no need to add WDM.
- the combined loss is significantly smaller than the traditional fully-connected BF.
- the device when the N-channel electrical signal is When the baseband electrical signal or the intermediate frequency electrical signal, the device further includes LO, N Mixers;
- the N-channel electrical signal is up-converted to obtain N-channel RF electrical signals, including:
- the LO generates a local oscillator signal
- the N Mixers respectively up-convert the N-channel electrical signals according to the local oscillator signals to obtain N-channel RF electrical signals.
- the N-channel electrical signal When the electrical signal is a baseband electrical signal or an intermediate frequency electrical signal, the N-channel electrical signal must be a baseband electrical signal or an intermediate-frequency electrical signal.
- the antenna array In order for the antenna array to radiate N-channel electrical signals, it is necessary to convert the N-channel electrical signals into N-channel RF signals.
- the specific process is to generate the local oscillator signal through the LO.
- the Mixer then up-converts the N-channel sub-electrical signals by the local oscillator signal to obtain the N-channel RF signals, so that the N-channel sub-electrical signals can be modulated by the up-conversion and can pass through the antenna array. emission.
- the apparatus further includes N power amplifiers PA;
- the antenna array Before the antenna array is formed according to the weight and phase of the N radio frequency electrical signals to form a plurality of direction adjustable beams, the antenna array further includes:
- the N PAs respectively perform power amplification on the N radio frequency electrical signals.
- each RF electrical signal needs to be amplified by a PA before being transmitted, and then subjected to k*N antenna units respectively.
- the N radio frequency electrical signals are transmitted.
- 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional sub-array connection BF
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a conventional conventional fully connected BF
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an apparatus for assigning a BF weight value provided by the present application
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of an apparatus for assigning BF weights provided by the present application.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of still another embodiment of an apparatus for assigning BF weights provided by the present application.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of still another embodiment of an apparatus for assigning BF weights provided by the present application.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of still another embodiment of an apparatus for assigning BF weights provided by the present application.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart diagram of an embodiment of a method for assigning BF weights provided by the present application.
- the present application provides a method and apparatus for BF weight assignment, which is used to reduce the power division insertion loss of BF, and avoid electromagnetic interference between the power division network and each baseband port-antenna unit channel.
- the high frequency band is considered for 5G mobile communication to increase the data rate.
- the centimeter wave and the millimeter wave band such as 15 GHz, 28 GHz, 38 GHz, 60 GHz, and 73 GHz are considered for use.
- the high-frequency band has a small wavelength, and the antenna unit for transmitting signals is small in size, so that the transceiver can integrate multiple antenna units.
- the transmission loss of the centimeter wave and the millimeter wave is much larger.
- the antenna unit for high frequency is small in size, and the directional beam is realized by arraying a plurality of antenna units, which can improve the gain of the transmitting and receiving antennas and the received signal power.
- This method is also called beamforming. Beamforming is one of the main technical methods to overcome high transmission loss. Considering the shortcomings of DBF hardware cost, high baseband computational complexity and high power consumption, this application only considers the BF which is gradually becoming the mainstream scheme of high frequency band in terms of complexity, cost and power consumption.
- the BF adjusts the amplitude and phase of each RF channel by adjusting the phase shift value of the phase shifter or the delay value of the delayer and the gain value of the adjustable gain amplifier, thereby realizing the change of the beam pointing direction.
- each baseband port is connected to all antenna sub-arrays, for example, baseband ports 1 and 2 output baseband electrical signals are converted to intermediate frequency electrical signals via LPF and AMP. Then, the intermediate frequency electric signal is up-converted into a radio frequency electric signal through the Mixer, and the power splitting unit needs to use the 1 minute N power splitter to divide into two radio frequency electric signals, and the antenna sub-array 1 needs to use the combiner to base the baseband.
- a radio frequency electrical signal of port 1 and a radio frequency electrical signal of baseband port 2 are combined, although compared with the sub-array connection BF shown in FIG. 1, the use of the same array size and the same baseband port makes better use.
- the gain of the antenna array, but the number of power dividers is large, resulting in large insertion loss, complex power division network, and electromagnetic interference to the baseband port-antenna unit channel, as shown in Table 1 below.
- the traditional fully connected BF requires 4*127 splitters and 3*128 combiners in 4 baseband ports and 128 antenna subarrays, and the combiner is also One type of power divider, so that the number of power dividers is up to 892, the power divider introduces a power input insertion loss of 7dB, and the combined insertion loss is 2dB.
- the present application proposes a use of light.
- the extended full connection BF is described in detail below with respect to the apparatus for fully connecting BF of the present application.
- an embodiment of the present application provides an apparatus for assigning a BF weight value, including:
- M optical carrier modules 301 M electro-optic modulation modules 302, M optical delay modules 303, shunt WDMs 304, N photoelectric conversion modules 305, and antenna arrays 306 having k*N antenna elements, where k, M, N is an integer greater than or equal to 1,
- An optical carrier module 301 configured to generate N optical carriers of unequal wavelengths
- the electro-optic modulation module 302 is configured to modulate an electrical signal onto an optical carrier generated by the optical carrier module 301 to obtain a modulated optical signal, where the electrical signal is a baseband electrical signal or an intermediate frequency electrical signal or a radio frequency electrical signal;
- the optical delay module 303 is configured to perform delay adjustment on the modulated optical signal generated by the electro-optic modulation module 302.
- the branching WDM 304 is configured to perform branching according to the wavelength of the modulated optical signal adjusted by the delay of the optical delay module 303, to obtain an N-channel sub-optical signal;
- the photoelectric conversion module 305 is configured to convert the N-channel sub-optical signal obtained by the shunt WDM 304 into an N-channel sub-electrical signal;
- the N-channel sub-electrical signal obtained by the shunt WDM304 is a baseband electrical signal or an intermediate-frequency electrical signal
- the N-channel sub-electrical signal is upconverted to obtain an N-channel radio frequency electrical signal
- the antenna array 306 is configured to form a plurality of directionally adjustable beams according to weighting of the amplitude and phase of the N radio frequency electrical signals.
- the transceiver in the communication device can integrate multiple antenna units, and the information in the existing mobile communication standard needs to be arrayed by multiple antenna units when transmitting.
- a directional beam is achieved.
- the device for assigning BF weights includes M optical carrier modules 301, M electro-optic modulation modules 302, M optical delay modules 303, shunt WDMs 304, N photoelectric conversion modules 305, and antenna arrays with k*N antenna elements. 306, wherein k, M, N are integers greater than or equal to 1.
- the optical carrier module 301 generates N optical carriers of unequal wavelengths, and the electro-optical modulation module 302 modulates the electrical signals onto the optical carrier to obtain a modulated optical signal, where the electrical signal may be a baseband electrical signal, an intermediate frequency electrical signal, or a radio frequency electrical signal.
- the electrical signal may be a baseband electrical signal, an intermediate frequency electrical signal, or a radio frequency electrical signal.
- the electrical signal is a baseband electrical signal, then the electrical signal is the baseband module passed.
- the baseband module may be directly integrated in the device of the present application, or may not be in the device of the present application, one baseband port is connected to one electro-optic modulation module 302; second, the electrical signal is an intermediate frequency electrical signal, and the baseband module After outputting the baseband electrical signal, the baseband electrical signal is up-converted by the Mixer, so that the baseband electrical signal becomes the intermediate frequency electrical signal; third, the electrical signal is the radio frequency electrical signal, and the baseband module outputs the baseband electrical signal, which is the baseband module output baseband charged After the signal, the baseband signal is up-converted by the Mixer, so that the baseband electrical signal becomes the intermediate frequency. Signal.
- the optical delay module 303 performs delay adjustment on the modulated optical signal
- the split WDM 304 performs splitting according to the wavelength of the modulated optical signal after the delay adjustment, since the optical carrier is N. Wavelength, then the modulated optical signal is branched to obtain N-channel sub-optical signals, and the photoelectric conversion module 305 converts the N-channel sub-optical signals into N-channel sub-electrical signals, which are baseband electrical signals, intermediate frequency electrical signals, or radio frequency electrical signals, depending on electro-optic modulation.
- Array 306 forms a plurality of directionally adjustable beams based on the weight and phase weights of the N way radio frequency signals, k*N of antenna array 306 All or part of the line unit is used to radiate N radio frequency electrical signals, thereby realizing beam transmission of an electrical signal, and an electrical signal is known to correspond to a port electrical signal of a baseband port of the baseband module, and each electrical signal is such Realized.
- the WDM split function replaces the power splitter, and the number is significantly reduced, for example, four basebands.
- the traditional full connection BF requires 508 splitter function splitter, the power loss is up to 7dB, and this solution only needs to use a WDM to achieve the split function, WDM insertion loss is generally It is 0.5dB, which can obviously reduce the power loss insertion loss, and the photoelectric conversion of the electrical signal can effectively avoid the electromagnetic interference between the power split network existing in the traditional fully connected BF and the baseband port-antenna unit channel.
- the antenna array 306 radiates N radio frequency electrical signals by k*N antenna elements according to the weight and phase weight of the N radio frequency electrical signals to form a plurality of directionally adjustable beams.
- the k*N antenna elements in the antenna array 306 must all be used for the radiation of the N-channel RF electrical signals, and the radiation is based on the weight and phase of the N-channel RF electrical signals, so that multiple directions can be formed.
- the antenna elements in the antenna array 306 of the present scheme are all used, and the gain of the antenna unit in the antenna array 306 is fully utilized to improve the capacity.
- the optical carrier module 301 includes a combined WDM 402 and N tunable lasers 401, and the preset wavelengths of the N tunable lasers 401 are not equal to each other.
- the combined WDM 402 is configured to combine N light waves of unequal wavelengths generated by the N tunable lasers 401 to obtain an optical carrier.
- the optical carrier module 301 may specifically include a combined WDM 402 and N tunable lasers 401.
- the preset wavelengths of the N tunable lasers 401 are preset, and the preset wavelengths are not equal to each other, and the tunable lasers are tunable.
- the wavelength of the light wave generated by the transformation may also be adjusted.
- a combined WDM 402 is needed to divide the wavelengths. Multiplexing, so that the combined path is an optical carrier with N wavelengths. Therefore, based on a shunt WDM305, this solution needs to add M combined WDM402, in the case of 4 baseband ports and 128 antenna elements.
- this solution requires four combined WDM402s, and the combined loss is significantly smaller than the traditional fully connected BF compared with the conventional fully connected BF384 combiner.
- the optical carrier module 301 includes a tunable laser 501, an optical circulator 502, and an optical micro-resonator 503.
- a tunable laser 501 for generating a light wave of a preset single wavelength
- the optical circulator 502 is configured to transmit the light wave generated by the tunable laser 501 to the optical micro-resonator 503, and prevent the light wave input to the optical micro-resonator 503 from being reflected back to the tunable laser 501;
- the optical micro-resonator 503 is configured to resonate the input light wave to obtain an optical carrier having N equally spaced different wavelengths.
- a tunable laser 501 is preset, and the preset wavelength of the tunable laser 501 can be preset.
- the tunable laser 501 can also adjust the wavelength of the generated light wave during the specific implementation process, and the tunable laser can be tuned.
- the light wave is transmitted to the optical micro-resonator through the optical circulator 502, and the light wave input to the optical micro-resonator is prevented from being reflected back to the tunable laser 501, and the optical micro-resonator 503 is input to the light wave. Resonance is generated, resulting in an optical carrier having N equally spaced different wavelengths.
- the device when the N-channel electrical signal is a baseband electrical signal or an intermediate-frequency electrical signal, the device further includes a LO601, N Mixer 602;
- LO601 used to generate a local oscillator signal
- N Mixer 602 is used for up-converting the N-channel electrical signal according to the local oscillator signal to obtain N-channel RF signals.
- the N-channel electrical signal when the electrical signal is a baseband electrical signal or an intermediate frequency electrical signal, the N-channel electrical signal must be a baseband electrical signal or an intermediate-frequency electrical signal.
- the N-channel electrical signals need to be separately separated. Converted to N-channel RF electrical signals. The specific process is to generate the local oscillator signal through LO601. The Mixer602 then up-converts the N-channel sub-electrical signals through the local oscillator signal to obtain N-channel RF signals, so that the N-channel sub-electric signals are up-converted and modulated. Thereafter, it can be transmitted through the antenna array 306.
- the device further includes N PAs;
- N PAs are used for power amplification of N radio frequency electrical signals, respectively.
- the antenna array 306 transmits N radio frequency electrical signals, in consideration of the attenuation of signal propagation, etc., power amplification is required, so that each radio frequency electrical signal needs to pass through a PA before the antenna unit transmits.
- the power is amplified, and the N electrical signals are respectively sent through k*N antenna units.
- the optical delay module 304 is an optical switch-based fiber ring true time delay device, an optical switch-based fiber ring true time delay device, a linear chirp fiber grating delay device, or based on The true time delay for spatial light path switching.
- the optical delay module 304 uses a photo-time delay device, and the current photo-real time delay device has Many, such as optical ring-based fiber optic ring true time delay, optical switch-based fiber ring true time delay, linear chirped fiber grating delay and true time delay based on spatial optical path switching.
- the principle of the optical fiber ring true delay device based on the electric switch is that the optical signal passes through the OTTD, and the OTTD selects the optical fiber ring of different lengths through the electrical switch according to the delay requirement, and delays the optical signal.
- optical ring-based fiber optic ring true time delay is similar to that of optical ring-based fiber optic ring true time delay.
- the difference lies in the selection of optical fiber rings of different lengths based on optical switches; the principle of linear chirped fiber grating delays Therefore, the optical signal is reflected by the linear chirped fiber grating, and the wavelengths of different reflection paths are different in length, so that the delay is also different.
- the principle of the true time delay based on the spatial optical path switching is that the optical signal passes through the controllable mirror to change the number of times the light is reflected in the space, so that the optical signal passes through different optical paths to achieve different delays.
- the electro-optic modulation module 302 is MZM
- the optical delay module 303 is a linear chirped fiber grating delay.
- the MZM when implemented, can process a high signal bandwidth and optical power, and has wavelength-independent modulation characteristics, which can better control modulation performance and modulation light intensity and phase, and can achieve a high data rate of 40 Gbit/s or more.
- the modulation is the basis for the generation of many advanced optical modulation formats. Therefore, the electro-optic modulation module 302 can use MZM, and since the phase modulation spectrum of the MZM is nonlinear, a linear chirped fiber grating delay device is required for optical delay processing. As the optical delay module 303.
- the electro-optic modulation module 302 is a PM
- the optical delay module 303 is a linear chirped fiber grating delay
- the photoelectric conversion module 305 includes an MZI 701 and a dual balanced photoelectric device. Detector 702.
- the electro-optic modulation module 302 can use the PM. Since the phase of the electrical signal is only considered when the optical signal is converted into an optical signal, and the light intensity is not considered, the optical delay module 303 adopts a linear chirped fiber grating. The delay device, when the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal, needs to use the MZI701 to convert the optical phase signal into a light intensity signal, and then uses the double balanced photodetector 702 to convert the light intensity signal into an electrical signal and cancel the noise, thereby The optical signal is modulated into an electrical signal. .
- the baseband module may be a baseband processor that the device itself has in actual application, or the signal generator may send the signal to the baseband module for processing as a port electrical signal, specifically not Make a limit.
- the apparatus for assigning BF weights in the present application is introduced in the above embodiment.
- the method of assigning BF weights applied to the apparatus will be described in detail below through embodiments.
- an embodiment of the present application provides a method for assigning a BF weight value, which is applied to the device for assigning a BF weight value as shown in FIG. 3 , and includes:
- the optical carrier module generates N optical carriers of unequal wavelengths.
- the device for assigning BF weights includes M optical carrier modules, M electro-optic modulation modules, M optical delay modules, shunt WDMs, N photoelectric conversion modules, and antennas with k*N antenna elements.
- the electro-optic modulation module modulates the electrical signal onto the optical carrier to obtain a modulated optical signal.
- the electro-optical modulation module 302 modulates the electrical signal onto the optical carrier to obtain a modulated optical signal, where the electrical signal may be one of a baseband electrical signal, an intermediate frequency electrical signal, or a radio frequency electrical signal, and specifically, Depending on the processing before the electro-optical modulation module receives the electrical signal, that is, how the electrical signal is obtained.
- the electrical signal is a baseband electrical signal
- the electrical signal is directly output by the baseband module through the baseband port, and the baseband module can be integrated.
- a baseband port may be connected to an electro-optic modulation module.
- the electrical signal is an intermediate frequency electrical signal, and after the baseband module outputs the baseband electrical signal, the baseband electrical signal is performed by the Mixer.
- the up-conversion processing makes the baseband electrical signal become the intermediate frequency electrical signal;
- the electrical signal is the radio frequency electrical signal, and after the baseband module outputs the baseband electrical signal, the baseband module outputs the baseband electrical signal, and the baseband electrical signal is up-converted by the Mixer. So that the baseband electrical signal becomes an intermediate frequency electrical signal. Since the optical carrier has N unequal wavelengths, the modulated optical signal also has N unequal wavelengths.
- the optical delay module performs time delay adjustment on the modulated optical signal.
- the optical delay module adjusts the delay of the modulated optical signal output by the electro-optic modulation module. Since the modulated optical signal has N unequal wavelengths, the optical delay module only needs to pass the electrical switch according to the delay requirement.
- the optical switch selects fiber rings of different lengths or linear calender combs, so that the modulated optical signals will undergo different degrees of delay when passing through the optical delay module.
- the shunt WDM is split according to the wavelength of the modulated optical signal after the delay adjustment, to obtain an N-channel sub-optical signal;
- the split WDM passes wavelength division multiplexing, and N unequal wavelength modulated optical signals are used.
- the shunt is N sub-optical signals of different wavelengths.
- the photoelectric conversion module converts the N-channel sub-optical signal into an N-channel sub-electrical signal.
- the N-channel sub-electrical signal is a baseband electrical signal or an intermediate-frequency electrical signal
- the N-channel electrical signal is up-converted to obtain an N-channel RF electrical signal;
- the photoelectric conversion module needs to separately modulate the N-channel sub-optical signals into N-channel sub-electrical signals, and the sub-electrical signals are baseband electrical signals, intermediate-frequency electrical signals, or
- the radio frequency electrical signal depends on the electrical signal received by the electro-optic modulation module in step 802. If the N-channel electrical signal is a radio frequency electrical signal, no processing is required; if the N-channel electrical signal is a baseband electrical signal or an intermediate frequency electrical signal, The antenna array can only radiate radio frequency electrical signals, then the N-channel sub-electrical signals need to be up-converted into N-channel RF electrical signals.
- the antenna array forms a plurality of directionally adjustable beams according to weighting of the amplitude and phase of the N radio frequency electrical signals.
- all or part of the k*N antenna elements in the antenna array are used to radiate N radio frequency electrical signals, thereby realizing beam emission of one electrical signal, forming multiple directions adjustable beams, and implementing In general, it is also necessary to perform power amplification on the electrical signal.
- the k*N antenna elements in the antenna array transmit or transmit N radio frequency electrical signals in whole or in part. Since the direction of the beam of the N-channel RF electrical signal is adjusted, the beam is oriented to complete beamforming of the electrical signal.
- the split function of the WDM replaces the power splitter, and the number is significantly reduced, for example, 4 baseband ports, 128 antenna units
- the traditional full connection BF requires 508 splitter function splitter
- the power loss is 7dB
- this solution only needs to use a WDM to achieve the split function, WDM
- the insertion loss is generally 0.5dB, which can obviously reduce the power input insertion loss, and the photoelectric conversion of the electrical signal can effectively avoid the electromagnetic interference between the power division network existing in the traditional fully connected BF and the channel of each baseband port-antenna unit.
- the antenna array radiates N radio frequency electrical signals by k*N antenna elements according to the weight and phase weight of the N-channel radio frequency signals to form a plurality of direction-adjustable beams.
- the k*N antenna elements in the antenna array 306 may be partially or completely used, and in this embodiment, all of the N-channel radio frequency signals must be used. Radiation and radiation are weighted according to the amplitude and phase of the N-channel RF electrical signals, so that beams in multiple directions can be formed. Compared with the existing sub-array connection BF, the antenna elements in the antenna array are all used and fully utilized. The gain of the antenna unit in the antenna array increases the capacity.
- the optical carrier having N wavelengths is the focus of the present application.
- the optical carrier module generates optical carriers having N unequal wavelengths, which can be implemented by N tunable lasers and combined WDM. It can be realized by a tunable laser, an optical circulator and an optical micro-resonator, which will be described in detail below.
- the optical carrier module includes a combined WDM and N tunable lasers, and the preset wavelengths of the N tunable lasers are not equal to each other.
- the optical carrier module generates N optical carriers of unequal wavelengths, including:
- Each of the N tunable lasers generates a light wave to obtain N light waves of unequal wavelengths
- the combined WDM combines N wavelength waves of unequal wavelengths to obtain an optical carrier.
- N different wavelength tunable lasers are preset, and the preset wavelength of the tunable laser can be preset, and the preset wavelengths are not equal to each other, and the tunable laser is in a specific implementation process.
- the wavelength of the light wave generated by the transformation can be adjusted.
- a combined WDM is needed to wavelength-multiplex the light waves, so that the combined path is one with N Optical carrier of wavelength, therefore, on the basis of one shunt WDM, it is necessary to add M combined WDM.
- M combined WDM In the case of 4 baseband ports and 128 antenna elements, only 4 combined WDMs are needed, and the conventional Compared to the conventional fully connected BF, the combined loss of the BF384 combiner is significantly smaller.
- the optical carrier module includes a tunable laser, an optical circulator, and an optical micro-resonator.
- the optical carrier module generates an optical carrier, including:
- a tunable laser generates a light wave of a preset single wavelength
- the optical circulator transmits the light wave to the optical micro-resonator and blocks the light wave input to the optical micro-resonator from being reflected back to the tunable laser;
- the optical microresonator resonates the input light wave to obtain an optical carrier having N equally spaced different wavelengths.
- the optical carrier module specifically includes a tunable laser, an optical circulator, and an optical micro-resonator.
- the optical circulator is a multi-port optical device with non-reciprocal characteristics
- the optical signal can transmit light waves to the optical micro-resonant cavity from a specific port with a small loss, and the optical wave reflected by the optical micro-resonant cavity
- the loss of the specific port or other ports is large, so that the light wave input to the optical micro-resonator can be prevented from being reflected back to the tunable laser, and the optical micro-resonator resonates the input light wave, thereby inputting the optical frequency comb of multiple wavelengths.
- the interval is the same, that is, the optical carrier.
- a shunt WDM there is no need to add additional combined WDM. Compared with the traditional fully connected BF, the combined loss is significantly smaller than the traditional fully connected BF.
- the above embodiments are directed to the case of a port electrical signal in a high frequency state. If the port electrical signal is an intermediate frequency signal, the processing procedure is different, as follows:
- the device when the N-channel electrical signal is a baseband electrical signal or an intermediate-frequency electrical signal, the device further includes a local oscillator LO and N Mixer. ;
- the N-channel sub-electrical signal is up-converted to obtain N-channel RF electrical signals, including:
- the N Mixers up-convert the N-channel electrical signals according to the local oscillator signals to obtain N-channel RF signals.
- the N-channel electrical signal when the electrical signal is a baseband electrical signal or an intermediate frequency electrical signal, the N-channel electrical signal must be a baseband electrical signal or an intermediate-frequency electrical signal, and in order for the antenna array to radiate the N-channel electrical signal, the N-channel electrical signal needs to be separately It is converted into N-channel RF electrical signals.
- the specific process is to generate the local oscillator signal through LO.
- the Mixer then up-converts the N-channel sub-electrical signals through the local oscillator signal to obtain N-channel RF signals, so that the N-channel sub-electric signals are up-converted and modulated. It can then be transmitted through the antenna array.
- the device further includes N power amplifiers PA;
- the antenna array Before the antenna array is formed according to the weight and phase of the N-channel RF electrical signals to form a plurality of direction-adjustable beams, the antenna array further includes:
- N PAs respectively perform power amplification on N radio frequency electrical signals.
- each electrical signal needs to be amplified by a PA before being transmitted, and then subjected to k*.
- the N antenna units respectively transmit the N radio frequency electrical signals.
- the size of the sequence numbers of the foregoing processes does not mean the order of execution sequence, and the order of execution of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not be applied to the embodiment of the present application.
- the implementation process constitutes any limitation.
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Abstract
本申请提供了一种BF权值赋值的方法和装置,用于减少BF的功分插损,避免了功分网络与各基带端口-天线单元通道间的电磁干扰。本申请实施例装置包括:M个光载波模块、M个电光调制模块、M个光时延模块、分路波分复用器WDM、N个光电转换模块及具有k*N个天线单元的天线阵列,其中k,M,N为大于等于1的整数,光载波模块用于生成N个不等波长的光载波;电光调制模块用于将电信号调制到光载波得到调制光信号;光时延模块用于对调制光信号时延调节;分路WDM用于根据时延调节后的调制光信号的波长进行分路,得到N路子光信号;光电转换模块,用于将N路子光信号转换为N路子电信号;天线阵列,用于根据N路射频电信号形成多个方向可调节的波束。
Description
本申请要求于2017年2月22日提交中国专利局、申请号为201710096070.5、发明名称为“一种波束赋形BF权值赋值的方法和装置”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本申请涉及通信技术领域,尤其涉及一种波束赋形(Beamforming,BF)权值赋值的方法和装置。
由于高频频段具有很大的带宽资源,因此高频频段被考虑用于5G移动通信来提高数据速率,例如15GHz、28GHz、38GHz、60GHz、73GHz等厘米波和毫米波波段都有被考虑用于5G移动通信的接入或回传系统。高频频段除了能够提供更大带宽之外,还具有波长很小,用于传输信号的天线单元尺寸小,因此收发信机可以集成多个天线单元。但是与小于3GHz的低频波段相比,厘米波和毫米波的传输损耗大很多。
BF是克服高频传输损耗大的主要技术方法之一,通过多个天线单元拼成阵列实现定向波束,提高收发天线的增益和接收信号功率。目前常见的BF方法有数字BF(Digital Beamforming,DBF)和混合BF(Hybrid Beamforming,HBF)。HBF因减少了基带端口、模数转换器(Digital to Analog Converter,ADC)、数模转换器(Digital to Analog Converter,DAC)及收发单元(Transmission Receiver Unit,TRU)数目,在复杂度、成本和功耗方面有所降低,逐渐成为高频频段的主流方案。现有的HBF构架主要有:1、子阵连接BF和全连接BF。子阵连接BF构架如图1所示,一个天线子阵与一个基带端口相连接,例如基带端口1的基带电信号经过低通滤波器(Low Pass Filter,LPF)和放大器(Amplifier,AMP)后,通过功分网络分为多路中频信号,多路中频信号分别经过混频器(Mixer)实现上变频,转换为射频电信号,或者,基带电信号一次变频为射频电信号,射频电信号进行功放后通过天线子阵1发射定向波束,同理,基带端口2的基带电信号也是相同的处理。传统的全连接BF构架如图2所示,每个基带端口与所有的天线子阵连接,例如基带端口1和2的基带电信号经过LPF和AMP转变为中频电信号,再通过Mixer将中频电信号上变频为射频电信号,或者,基带电信号一次变频为射频电信号,再通过功分网络分为多路射频子电信号,在天线单元之前需要利用合路器将多路射频子电信号进行合路,再通过天线阵列中所有的天线单元发射。
但是,子阵连接HBF构架由于每个基带端口仅连接一个天线子阵,不能充分利用每一个天线单元的增益,容量低于全连接HBF;而传统的全连接HBF构架在天线单元数量较多时,需要的功分器较多,例如4个基带端口,128个天线单元时,需要用到4*127个功分器,以及3*128个合路器,合路器也是功分器的一种,那么使得功分器数量高达892个,功分器引入功分插损达到7dB,合路插损2dB,而且功分网络复杂,使得功分网络与各基带 端口-天线单元通道之间的电磁干扰严重。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种BF权值赋值的方法和装置,用于减少BF的功分插损,避免了功分网络与各基带端口-天线单元通道间的电磁干扰。
本申请第一方面提供一种BF权值赋值的的装置,所述装置包括:M个光载波模块、M个电光调制模块、M个光时延模块、分路WDM、N个光电转换模块及具有k*N个天线单元的天线阵列,其中k,M,N为大于等于1的整数,
所述光载波模块,用于生成N个不等波长的光载波;
所述电光调制模块,用于将电信号调制到所述光载波上,得到调制光信号,其中所述电信号是基带电信号或者中频电信号或者射频电信号;
所述光时延模块,用于对所述调制光信号进行时延调节;
所述分路WDM,用于根据时延调节后的所述调制光信号的波长进行分路,得到N路子光信号;
所述光电转换模块,用于将所述N路子光信号转换为N路子电信号,所述子电信号是基带电信号或者中频电信号或者射频电信号;
当所述N路子电信号是基带电信号或中频电信号,所述N路子电信号经过上变频得到N路射频电信号;
所述天线阵列,用于根据所述N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,形成多个方向可调节的波束。
在工作在高频的移动通信系统中,通信设备中的收发信机可以集成多个天线单元,而且现有的移动通信标准中信息在发送时需要通过多天线单元拼成阵列实现定向波束。本申请的装置包括M个光载波模块、M个电光调制模块、M个光时延模块、分路WDM、N个光电转换模块及具有k*N个天线单元的天线阵列,其中k,M,N为大于等于1的整数。光载波模块生成N个不等波长的光载波,电光调制模块将电信号调制到光载波上,得到调制光信号,其中电信号可以是基带电信号、中频电信号或者射频电信号中的一种,具体是哪一种,取决于本申请的装置获取到该电信号之前的处理方式,一是基带模块直接输出基带电信号;二是基带模块输出基带电信号后,经过Mixer上变频至中频电信号;三是基带模块输出基带电信号后,基带电信号经过Mixer上变频至射频电信号。得到调制光载波后,光时延模块对调制光信号进行时延调节,分路WDM根据时延调节后的调制光信号的波长进行分路,由于光载波是N个不等波长,那么调制光信号分路得到N路子光信号,光电转换模块将N路子光信号转换为N路子电信号,子电信号是基带电信号、中频电信号还是射频电信号,取决于电光调制模块接收到的电信号,如果这N路子电信号是射频电信号,则天线阵列根据N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权辐射N路射频电信号,形成多个方向可调节的波束;如果这N路子电信号是基带电信号或中频电信号,由于天线阵列只能辐射射频电信号,那么N路子电信号需要经过上变频处理,处理之后得到N路射频电信号,再通过天线阵列根据N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,形成多个方向可调节的波束,天线阵列中的k*N个天线单元中全部或者部分 用于辐射N路射频电信号,从而实现了一个电信号的波束发射,已知一个电信号对应基带模块的一个基带端口的端口电信号,并且每一个电信号都是如此实现的,与现有的传统的全连接BF相比,由于本方案是对电信号进行光时延处理,那么WDM的分路功能取代了功分器,而且数量明显减少,例如,4个基带端口,128天线单元时,传统的全连接BF需要分路功能的功分器508个,功分差损达到了7dB,而本方案只需要用到一个WDM实现分路功能,WDM的插损一般是0.5dB,可见明显的减少了功分插损,而且电信号的光电转换可以有效的避免传统的全连接BF存在的功分网络与各基带端口-天线单元通道间的电磁干扰。
结合本申请第一方面,本申请第一方面第一实施方式中,
所述天线阵列根据所述N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,通过所述k*N个天线单元分别辐射所述N路射频电信号,形成多个方向可调节的波束。
在本申请第一方面中,天线阵列中k*N个天线单元可以全部或者部分用于辐射N路射频电信号,本实施例中天线阵列中k*N个天线单元必须全部用于N路射频电信号的辐射,辐射时是根据N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,所以能够形成多个方向的波束,与现有的子阵连接BF相比,本方案对天线阵列中的天线单元全部被使用,充分利用天线阵列中天线单元的增益,提高了容量。
结合本申请第一方面第一实施方式,本申请第一方面第二实施方式中,所述光载波模块包括合路WDM及N个可调谐激光器,所述N个可调谐激光器的预置波长互不相等,
所述可调谐激光器,用于生成一个光波;
所述合路WDM,用于将N个不等波长的光波进行合路,得到光载波。
光载波模块具体可以包括合路WDM及N个可调谐激光器,预先设置了N个可调谐激光器,可调谐激光器的预置波长可以预先设置,而且预置波长之间互不相等,可调谐激光器在具体的实施过程中,还可以通过调节变换生成的光波波长,N个可调谐激光器在生成N个独立的并且波长不相等的光波之后,还需要一个合路WDM将这些光波进行波分复用,从而合路为一个具有N个波长的光载波,因此,在一个分路WDM的基础上,还需要增加M个合路WDM,在4个基带端口,128个天线单元的情况下,本方案4个合路WDM,与传统的全连接BF中384个合路器相比,合路损耗明显小于传统的全连接BF。
结合本申请第一方面第一实施方式,本申请第一方面第三实施方式中,所述光载波模块包括可调谐激光器、光环形器及光学微谐振腔,
所述可调谐激光器,用于生成预置单一波长的光波;
所述光环形器,用于将所述光波传输至所述光学微谐振腔,并阻止输入至所述光学微谐振腔的所述光波反射回所述可调谐激光器;
所述光学微谐振腔,用于输入的所述光波产生谐振,得到具有N个等间隔的不同波长的光载波。
光载波模块具体包括可调谐激光器、光环形器及光学微谐振腔,预先设置了一个可生成单一波长的可调谐激光器,可调谐激光器的波长可以预先设置,可调谐激光器在具体的实施过程中,还可以通过调节变换生成的光波波长,可调谐激光器生成预置波长的光波之后,通过光环形器将光波传输至光学微谐振腔,并阻止输入至光学微谐振腔的光波反射回 可调谐激光器,光学微谐振腔对输入的光波产生谐振,输出具有N个等间隔的不同波长的光载波。在一个分路WDM的基础上,不需要增加额外的WDM,与传统的全连接BF相比,合路损耗明显小于传统的全连接BF。
结合本申请第一方面、第一方面第一实施方式、第一方面第二实施方式或第一方面第三实施方式,本申请第一方面第四实施方式中,当所述N路子电信号是基带电信号或中频电信号时,所述装置还包括LO和N个Mixer;;
所述LO,用于生成本振信号;
所述N个Mixer,用于根据所述本振信号分别对所述N路子电信号进行上变频,得到N路射频电信号。
在电信号为基带电信号或中频电信号时,N路子电信号必然是基带电信号或中频电信号,为了天线阵列能够辐射N路子电信号,需要将N路子电信号分别转换为N路射频电信号,具体过程是,通过本振器(Local Oscillator,LO)生成本振信号,Mixer再通过本振信号将N路子电信号分别进行上变频调制,得到N路射频信号,使得N路子电信号上变频调制之后,可以通过天线阵列发射。
结合本申请第一方面第四实施方式,本申请第一方面第五实施方式中,所述装置还包括N个PA;
所述N个PA,用于分别对所述N路射频电信号进行功率放大。
在天线阵列发射信号之前,考虑到信号传播的衰减等问题,需要进行功率的放大,因此每一路射频电信号在天线单元发射之前,都需要通过一个功放器(Power amplifier,PA)进行功率放大,再经过k*N个天线单元分别发射这N路射频电信号。
结合本申请第一方面第四实施方式,本申请第一方面第五实施方式中,所述光时延模块为基于电开关的光纤环真时延器、基于光开关的光纤环真时延器、线性啁啾光纤光栅时延器或基于空间光路切换的真时延器。
考虑到光真时延器具有损耗低、无电磁干扰及超宽带的优势,光时延模块采用的是光真时延器,而目前常见的光真时延器有不少,如基于电开关的光纤环真时延器、基于光开关的光纤环真时延器、线性啁啾光纤光栅时延器及基于空间光路切换的真时延器等。其中,基于电开关的光纤环真时延器的原理为:光信号经过光真时延器(OTTD),OTTD根据时延需求通过电开关选择不同长度的光纤环,对光信号进行时延处理。基于光开关的光纤环真时延器的原理为:与基于电开关的光纤环真时延器类似,区别在于基于光开关来选择不同长度的光纤环;线性啁啾光纤光栅时延器的原理为:光信号经过线性啁啾光纤光栅进行反射,波长不同反射路径长度不同,从而时延也不同。基于空间光路切换的真时延器的原理为:光信号通过可控反射镜,改变光在空间的反射次数,使光信号经过不同的光程而实现不同的时延。
结合本申请第一方面第五实施方式,本申请第一方面第六实施方式中,所述电光调制模块为MZM,所述光时延模块为线性啁啾光纤光栅时延器。
在具体实施时,马赫-曾德尔电光调制器(Mach-Zehnder Modulator,MZM)可以处理的信号带宽和光功率都较高,具有波长无关调制特性,能够较好地控制调制性能以及调制 光强度和相位,可以实现40Gbit/s以上高数据速率的调制,成为许多先进光调制格式产生的基础,因此电光调制模块可以采用MZM,而由于MZM的相位调制频谱是非线性的,那么在光时延处理时需要使用线性啁啾光纤光栅时延器作为光时延模块。
结合本申请第一方面第五实施方式,本申请第一方面第七实施方式中,所述电光调制模块为PM,所述光时延模块为线性啁啾光纤光栅时延器,所述光电转换模块包括MZI和双平衡光电探测器。
在具体实施时,电光调制模块可以使用相位电光调制器(Phase Modulator,PM),由于电信号转换为光信号时只考虑的相位,未考虑光强度,那么光时延模块采用的是线性啁啾光纤光栅时延器,在光信号转换为电信号时,使用马赫-曾德尔干涉仪(Mach-Zehnder Interferometer,MZI)先将光相位信号转换为光强度信号,再使用双平衡光电探测器将光强度信号转换为电信号,并且抵消噪声。
本申请第二方面提供一种BF权值赋值的方法,应用于BF权值赋值的装置,所述装置包括M个光载波模块、M个电光调制模块、M个光时延模块、分路WDM、N个光电转换模块及具有k*N个天线单元的天线阵列,其中k,M,N为大于等于1的整数,所述方法包括:
所述光载波模块生成N个不等波长的光载波;
所述电光调制模块将电信号调制到所述光载波上,得到调制光信号,其中所述电信号是基带电信号或者中频电信号或者射频电信号;
所述光时延模块对所述调制光信号进行时延调节;
所述分路WDM根据时延调节后的所述调制光信号的波长进行分路,得到N路子光信号;
所述光电转换模块将所述N路子光信号转换为N路子电信号;
当所述N路子电信号是基带电信号或中频电信号,所述N路子电信号经过上变频得到N路射频电信号;
所述天线阵列根据所述N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,形成多个方向可调节的波束。
在工作在高频的移动通信系统中,通信设备中的收发信机可以集成多个天线单元,而且现有的移动通信标准中信息在发送时需要通过多天线单元拼成阵列实现定向波束。本申请的装置包括M个光载波模块、M个电光调制模块、M个光时延模块、分路WDM、N个光电转换模块及具有k*N个天线单元的天线阵列,其中k,M,N为大于等于1的整数。光载波模块生成N个不等波长的光载波,电光调制模块将电信号调制到光载波上,得到调制光信号,其中电信号可以是基带电信号、中频电信号或者射频电信号中的一种,具体是哪一种,取决于本申请的装置获取到该电信号之前的处理方式,一是基带模块直接输出基带电信号;二是基带模块输出基带电信号后,经过Mixer上变频至中频电信号;三是基带模块输出基带电信号后,基带电信号经过Mixer上变频至射频电信号。得到调制光载波后,光时延模块对调制光信号进行时延调节,分路WDM根据时延调节后的调制光信号的波长进行分路,由于光载波是N个不等波长,那么调制光信号分路得到N路子光信号,光电转换模块将N路子光信号转换为N路子电信号,子电信号是基带电信号、中频电信号还是射频电信号,取决于电光调制模块接收到的电信号,如果这N路子电信号是射频电信号,则天线阵列根据N路射频电信号的幅 度和相位的加权辐射N路射频电信号,形成多个方向可调节的波束;如果这N路子电信号是基带电信号或中频电信号,由于天线阵列只能辐射射频电信号,那么N路子电信号需要经过上变频处理,处理之后得到N路射频电信号,再通过天线阵列根据N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,形成多个方向可调节的波束,天线阵列中的k*N个天线单元中全部或者部分用于辐射N路射频电信号,从而实现了一个电信号的波束发射,已知一个电信号对应基带模块的一个基带端口的端口电信号,并且每一个电信号都是如此实现的,与现有的传统的全连接BF相比,由于本方案是对电信号进行光时延处理,那么WDM的分路功能取代了功分器,而且数量明显减少,例如,4个基带端口,128天线单元时,传统的全连接BF需要分路功能的功分器508个,功分差损达到了7dB,而本方案只需要用到一个WDM实现分路功能,WDM的插损一般是0.5dB,可见明显的减少了BF权值赋值的装置的功分插损,而且电信号的光电转换可以有效的避免传统的全连接BF存在的功分网络与各基带端口-天线单元通道间的电磁干扰。
结合本申请第二方面,本申请第二方面第一实施方式中,所述天线阵列根据所述N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,形成多个方向可调节的波束,包括:
所述天线阵列根据所述N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,通过所述k*N个天线单元分别辐射所述N路射频电信号,形成多个方向可调节的波束。
在本申请第二方面中,天线阵列中k*N个天线单元可以全部或者部分用于辐射N路射频电信号,本实施例中天线阵列中k*N个天线单元必须全部用于N路射频电信号的辐射,辐射时是根据N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,所以能够形成多个方向的波束,与现有的子阵连接BF相比,本方案对天线阵列中的天线单元全部被使用,充分利用天线阵列中天线单元的增益,提高了容量。
结合本申请第二方面第一实施方式,本申请第二方面第二实施方式中,所述光载波模块包括合路WDM及N个可调谐激光器,所述N个可调谐激光器的预置波长互不相等,
所述光载波模块生成N个不等波长的光载波,包括:
所述N个可调谐激光器中每一个可调谐激光器生成一个光波,得到N个波长不相等的光波;
所述合路WDM将所述N个波长不相等的光波进行合路,得到光载波。
在本申请第二方面提到的光载波模块生成N个波长的光载波具体过程是,预先设置了N个可调谐激光器,可调谐激光器的预置波长可以预先设置,而且预置波长之间互不相等,可调谐激光器在具体的实施过程中,还可以通过调节变换生成的光波波长,N个可调谐激光器在生成N个独立的并且波长不相等的光波之后,还需要一个合路WDM将这些光波进行波分复用,从而合路为一个具有N个波长的光载波,因此,在一个分路WDM的基础上,还需要增加M个合路WDM,在4个基带端口,128个天线单元的情况下,只需要4个合路WDM,与传统的全连接BF中384个合路器相比,合路损耗明显小于传统的全连接BF。
结合本申请第二方面第一实施方式,本申请第二方面第三实施方式中,所述光载波模块包括可调谐激光器、光环形器及光学微谐振腔,
所述光载波模块生成N个不等波长的光载波,包括:
所述可调谐激光器生成预置单一波长的光波;
所述光环形器将所述光波传输至所述光学微谐振腔,并阻止输入至所述光学微谐振腔的所述光波反射回所述可调谐激光器;
所述光学微谐振腔对输入的所述光波产生谐振,得到具有N个等间隔的不同波长的光载波。
在本申请第二方面提到的光载波模块生成N个波长的光载波可以是通过一个可调谐激光器、一个光环形器及一个光学微谐振腔实现,预先设置了一个可调谐激光器,可调谐激光器的预置波长可以预先设置,可调谐激光器在具体的实施过程中,还可以通过调节变换生成的光波波长,可调谐激光器生成预置单一波长的光波之后,通过光环形器将光波传输至光学微谐振腔,并阻止输入至光学微谐振腔的光波反射回可调谐激光器,光学微谐振腔对输入的光波产生谐振后,输出的就是N个等间隔的不同波长的光载波。在一个分路WDM的基础上,不需要再增加WDM,与传统的全连接BF相比,合路损耗明显小于传统的全连接BF。
结合本申请第二方面、第二方面第一实施方式、第二方面第二实施方式或第二方面第三实施方式,本申请第二方面第四实施方式中,当所述N路子电信号是基带电信号或中频电信号时,所述装置还包括LO、N个Mixer;
所述N路子电信号经过上变频得到N路射频电信号,包括:
所述LO生成本振信号;
所述N个Mixer根据所述本振信号分别对所述N路电信号进行上变频,得到N路射频电信号。
在电信号是基带电信号或中频电信号时,N路子电信号必然是基带电信号或中频电信号,为了天线阵列能够辐射N路子电信号,需要将N路子电信号分别转换为N路射频电信号,具体过程是,通过LO生成本振信号,Mixer再通过本振信号将N路子电信号分别进行上变频调制,得到N路射频信号,使得N路子电信号上变频调制之后,可以通过天线阵列发射。
结合本申请第二方面第四实施方式,本申请第二方面第五实施方式中,所述装置还包括N个功放器PA;
所述天线阵列根据所述N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,形成多个方向可调节的波束之前,还包括:
所述N个PA分别对所述N路射频电信号进行功率放大。
在天线阵列发射信号之前,考虑到信号传播的衰减等问题,需要进行功率的放大,因此每一路射频电信号在发射之前,都需要通过一个PA进行功率放大,再经过k*N个天线单元分别发射这N路射频电信号。
图1为现有的子阵连接BF的结构示意图;
图2为现有的传统的全连接BF的结构示意图;
图3为本申请提供的BF权值赋值的装置的一个实施例的结构示意图;
图4为本申请提供的BF权值赋值的装置的另一个实施例的结构示意图;
图5为本申请提供的BF权值赋值的装置的又一个实施例的结构示意图;
图6为本申请提供的BF权值赋值的装置的又一个实施例的结构示意图;
图7为本申请提供的BF权值赋值的装置的再一个实施例的结构示意图;
图8为本申请提供的BF权值赋值的方法的一个实施例的流程示意图。
本申请提供了一种BF权值赋值的方法和装置,用于减少BF的功分插损,避免了功分网络与各基带端口-天线单元通道间的电磁干扰。
下面将结合本申请中的附图,对本申请中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
首先简单介绍本申请应用的系统构架或场景。
由于高频频段具有很大的带宽资源,因此高频频段被考虑用于5G移动通信来提高数据速率,例如15GHz、28GHz、38GHz、60GHz、73GHz等厘米波和毫米波波段都有被考虑用于5G移动通信的接入或回传系统。高频频段除了能够提供更大带宽之外,还具有波长很小,用于传输信号的天线单元尺寸小,因此收发信机可以集成多个天线单元。但是与小于3GHz的低频波段相比,厘米波和毫米波的传输损耗大很多。
为了克服高频传输损耗,一般是提高发信机的功率放大器输出功率和收发信机的天线增益。用于高频的天线单元尺寸小,通过多个天线单元拼成阵列实现定向波束,可以提高收发天线的增益和接收信号功率,该方法也称为波束赋形。波束赋形是克服高频传输损耗大的主要技术方法之一。考虑到DBF的硬件成本高、基带计算复杂度高及功耗大等缺点,本申请只考虑在复杂度、成本和功耗方面有所降低逐渐成为高频频段的主流方案的BF。BF通过调节移相器的移相值或时延器的时延值、可调增益放大器的增益值实现各射频通道信号幅度与相位的调节,从而实现波束指向方向的改变。
在图2所示的现有的传统的全连接BF的构架中,每个基带端口与所有的天线子阵连接,例如基带端口1和2输出基带电信号,经过LPF和AMP转变为中频电信号,再通过Mixer将中频电信号上变频为射频电信号,在功分网络处需要使用1分N的功分器分为两路射频电信号,在天线子阵1处需要利用合路器将基带端口1的一路射频电信号和基带端口2的一路射频电信号进行合成,虽然与图1所示的子阵连接BF相比,在相同阵列大小和相同基带端口的前提下,更好的利用了天线阵列的增益,但是功分器数量多,造成插损较大,功分网络复杂,对基带端口-天线单元通道造成电磁干扰,具体如下表1所示。
表1
从表1中可以看到,传统的全连接BF在4个基带端口,128个天线子阵时,需要用到4*127个功分器,以及3*128个合路器,合路器也是功分器的一种,那么使得功分器数量 高达892个,功分器引入功分插损达到7dB,合路插损2dB。
为了解决传统的全连接BF所造成的功分器数量多、插损大且功分网络与各基带端口-天线子阵通道之间的电磁干扰严重的问题,本申请提出了一种利用光时延的全连接BF,下面先对本申请的全连接BF的装置进行详细说明。
请参阅图3,本申请实施例提供一种BF权值赋值的装置,包括:
M个光载波模块301、M个电光调制模块302、M个光时延模块303、分路WDM304、N个光电转换模块305及具有k*N个天线单元的天线阵列306,其中k,M,N为大于等于1的整数,
光载波模块301,用于生成N个不等波长的光载波;
电光调制模块302,用于将电信号调制到光载波模块301生成的光载波上,得到调制光信号,其中电信号是基带电信号或者中频电信号或者射频电信号;
光时延模块303,用于对电光调制模块302生成的调制光信号进行时延调节;
分路WDM304,用于根据光时延模块303时延调节后的调制光信号的波长进行分路,得到N路子光信号;
光电转换模块305,用于将分路WDM304得到的N路子光信号转换为N路子电信号;
当分路WDM304得到的N路子电信号是基带电信号或中频电信号,N路子电信号经过上变频得到N路射频电信号;
天线阵列306,用于根据N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,形成多个方向可调节的波束。
本申请实施例中,在工作在高频中移动通信系统中,通信设备中的收发信机可以集成多个天线单元,而且现有的移动通信标准中信息在发送时需要通过多天线单元拼成阵列实现定向波束。BF权值赋值的装置包括M个光载波模块301、M个电光调制模块302、M个光时延模块303、分路WDM304、N个光电转换模块305及具有k*N个天线单元的天线阵列306,其中k,M,N为大于等于1的整数。
光载波模块301生成N个不等波长的光载波,电光调制模块302将电信号调制到光载波上,得到调制光信号,其中电信号可以是基带电信号、中频电信号或者射频电信号中的一种,具体是哪一种,取决于电光调制模块302接收的电信号之前的处理方式,即明确电信号是如何得到的,一、电信号是基带电信号,那么表示电信号是基带模块通过基带端口直接输出的,基带模块可以是集成在本申请的装置中,也可以不处于本申请的装置中,一个基带端口与一个电光调制模块302连接;二、电信号是中频电信号,基带模块输出基带电信号后,经过Mixer对基带电信号进行上变频处理,使得基带电信号变为中频电信号;三、电信号是射频电信号,基带模块输出基带电信号后,是基带模块输出基带电信号后,经过Mixer对基带电信号进行上变频处理,使得基带电信号变为中频电信号。
电光调制模块302得到调制光载波后,光时延模块303对调制光信号进行时延调节,分路WDM304根据时延调节后的调制光信号的波长进行分路,由于光载波是N个不等波长,那么调制光信号分路得到N路子光信号,光电转换模块305将N路子光信号转换为N路子电信号,子电信号是基带电信号、中频电信号还是射频电信号,取决于电光调制模块302 接收到的电信号,如果这N路子电信号是射频电信号,则天线阵列306根据N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权辐射N路射频电信号,形成多个方向可调节的波束;如果这N路子电信号是基带电信号或中频电信号,由于天线阵列306只能辐射射频电信号,那么N路子电信号需要经过上变频处理,处理之后得到N路射频电信号,再通过天线阵列306根据N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,形成多个方向可调节的波束,天线阵列306中的k*N个天线单元中全部或者部分用于辐射N路射频电信号,从而实现了一个电信号的波束发射,已知一个电信号对应基带模块的一个基带端口的端口电信号,并且每一个电信号都是如此实现的。
综上,与现有的传统的全连接BF相比,由于本方案是对电信号进行光时延处理,那么WDM的分路功能取代了功分器,而且数量明显减少,例如,4个基带端口,128天线单元时,传统的全连接BF需要分路功能的功分器508个,功分差损达到了7dB,而本方案只需要用到一个WDM实现分路功能,WDM的插损一般是0.5dB,可见明显的减少了功分插损,而且电信号的光电转换可以有效的避免传统的全连接BF存在的功分网络与各基带端口-天线单元通道间的电磁干扰。
可选的,本申请的一些实施例中,
天线阵列306根据N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,通过k*N个天线单元分别辐射N路射频电信号,形成多个方向可调节的波束。
本实施例中,天线阵列306中k*N个天线单元必须全部用于N路射频电信号的辐射,辐射时是根据N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,所以能够形成多个方向的波束,与现有的子阵连接BF相比,本方案天线阵列306中的天线单元全部被使用,充分利用天线阵列306中天线单元的增益,提高了容量。
可选的,如图4所示,本申请的一些实施例中,光载波模块301包括合路WDM402及N个可调谐激光器401,N个可调谐激光器401的预置波长互不相等,
可调谐激光器401,用于生成一个光波;
合路WDM402,用于将N个可调谐激光器401生成的N个波长不相等的光波进行合路,得到光载波。
本实施例中,光载波模块301具体可以包括合路WDM402及N个可调谐激光器401,预先设置了N个可调谐激光器401的预置波长,而且预置波长之间互不相等,可调谐激光器401在具体的实施过程中,还可以通过调节变换生成的光波波长,N个可调谐激光器401在生成N个独立的并且波长不相等的光波之后,还需要一个合路WDM402将这些光波进行波分复用,从而合路为一个具有N个波长的光载波,因此,本方案在一个分路WDM305的基础上,还需要增加M个合路WDM402,在4个基带端口,128个天线单元的情况下,本方案需要4个合路WDM402,与传统的全连接BF384个合路器相比,合路损耗明显小于传统的全连接BF。
可选的,如图5所示,本申请的一些实施例中,光载波模块301包括可调谐激光器501、光环形器502及光学微谐振腔503,
可调谐激光器501,用于生成预置单一波长的光波;
光环形器502,用于将可调谐激光器501生成的光波传输至光学微谐振腔503,并阻止 输入至光学微谐振腔503的光波反射回可调谐激光器501;
光学微谐振腔503,用于对输入的光波产生谐振,得到具有N个等间隔的不同波长的光载波。
本实施例中,预先设置了一个可调谐激光器501,可调谐激光器501的预置波长可以预先设置,可调谐激光器501在具体的实施过程中,还可以通过调节变换生成的光波波长,可调谐激光器501生成预置单一波长的光波之后,通过光环形器502将光波传输至光学微谐振腔,并阻止输入至光学微谐振腔的光波反射回可调谐激光器501,光学微谐振腔503对输入的光波产生谐振,得到具有N个等间隔的不同波长的光载波。在本方案一个分路WDM305的基础上,不需要增加额外的WDM进行合路,在4个基带端口,128个天线单元的情况下,与传统的全连接BF384个合路器相比,合路损耗明显小于传统的全连接BF。
可选的,如图6所示,本申请的一些实施例中,当N路子电信号是基带电信号或中频电信号时,装置还包括LO601、N个Mixer602;
LO601,用于生成本振信号;
N个Mixer602,用于根据本振信号对N路电信号进行上变频,得到N路射频信号。
本实施例中,在电信号为基带电信号或中频电信号时,N路子电信号必然是基带电信号或中频电信号,为了天线阵列306能够辐射N路子电信号、需要将N路子电信号分别转换为N路射频电信号,具体过程是,通过LO601生成本振信号,Mixer602再通过本振信号将N路子电信号分别进行上变频调制,得到N路射频信号,使得N路子电信号上变频调制之后,可以通过天线阵列306发射。
可选的,本申请的一些实施例中,装置还包括N个PA;
N个PA,用于分别对N路射频电信号进行功率放大。
本实施例中,在天线阵列306发射N路射频电信号之前,考虑到信号传播的衰减等问题,需要进行功率的放大,从而每一路射频电信号在天线单元发射之前,都需要通过一个PA进行功率放大,再经过k*N个天线单元分别发送这N路电信号。
可选的,本申请的一些实施例中,光时延模块304为基于电开关的光纤环真时延器、基于光开关的光纤环真时延器、线性啁啾光纤光栅时延器或基于空间光路切换的真时延器。
本实施例中,考虑到光真时延器304具有损耗低、无电磁干扰及超宽带的优势,光时延模块304采用的是光真时延器,而目前常见的光真时延器有不少,如基于电开关的光纤环真时延器、基于光开关的光纤环真时延器、线性啁啾光纤光栅时延器及基于空间光路切换的真时延器等。其中,基于电开关的光纤环真时延器的原理为:光信号经过OTTD,OTTD根据时延需求通过电开关选择不同长度的光纤环,对光信号进行时延处理。基于光开关的光纤环真时延器的原理为:与基于电开关的光纤环真时延器类似,区别在于基于光开关来选择不同长度的光纤环;线性啁啾光纤光栅时延器的原理为:光信号经过线性啁啾光纤光栅进行反射,波长不同反射路径长度不同,从而时延也不同。基于空间光路切换的真时延器的原理为:光信号通过可控反射镜,改变光在空间的反射次数,使光信号经过不同的光程而实现不同的时延。
可选的,本申请的一些实施例中,电光调制模块302为MZM,光时延模块303为线性 啁啾光纤光栅时延器。
本实施例中,具体实施时,MZM可以处理的信号带宽和光功率都较高,具有波长无关调制特性,能够较好地控制调制性能以及调制光强度和相位,可以实现40Gbit/s以上高数据速率的调制,成为许多先进光调制格式产生的基础,因此电光调制模块302可以采用MZM,而由于MZM的相位调制频谱是非线性的,那么在光时延处理时需要使用线性啁啾光纤光栅时延器作为光时延模块303。
可选的,如图7所示,本申请的一些实施例中,电光调制模块302为PM,光时延模块303为线性啁啾光纤光栅时延器,光电转换模块305包括MZI701和双平衡光电探测器702。
本实施例中,在具体实施时,电光调制模块302可以使用PM,由于电信号转换为光信号时只考虑的相位,未考虑光强度,那么光时延模块303采用的是线性啁啾光纤光栅时延器,在光信号转换为电信号时,就需要使用MZI701先将光相位信号转换为光强度信号,再使用双平衡光电探测器702将光强度信号转换为电信号,并且抵消噪声,从而实现光信号调制为电信号。。
需要说明的是,在以上装置的实施例中,基带模块在实际应用时,可以是装置本身具有的基带处理器,也可以是信号生成器将信号发送到基带模块处理为端口电信号,具体不做限定。
以上实施例中介绍的是本申请BF权值赋值的装置,下面通过实施例详细介绍应用在该装置的BF权值赋值的方法。
请参阅图8,本申请实施例提供一种BF权值赋值的方法,应用于图3所示的BF权值赋值的装置中,包括:
801、光载波模块生成N个不等波长的光载波;
本实施例中,BF权值赋值的装置包括M个光载波模块、M个电光调制模块、M个光时延模块、分路WDM、N个光电转换模块及具有k*N个天线单元的天线阵列,其中k,M,N为大于等于1的整数,由于与天线阵列连接的光电转换模块具有N个,那么光载波模块生成的光载波需要具有N个不等的波长。
802、电光调制模块将电信号调制到光载波上,得到调制光信号;
本实施例中,电光调制模块302将电信号调制到光载波上,得到调制光信号,其中电信号可以是基带电信号、中频电信号或者射频电信号中的一种,具体是哪一种,取决于电光调制模块接收电信号之前的处理,即明确电信号是如何得到的,一、电信号是基带电信号,那么表示电信号是基带模块通过基带端口直接输出的,基带模块可以是集成在本申请的装置中,也可以不处于本申请的装置中,一个基带端口与一个电光调制模块连接;二、电信号是中频电信号,基带模块输出基带电信号后,经过Mixer对基带电信号进行上变频处理,使得基带电信号变为中频电信号;三、电信号是射频电信号,基带模块输出基带电信号后,是基带模块输出基带电信号后,经过Mixer对基带电信号进行上变频处理,使得基带电信号变为中频电信号。由于光载波具有N个不等波长,那么调制光信号也具有N不等个波长。
803、光时延模块对调制光信号进行时延调节;
本实施例中,光时延模块对电光调制模块输出的调制光信号进行时延调节,由于调制光信号中具有N个不等波长,那么光时延模块只需要根据时延需求通过电开关或者光开关选择不同长度的光纤环,或者线性啁啾光梳,就能使得调制光信号在经过光时延模块时会进行不同程度的时延。
804、分路WDM根据时延调节后的调制光信号的波长进行分路,得到N路子光信号;
本实施例中,时延调节之后的调制光信号在经过分路WDM时,由于调制光信号具有N个不等波长,分路WDM通过波分复用,将N个不等波长的调制光信号分路为N路不同波长的子光信号。
805、光电转换模块将N路子光信号转换为N路子电信号,当N路子电信号是基带电信号或中频电信号时,N路子电信号经过上变频得到N路射频电信号;
本实施例中,由于N路子光信号都是光信号,天线阵列无法发射,那么光电转换模块需要将N路子光信号分别调制为N路子电信号,子电信号是基带电信号、中频电信号还是射频电信号,取决于步骤802中电光调制模块接收到的电信号,如果这N路子电信号是射频电信号,则不需要处理;如果这N路子电信号是基带电信号或中频电信号,由于天线阵列只能辐射射频电信号,那么N路子电信号需要经过上变频处理为N路射频电信号。
806、天线阵列根据N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,形成多个方向可调节的波束。
本实施例中,天线阵列中的k*N个天线单元中全部或者部分用于辐射N路射频电信号,从而实现了一个电信号的波束发射,形成多个方向可调节的波束,在具体实施时,一般还需要对电信号进行功率放大,这与现有技术一样,不做详细的说明,天线阵列中的k*N个天线单元全部或者部分将N路射频电信号发射出去,发射出去的N路射频电信号的波束的方向由于经过了调节,那么波束是定向的,完成电信号的波束赋形。
本申请实施例中,与现有的传统的全连接BF相比,由于本方案是对电信号进行光时延处理,那么WDM的分路功能取代了功分器,而且数量明显减少,例如,4个基带端口,128天线单元时,传统的全连接BF需要分路功能的功分器508个,功分差损达到了7dB,而本方案只需要用到一个WDM实现分路功能,WDM的插损一般是0.5dB,可见明显的减少了功分插损,而且电信号的光电转换可以有效的避免传统的全连接BF存在的功分网络与各基带端口-天线单元通道间的电磁干扰。
可选的,本申请的一些实施例中,
天线阵列根据N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,通过k*N个天线单元分别辐射N路射频电信号,形成多个方向可调节的波束。
本申请实施例中,在图8的方法实施例的步骤806中天线阵列306中k*N个天线单元可以是部分或者全部使用,而本实施例中是必须全部用于N路射频电信号的辐射,辐射时是根据N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,所以能够形成多个方向的波束,与现有的子阵连接BF相比,天线阵列中的天线单元全部被使用,充分利用天线阵列中天线单元的增益,提高了容量。
在上述图8的方法实施例中,具有N个波长的光载波是实现本申请的重点,光载波模块生成具有N个不等波长的光载波,具体可以通过N个可调谐激光器和合路WDM实现,或 者通过可调谐激光器、光环形器及光学微谐振腔实现,下面进行详细说明。
可选的,结合图4所示的装置实施例,本申请的一些实施例中,光载波模块包括合路WDM及N个可调谐激光器,N个可调谐激光器的预置波长互不相等,
光载波模块生成N个不等波长的光载波,包括:
N个可调谐激光器中每一个可调谐激光器生成一个光波,得到N个波长不相等的光波;
合路WDM将N个波长不相等的光波进行合路,得到光载波。
本申请实施例中,预先设置了N个不同波长的可调谐激光器,可调谐激光器的预置波长可以预先设置,而且预置波长之间互不相等,可调谐激光器在具体的实施过程中,还可以通过调节变换生成的光波波长,N个可调谐激光器在生成N个独立的并且波长不相等的光波之后,还需要一个合路WDM将这些光波进行波分复用,从而合路为一个具有N个波长的光载波,因此,在一个分路WDM的基础上,还需要增加M个合路WDM,在4个基带端口,128个天线单元的情况下,只需要4个合路WDM,与传统的全连接BF384个合路器相比,合路损耗明显小于传统的全连接BF。
可选的,结合图4所示的装置实施例,本申请的一些实施例中,光载波模块包括可调谐激光器、光环形器及光学微谐振腔,
光载波模块生成光载波,包括:
可调谐激光器生成预置单一波长的光波;
光环形器将光波传输至光学微谐振腔,并阻止输入至光学微谐振腔的光波反射回可调谐激光器;
光学微谐振腔对输入的光波产生谐振,得到具有N个等间隔的不同波长的光载波。
本申请实施例中,光载波模块具体包括可调谐激光器、光环形器及光学微谐振腔。其中,光环形器是一种多端口的具有非互易特性的光器件,光信号从能够从特定端口以很小的损耗将光波传输至光学微谐振腔,而光学微谐振腔反射的光波从该特定端口或以外其他端口的损耗都很大,从而能够阻止输入至光学微谐振腔的光波反射回可调谐激光器,光学微谐振腔对输入的光波进行谐振,从而输入多个波长的光频率梳,且间隔相同,即光载波。在一个分路WDM的基础上,不需要增加额外的合路WDM,与传统的全连接BF相比,合路损耗明显小于传统的全连接BF。
以上实施例所针对的都是高频状态的端口电信号的情况,如果端口电信号是中频信号的情况下,处理的过程存在不同,具体如下:
可选的,结合图5所示的装置实施例,本申请的一些实施例中,当所述N路子电信号是基带电信号或中频电信号时,装置还包括本振器LO、N个Mixer;
N路子电信号经过上变频得到N路射频电信号,包括:
LO生成本振信号;
N个Mixer根据本振信号分别对N路电信号进行上变频,得到N路射频信号。
本申请实施例中,在电信号是基带电信号或中频电信号时,N路子电信号必然是基带电信号或中频电信号,为了天线阵列能够辐射N路子电信号,需要将N路子电信号分别转换为N路射频电信号,具体过程是,通过LO生成本振信号,Mixer再通过本振信号将N路 子电信号分别进行上变频调制,得到N路射频信号,使得N路子电信号上变频调制之后,可以通过天线阵列发射。
可选的,本申请的一些实施例中,装置还包括N个功放器PA;
天线阵列根据N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,形成多个方向可调节的波束之前,还包括:
N个PA分别对N个射频电信号进行功率放大。
本申请实施例中,在天线阵列发送信号之前,考虑到信号传播的衰减等问题,需要进行功率的放大,因此每一路电信号在发射之前,都需要通过一个PA进行功率放大,再经过k*N个天线单元分别发送这N路射频电信号。
应理解,在本申请的各种实施例中,上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后,各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定,而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
以上所述,以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (15)
- 一种波束赋形BF权值赋值的装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:M个光载波模块、M个电光调制模块、M个光时延模块、分路波分复用器WDM、N个光电转换模块及具有k*N个天线单元的天线阵列,其中k,M,N为大于等于1的整数,所述光载波模块,用于生成N个不等波长的光载波;所述电光调制模块,用于将电信号调制到所述光载波上,得到调制光信号,其中所述电信号是基带电信号或者中频电信号或者射频电信号;所述光时延模块,用于对所述调制光信号进行时延调节;所述分路WDM,用于根据时延调节后的所述调制光信号的波长进行分路,得到N路子光信号;所述光电转换模块,用于将所述N路子光信号转换为N路子电信号,所述子电信号是基带电信号或者中频电信号或者射频电信号;当所述N路子电信号是基带电信号或中频电信号,所述N路子电信号经过上变频得到N路射频电信号;所述天线阵列,用于根据所述N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,形成多个方向可调节的波束。
- 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述天线阵列根据所述N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,通过所述k*N个天线单元分别辐射所述N路射频电信号,形成多个方向可调节的波束。
- 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述光载波模块包括合路WDM及N个可调谐激光器,所述N个可调谐激光器的预置波长互不相等,所述可调谐激光器,用于生成一个光波;所述合路WDM,用于将N个不等波长的光波进行合路,得到光载波。
- 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述光载波模块包括可调谐激光器、光环形器及光学微谐振腔,所述可调谐激光器,用于生成预置单一波长的光波;所述光环形器,用于将所述光波传输至所述光学微谐振腔,并阻止输入至所述光学微谐振腔的所述光波反射回所述可调谐激光器;所述光学微谐振腔,用于对输入的光波产生谐振,得到具有N个等间隔的不同波长的光载波。
- 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,当所述N路子电信号是基带电信号或中频电信号时,所述装置还包括本地振荡器LO和N个混频器Mixer;所述LO,用于生成本振信号;所述N个Mixer,用于根据所述本振信号分别对所述N路基带电信号或中频电信号进行上变频,得到N路射频信号。
- 根据权利要求5所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置还包括N个功率放大器PA;所述N个PA,用于分别对所述N路射频电信号进行功率放大。
- 根据权利要求6所述的装置,其特征在于,所述光时延模块为基于电开关的光纤环真时延器、基于光开关的光纤环真时延器、线性啁啾光纤光栅时延器或基于空间光路切换的真时延器。
- 根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,所述电光调制模块为马赫-曾德尔电光调制器MZM,所述光时延模块为线性啁啾光纤光栅时延器。
- 根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,所述电光调制模块为相位电光调制器PM,所述光时延模块为线性啁啾光纤光栅时延器,所述光电转换模块包括马赫-曾德尔干涉仪MZI和双平衡光电探测器。
- 一种波束赋形BF权值赋值的方法,其特征在于,应用于BF权值赋值的装置,所述装置包括M个光载波模块、M个电光调制模块、M个光时延模块、分路波分复用器WDM、N个光电转换模块及具有k*N个天线单元的天线阵列,其中k,M,N为大于等于1的整数,所述方法包括:所述光载波模块生成N个不等波长的光载波;所述电光调制模块将电信号调制到所述光载波上,得到调制光信号,其中所述电信号是基带电信号或者中频电信号或者射频电信号;所述光时延模块对所述调制光信号进行时延调节;所述分路WDM根据时延调节后的所述调制光信号的波长进行分路,得到N路子光信号;所述光电转换模块将所述N路子光信号转换为N路子电信号,所述子电信号是基带电信号或者中频电信号或者射频电信号;当所述N路子电信号是基带电信号或中频电信号,所述N路子电信号经过上变频得到N路射频电信号;所述天线阵列根据所述N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,形成多个方向可调节的波束。
- 根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述天线阵列根据所述N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,形成多个方向可调节的波束,包括:所述天线阵列中根据所述N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,通过所述k*N个天线单元分别辐射所述N路射频电信号,形成多个方向可调节的波束。
- 根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述光载波模块包括合路WDM及N个可调谐激光器,所述N个可调谐激光器的预置波长互不相等,所述光载波模块生成N个不等波长的光载波,包括:所述N个可调谐激光器中每一个可调谐激光器生成一个光波,得到N个波长不相等的光波;所述合路WDM将所述N个波长不相等的光波进行合路,得到光载波。
- 根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述光载波模块包括可调谐激光器、光环形器及光学微谐振腔,所述光载波模块生成N个不等波长的光载波,包括:所述可调谐激光器生成预置单一波长的光波;所述光环形器将所述光波传输至所述光学微谐振腔,并阻止输入至所述光学微谐振腔的所述光波反射回所述可调谐激光器;所述光学微谐振腔对输入的所述光波产生谐振,得到具有N个等间隔的不同波长的光载波。
- 根据权利要求10至13中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,当所述N路子电信号是基带电信号或中频电信号时,所述装置还包括本地振荡器LO、N个混频器Mixer;所述N路子电信号经过上变频得到N路射频电信号,包括:所述LO生成本振信号;所述N个Mixer根据所述本振信号分别对所述N路基带电信号或中频电信号进行上变频,得到N路射频电信号。
- 根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述装置还包括N个功率放大器PA;所述天线阵列根据所述N路射频电信号的幅度和相位的加权,形成多个方向可调节的波束之前,还包括:所述N个PA分别对所述N个射频电信号进行功率放大。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP18757569.1A EP3576314A4 (en) | 2017-02-22 | 2018-02-13 | BEAM FORMATION (BF) WEIGHT ALLOCATION METHOD AND APPARATUS |
JP2019545751A JP2020511061A (ja) | 2017-02-22 | 2018-02-13 | ビームフォーミング(bf)における重み割当てのための方法および装置 |
US16/547,432 US20190386765A1 (en) | 2017-02-22 | 2019-08-21 | Method and apparatus for weight assignment in beamforming (bf) |
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CN109327845B (zh) * | 2017-08-01 | 2022-04-01 | 中国移动通信有限公司研究院 | 一种通信方法及网络侧设备 |
FR3070102B1 (fr) * | 2017-08-08 | 2019-09-06 | Thales | Dispositif de reception optique d'un signal provenant d'un reseau antennaire a commande de phase et systeme antennaire associe |
WO2019183018A1 (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2019-09-26 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Base station antennas that utilize amplitude-weighted and phase-weighted linear superposition to support high effective isotropic radiated power (eirp) with high boresight coverage |
CN110504994B (zh) * | 2018-06-17 | 2022-04-12 | 霍一鸣 | 用于分布式相阵控多入多出系统的实用设计技术 |
CN109861759B (zh) * | 2019-03-27 | 2021-08-17 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | 基于相干光频率梳的频率分集阵列实现装置及方法 |
CN112054824B (zh) * | 2019-06-06 | 2021-07-16 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种信道测量方法和通信装置 |
CN111541510B (zh) * | 2020-04-15 | 2021-06-04 | 电子科技大学 | 一种5g前传网络的多小区波束成形方法 |
CN111740786B (zh) * | 2020-06-10 | 2022-01-25 | 电子科技大学 | 一种集成光波导波束赋形装置 |
CN115412171B (zh) * | 2021-05-27 | 2024-06-25 | 北京大学 | 一种基于光频梳和多芯光纤的大规模远距离波束赋形方法 |
CN113314846B (zh) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-04-05 | 西安电子科技大学 | 基于光携能控制的大功率可重构短波天线 |
CN116232389A (zh) * | 2021-12-02 | 2023-06-06 | 华为技术有限公司 | 波束控制装置、设备以及方法 |
CN114826354B (zh) * | 2022-04-11 | 2024-07-09 | 清华大学 | 目标感知方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质 |
WO2024055295A1 (zh) * | 2022-09-16 | 2024-03-21 | 华为技术有限公司 | 信号处理方法、装置及通信设备 |
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CN106972881B (zh) | 2019-11-22 |
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EP3576314A4 (en) | 2020-01-15 |
JP2020511061A (ja) | 2020-04-09 |
US20190386765A1 (en) | 2019-12-19 |
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