WO2018152969A1 - 铁钻工旋扣机构 - Google Patents

铁钻工旋扣机构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018152969A1
WO2018152969A1 PCT/CN2017/083018 CN2017083018W WO2018152969A1 WO 2018152969 A1 WO2018152969 A1 WO 2018152969A1 CN 2017083018 W CN2017083018 W CN 2017083018W WO 2018152969 A1 WO2018152969 A1 WO 2018152969A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
seat
rotary
guide
spinner
pin
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Application number
PCT/CN2017/083018
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙友宏
沙永柏
张一�
王清岩
于萍
赵研
高科
徐满
Original Assignee
吉林大学
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Application filed by 吉林大学 filed Critical 吉林大学
Publication of WO2018152969A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018152969A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/16—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wellhead automation device for an oil drilling industry, in particular to an iron drill screw mechanism.
  • the iron driller's rotary mechanism is a wellhead automation device that can quickly connect two drills after the two drills need to be connected, or when the first buckle of the connected drill is unloaded, continuous Spinning work.
  • many rotary buckle devices such as hydraulic tongs, require manual assisted operation, and the structure is complicated and the effect is poor.
  • Jilin University Jilin University is currently published.
  • the "CN 103132930 B” can solve the above problems, but the iron driller's rotary device adopts a triangular wedge mechanism to realize the clamping of three rotary rollers, the movement of the three rollers is related, the center position adjustment is complicated; The device adopts the rotary clamp clamp overall floating mode, the floating part has large volume and weight, and the flexibility is insufficient. At the same time, the existing rotary buckle equipment has poor adaptability to the position of the drill tool and different specifications of the drill pipe, and the adjustment is inconvenient. These factors are directly Affect work efficiency.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an iron drill rotary mechanism with simple structure, stable operation, good synchronism, reliable clamping, convenient adjustment, automatic adjustment of its position to adapt to the position deviation of the drill pipe and various specifications of the drill pipe. .
  • the present invention provides an iron drill screw mechanism, which is composed of a rotary clamp pliers, a rotary buckle column, a concave bracket, a front and rear adjustment device and an upper and lower floating device, and is characterized in that: the rotary clamp pliers
  • the utility model comprises a connecting rod frame, a fixed beam, a screw bearing, a horizontal cylinder, a rod assembly, a guiding rod assembly, a rotary roller and a hydraulic motor, wherein one end of the connecting rod is connected with the fixed beam through the first rotating shaft, and the connecting rod frame The other end is connected to the rotary support by a second rotating shaft;
  • the fixed beam is composed of a beam seat and a beam bracket fixed on the beam seat;
  • the horizontal cylinder is fixed to the link frame by the clamping cylinder seat and the short pin shaft
  • the pull rod assembly and the link frame form a parallel four-bar linkage mechanism, one end of the pull rod assembly is connected to the bottom position of the bottom of the rotary joint support through the pin shaft,
  • the pin shaft is moved back and forth along the guiding chute; the turning roller is mounted on the screw bearing by the driving flange shaft, and the driving flange shaft and the rotating roller are respectively mounted directly above and below the axis of the rotating roller
  • the driving flange shaft is connected by a bolt assembly, and the rotary roller is connected to the output shaft of the hydraulic motor through the upper driving flange shaft;
  • the front and rear adjusting device is composed of a limiting seat, an adjusting screw, a beam seat, a beam sliding plate and a slide seat.
  • the limiting seat is mounted on the beam seat, the number is two, the center of the two limiting seats is provided with an axial through hole, the axial through hole of one limiting seat is a threaded hole, and the other limiting seat
  • the axial through hole is a light hole;
  • the adjusting screw is respectively disposed in the axial through hole of the two limiting seat through the two ends of the rotating buckle column, and the external thread is arranged on the matching portion of the adjusting screw and the screw hole of the limiting seat
  • the beam slide is fixed on the beam seat, and the two are moved back and forth along the slide seat; the slide seat is mounted on the buckle column; and the upper and lower floating devices are disposed between the buckle column and the concave bracket.
  • a pin hole is formed in the connecting end of the screw support and the pull rod assembly, and the pin hole is an arc hole.
  • the number of the guide rod assemblies is one or two.
  • the number of the guide rod assemblies is two, and one end of the two guide rod assemblies are connected to the same guide pin shaft, and the two guide rod assemblies are hinged by the guide pin shaft and assembled on the beam seat.
  • the upper and lower floating device is composed of a floating cylinder ear seat and a floating oil cylinder, the floating cylinder ear seat is fixed on the rotary column, and the cylinder of the floating oil cylinder is connected with the concave bracket through the pin shaft, and the piston of the floating oil cylinder
  • the rod is connected to the floating cylinder ear seat through the pin shaft; the guide pin is mounted on both sides of the rotary column; the concave bracket is provided with a limiting groove matched with the guiding key.
  • a washer is mounted between the turn-off roller and the drive flange shaft, and the washer is a ring formed by fastening two half rings.
  • the present invention can bring the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention is provided with two sets of parallel four-bar linkage mechanisms to ensure the movement posture of the buckle mechanism.
  • the invention is provided with two hinged connecting guide rod assemblies, and is arranged on the beam seat through the guiding chutes, and the two guiding rod assemblies are synchronously moved back and forth along the guiding chute, so as to realize the two sides of the rotating buckle bearing to drive the rotating buckle roller Synchronous clamping of the drill pipe, the rotation mechanism of the rotary mechanism is good, and the clamping force is reliable.
  • the swinging degree of freedom of the rotary support can be automatically adjusted during the working process, and the drill pipe of different diameters can be automatically adjusted and can be adapted to the drill pipe.
  • the longitudinal positional offset produced within the plane of symmetry.
  • the rotation mechanism can automatically adapt to the lateral displacement of the drill rod.
  • a washer composed of two half rings is respectively installed between the rotary roller and the upper and lower driving flange shafts, and the washer can be removed without disassembling the hydraulic motor, and the rotary roller can be removed and replaced. .
  • the iron driller spin-off mechanism proposed by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, stable operation, good synchronism, reliable clamping, convenient adjustment, automatic adjustment of its own posture to adapt to the position deviation of the drill pipe and various specifications. Drill pipe.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of the iron drill fastener mechanism of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a rotary clamp of an iron drill screw mechanism of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the rotary tong of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of the iron drill screw mechanism of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a left side elevational view of the iron drill fastener mechanism of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of a clamped small diameter drill of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic illustration of a clamped large diameter drill of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing the state of clamping of the present invention when eccentricity occurs in the position of the drill.
  • the invention discloses a twisting and fastening mechanism of an iron driller, which can realize a swinging action on a drill pipe.
  • the twisting mechanism of the iron driller is a rotary buckle clamp and a rotary buckle.
  • the column 11 , the concave bracket 10 , the front and rear adjusting device 5 and the upper and lower floating device comprise a link frame 1 , a fixed beam 12 , a screw bearing 2 , a horizontal cylinder 14 , a rod assembly 26 , a guiding rod assembly 17.
  • the rotary roller 22 and the hydraulic motor 3, one end of the link frame 1 passes through the first rotating shaft 4 and is fixed
  • the fixed beam 12 is connected, and the other end of the link frame 1 is connected to the screw bearing 2 through the second rotating shaft 19;
  • the fixed beam 12 is composed of a beam seat 6 and a beam bracket 31 fixed on the beam seat 6;
  • the horizontal cylinder 14 is fixed on the link frame 1 through the clamping cylinder block 27 and the short pin shaft 28;
  • the tie rod assembly 26 and the link frame 1 form a parallel four-bar linkage mechanism, and one end of the tie rod assembly 26 passes through the pin shaft and the buckle
  • the bottom of the base 2 is connected at the bottom, and the other end of the tie rod assembly 26 is connected to the fixed cross member 12 via the pull rod pin 25;
  • one end of the guide rod assembly 17 is hinged to the intermediate position of the tie rod assembly 26 via the connecting pin 29, and the other end passes through the guide pin 15
  • the sleeve is sleeved with the guide chute on the beam
  • the limiting seat 9 is mounted on the beam seat 6, and the number is two.
  • the center of the two limiting seats 9 is provided with an axial through hole.
  • the axial through hole of one limiting seat 9 is a threaded hole, and the axial through hole of the other limiting seat 9 is a light hole;
  • the adjusting screw 18 passes through the two ends of the rotating column 11 and is respectively sleeved on the two limiting seats 9 is disposed in the axial through hole, and is provided with an external thread on the threaded hole engaging section of the adjusting screw 18 and the limiting seat 9;
  • the beam sliding plate 24 is fixed on the beam seat 6, and the two are moved back and forth along the sliding block seat 23;
  • the slide base 23 is mounted on the rotary column 11; an upper and lower floating device is disposed between the rotary post 11 and the concave support 10.
  • the cylinder and the piston rod of the horizontal cylinder 14 are respectively fixed to the two symmetrical link frames 1 through the two clamping cylinder blocks 27 and the short pin shafts 28.
  • One end of the link frame 1 passes through the first rotating shaft 4 and the fixed beam 12
  • the other end is connected to the rotary support 2 through the second rotating shaft 19, and the movement and contraction movement of the piston rod of the horizontal cylinder 14 realizes the splitting and closing action of the connecting rod frame 1, and the rotating buckle support 2 realizes the turning roller 22 Clamp and release action.
  • tie rod assembly 26 One end of the tie rod assembly 26 is connected to the rotary support 2 through a pin shaft, and the other end is connected to the fixed cross member 12 via a pull rod pin 25, and is connected to the guide rod assembly 17 through a connecting pin 29, and the link frame 1 and the tie rod assembly 26 are composed.
  • the parallel four-bar linkage mechanism, the guide rod assembly 17 is sleeved with the guide chute on the beam base 6 through the guide pin shaft 15, and the guide pin shaft 15 moves back and forth along the guide chute, thereby ensuring synchronous movement of the guide rod assemblies 17 on both sides.
  • the two side turn roller 22 is synchronized Clamping, automatic mechanical centering is achieved, and the turnbuckle roller 22 is mounted on the turnbuckle support 2 via the drive flange shaft 16, and is driven by the hydraulic motor 3 mounted above.
  • FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 are schematic diagrams showing the clamping of different diameter drilling tools according to the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the clamping state of the present invention when the drilling tool position is eccentric.
  • the knob mechanism can automatically accommodate the lateral displacement of the drill rod.
  • the pin hole of the connection end of the rotary support 2 and the tie rod assembly 26 is formed into an arc-shaped hole, which can realize the swing of the rotary support 2 within a certain angle range, and the adaptability of the rotary roller 22 to the position of the drill pipe is increased.
  • the rotary roller 22 Relying on the small angle swing freedom of the rotary support 2, the rotary roller 22 automatically adjusts the posture, ensuring reliable contact and clamping with the drill pipe, and automatically adapting to the position deviation of the drill pipe or the requirement of the multi-specific drill pipe.
  • the piston rod of the horizontal cylinder 14 is retracted, and the four-bar linkage mechanism drives the two-handed rotary bearing 2 to rotate symmetrically inward, so that the rotary roller 22 clamps the drill rod.
  • the rotary support 2 can automatically adjust its posture to make the rotary roller 22 by the swinging degree of freedom of the rotary support 2 Clamp the drill pipe.
  • the hydraulic motor 3 drives the rotary roller 22 to rotate, and the upper buckle operation is completed.
  • the shackle operation is similar to the work of the buckle operation, except that the hydraulic motor 3 and the turn roller 22 rotate in opposite directions.
  • the front and rear adjusting device 5 is composed of a limiting seat 9, an adjusting screw 18, a beam seat 6, a beam sliding plate 24 and a slide seat 23.
  • the limiting seat 9 is mounted on the beam seat 6, and the adjusting screw 18 passes through the rotating column 11 and
  • the limiting seat 9 is connected, and the rod section of the adjusting screw 18 is machined with an external thread to cooperate with the threaded hole of the limiting seat 9; the rotary column 11 is fixed, the limiting seat 9 can only be translated and cannot be rotated, and the adjusting screw is adjusted 18 can only rotate, the axial direction can not move.
  • the cross member 6 drives the rotary tongs to move back and forth along the slide base 23, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the initial position of the rotary roller 22.
  • the upper and lower floating device is composed of a floating cylinder socket 7 and a floating cylinder 8.
  • the cylinder of the floating cylinder 8 is connected to the concave bracket 10 through a pin shaft, the piston rod of the floating cylinder 8 and the floating cylinder seat fixed to the rotary column 11 7
  • the guide pins 13 are mounted on both sides of the rotary column 11 , and the concave bracket 10 is correspondingly positioned to open the limit groove 20 .
  • the hydraulic mechanism of the floating cylinder 8 realizes that the rotary mechanism floats up and down, and the action is smooth, and the control and adjustment are convenient.
  • the invention is respectively installed between the rotary roller 22 and the upper and lower drive flange shafts 16
  • the washer 21 composed of two half rings can be removed from the washer 21 without disassembling the hydraulic motor 3, and the turn-off roller 22 can be removed and replaced.
  • the iron drill rotary button mechanism proposed by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, stable operation, good synchronism, reliable clamping, convenient adjustment, automatic adjustment of its position to adapt to the position deviation of the drill pipe and various specifications of the drill pipe.

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Abstract

一种铁钻工旋扣机构被公开。该机构设有两组平行四连杆机构，保证了旋扣机构的运动姿态。该机构的两个铰接连接的导向拉杆组件（17）通过导向滑槽套装在固定横梁座（6）上，两个导向拉杆组件（17）同步沿导向滑槽前后移动，实现两侧旋扣支座（2）带动旋扣滚轮（22）同步夹紧钻杆，旋扣机构的运动同步性好，夹紧力可靠。该机构通过调整螺杆（18）调整好旋扣钳的初始位置后，工作过程中依靠旋扣支座（2）放开的摆动自由度，可以自动调整自身姿态抱紧不同直径的钻杆，并可以适应钻杆在对称面内产生的纵向位置偏移，而且当仅保留一根导向拉杆组件时，旋扣机构可以自动适应钻杆横向的位置偏移。该机构的上下浮动油缸（8）安装在旋扣立柱（11）与凹形支架（10）之间，可以调节上下浮动距离。

Description

铁钻工旋扣机构 技术领域
本发明涉及一种石油钻井行业井口自动化设备，特别是涉及一种铁钻工旋扣机构。
背景技术
铁钻工的旋扣机构是一种井口自动化设备，该设备在需要连接的两钻具准备工作完成后能够快速连接两钻具；或当卸开连接的钻具第一扣后，实现连续的旋扣作业。目前，很多旋扣设备，如液压大钳等，均需要人工辅助操作，并且结构复杂，作用效果较差；为解决上述问题，目前由吉林大学设计研制的新型铁钻工的旋扣装置公开号为“CN 103132930 B”能够解决上述问题，但该铁钻工的旋扣装置采用三角形楔板机构实现三个旋扣滚轮夹紧，三个滚轮的运动具有关联性，中心位置调整复杂；前后浮动装置采用旋扣钳整体浮动方式，浮动部分体积、重量大，灵活性不足，同时，现有旋扣设备对于钻具位置的偏差及不同规格的钻杆适应性较差，调整不便，这些因素直接影响工作效率。
因此现有技术当中亟需要一种新的技术方案来解决这一问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种结构简单，运行平稳，同步性好，夹紧可靠，调整方便，能够自动调整自身位姿以适应钻杆位置偏差以及多种规格钻杆的铁钻工旋扣机构。
为达到上述目的，本发明提出了一种铁钻工旋扣机构，是由旋扣钳、旋扣立柱、凹形支架、前后调整装置及上下浮动装置组成，其特征在于：所述旋扣钳包括连杆架、固定横梁、旋扣支座、水平油缸、拉杆组件、导向拉杆组件、旋扣滚轮及液压马达，所述连杆架的一端通过第一转轴与固定横梁连接，连杆架的另一端通过第二转轴与旋扣支座连接；所述固定横梁由横梁座与固定在横梁座上的横梁围板组成；所述水平油缸通过夹紧缸座和短销轴固定在连杆架上；所述拉杆组件与连杆架组成平行四连杆机构，拉杆组件一端通过销轴与旋扣支座底部中间位置连接，拉杆组件另一端通过拉杆销轴与固定横梁连接；所述导向拉杆组件一端通过连接销轴与拉杆组件中间位置铰接，另一端通过导向销轴与横梁座上的导向滑槽套接，导 向销轴沿导向滑槽前后移动；所述旋扣滚轮通过驱动法兰轴安装在旋扣支座上，在旋扣滚轮轴线的正上方及正下方分别安装有驱动法兰轴，旋扣滚轮与驱动法兰轴通过螺栓组件连接，旋扣滚轮通过上方的驱动法兰轴与液压马达的输出轴连接；所述前后调整装置由限位座、调整螺杆、横梁座、横梁滑板及滑板座组成，所述限位座安装在横梁座上，数量为两个，两个限位座的中心均设置有轴向通孔，一个限位座的轴向通孔为螺纹孔，另一个限位座的轴向通孔为光孔；所述调整螺杆穿过旋扣立柱两端分别套设在两个限位座轴向通孔内，且在调整螺杆与限位座螺纹孔配合段上设置有外螺纹；所述横梁滑板固定在横梁座上，二者一起沿着滑板座前后移动；所述滑板座安装在旋扣立柱上；所述旋扣立柱和凹形支架之间设置有上下浮动装置。
优选的，所述旋扣支座与拉杆组件连接端上开设有销孔，该销孔为弧形孔。
进一步，所述导向拉杆组件数量为一个或两个。
更进一步，所述导向拉杆组件数量为两个，两个导向拉杆组件的一端均连接在同一个导向销轴上，两个导向拉杆组件通过导向销轴铰接，并套装在横梁座上。
进一步，所述上下浮动装置由浮动油缸耳座和浮动油缸构成，所述浮动油缸耳座固定在旋扣立柱上，所述浮动油缸的缸筒通过销轴与凹形支架连接，浮动油缸的活塞杆通过销轴与浮动油缸耳座连接；所述旋扣立柱两侧安装有导向键；所述凹形支架上设置有与导向键匹配的限位槽。
进一步，所述旋扣滚轮与驱动法兰轴之间安装有垫圈，所述垫圈是由两个半环扣合而成的圆环。
通过上述设计方案，本发明可以带来如下有益效果：
1、本发明设有两组平行四连杆机构，保证了旋扣机构的运动姿态。
2、本发明设有两个铰接连接的导向拉杆组件，并通过导向滑槽套装在横梁座上，两个导向拉杆组件同步沿导向滑槽前后移动，实现两侧旋扣支座带动旋扣滚轮同步夹紧钻杆，旋扣机构的运动同步性好，夹紧力可靠。
3、本发明通过调整螺杆调整好旋扣钳的初始位置后，工作过程中依靠旋扣支座放开的摆动自由度，可以自动调整自身姿态抱紧不同直径的钻杆，并可以适应钻杆在对称面内产生的纵向位置偏移。
4、本发明实施中当仅保留一根导向拉杆组件时，旋扣机构可以自动适应钻杆横向的位置偏移。
5、本发明在旋扣滚轮与上、下侧的驱动法兰轴之间分别安装有由两个半环构成的垫圈，无需拆卸液压马达，即可取下垫圈，进行旋扣滚轮的拆卸及更换。
综上所述，本发明提出的铁钻工旋扣机构，其结构简单，运行平稳，同步性好，夹紧可靠，调整方便，能够自动调整自身位姿以适应钻杆位置偏差以及多种规格钻杆。
附图说明
下面结合附图及具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明：
图1是本发明铁钻工旋扣机构的主视图。
图2是本发明铁钻工旋扣机构之旋扣钳的立体示意图。
图3是本发明之旋扣钳的剖视图。
图4是本发明铁钻工旋扣机构的俯视图。
图5是本发明铁钻工旋扣机构的左视图。
图6是本发明夹持小直径钻具的示意图。
图7是本发明夹持大直径钻具的示意图。
图8是本发明在钻具位置出现偏心时的夹持状态示意图。
图中：1-连杆架、2-旋扣支座、3-液压马达、4-第一转轴、5-前后调整装置、6-横梁座、7-浮动油缸耳座、8-浮动油缸、9-限位座、10-凹形支架、11-旋扣立柱、12-固定横梁、13-导向键、14-水平油缸、15-导向销轴、16-驱动法兰轴、17-导向拉杆组件、18-调整螺杆、19-第二转轴、20-限位槽、21-垫圈、22-旋扣滚轮、23-滑板座、24-横梁滑板、25-拉杆销轴、26-拉杆组件、27-夹紧缸座、28-短销轴、29-连接销轴、30-螺栓组件、31-横梁围板。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种铁钻工的旋扣机构，可实现对钻杆的旋扣动作，请参照图1到图5所示，该铁钻工的旋扣机构是由旋扣钳、旋扣立柱11、凹形支架10、前后调整装置5及上下浮动装置组成，所述旋扣钳包括连杆架1、固定横梁12、旋扣支座2、水平油缸14、拉杆组件26、导向拉杆组件17、旋扣滚轮22及液压马达3，所述连杆架1的一端通过第一转轴4与固 定横梁12连接，连杆架1的另一端通过第二转轴19与旋扣支座2连接；所述固定横梁12由横梁座6与固定在横梁座6上的横梁围板31组成；所述水平油缸14通过夹紧缸座27和短销轴28固定在连杆架1上；所述拉杆组件26与连杆架1组成平行四连杆机构，拉杆组件26一端通过销轴与旋扣支座2底部中间位置连接，拉杆组件26另一端通过拉杆销轴25与固定横梁12连接；所述导向拉杆组件17一端通过连接销轴29与拉杆组件26中间位置铰接，另一端通过导向销轴15与横梁座6上的导向滑槽套接，导向销轴15沿导向滑槽前后移动；所述旋扣滚轮22通过驱动法兰轴16安装在旋扣支座2上，在旋扣滚轮22轴线的正上方及正下方分别安装有驱动法兰轴16，旋扣滚轮22与驱动法兰轴16通过螺栓组件30连接，旋扣滚轮22通过上方的驱动法兰轴16与液压马达3的输出轴连接；所述前后调整装置5由限位座9、调整螺杆18、横梁座6、横梁滑板24及滑板座23组成，所述限位座9安装在横梁座6上，数量为两个，两个限位座9的中心均设置有轴向通孔，一个限位座9的轴向通孔为螺纹孔，另一个限位座9的轴向通孔为光孔；所述调整螺杆18穿过旋扣立柱11两端分别套设在两个限位座9轴向通孔内，且在调整螺杆18与限位座9螺纹孔配合段上设置有外螺纹；所述横梁滑板24固定在横梁座6上，二者一起沿着滑板座23前后移动；所述滑板座23安装在旋扣立柱11上；所述旋扣立柱11和凹形支架10之间设置有上下浮动装置。
下面结合本发明所提供的铁钻工旋扣机构对其工作原理及性能做进一步说明：
水平油缸14的缸筒和活塞杆分别通过两个夹紧缸座27和短销轴28固定在两个对称的连杆架1上，连杆架1的一端通过第一转轴4和固定横梁12连接，另一端通过第二转轴19与旋扣支座2连接，通过水平油缸14活塞杆的伸缩运动，实现连杆架1的分、合动作，带动旋扣支座2实现旋扣滚轮22的夹紧与松开动作。
拉杆组件26一端通过销轴与旋扣支座2连接，另一端通过拉杆销轴25与固定横梁12连接，中间通过连接销轴29与导向拉杆组件17连接，连杆架1与拉杆组件26组成平行四连杆机构，导向拉杆组件17通过导向销轴15与横梁座6上的导向滑槽套接，导向销轴15沿导向滑槽前后移动，从而保证两侧的导向拉杆组件17同步运动，进而使两侧旋扣滚轮22实现同步 夹紧，实现自动机械对中，旋扣滚轮22通过驱动法兰轴16安装在旋扣支座2上，由上方安装的液压马达3驱动。
请参考图6、图7及图8所示，图6和图7示出本发明夹持不同直径钻具的示意图，图8是本发明在钻具位置出现偏心时的夹持状态示意图，当仅保留一根导向拉杆组件17时，旋扣机构可以自动适应钻杆横向的位置偏移。旋扣支座2与拉杆组件26连接端的销孔做成弧形孔，可以实现旋扣支座2在一定角度范围内的摆动，增大了旋扣滚轮22对钻杆位置的适应性。依靠旋扣支座2小角度摆动自由度，实现了旋扣滚轮22自动调整位姿，保证与钻杆的可靠接触及夹紧，达到自动适应钻杆位置偏差或多规格钻杆的需求。
上扣作业时，水平油缸14的活塞杆缩回，通过四连杆机构带动两侧的旋扣支座2对称地向内侧转动，从而使旋扣滚轮22夹紧钻杆。如果钻杆中心出现在对称面内的纵向偏移或更换不同直径的钻杆时，依靠旋扣支座2放开的摆动自由度，旋扣支座2可自动调整自身姿态使旋扣滚轮22夹紧钻杆。夹紧钻杆后，液压马达3驱动旋扣滚轮22转动，完成上扣作业。卸扣作业与上扣作业工作过程相似，只是液压马达3及旋扣滚轮22的旋转方向相反。
所述前后调整装置5由限位座9、调整螺杆18、横梁座6、横梁滑板24及滑板座23组成，限位座9安装在横梁座6上，调整螺杆18穿过旋扣立柱11与限位座9相连接，调整螺杆18一侧杆段加工有外螺纹，与限位座9的螺纹孔相配合；旋扣立柱11固定不动，限位座9只能平移不能转动，调整螺杆18只能转动、轴向不能移动。当转动调整螺杆18时，横梁座6便带动旋扣钳整体沿滑板座23前后移动，从而达到调整旋扣滚轮22初始位置的目的。
钻具连接和旋开过程中，钻具会产生轴向位移，因此要求旋扣钳具有上下浮动功能。上下浮动装置由浮动油缸耳座7和浮动油缸8构成，浮动油缸8的缸筒与凹形支架10通过销轴连接，浮动油缸8的活塞杆与固定在旋扣立柱11上的浮动油缸耳座7通过销轴连接，旋扣立柱11两侧安装导向键13，凹形支架10对应位置开有限位槽20。由浮动油缸8的液压力实现旋扣机构上下浮动，并且动作平稳，控制调节方便。
本发明在旋扣滚轮22与上、下侧的驱动法兰轴16之间分别安装有由 两个半环构成的垫圈21，无需拆卸液压马达3，即可取下垫圈21，进行旋扣滚轮22的拆卸及更换。
本发明提出的铁钻工旋扣机构，其结构简单，运行平稳，同步性好，夹紧可靠，调整方便，能够自动调整自身位姿以适应钻杆位置偏差以及多种规格钻杆。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种铁钻工旋扣机构，是由旋扣钳、旋扣立柱(11)、凹形支架(10)、前后调整装置(5)及上下浮动装置组成，其特征在于：所述旋扣钳包括连杆架(1)、固定横梁(12)、旋扣支座(2)、水平油缸(14)、拉杆组件(26)、导向拉杆组件(17)、旋扣滚轮(22)及液压马达(3)，所述连杆架(1)的一端通过第一转轴(4)与固定横梁(12)连接，连杆架(1)的另一端通过第二转轴(19)与旋扣支座(2)连接；所述固定横梁(12)由横梁座(6)与固定在横梁座(6)上的横梁围板(31)组成；所述水平油缸(14)通过夹紧缸座(27)和短销轴(28)固定在连杆架(1)上；所述拉杆组件(26)与连杆架(1)组成平行四连杆机构，拉杆组件(26)一端通过销轴与旋扣支座(2)底部中间位置连接，拉杆组件(26)另一端通过拉杆销轴(25)与固定横梁(12)连接；所述导向拉杆组件(17)一端通过连接销轴(29)与拉杆组件(26)中间位置铰接，另一端通过导向销轴(15)与横梁座(6)上的导向滑槽套接，导向销轴(15)沿导向滑槽前后移动；所述旋扣滚轮(22)通过驱动法兰轴(16)安装在旋扣支座(2)上，在旋扣滚轮(22)轴线的正上方及正下方分别安装有驱动法兰轴(16)，旋扣滚轮(22)与驱动法兰轴(16)通过螺栓组件(30)连接，旋扣滚轮(22)通过上方的驱动法兰轴(16)与液压马达(3)的输出轴连接；所述前后调整装置(5)由限位座(9)、调整螺杆(18)、横梁座(6)、横梁滑板(24)及滑板座(23)组成，所述限位座(9)安装在横梁座(6)上，数量为两个，两个限位座(9)的中心均设置有轴向通孔，一个限位座(9)的轴向通孔为螺纹孔，另一个限位座(9)的轴向通孔为光孔；所述调整螺杆(18)穿过旋扣立柱(11)两端分别套设在两个限位座(9)轴向通孔内，且在调整螺杆(18)与限位座(9)螺纹孔配合段上设置有外螺纹；所述横梁滑板(24)固定在横梁座(6)上，二者一起沿着滑板座(23)前后移动；所述滑板座(23)安装在旋扣立柱(11)上；所述旋扣立柱(11)和凹形支架(10)之间设置有上下浮动装置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的铁钻工旋扣机构，其特征在于：所述旋扣支座(2)与拉杆组件(26)连接端上开设有销孔，该销孔为弧形孔。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的铁钻工旋扣机构，其特征在于：所述导向拉 杆组件(17)数量为一个或两个。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的铁钻工旋扣机构，其特征在于：所述导向拉杆组件(17)数量为两个，两个导向拉杆组件(17)的一端均连接在同一个导向销轴(15)上，两个导向拉杆组件(17)通过导向销轴(15)铰接，并套装在横梁座(6)上。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的铁钻工旋扣机构，其特征在于：所述上下浮动装置由浮动油缸耳座(7)和浮动油缸(8)构成，所述浮动油缸耳座(7)固定在旋扣立柱(11)上，所述浮动油缸(8)的缸筒通过销轴与凹形支架(10)连接，浮动油缸(8)的活塞杆通过销轴与浮动油缸耳座(7)连接；所述旋扣立柱(11)两侧安装有导向键(13)；所述凹形支架(10)上设置有与导向键(13)匹配的限位槽(20)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的铁钻工旋扣机构，其特征在于：所述旋扣滚轮(22)与驱动法兰轴(16)之间安装有垫圈(21)，所述垫圈(21)是由两个半环扣合而成的圆环。
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