WO2018150825A1

WO2018150825A1 - Keyboard harmonica

Info

Publication number: WO2018150825A1
Application number: PCT/JP2018/002106
Authority: WO
Inventors: 佳孝野口
Original assignee: ヤマハ株式会社
Priority date: 2017-02-16
Filing date: 2018-01-24
Publication date: 2018-08-23
Also published as: CN110291578A; KR20190100301A; KR102259623B1; JP6724814B2; TWI648728B; JP2018132698A; TW201832220A; CN110291578B

Abstract

The present invention provides a keyboard harmonica capable of adjusting tones without the need for a complex structure. The aperture ratio of the valve packing 40 of a keyboard harmonica 1 is less than 1 for a midrange SA2 and a high range SA3. Therefore, flowing air strikes the valve packing 40 in reed chambers 10 corresponding to the midrange SA2 and the high range SA3 to change an airflow pathway R, thereby causing tones for the midrange SA2 and the high range SA3 to be mellow. Furthermore, since the shapes of the openings 41 of the valve packing 40 are modified, tones can be adjusted without requiring a complex structure.

Description

Keyboard harmonica

The present invention relates to a keyboard harmonica.

The keyboard harmonica has a free lead that corresponds to the keyboard and pitch, and when a breath is blown and pressed, an air flow strikes the free lead that corresponds to the key that is pressed, and the free lead vibrates to produce sound. . Similarly, musical instruments having free leads include harmonica and accordion. Techniques for adjusting the accordion tone are described in Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2.

Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 describe an accordion equipped with Cassoto. The accordion provided with Cassoto described in Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 includes four lead sets. A plurality of free leads are attached to each of the four lead sets corresponding to one key of the keyboard. Two of the four lead sets are placed in the same orientation as the standard accordion. On the other hand, the other two lead sets are arranged in a direction different from the standard accordion by about 90 degrees. As a result, sound from two lead sets with different directions passes through a space called Cassoto, and then goes out of the instrument. Since sounds coming from two lead sets having different directions pass through Cassoto, the sound produced by the free leads is said to be a mellow.

In the accordion provided with the Cassoto described in Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2, although the timbre can be adjusted to mellow, the structure becomes more complicated than the accordion without the Cassoto to form the Cassoto. There was a problem.

The present application has been proposed in view of the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a keyboard harmonica capable of adjusting a tone without complicating the structure.

The present specification is attached to a keyboard having a plurality of keys corresponding to a plurality of pitches, a plurality of whistle chambers having an air inlet and an air outlet corresponding to each of the plurality of keys, and an air inlet. A lead that opens and closes the air outlet, and an opening that is attached to the air outlet and allows air to pass through when the valve is open. A valve packing that seals between the air outlet and the valve in a state, and the opening area of the first opening as the opening of at least one of the plurality of whistle chambers is A keyboard instrument smaller than the opening area of the air outlet is disclosed. In this way, in the whistle chamber whose opening area is smaller than the area of the air outlet, the airflow hits the valve packing and the air flow path is changed, so that the tone is adjusted to mellow. Further, since the shape of the opening of the valve packing is changed, the tone color can be adjusted without complicating the structure.
The present specification also includes a whistle chamber having an air inlet and an air outlet, a lead attached to the air inlet, a valve for opening and closing the air outlet, and an air outlet. An opening for passing air in the open state of the valve, and a valve packing for sealing between the air outlet and the valve in the closed state of the valve, and the opening area of the opening is An instrument smaller than the opening area of the air outlet is disclosed.

According to the keyboard instrument according to the present application, it is possible to provide a keyboard instrument that can adjust the tone without complicating the structure.

It is a top view of the keyboard harmonica which concerns on embodiment. It is sectional drawing of a keyboard harmonica. FIG. 3 is a view of a keyboard harmonica from which an outer frame and a keyboard are removed, as seen from a direction A shown in FIG. It is a figure explaining the valve packing from which the aperture ratio of an opening part differs for every sound range. It is a graph which compares the sound pressure level of the conventional product and the embodiment product at the time of A # 5 pronunciation. It is a graph which compares the sound pressure level of a conventional product and an embodiment product at the time of B5 pronunciation.

As shown in FIG. 1, the keyboard harmonica 1 includes an exterior case 2, a keyboard 3, and an outlet connection portion 4. The keyboard 3 has 37 keys 30 corresponding to 37 pitches F3 to F6. At the left end of the exterior case 2, a hole (not shown) into which the cylindrical air outlet connection portion 4 is inserted is formed. The outer case 2 is made of polylactic acid ABS resin, which is an ABS resin to which polylactic acid is added. The outer case 2 has a substantially box shape with the upper side opened, and a keyboard 3 is disposed on the upper side. Here, the direction in which the keys 30 are arranged is the left-right direction. The key 30 includes a white key 30a and a black key 30b. In the following description, when it is not necessary to distinguish between the white key 30a and the black key 30b, the key 30 is described.

Next, the internal structure of the keyboard harmonica 1 will be described with reference to FIG. Inside the keyboard harmonica 1, a whistle chamber 10, an air chamber 14, and an exhaust chamber 15 are formed. The keyboard harmonica 1 has the same number of whistle chambers 10 as the keys 30. The whistle chamber 10 has an air inlet 11 and an air outlet 12. The air chamber 14 is one space having substantially the same length as the length of the keyboard 3 in the left-right direction. The air chamber 14 communicates with the outlet connection portion 4 and is disposed below the lead portion 60. The exhaust chamber 15 is disposed behind the whistle chamber 10 and communicates with the outside of the keyboard harmonica 1 through an opening (not shown) formed in the exterior case 2. A lead 63 included in the lead portion 60 is attached to the air inlet 11 of the whistle chamber 10. The air outlet 12 is provided with a valve 33 that opens and closes the air outlet 12 in conjunction with each of the keys 30. A valve packing 40 having an opening 41 (FIG. 3) through which air passes when the valve 33 is open is attached to the air outlet 12. The valve packing 40 is interposed between the air outlet 12 and the valve 33, and is separated from the valve 33 in the opened state of the valve 33 so as to allow air to pass through the opening 41, thereby opening the air outlet 12. Further, the valve packing 40 is in contact with the valve 33 in the closed state of the valve 33 so that the opening 41 is closed by the valve 33 and the air outlet 12 is sealed. When air is blown from the outlet connection portion 4 by the performer and the key 30 is pressed, the valve 33 is opened, the lead 63 vibrates by the air flow, and the keyboard harmonica 1 produces a sound.

The keyboard harmonica 1 includes an upper frame 5, a lower frame 7, a sound absorbing packing 21, a spring 22 and the like in addition to the above-described configuration. The upper frame 5 made of resin has a base 51, a first protrusion 52, and a second protrusion 53. The base 51 has a flat shape extending in the left-right direction. The base 51 is formed with a plurality of partitions (not shown) that divide the plurality of whistle chambers 10. A first protrusion 52 that extends upward from the base 51 is provided at the rear end of the base 51. A second protrusion 53 that protrudes rearward from the base 51 is formed at the rear end of the base 51. The upper frame 5 is manufactured by injection molding. The lead part 60 has a lead plate 61 and the same number of leads 63 as the whistle chamber 10. The metal lead plate 61 has the same number of lead holes 62 as the whistle chamber 10. The metal lead 63 has a flat plate shape and has a length corresponding to the pitch. The rear end of the lead 63 is fixed to the lower surface of the lead plate 61 below the lead hole 62. The lower frame 7 has a box-like shape with the top opened. Here, the space defined by the lower frame 7 and the lead portion 60 is the air chamber 14. A space behind the whistle chamber 10 defined by the outer case 2, the upper frame 5, and the lower frame 7 is an exhaust chamber 15.

The valve 33 is formed integrally with the key 30. A protrusion 32 extending rearward is formed at the rear end of the key 30. A recess 31 that engages with the first protrusion 52 is formed on the lower back surface of the key 30. Thereby, the key 30 can be rotated with the recessed portion 31 as a fulcrum. The spring 22 is hooked on the protrusion 32 and the second protrusion 53. As a result, the rear end portion of the key 30 is biased downward, and the front end portion of the key 30 is biased upward.

The sound absorbing packing 21 made of rubber has a flat plate shape extending in the left-right direction, and is affixed to the outer case 2 so as to be positioned below the exhaust chamber 15. As will be described later, the valve packing 40 has a plate-like member having openings 41 (FIG. 3) as many as the whistle chamber 10 and is attached to the air outlet 12. The material of the valve packing 40 is, for example, foamed rubber such as porous EPDM (ethylene propylene diene rubber), so-called rubber sponge. The thickness of the valve packing 40 is approximately 1 mm. The valve packing 40 seals between the air outlet 12 and the valve 33 when the valve 33 is closed.

2, in the non-key-pressed state in which the key 30 is not pressed, the valve 33 closes the air outlet 12 by closing the opening 41 of the valve packing 40. Here, even when air is blown into the air chamber 14 to generate another key 30, the valve packing 40 seals between the air outlet 12 and the valve 33, and the air outlet 12. Since the sealing degree (adhesion degree) of the valve 33 is raised, air leakage in the whistle chamber 10 in a non-key-pressed state, so-called breath leakage, is suppressed. On the other hand, in the key-pressed state in which the key 30 is pressed, the valve 33 is also rotated downward as the front end portion of the key 30 is rotated downward, and the valve 33 is separated from the valve packing 40 so as to flow air. The outlet 12 is opened, and an air flow path R from the air chamber 14 to the exhaust chamber 15 is formed in the whistle chamber 10. The air blown from the outlet connection portion 4 flows through the air flow path R. Thereby, the lead 63 vibrates and a sound is emitted.

Next, the valve packing 40 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. The valve packing 40 is manufactured by forming a flat plate-shaped member and removing the opening 41 with a punching die. Here, the 37 pitches generated by the keyboard harmonica 1 are divided into three ranges: a low range SA1 including 12 pitches, a mid range SA2 including 13 pitches, and a high range SA3 including 12 pitches. The In each sound range, the opening ratios of the openings 41 are different from each other, and the opening ratios of the low sound region SA1, the middle sound region SA2, and the high sound region SA3 are 1.1, 0.4, and 0.25, respectively. Here, the opening ratio is a value calculated by dividing the opening area of the opening 41 by the opening area of the air outlet 12. In the following description, when the openings 41 having different opening ratios are distinguished, the opening 41 in the low sound area SA1, the opening 41 in the middle sound area SA2, and the opening 41 in the high sound area SA3 are respectively referred to as the bass opening 41a, It may be called the sound opening 41b and the high sound opening 41c. As shown in FIG. 4, the opening area of the treble opening 41c is smaller than the opening area of the middle sound opening 41b.

As shown in FIG. 4, with respect to the rectangular air outlet 12, the opening 41 has a shape with rounded corners. The opening area of the bass opening 41a is slightly larger than the opening area of the air outlet 12 so as not to disturb the airflow coming out of the air outlet 12. The middle sound opening 41b and the high sound opening 41c have the same center position as the air outlet 12. Further, the opening area of the middle sound opening 41 b and the opening area of the high sound opening 41 c having a smaller opening area than the middle sound opening 41 b are smaller than the opening area of the air outlet 12. Thereby, the air flow path R of the airflow flowing through the whistle chamber 10 is changed by each of the corresponding middle sound opening 41b and high sound opening 41c. Moreover, the flow volume of the airflow which flows through the whistle chamber 10 is restrict | limited by each of the corresponding middle sound opening part 41b and the high sound opening part 41c. As a result, the sounds in the middle range SA2 and the high range SA3 that are generated from the keyboard harmonica 1 have a mellow tone. On the other hand, since the bass opening 41a does not disturb the airflow coming out of the air outlet 12, the sound due to the vibration of the lead 63 comes out straight, and the sound of the bass region SA1 becomes a tone that does not impair the force.

Note that, as a configuration for changing the air flow path R, a configuration in which the shape of the air outlet 12 is reduced instead of reducing the shape of the opening 41 of the valve packing 40 as in the present embodiment is also conceivable. However, in the case of this configuration, it is necessary to change the shape of the upper frame 5, which is more costly than changing the shape of the valve packing 40. In order to change the shape of the upper frame 5, a mold for molding the upper frame 5 is required. On the other hand, in order to change the shape of the opening 41 of the valve packing 40, a punching die for pulling out the opening 41 is required, but the punching die is less expensive than a mold for molding the upper frame 5. Therefore, the keyboard harmonica 1 can be provided at low cost.

In addition, the basic structure of the keyboard harmonica 1 is the same as the basic structure of the conventional keyboard harmonica. Therefore, since conventional manufacturing equipment can be used, an inexpensive keyboard harmonica 1 can be provided. Moreover, since it is the same as the basic structure of the conventional keyboard harmonica, the structure is not complicated, the size is not increased, and the weight is not significantly increased. The performer may perform while holding the keyboard harmonica 1. The increase in the load on the player due to the weight of the keyboard harmonica 1 is reduced.

In the present embodiment, the opening ratio of the opening 41 of the valve packing 40 has been described as three. However, as another embodiment, the opening ratio can be three or more. Further, for example, the value of the aperture ratio can be changed according to the player's preference. Since the timbre differs depending on the value of the aperture ratio, the timbre can be adjusted by adjusting the value of the aperture ratio according to the pitch, for example. As described above, it is possible to manufacture various valve packings 40 having various shapes of the opening 41 at a low cost only by changing the punching die.

Next, the effects of the keyboard harmonica 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. The characteristics shown as “conventional” in FIGS. 5 and 6 indicate the sound pressure level with respect to the frequency of the sound produced from the conventional keyboard harmonica. 5 and 6 indicate the sound pressure level with respect to the frequency of the sound produced from the keyboard harmonica 1 according to the present embodiment. The conventional product differs greatly from the keyboard harmonica 1 in the following three points. While the aperture ratio of the opening 41 in the keyboard harmonica 1 differs for each sound range, the aperture ratio of the conventional product is the same as that of the bass opening 41a in the entire sound range. The outer case 2 of the keyboard harmonica 1 is made of polylactic acid ABS resin, whereas the conventional outer case is made of ABS resin having a specific gravity smaller than that of polylactic acid ABS resin. Further, the sound absorbing packing 21 is attached to the outer case 2 of the keyboard harmonica 1, whereas the sound absorbing packing is not attached to the conventional outer case.

FIG. 5 shows the result of sounding the sound of A # 5 included in the high frequency range SA3 having a frequency of 932 Hz. Here, the arrow a indicates the frequency position of 932 Hz that is the fundamental tone, and the arrow b indicates the frequency position of the tenth harmonic. The sound pressure level of the overtone, particularly the 10th overtone indicated by the arrow b, is smaller for the keyboard harmonica 1 than for the conventional product. This is considered to be because the air flow path R is changed by the valve packing 40 and the flow rate is reduced. In general, it is considered that a sound that contains many overtones in addition to the fundamental tone is perceived as a full sound by the listener. However, if the sound pressure level in the high frequency range in the audible range is high, it may be felt as a harsh sound. In the keyboard harmonica 1, it is considered that the sound pressure level in the high frequency range is lowered, so that the listener feels the sound like a mellow and feels that the unpleasant sound in the high frequency range is softened. The mellow sound is a sound expressed as a warm sound or a mellow sound.

In addition, the sound pressure level of the fundamental tone indicated by the arrow a is higher for the keyboard harmonica 1 than for the conventional product. This is considered to be because the material of the exterior case 2 of the keyboard harmonica 1 has a higher specific gravity than the material of the conventional exterior case. It is considered that the rigidity of the exterior case 2 of the keyboard harmonica 1 is increased, the extra vibration of the exterior case 2 is reduced, and the sound pressure level of the fundamental tone is increased.

Further, although the keyboard harmonica 1 produces sound even with the lead 63 alone, the volume of the exhaust chamber 15 that is the space between the valve 33 and the outer case 2 affects the tone. Since the sound absorbing packing 21 is attached to the outer case 2 of the keyboard harmonica 1, the volume of the exhaust chamber 15 of the keyboard harmonica 1 is smaller than that of the conventional product. Further, the sound absorbing packing 21 absorbs a part of the sound emitted from the lead 63. The difference in sound pressure level distribution with respect to frequency is perceived as a timbre difference by the listener. The presence or absence of the sound absorbing packing 21 affects the difference in the distribution of sound pressure levels between the conventional product and the keyboard harmonica 1 as shown in FIG. For this reason, the timbre differs between the conventional product and the keyboard harmonica 1. Also, coupled with the effect of the shape of the opening 41 of the valve packing 40, the sound of the keyboard harmonica 1 is adjusted to a mellow tone.

FIG. 6 shows the result of sounding the B5 sound included in the high sound region SA3 having a frequency of 987 Hz. Here, the arrow a indicates the frequency position of the fundamental tone having a frequency of 987 Hz, and the arrow b indicates the frequency position of the ninth harmonic. As in the case of A # 5 shown in FIG. 5, the sound pressure level of the 9th harmonic, particularly indicated by the arrow b, is smaller for the keyboard harmonica 1 than for the conventional product. In addition, the sound level of the fundamental tone indicated by the arrow a is higher for the keyboard harmonica 1 than for the conventional product. The tone of B5 is also mellow and the basic tone is pronounced firmly.

Here, the keyboard harmonica 1 is an example of a keyboard instrument or an instrument, the keyboard 3 is an example of a keyboard, the whistle chamber 10 is an example of a whistle chamber, and the air inlet 11 is an example of an air inlet, The air outlet 12 is an example of an air outlet. The lead 63 is an example of a lead, the valve 33 is an example of a valve, and the valve packing 40 is an example of a valve packing.

As mentioned above, according to embodiment described, there exist the following effects.
The opening ratios of the middle sound range SA2 and the high sound range SA3 of the valve packing 40 of the keyboard harmonica 1 are smaller than 1. In other words, the opening areas of the middle sound range SA2 and the high sound range SA3 are smaller than the opening area of the air outlet, and therefore, in the whistle chamber 10 corresponding to the middle sound range SA2 and the high sound range SA3, the airflow hits the valve packing 40 and the air Since the flow path R is changed, the timbres of the sounds in the middle range SA2 and the high range SA3 are adjusted to mellow. In addition, since the shape of the opening 41 of the valve packing 40 is changed, the tone can be adjusted without complicating the structure of the keyboard harmonica 1.

Further, the opening ratio of the low frequency range SA1 of the valve packing 40 of the keyboard harmonica 1 is 1 or more. Thereby, the sound of the low frequency range SA1 becomes a tone color that does not impair the force. The keyboard harmonica 1 can have different timbres in the low sound region SA1, the middle sound region SA2, and the high sound region SA3.

Also, the opening ratio of the opening 41 of the high sound region SA3 of the valve packing 40 of the keyboard harmonica 1 is smaller than the opening ratio of the opening 41 of the middle sound region SA2. Thereby, the high frequency component which becomes annoying can be reduced according to the frequency of a fundamental tone.

Further, the valve packing 40 is made of rubber. Thereby, a part of the sound emitted from the lead 63 is absorbed, and the sound of the keyboard harmonica 1 is adjusted to a mellow tone.

Needless to say, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
For example, in the above description, the material of the exterior case 2 has been described as being made of polylactic acid ABS resin, and the upper frame 5 has been described as being made of resin, but is not limited thereto. The material of the upper frame 5 may also be made of a highly rigid resin such as polylactic acid ABS resin. In this way, as with the exterior case 2, it is possible to reduce the extra vibration and to increase the sound pressure level of the fundamental tone. Further, the material of the outer case 2 is not limited to polylactic acid ABS resin, and may be other resin, and is particularly preferably made of a highly rigid resin.

Further, the material of the valve packing 40 and the sound absorbing packing 21 is not limited to the above, and other soft materials may be used. In the above description, since the opening ratio of the valve packing 40 is smaller than 1, the timbre is adjusted to mellow. In addition to this, since the valve packing 40 is made of rubber sponge, the valve packing 40 absorbs part of the sound from the lead 63 and the timbre is affected by the portion in the opening of the air outlet 12 of the valve packing 40. It is also possible that Therefore, the material of the valve packing 40 is preferably a material with high sound absorption. Since the keyboard harmonica 1 is breathed into a person including water vapor, the exterior case 2 is in a high humidity state. Therefore, the material of the valve packing 40 and the sound absorbing packing 21 is preferably moisture resistant.

Moreover, although the thickness of the valve packing 40 has been described as being approximately 1 mm, the thickness is not limited to this. The thickness is preferably about 0.5 mm to 2 mm. Moreover, the thickness of the sound absorbing packing 21 is preferably set to a thickness that does not interfere with the rotating valve 33.

Further, the opening ratio of the opening 41 of the valve packing 40 is not limited to three, and may be two or less. Moreover, the valve packing 40 affixed on the keyboard harmonica 1 is not limited to one, It is good also as a structure where the valve packing 40 divided | segmented into plurality is affixed.
Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the keyboard harmonica was demonstrated as an application example, it is also possible to apply to a keyboard musical instrument provided with a keyboard like an accordion other than a keyboard harmonica, for example. In addition to keyboard instruments, the present invention can also be applied to musical instruments including a whistle chamber, reed, valve, and valve packing.

1 keyboard harmonica 3 keyboard 10 whistle chamber 11 air inlet 12 air outlet 33 valve 40 valve packing 41 opening 63 lead

Claims

A keyboard having a plurality of keys corresponding to a plurality of pitches;
A plurality of whistle chambers having an air inlet and an air outlet corresponding to each of the plurality of keys;
A lead attached to the air inlet;
In conjunction with each of the plurality of keys, a valve for opening and closing the air outlet,
A valve packing attached to the air outlet, having an opening through which air passes when the valve is open, and sealing between the air outlet and the valve when the valve is closed;
A keyboard instrument, wherein an opening area of a first opening as the opening of at least one of the plurality of whistle chambers is smaller than an opening area of the air outlet.
The opening area of a second opening different from the first opening in the opening of at least one of the plurality of whistle chambers is smaller than the opening area of the first opening. Item 1. The keyboard instrument according to item 1.
3. The keyboard according to claim 2, wherein a pitch of a key corresponding to the second opening of the plurality of keys is higher than a pitch of a key corresponding to the first opening of the plurality of keys. Musical instrument.
An opening area of a third opening that is the opening of at least one of the plurality of whistle chambers, which is different from the first opening and the second opening, is the opening of the air outlet. The keyboard instrument according to claim 1, wherein the keyboard instrument is larger than the area.
The plurality of whistle chambers corresponding to the plurality of first openings and the second opening respectively correspond to higher sound ranges than the at least one whistle chamber corresponding to the third opening. Item 5. The keyboard instrument according to item 4.
The keyboard instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the valve packing is made of rubber.
A whistle chamber having an air inlet and an air outlet;
A lead attached to the air inlet;
A valve for opening and closing the air outlet;
A valve packing attached to the air outlet, having an opening through which air passes when the valve is open, and sealing between the air outlet and the valve when the valve is closed;
An instrument in which an opening area of the opening is smaller than an opening area of the air outlet.