TWI648728B - Tone - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a mouth organ which can adjust the tone color without complicating the structure. The opening ratio of the sound range SA2 and the high range SA3 in the valve pad member 40 of the harmonica 1 is less than 1. Therefore, in the flute chamber 10 corresponding to the middle range SA2 and the high range SA3, the air flow collides with the valve pad 40 and the air flow path R is changed, so the tone of the sounds of the middle range SA2 and the high range SA3 is adjusted to be soft Plump. In addition, since the shape of the opening portion 41 of the valve pad 40 is changed, the tone color can be adjusted without complicating the structure.

Description

Tone

The present invention relates to a harmonica player.

The harmonica is provided with a keyboard and a free reed corresponding to the pitch. If air is blown and the keys are pressed, the air flow collides with the free reed corresponding to the key pressed, and the free reed vibrates to produce a sound. Similarly, instruments with free reeds include accordions and accordions. Techniques for adjusting the tone of the accordion are described in Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2.

Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 describe an accordion including an echo reed box (Cassotto). The accordion provided with an echo reed case described in Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 includes four reed sets. For each of the four reed sets, a plurality of free reeds are installed corresponding to one key of the keyboard. Two of the four reed sets have the same orientation as the standard accordion. On the other hand, the orientation of the other two reed sets differs from that of the standard accordion by approximately 90 degrees. Thereby, the sound emitted from the two different reed sets passes through a space called an echo reed box, and then is emitted outside the musical instrument. The sound emitted from two different reed sets passes through the echo reed box, so the sound emitted by the free reed becomes soft and rich.

[Prior technical literature] [Non-patent literature]

[Non-Patent Document 1] "Cassotto Accordion", [online], [Retrieved December 21, 2008] Internet <http://www.mick-hursey.co.uk/accordions/cassotto-accordion/>

[Non-Patent Document 2] "All About the Instrument", [online], [Search on December 21, 2008] Internet <http://www.accordions.co.uk/All%20About%20the%20Instrument. htm>

In the accordions provided with an echo reed case described in Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2, although the tone can be adjusted to be soft and rich, there are some cases where the structure is less equipped with an echo reed case to form an echo reed case. Accordions are more complicated.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object thereof is to provide a harmonica that can adjust the tone without complicating the structure.

This specification discloses a keyboard musical instrument including: a keyboard having a plurality of keys corresponding to a plurality of pitches; a plurality of flutes having an air flow inlet and an air flow outlet corresponding to each of the plurality of keys; a spring Sheet, which is installed at the air flow inlet; a valve, which is linked to each of a plurality of keys, to open and close the air flow outlet; and a valve pad, which is installed at the air flow outlet and is in an open state of the valve The opening through which air passes, seals between the air outlet and the valve in the closed state of the valve, and serves as an opening of a first opening of the opening of at least one of the plurality of flutes. The area is smaller than the opening area of the air outlet. In this way, in the flute chamber with an opening area smaller than the area of the air outlet, the air flow path is changed due to the collision of the air flow with the valve pad, so the sound color is adjusted to be soft and rich. In addition, since the shape of the opening portion of the valve pad is changed, the tone color can be adjusted without complicating the structure.

In addition, the present specification discloses a musical instrument including a flute chamber having an air inlet and an air outlet, a reed attached to the air inlet, and a valve performing the air outlet. Opening and closing; and a valve pad, which is installed on the air outlet, has an opening through which air passes when the valve is open, and seals between the air outlet and the valve in the closed state of the valve, The opening area of the opening is smaller than the opening area of the air outlet.

According to the keyboard musical instrument of the present case, it is possible to provide a keyboard musical instrument capable of adjusting timbre without complicating the structure.

1‧‧‧mouth organ

2‧‧‧ Outer casing

3‧‧‧ keyboard

4‧‧‧ mouthpiece connection

5‧‧‧ Upper frame

7‧‧‧ frame

10‧‧‧Flute Room

11‧‧‧air inlet

12‧‧‧air outlet

14‧‧‧ air chamber

15‧‧‧Exhaust chamber

21‧‧‧ sound-absorbing pad

22‧‧‧Spring

30‧‧‧ key

30a‧‧‧White key

30b‧‧‧black key

31‧‧‧ recess

32‧‧‧ protrusion

33‧‧‧ Valve

40‧‧‧Valve gasket

41‧‧‧ opening

41‧‧‧ opening

41a‧‧‧Bass opening

41b‧‧‧ Alto opening

41c‧‧‧Treble opening

51‧‧‧ base

52‧‧‧The first protrusion

53‧‧‧ 2nd protrusion

60‧‧‧Reed Department

61‧‧‧Reed plate

62‧‧‧ Reed hole

63‧‧‧ reed

R‧‧‧air flow path

SA1‧‧‧Bass range

SA2‧‧‧Middle Range

SA3‧‧‧treble range

FIG. 1 is a top view of the organ according to the embodiment.

Figure 2 is a sectional view of the harmonica.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of the harmonica viewed from the direction A shown in FIG. 2 with the upper frame simplified and the removable frame and keyboard removed.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a valve pad having an opening ratio of an opening portion different in each sound range.

FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the sound pressure levels of the previous product and the product of the embodiment in the pronunciation of A # 5.

FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the sound pressure levels of the previous product and the product of the embodiment when B5 is pronounced.

As shown in FIG. 1, the harmonica 1 includes an exterior case 2, a keyboard 3, a mouthpiece connection portion 4, and the like. The keyboard 3 has 37 keys 30 corresponding to 37 pitches of F3 to F6. A hole (not shown) is formed at the left end of the exterior case 2 for insertion of a cylindrical mouthpiece connection portion 4. The exterior case 2 is made of polylactic acid ABS resin, which is an ABS resin to which polylactic acid is added. The exterior case 2 has a substantially box shape which is opened upward, and a keyboard 3 is arranged above. Here, the direction in which the keys 30 are arranged is the left-right direction. The keys 30 include a white key 30a and a black key 30b. In the following description, when it is not necessary to distinguish between the white key 30a and the black key 30b, it is described as the key 30.

Next, the internal structure of the harmonica 1 will be described using FIG. 2. Inside the Accordion 1 A flute chamber 10, an air chamber 14, and an exhaust chamber 15 are formed. The tone organ 1 is formed with the flute chambers 10 of the same number as the keys 30. The flute chamber 10 has an air inlet 11 and an air outlet 12. The air chamber 14 has a space approximately the same length as the length of the keyboard 3 in the left-right direction. The air chamber 14 communicates with the mouthpiece connection portion 4 and is disposed below the reed portion 60. The exhaust chamber 15 is arranged behind the flute chamber 10 and communicates with the outside of the harmonica 1 through an opening (not shown) formed in the exterior case 2. A reed 63 included in the reed portion 60 is attached to the air inlet 11 of the flute chamber 10. A valve 33 is provided in the air outflow port 12, and it is linked with each of the keys 30 to open and close the air outflow port 12. A valve pad 40 is attached to the air outlet 12 and has an opening 41 (FIG. 3) through which air passes when the valve 33 is opened. The valve pad 40 is interposed between the air outflow port 12 and the valve 33, and leaves the valve 33 when the valve 33 is opened, so that the opening portion 41 passes through the air, and the air outflow port 12 is opened. In addition, the valve pad 40 abuts on the valve 33 in the closed state of the valve 33, so that the opening portion 41 is blocked by the valve 33, and the air outlet 12 is sealed. When the player blows in air from the mouthpiece connection portion 4 and presses the key 30, the valve 33 opens, the reed 63 vibrates due to the air flow, and the mouth organ 1 emits a sound.

The harmonica 1 includes an upper frame 5, a lower frame 7, a sound absorbing pad 21, a spring 22, and the like in addition to the above-mentioned configuration. The resin upper frame 5 includes a base portion 51, a first protruding portion 52, and a second protruding portion 53. The base portion 51 has a flat plate shape extending in the left-right direction. A plurality of partitions (not shown) defining a plurality of flutes 10 are formed on the base portion 51. A first protruding portion 52 extending upward from the base portion 51 is provided at the rear end of the base portion 51. A second protruding portion 53 is provided at the rear end of the base portion 51 and projects rearward from the base portion 51. The upper frame 5 is manufactured by injection molding. The reed portion 60 includes a reed plate 61 and the same number of reeds 63 as the flute chamber 10. The metal reed plate 61 is formed with the same number of reed holes 62 as the flute chamber 10. The metal reed 63 is flat and has a length corresponding to a pitch. The reed 63 is below the reed hole 62, and the rear end portion is fixed to the lower surface of the reed plate 61. The lower frame 7 has a box-like shape opened upward. Here, the space partitioned by the lower frame 7 and the reed 60 is an air chamber 14. by The space behind the flute chamber 10 divided by the exterior casing 2, the upper frame 5 and the lower frame 7 is an exhaust chamber 15.

The valve 33 is formed integrally with the key 30. A protrusion 32 extending rearward is formed at the rear end of the key 30. A recessed portion 31 that is engaged with the first protruding portion 52 is formed on the lower surface behind the key 30. Thereby, the key 30 can be rotated by the recessed part 31 as a fulcrum. A spring 22 is hooked on the protrusion 32 and the second protrusion 53. Thereby, the rear end portion of the key 30 is energized downward, and the front end portion of the key 30 is energized upward.

The rubber sound-absorbing pad 21 has a flat plate shape extending in the left-right direction, and is attached to the exterior case 2 so as to be located below the exhaust chamber 15. As described later, the valve pad 40 is formed in the flat member with the same number of openings 41 (FIG. 3) as the flute chamber 10, and is attached to the air outlet 12. The material of the valve pad 40 is, for example, a foamed rubber such as porous EPDM (ethylene propylene diene rubber), a so-called rubber sponge. The thickness of the valve pad 40 is about 1 mm. The valve pad 40 seals between the air outlet 12 and the valve 33 in the closed state of the valve 33.

In the non-pressing state where the key 30 is not pressed as shown in FIG. 2, the valve 33 closes the opening 41 of the valve pad 40 to seal the air outlet 12. Here, since the other key 30 is pronounced, even when air is blown into the air chamber 14, the valve packing 40 seals between the air outlet 12 and the valve 33, and the tightness of the valve 33 to the air outlet 12 (Adhesion) is improved, so that it is possible to suppress the air leakage of the flute chamber 10 in a non-pressing state, so-called breath leakage. On the other hand, when the key 30 is pressed, the front end of the key 30 is rotated downward, and the valve 33 is also rotated downward. The valve 33 is separated from the valve pad 40 and the air outlet 12 is opened. An air flow path R is formed in the flute chamber 10 from the air chamber 14 to the exhaust chamber 15. The air blown from the mouthpiece connection part 4 flows through the air flow path R. Thereby, the reed 63 vibrates and emits a sound.

Next, the valve pad 40 will be described in detail using FIG. 3. The valve pad 40 is manufactured by punching the formed flat plate-shaped member out of the opening 41 with a die. Here, the 37 pitches of the tone 1 are divided into a low range SA1 including 12 pitches and a middle range SA2 including 13 pitches. And 3 of SA3 with 12 pitches. The opening ratios of the openings 41 are different from each other in each of the sound ranges, and the opening ratios of the low range SA1, the middle range SA2, and the high range SA3 are 1.1, 0.4, and 0.25, respectively. The opening ratio here is a value calculated by dividing the opening area of the opening portion 41 by the opening area of the air outlet 12. In the following description, when distinguishing the openings 41 having different aperture ratios, the openings 41 in the low-frequency range SA1, the openings 41 in the middle-frequency range SA2, and the openings 41 in the high-frequency range SA3 are referred to as low-frequency openings 41a, In the case of the middle opening portion 41b and the treble opening portion 41c. As shown in FIG. 4, the opening area of the treble opening portion 41 c is smaller than the opening area of the mid-tone opening portion 41 b.

As shown in FIG. 4, the opening portion 41 has a shape in which a corner of a rectangle is rounded with respect to the rectangular air outlet 12. The opening area of the bass opening portion 41 a is slightly larger than the opening area of the air outflow port 12 so as not to hinder the airflow from the air outflow port 12. The center positions of the mid-tone opening portion 41 b and the treble opening portion 41 c are the same as those of the air outlet 12. The opening area and opening area of the mid-tone opening portion 41 b are smaller than the opening area of the treble opening portion 41 c of the mid-tone opening portion 41 b. Thereby, the air flow path R of the airflow flowing in the flute chamber 10 is changed by each of the corresponding middle opening portion 41b and the high opening portion 41c. The flow rate of the airflow flowing through the flute chamber 10 is restricted by each of the corresponding middle opening portion 41b and the high opening portion 41c. As a result, the sounds of SA2 and SA3 in the tone of Harmony 1 become soft and rich. On the other hand, since the bass opening 41a does not obstruct the airflow flowing from the air outlet 12, the sound generated by the vibration of the reed 63 is directly emitted, so that the sound in the bass range SA1 becomes a non-destructive tone.

In addition, as a configuration for changing the air flow path R, not only the shape of the opening portion 41 of the reducing valve pad 40 in this embodiment, but also the configuration of reducing the shape of the air outlet 12 is considered. However, in the case of this configuration, it is necessary to change the shape of the upper frame 5, which is more costly than changing the shape of the valve pad 40. When the shape of the upper frame 5 is changed, a mold for forming the upper frame 5 is required. On the other hand, when the shape of the opening portion 41 of the valve pad 40 is changed, it is necessary to punch out the opening portion 41. The die is cheaper than the die for forming the upper frame 5. Therefore, the organ 1 can be provided at a low price.

The basic structure of the harmonica 1 is the same as that of the previous harmonica. Therefore, the previous manufacturing equipment can be used directly, so a low-priced harmonica 1 can be provided. In addition, since the basic structure of the previous accordion is the same, the structure is not complicated, the size is not increased, and the weight is not significantly increased. There are also cases where the player is playing while holding the organ 1. The player's increased load due to the weight of the harmonica 1 can be reduced.

In this embodiment, three types of opening ratios of the opening portion 41 of the valve pad 40 have been described. However, as another embodiment, three or more types of opening ratios may be used. In addition, for example, the value of the aperture ratio may be changed according to the preference of the player. Since the tone color varies with the value of the aperture ratio, the tone color can be adjusted, for example, by adjusting the value of the aperture ratio according to the pitch. As described above, by changing the die, various valve pads 40 having various shapes of the openings 41 can be manufactured at low cost.

Next, the effects of the harmonica 1 will be described using FIGS. 5 and 6. The characteristics indicated as "previous" in Figs. 5 and 6 are those indicating the sound pressure level relative to the frequency of the sound of the tone of the harmonica from the previous product. The characteristics shown in the "embodiments" in Figs. 5 and 6 are those indicating the sound pressure level relative to the frequency of sounds pronounced by the harmonica 1 of this embodiment. The previous product differs greatly from the Accordion 1 in the following three points. The opening ratio of the opening portion 41 of the harmonica 1 is different for each sound range. In contrast, the opening ratio of the opening portion of the previous product is the same as the bass opening portion 41a in the full range. In addition, the outer case 2 of the harmonica 1 is made of polylactic acid ABS resin. In contrast, the outer case of the conventional product is made of ABS resin having a smaller specific gravity than that of polylactic acid ABS resin. In addition, a sound-absorbing padding member 21 is attached to the outer casing 2 of the tone organ 1, whereas a sound-absorbing padding member is not attached to the outer casing of the previous product.

FIG. 5 is a result of the sound of A # 5 included in the high-frequency range SA3 at a frequency of 932 Hz. Here, the arrow a indicates the frequency position of the fundamental tone, that is, 932 Hz, and the arrow b indicates the frequency position of the 10-fold tone. Doubled, In particular, the sound pressure level of 10 times as shown by the arrow b, the harmonica 1 is smaller than the previous product. This is considered to be because the air flow path R was changed by the valve pad 40 to reduce the flow rate. Generally speaking, in addition to the fundamental sounds, there are multiple sounds that make the listener feel full. However, if the sound pressure level in the high-frequency band of the audible area is too high, it may cause a harsh sound to be felt. In the harmonica 1, it is thought that by lowering the sound pressure level in the high frequency band, the listener feels soft and rich, and the unpleasant sound in the high frequency band will be eased. In addition, soft and rich sound refers to sounds such as temperature sounds and mellow sounds.

Moreover, the tone pressure level of the fundamental sound shown by the arrow a is higher than that of the previous product. It is considered that the material of the outer casing 2 of the harmonica 1 is larger than that of the outer casing of the previous product. It is considered that the rigidity of the outer casing 2 of the harmonica 1 becomes higher, and the unnecessary vibration of the outer casing 2 is reduced, and the sound pressure level of the fundamental sound becomes higher.

In addition, the tone organ 1 can emit sound only by the reed 63, but the space between the valve 33 and the exterior case 2, that is, the volume of the exhaust chamber 15 affects the tone color. The sound-absorbing padding member 21 is attached to the outer shell 2 of the harmonica 1, so the volume of the exhaust chamber 15 of the harmonica 1 is smaller than that of the previous product. The sound absorbing pad 21 absorbs a part of the sound emitted from the reed 63. The difference in sound pressure level relative to frequency is the difference in tone color that makes listeners feel. The presence or absence of the sound-absorbing padding member 21 as shown in FIG. 5 affects the difference in the distribution of sound pressure levels between the previous product and the harmonica 1. Therefore, the previous product has a different tone than the Accordion 1. Furthermore, to complement the effect caused by the shape of the opening portion 41 of the valve pad 40, the sound of the harmonica 1 is adjusted to a soft and rich tone.

FIG. 6 shows the result of sounding B5 contained in the high range SA3 with a frequency of 987 Hz. Here, an arrow a indicates a frequency position of a fundamental tone having a frequency of 987 Hz, and an arrow b indicates a frequency position of a 9-fold tone. As in the case of A # 5 shown in FIG. 5, in particular, the 9-fold sound pressure level shown by the arrow b, the harmonica 1 is smaller than the previous product. In addition, the sound pressure level of the pitch shown by arrow a, Product is higher. For B5, the tone becomes softer and richer, and the fundamental sound is surely pronounced.

Here, the tone piano 1 is an example of a keyboard instrument or musical instrument, keyboard 3 is an example of a keyboard, flute chamber 10 is an example of flute chamber, air inlet 11 is an example of air inlet, and air outlet 12 is an example of air outlet. An example. The reed 63 is an example of a reed, the valve 33 is an example of a valve, and the valve pad 40 is an example of a valve pad.

As described above, this embodiment has the following effects.

The opening ratio of the sound range SA2 and the high range SA3 in the valve pad member 40 of the harmonica 1 is less than 1. That is, the opening area of the middle sound range SA2 and the high sound range SA3 is smaller than the opening area 1 of the air flow outlet. Therefore, in the flute chamber 10 corresponding to the middle sound range SA2 and the high sound range SA3, the air flow collides with the valve pad 40 and the air The flow path R is changed, so the tone of the sound in the middle range SA2 and the high range SA3 is adjusted to be soft and rich. In addition, since the shape of the opening portion 41 of the valve pad 40 is changed, the tone color can be adjusted without complicating the structure of the harmonica 1.

The opening ratio of the bass region SA1 of the valve pad 40 of the tone organ 1 is 1 or more. With this, the sound of the low-end SA1 becomes a sound of non-destructive force. In the harmonica 1, the tone colors of the low range SA1, the middle range SA2, and the high range SA3 can be made different from each other.

In addition, the opening ratio of the opening portion 41 of the high-frequency range SA3 of the valve pad 40 of the tone organ 1 is smaller than the opening ratio of the opening portion 41 of the mid-range SA2. This can reduce the harsh high-frequency components corresponding to the frequency of the fundamental sound.

The valve pad 40 is made of rubber. As a result, a part of the sound emitted from the reed 63 is absorbed, and the tone of the harmonica 1 is adjusted to a soft and rich tone.

In addition, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and various improvements and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

For example, as described above, the material of the outer casing 2 is made of polylactic acid ABS resin, and the upper frame 5 is It is made of resin, but it is not limited to this. The material of the upper frame 5 may be made of a resin having high rigidity such as polylactic acid ABS resin. In this way, similarly to the exterior case 2, it is possible to reduce unnecessary vibrations and obtain the effect that the sound pressure level of the fundamental sound becomes high. In addition, the material of the outer casing 2 is not limited to polylactic acid ABS resin, and may be other resins or resins with high rigidity.

The materials of the valve pad 40 and the sound-absorbing pad 21 are not limited to those described above, and may be other soft objects. Above, it has been explained that since the opening ratio of the valve pad 40 is less than 1, the tone color is adjusted to be soft and rich. In addition, it is also considered that the valve pad 40 is made of rubber sponge, so that the valve pad 40 absorbs a part of the sound emitted by the reed 63 to the sound color. Make an impact. Therefore, it is preferable that the material of the valve pad 40 is made of a material with high sound absorption. In addition, in the harmonica 1, since a person blows air including water vapor, the inside of the exterior case 2 becomes a high-humidity state. Therefore, it is preferable that the materials of the valve pad 40 and the sound-absorbing pad 21 have moisture resistance.

Although the thickness of the valve pad 40 has been described as being about 1 mm, the thickness is not particularly limited. The thickness is preferably about 0.5 mm to 2 mm. In addition, the thickness of the sound absorbing pad 21 is preferably set to a level that does not interfere with the rotating valve 33.

In addition, the opening ratio portion of the opening portion 41 of the valve pad 40 is not limited to three, and may be two or less. The valve pad 40 attached to the mouth organ 1 is not limited to one, and may be configured to attach the valve pad 40 divided into a plurality of pieces.

Furthermore, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the accordion has been described as an application example. However, in addition to the accordion, it can also be applied to, for example, an accordion-equipped keyboard musical instrument. In addition to keyboard instruments, the present invention can also be applied to musical instruments provided with a flute chamber, a reed, and a valve pad.

Claims (5)

A keyboard musical instrument comprising: a keyboard having a plurality of keys corresponding to a plurality of pitches; a plurality of flutes having an air inlet and an air outlet corresponding to each of the plurality of keys; a reed, It is installed on the air inlet; the valve is linked with each of the multiple keys to open and close the air outlet; and a valve pad is installed on the air outlet and has the valve in the open state of the valve. An opening portion through which air is sealed between the air outlet and the valve in a closed state of the valve, and is an opening area of a first opening portion of the opening portion of at least one of the plurality of flute chambers. Smaller than the opening area of the air outlet. For example, the keyboard musical instrument of claim 1, wherein the opening portion of at least one of the plurality of chambers is different from the first opening portion, and the opening area of the second opening portion is smaller than that of the first opening portion. In the opening area, the pitch of the key corresponding to the second opening of the plurality of keys is higher than the pitch of the key corresponding to the first opening of the plurality of keys. For example, the keyboard instrument of claim 2, wherein the opening area of at least one of the plurality of flute chambers is greater than the opening area of the third opening portion which is different from the first opening portion and the second opening portion. The opening areas of the air outlets respectively correspond to the plurality of flute chambers of the plurality of first openings and the second openings, and correspond to the at least one flute corresponding to the third openings. Room higher voice range. The keyboard musical instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the valve pad is made of rubber. A musical instrument comprising: a flute chamber having an air inlet and an air outlet; a reed that is installed at the air inlet; a valve that opens and closes the air outlet; and a valve pad that is installed at The air outlet has an opening through which air passes when the valve is opened, and seals between the air outlet and the valve in the closed state of the valve, and the opening area of the opening is smaller than the air outlet Opening area.