WO2018150680A1 - Dispositif de conversion de puissance et système de conversion de puissance - Google Patents

Dispositif de conversion de puissance et système de conversion de puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018150680A1
WO2018150680A1 PCT/JP2017/043088 JP2017043088W WO2018150680A1 WO 2018150680 A1 WO2018150680 A1 WO 2018150680A1 JP 2017043088 W JP2017043088 W JP 2017043088W WO 2018150680 A1 WO2018150680 A1 WO 2018150680A1
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Prior art keywords
power
phase
command value
power conversion
frequency
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PCT/JP2017/043088
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
聡 澤野
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パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
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Priority to JP2018568001A priority Critical patent/JP6796809B2/ja
Publication of WO2018150680A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018150680A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/493—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power conversion device and a power conversion system that are connected in parallel to supply AC power to a load.
  • a droop control for controlling an output voltage and a frequency by a preset drooping characteristic may be used (for example, see Patent Document 1). ).
  • phase control is performed based on the output power of its own machine, so if the start timing of each power converter is different, a phase difference will occur between the output voltages of multiple power converters. It was.
  • the plurality of power conversion devices when a commercial power system (hereinafter simply referred to as a system) fails during a grid interconnection operation, the plurality of power conversion devices temporarily stop operating. Thereafter, when a predetermined period elapses or when the user performs a self-sustained operation start operation, the plurality of power conversion devices resumes power supply. At that time, the start timing of the independent operation of each power conversion device varies depending on the difference in timing at which each power conversion device detects a power failure or the user operation timing on the plurality of power conversion devices.
  • phase difference between the output voltages of multiple power converters becomes large, overcurrent may flow at the start of parallel operation, causing an error stop. For example, when the phase difference between the output voltages of two power converters is close to 180 °, an overcurrent flows through the two power converters.
  • This invention is made
  • a power converter is a power converter that supplies AC power to a common load together with other power converters connected in parallel, and is supplied from a DC power source.
  • Power converter that converts the DC power to be converted into AC power, and the AC voltage command that generates the AC voltage command value based on the output power of the power converter, the reference voltage for droop control, and the reference frequency for droop control
  • a value generation unit a control unit that controls the power conversion unit so that an output voltage of the power conversion unit matches an AC voltage command value generated by the AC voltage command value generation unit, and the other power conversion
  • a frequency / phase detection unit that detects a frequency and a phase of a detection voltage of the output terminal of the power conversion device connected to the output terminal of the device, and the AC voltage command value generation unit from the power conversion unit to the load.
  • FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the structure of the power conversion system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structural example of a control apparatus. 3A and 3B are diagrams illustrating drooping characteristics used in droop control. It is a figure which shows the voltage waveform at the time of starting of the independent operation mode of two power converter devices.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a power conversion system 2s according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the power conversion system 2s includes a plurality of power conversion devices 2 connected in parallel.
  • the output paths of the plurality of power converters 2 are combined into one and connected to a commercial power system (hereinafter simply referred to as system 4) via a distribution line.
  • a load 3 is connected to the distribution line.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example in which two of the first power converter 2a and the second power converter 2b are connected in parallel.
  • the distribution line is configured by a single-phase two-wire system, a single-phase three-wire system, or a three-phase three-wire system. Therefore, originally, the wiring between the first power conversion device 2a, the second power conversion device 2b, and the system 4 in FIG. 1 should be drawn by two lines or three lines, respectively, but in order to simplify the drawing, one line is used. It is drawn in.
  • the first power converter 2a converts the DC power supplied from the first DC power source 1a into AC power and outputs it.
  • the second power converter 2b converts the DC power supplied from the second DC power source 1b into AC power and outputs the AC power.
  • the first DC power supply 1a and the second DC power supply 1b include storage batteries (for example, lithium ion storage batteries, nickel metal hydride storage batteries, lead storage batteries), capacitors (for example, electric double layer capacitors, lithium ion capacitors), solar cells, fuel cells, etc. Can be used.
  • the same type of DC power source may be used for the first DC power source 1a and the second DC power source 1b, or different types of DC power sources may be used.
  • the first power converter 2a includes a first inverter device 21a, a first control device 22a, a first inductor La, a first filter current sensor CT1a, a first capacitor Ca, a first relay RYa, a first output current sensor CT2a, and A first output voltage sensor VTa is provided.
  • the first inductor La and the first capacitor Ca constitute an output filter.
  • the first inverter device 21a converts the DC power supplied from the first DC power source 1a into AC power and outputs it to the output filter.
  • the first DC power source 1a is a storage battery
  • a bidirectional inverter device is used for the first inverter device 21a.
  • the 1st inverter apparatus 21a converts the alternating current power supplied from the system
  • a DC-DC converter may be provided between the first DC power source 1a and the first inverter device 21a.
  • the DC-DC converter executes MPPT (Maximum Power Power Point Tracking) control.
  • MPPT Maximum Power Power Point Tracking
  • a bidirectional DC-DC converter may be provided between the first DC power source 1a and the first inverter device 21a. The bidirectional DC-DC converter performs constant current (CC) charging / discharging or constant voltage (CV) charging / discharging of the storage battery.
  • CC constant current
  • CV constant voltage
  • the first inverter device 21a and the DC-DC converter each include, for example, a bridge circuit in which four or six switching elements are bridge-connected. By controlling the duty ratio of the switching element, the input / output of each of the first inverter device 21a and the DC-DC converter can be adjusted.
  • the switching element for example, an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) or a MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) can be used.
  • the output filter attenuates the harmonic component of the AC power output from the first inverter device 21a and brings the output voltage and output current of the first inverter device 21a closer to a sine wave.
  • the first filter current sensor CT1a detects the current IL flowing through the output filter and outputs it to the first controller 22a.
  • a first relay RYa is inserted between the output filter and the output terminal Ta of the first power converter 2a.
  • the first output current sensor CT2a detects the output current Io of the first power converter 2a and outputs it to the first controller 22a.
  • the first output voltage sensor VTa detects the output voltage Vo of the first power converter 2a and outputs it to the first controller 22a.
  • the first control device 22a controls the first inverter device 21a, the first relay RYa, and the like.
  • the configuration of the first control device 22a can be realized by cooperation of hardware resources and software resources, or only by hardware resources.
  • hardware resources analog elements, microcomputers, DSPs, ROMs, RAMs, FPGAs, and other LSIs can be used.
  • Firmware and other programs can be used as software resources.
  • the second power converter 2b includes a second inverter device 21b, a second control device 22b, a second inductor Lb, a second filter current sensor CT1b, a second capacitor Cb, a second relay RYb, a second output current sensor CT2b, and A second output voltage sensor VTb is provided.
  • the second inductor Lb and the second capacitor Cb constitute an output filter. Since the structure of the 2nd power converter device 2b is the same as that of the 1st power converter device 2a, description is abbreviate
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the control device 22.
  • the control device 22 includes a droop control unit 221, a drive control unit 222, a PWM signal generation unit 223, a drive circuit 224, and an operation mode management unit 225.
  • the droop control unit 221 includes an active / reactive power calculation unit 221a, a first multiplication unit 221b, a first subtraction unit 221c, a second multiplication unit 221d, a first addition unit 221e, a frequency / phase detection unit 221f, a phase determination unit 221g, And an AC voltage command value generation unit 221h.
  • the operation mode management unit 225 manages the operation mode of the power conversion device 2, and notifies the current operation mode to the drive control unit 222 and the phase determination unit 221g.
  • the operation mode management unit 225 selects the grid connection mode when the grid 4 is normal. In the grid connection mode, the operation mode management unit 225 controls the relay RY to be in a closed state (on state).
  • the operation mode management unit 225 selects the self-sustained operation mode when the system 4 has a power failure.
  • the operation mode management unit 225 determines that the grid 4 has failed when the voltage Vo detected by the output voltage sensor VT becomes less than a predetermined voltage value for a predetermined time.
  • the operation mode management unit 225 controls the relay RY from the closed state (on state) to the open state (off state). This state is a standby mode.
  • the operation mode management unit 225 detects the power failure of the system 4 and controls the relay RY to the open state (off state), and then closes the relay RY when the set time has elapsed. Control to the state (ON state).
  • the operation mode management unit 225 controls the relay RY to a closed state (on state) when receiving an operation signal based on the start operation of the self-sustained operation mode made by the user.
  • the drive control unit 222 generates a current command value based on the input voltage Vdc of the inverter device 21 in the grid connection mode.
  • a current command value is generated based on the DC bus voltage Vdc between the DC-DC converter and the inverter device 21.
  • the drive control unit 222 generates an output current command value for the inverter device 21 so that the output power of the DC power source 1 or the DC-DC converter and the input power of the inverter device 21 are kept in balance.
  • the input voltage Vdc increases when the output power of the DC power supply 1 or the DC-DC converter is higher than the input power of the inverter device 21, and decreases when the output power is low.
  • the drive control unit 222 When the detected input voltage Vdc is higher than the set voltage, the drive control unit 222 generates a current command value for increasing the output power of the inverter device 21.
  • a current command value for reducing the output power of the inverter device 21 is generated.
  • the drive control unit 222 determines the current command value I * defined by the duty ratio of the switching element in the inverter device 21 . Is generated. The drive control unit 222 outputs the generated current command value I * to the PWM signal generation unit 223.
  • the PWM signal generation unit 223 includes a comparator.
  • the comparator compares the current command value I * with a carrier wave (triangular wave), and generates a PWM signal according to the comparison result.
  • the comparator outputs the generated PWM signal to the drive circuit 224.
  • the drive circuit 224 supplies a drive signal based on the PWM signal input from the PWM signal generation unit 223 to the gate terminal of the switching element in the inverter device 21.
  • the drive control unit 222 performs switching in the inverter device 21 based on the deviation between the AC voltage command value Esin ⁇ supplied from the droop control unit 221 and the voltage Vo detected by the output voltage sensor VT.
  • a voltage command value V * defined by the duty ratio of the element is generated.
  • the drive control unit 222 outputs the generated voltage command value V * to the PWM signal generation unit 223.
  • the comparator of the PWM signal generation unit 223 compares the voltage command value V * with the carrier wave, and generates a PWM signal corresponding to the comparison result.
  • the comparator outputs the generated PWM signal to the drive circuit 224.
  • the drive circuit 224 supplies a drive signal based on the PWM signal input from the PWM signal generation unit 223 to the gate terminal of the switching element in the inverter device 21. In the self-sustained operation mode, since the voltage is not defined by the system 4, it is necessary to define the voltage by the power conversion device 2.
  • the active / reactive power calculation unit 221a of the droop control unit 221 is based on the current Io detected by the output current sensor CT2 and the voltage Vo detected by the output voltage sensor VT. P and output reactive power Q are calculated.
  • the output active power P and the output reactive power Q can be calculated by the following (formula 1) and (formula 2).
  • the AC voltage command value generation unit 221h generates the AC voltage command value Esin ⁇ based on the active power P, the reactive power Q, the reference voltage E * for droop control, and the reference angular frequency ⁇ * for droop control.
  • E is a voltage
  • FIG. 3 (a) and 3 (b) are diagrams showing drooping characteristics used in droop control.
  • FIG. 3A shows the drooping characteristic of the frequency droop
  • FIG. 3B shows the drooping characteristic of the voltage droop.
  • the output voltage E of the power converter 2 is calculated by the following (Equation 3)
  • the angular frequency ⁇ of the output voltage E of the power converter 2 is calculated by the following (Equation 4).
  • the reference voltage E * is an output voltage at no load, and the reference angular frequency ⁇ * is a nominal frequency at no load.
  • the reference voltage E * is set to 200 V, and the reference angular frequency ⁇ * is set to 314 rad / s ( ⁇ frequency 50 Hz).
  • the coefficient n is a voltage droop coefficient, and the coefficient m is a frequency droop coefficient. The coefficient n and the coefficient m are determined by the output impedance of the power converter 2 or the rated output.
  • the first multiplication unit 221b multiplies the active power P calculated by the active / reactive power calculation unit 221a by the voltage droop coefficient n, and outputs the obtained voltage value to the first subtraction unit 221c.
  • the first subtractor 221c subtracts the voltage value calculated by the first multiplier 221b from the value of the reference voltage E * , and outputs the obtained voltage value E to the AC voltage command value generator 221h.
  • the second multiplier 221d multiplies the reactive power Q calculated by the active / reactive power calculator 221a by the frequency droop coefficient m, and outputs the obtained angular frequency to the first adder 221e.
  • the first adding unit 221e adds the angular frequency calculated by the second multiplying unit 221d to the reference angular frequency ⁇ * , and outputs the obtained angular frequency ⁇ to the phase determining unit 221g.
  • the frequency / phase detector 221f detects the frequency Fp and phase ⁇ d of the voltage Vo detected by the output voltage sensor VT, and outputs the detected frequency Fp and phase ⁇ p to the phase determiner 221g.
  • the frequency / phase detection unit 221f can detect the frequency and the phase by detecting the position of the zero cross point of the detected voltage Vo.
  • the two power conversion devices 2 independently detect the power failure. For this reason, the detection timing of a power failure may be shifted.
  • the start timing of the stand-alone operation mode is also shifted if the power failure detection timing is deviated.
  • the stand-alone operation mode is set to be manually activated from the standby mode, if the timing when the user presses the operation buttons of the two power conversion devices 2 is deviated, the activation timing of the independent operation mode is also deviated.
  • the droop control adjusts the voltage and angular frequency of the reference AC voltage waveform based on the reference voltage E * and the reference angular frequency ⁇ * based on the output active power P and the output reactive power Q of the power converter 2 of its own. It is. In a state where the relay RY is controlled to be in the open state after the power failure of the system 4, since the output power of its own power converter 2 is not detected, basically, the reference AC voltage waveform is used as it is as the voltage command value.
  • the frequency of the voltage Vo at the output terminal T of the own power conversion device 2 Based on Fp and phase ⁇ p, the phase ⁇ of the AC voltage waveform is determined.
  • the voltage Vo of the output terminal T of the own power converter device 2 is substantially zero, it means that the own power converter device 2 is the power converter device 2 that starts the self-sustaining operation mode first.
  • the reference AC voltage waveform based on the reference voltage E * and the reference angular frequency ⁇ * is used as the voltage command value.
  • the phase ⁇ of the AC voltage waveform is determined based on the frequency Fp and the phase ⁇ p of the voltage Vo at the output terminal T of the own power conversion device 2. That is, an AC voltage waveform synchronized with the detected phase Vo of the voltage Vo is used as the voltage command value.
  • the phase determination unit 221g when the standby mode is instructed from the operation mode management unit 225, the phase determination unit 221g generates an AC voltage command value for the phase ⁇ based on the frequency Fp and the phase ⁇ p input from the frequency / phase detection unit 221f. To the unit 221h.
  • the phase determination unit 221g When the independent operation mode is instructed from the operation mode management unit 225, the phase determination unit 221g outputs the phase ⁇ based on the angular frequency ⁇ input from the second multiplication unit 221d to the AC voltage command value generation unit 221h.
  • the phase determination unit 221g sets the phase ⁇ based on the output voltage Vo of the other power converter 2 to the phase ⁇ based on the frequency droop control based on the output power of the own power converter 2. Takes over as an offset value.
  • the phase ⁇ is calculated by the following (formula 5).
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing voltage waveforms at the start of the self-sustaining operation mode of the two power converters 2.
  • the first power conversion device 2 generates an alternating voltage by droop control from the beginning without synchronizing with the output voltage Vo of the other power conversion device 2.
  • the second power conversion device 2 also generates an alternating voltage by droop control from the beginning, similarly to the first power conversion device 2.
  • overcurrent occurs due to the voltage phase difference when the self-sustained operation mode is activated (when parallel operation is started).
  • the second power converter 2 generates an AC voltage whose phase is synchronized with the output voltage Vo of the first power converter 2 before the start of the stand-alone operation mode, and starts the stand-alone operation mode. After that, the alternating voltage is generated by droop control. In the embodiment, since the phase at the start of parallel operation matches the phase of the output voltage Vo of the first power converter 2, no overcurrent is generated at the start of parallel operation.
  • the phase of the output voltage of its own power converter 2 is synchronized with the phase of the output voltage of the other power converter 2 before the start of parallel operation in the self-sustaining operation mode.
  • the droop control can be started in a state where the voltage phase is synchronized with that of the other power conversion device 2.
  • the overcurrent resulting from the voltage phase difference is not generated at the start of the parallel operation, and the parallel operation can be performed stably.
  • the phases at the start of parallel operation in the independent operation mode can be synchronized without connecting the first power converter 2a and the second power converter 2b with a communication line and exchanging synchronization signals. Therefore, wiring can be simplified.
  • the power conversion system 2s may be a distributed power system that has a DC power source (such as a solar cell) that does not have a grid connection mode and generates power based on renewable energy.
  • the phase switching control is activated whenever the distributed power supply system is activated.
  • the AC voltage command value generation unit (221h) detects the frequency and phase detected by the frequency / phase detection unit (221h) before starting power supply from the power conversion unit (21b) to the load (3).
  • the power converter (2b), wherein the phase of the AC voltage command value is determined based on According to this, it can suppress that an overcurrent flows at the time of a parallel operation start.
  • the AC voltage command value generation unit (221h) starts power supply from the power conversion unit (21b) to the load (3), and then outputs power from the power conversion unit (21b) and the droop control.
  • the phase of the AC voltage command value is determined based on the reference frequency of
  • the AC voltage command value generation unit (221h) takes over the phase detected by the frequency / phase detection unit (211f) when starting power supply from the power conversion unit (21b) to the load (3).
  • Item 2 The power conversion device (2b) according to item 1. According to this, at the start of parallel operation, an AC voltage whose phase is synchronized with the other power conversion device (2a) can be output.
  • the power converter (2b) is connected to the power system (4) together with the other power converter (2a) and the load (3), This power converter (2b) A switch (RYb) inserted between the power converter (21b) and a detection point of the detection voltage; When a power failure is detected in the power system (4), the switch (RYb) is turned off, and when the user performs a start-up operation in the self-sustaining operation mode or when a predetermined time elapses after the power failure is detected, the switch (RYb) And a mode management unit (225) for turning on),
  • the AC voltage command value generation unit (221h) synchronizes with the timing when the switch (RYb) is turned on, based on the frequency and phase detected by the frequency / phase detection unit (221f).
  • the process of determining the phase of the value is switched to a process of determining the phase of the AC voltage command value based on the output power from the power converter (21b) and the reference frequency for droop control.
  • Item 3. The power conversion device (2b) according to item 1 or 2. According to this, it can suppress that an overcurrent flows at the time of the parallel operation start in independent operation mode.
  • Item 4 A power conversion system (2s), wherein a plurality of power conversion devices (2) according to any one of items 1 to 3 are connected in parallel. According to this, it is possible to construct a system in which an overcurrent is suppressed from flowing at the start of parallel operation.
  • the present invention can be used for a power conversion system in which a plurality of power conversion devices are connected in parallel.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de conversion de puissance 2b qui, conjointement avec un autre dispositif de conversion de puissance 2a connecté en parallèle à celui-ci, fournit une puissance en courant alternatif à une charge partagée 3, et dans lequel une unité de génération de valeur de commande de tension alternative génère une valeur de commande de tension alternative sur la base de la puissance de sortie provenant du dispositif de conversion de puissance 2b, de la tension de référence pour la commande de chute et de la fréquence de référence pour la commande de chute. Une unité de commande commande une unité de conversion de puissance de telle sorte que la tension de sortie provenant de l'unité de conversion de puissance corresponde à la valeur de commande de tension alternative générée. Une unité de détection de fréquence/phase détecte la fréquence et la phase de la tension détectée à partir de la borne de sortie du dispositif de conversion de puissance 2b connecté à la borne de sortie de l'autre dispositif de conversion de puissance 2a. L'unité de génération de valeur de commande de tension alternative, avant l'initiation de l'alimentation électrique de l'unité de conversion de puissance à la charge 3, détermine la phase de la valeur de commande de tension alternative sur la base de la fréquence et de la phase détectées par l'unité de détection de fréquence/phase.
PCT/JP2017/043088 2017-02-14 2017-11-30 Dispositif de conversion de puissance et système de conversion de puissance WO2018150680A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2020068552A (ja) * 2018-10-22 2020-04-30 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 電力変換装置

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016093100A (ja) * 2014-11-06 2016-05-23 台達電子工業股▲ふん▼有限公司 インバータシステムに用いられる制御方法及び制御装置
JP6011739B1 (ja) * 2016-04-28 2016-10-19 富士電機株式会社 制御装置および電力変換システム

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016093100A (ja) * 2014-11-06 2016-05-23 台達電子工業股▲ふん▼有限公司 インバータシステムに用いられる制御方法及び制御装置
JP6011739B1 (ja) * 2016-04-28 2016-10-19 富士電機株式会社 制御装置および電力変換システム

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2020068552A (ja) * 2018-10-22 2020-04-30 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 電力変換装置
JP7038327B2 (ja) 2018-10-22 2022-03-18 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 電力変換装置

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