WO2018149066A1 - 触电保护装置以及供电系统 - Google Patents

触电保护装置以及供电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018149066A1
WO2018149066A1 PCT/CN2017/088433 CN2017088433W WO2018149066A1 WO 2018149066 A1 WO2018149066 A1 WO 2018149066A1 CN 2017088433 W CN2017088433 W CN 2017088433W WO 2018149066 A1 WO2018149066 A1 WO 2018149066A1
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Prior art keywords
output
electric shock
relay
sensing
protection device
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PCT/CN2017/088433
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English (en)
French (fr)
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马健
马骥
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中领世能 (天津) 科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2018149066A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018149066A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of secure power supply technologies, and in particular, to an electric shock protection device and a power supply system.
  • Current utility power is usually powered by two output lines, one of which is a live line and the other is a zero line. As the line is aging or damaged, some of the wires of the live wire and the neutral wire are exposed. When the human body directly or indirectly touches the bare metal wire, especially when it touches the fire wire, it will form a loop through the human body and the ground, causing electric shock. . In addition, during the use of the electrical equipment, due to internal faults of the electrical equipment, the surface of the electrical equipment is also charged. If the human body touches the electrical equipment at this time, it may also cause electric shock damage.
  • the anti-shock socket on the market can ensure that each jack has no power before the plug is inserted, by setting a switch circuit in the socket.
  • the anti-shock socket can identify whether the insert is an electrical plug, and only three jacks are energized when the electrical plug is inserted at the same time, so the conductor is not inserted into any one pole and does not get an electric shock.
  • the existing anti-shock socket can only be placed at the socket to prevent electric shock caused by accidental insertion of the conductor, and the electric shock caused by leakage of the metal wire and the surface of the electric device is not prevented. Therefore, it is difficult to effectively prevent the electric shock caused by various causes such as electric leakage.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide an electric shock protection device and a power supply system, which can effectively prevent electric shock caused by various causes.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electric shock protection device including a sensing circuit and a protection chip.
  • the sensing circuit is configured to sense a current signal at the AC output, generate an induced signal, and transmit the sensing signal to the protection chip.
  • the protection chip is configured to generate a safety carrier signal according to the sensing signal, and output the safety carrier signal to an AC output terminal, so that the AC output terminal outputs reactive power to the ground.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the electric shock protection device further includes a rectifying circuit.
  • the input end of the rectifier circuit is connected to the AC output end, and the output end of the rectifier circuit is connected to the power end of the protection chip.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein
  • the rectifier circuit is a rectifier bridge.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the protection chip comprises an N-channel junction field effect transistor, a comparator and a carrier generator.
  • the gate of the N-channel junction field effect transistor is connected to the sensing circuit, the source is grounded, and the drain is connected to the input end of the comparator.
  • An output of the comparator is coupled to an input of the carrier generator, and an output of the carrier is coupled to the AC output through a diode.
  • the comparator is configured to output a comparison signal in accordance with the N-channel junction field effect transistor drain current, the carrier generator configured to output a carrier signal in accordance with the comparison signal.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the protection chip further includes a trigger.
  • An input of the flip flop is coupled to an output of the comparator.
  • the trigger is configured to output a power down signal when the comparison signal exceeds a preset value.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the sensing circuit includes a sensing resistor connected between the protection chip and the AC output end.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the sensing circuit further includes an inductive capacitor coupled to the inductive resistor.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a power supply system, including a transformer and the above-mentioned electric shock protection device.
  • the primary coil of the transformer is connected to the grid, and the secondary coil of the transformer is connected to the AC output.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, wherein the power supply system further includes a first relay and a second relay.
  • the protection chip in the electric shock protection device includes a trigger. a control coil of the first relay is connected to an output end of the trigger, an output end of the first relay is connected in series with a control coil of the second relay, and an output end of the second relay is connected in series with the primary coil .
  • the embodiment of the present application provides the second possible implementation manner of the second aspect, wherein the first relay is a normally closed relay, and the second relay is a normally open relay.
  • the electric shock protection device provided by the embodiment of the present application includes an induction circuit and a protection chip.
  • the sensing circuit senses the current signal at the AC output, generates an induced signal, and transmits the sensing signal to the protection chip.
  • the protection chip generates a secure carrier signal based on the sensing signal and outputs the safety carrier signal to the AC output.
  • the sensing circuit when the human body directly or indirectly contacts the AC output line, the sensing circuit can sense the abnormal current on the line and generate an induction signal to be sent to the protection chip.
  • the protection chip generates a safe carrier signal of a corresponding amplitude according to the intensity of the sensing signal, so that the alternating current system systematically stabilizes the output in the form of a safe carrier, so that the alternating current output outputs reactive power to the ground, which can play a safety isolation function and enable the AC output.
  • the end does not form a loop through the human body and the ground. Therefore, the electric shock protection device provided by the embodiment of the present invention can effectively prevent electric shock damage caused by various reasons.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electric shock protection device according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is another schematic diagram of an electric shock protection device according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a protection chip in an electric shock protection device according to Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power supply system according to Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • the current anti-shock socket can only be placed at the socket to prevent electric shock caused by accidental insertion of the conductor, and the electric shock caused by leakage of the metal wire and the surface of the electric device is not prevented. Therefore, it is difficult to effectively prevent the electric shock caused by various causes such as electric leakage.
  • the electric shock protection device and the power supply system provided by the embodiments of the present application can effectively prevent electric shock damage caused by various reasons.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electric shock protection device 10, which can be applied to a power consumption scene such as a home or a unit.
  • the electric shock protection device 10 includes a sensing circuit 11 and a protection chip 12.
  • the sensing circuit 11 senses the current signal at the AC output, generates an induced signal, and transmits the sensing signal to the protection chip 12.
  • the sensing circuit 11 is connected to one of the two AC output terminals b and d. This embodiment is described by taking the induction circuit 11 connected to the AC output terminal b as an example.
  • the protection chip 12 generates a safety carrier signal according to the sensing signal, and outputs the safety carrier signal to the AC output terminal through the diode D0, so that the AC output terminal b and the AC output terminal d output the reactive power to the ground.
  • the sensing circuit 11 in this embodiment includes a sensing resistor R connected between the protection chip and the AC output terminal. Further, the sensing circuit further includes an inductive capacitor coupled to the inductive resistor R. Preferably, the inductive capacitor is two, respectively a first inductive capacitor C1 and a second inductive capacitor C2.
  • One end of the sensing resistor R, one end of the first sensing capacitor C1, and one end of the second sensing capacitor C2 are coupled to the cathode end of the diode D0.
  • One end of the sensing resistor R has one end of the first sensing capacitor C1 and one end of the second sensing capacitor C2. Both are connected to the input end of the protection chip 12, the anode end of the diode D0 is connected to the output end of the protection chip 12, and the cathode end of the diode D0 is coupled to the AC output end.
  • the current signal on the AC output terminal b generates an induced signal through the coupling effect between the sensing resistor R and the first sensing capacitor C1 and the second sensing capacitor C2, and the sensing circuit 11 transmits the sensing signal to the protection chip 12.
  • the first sensing capacitor C1 and the second sensing capacitor C2 are adjustable capacitors, so as to be applicable to various environments, the specific size of the first sensing capacitor C1 and the second sensing capacitor C2 can be specified at the time of shipment. Adjust the settings according to the voltage and current conditions of the application scenario.
  • the electric shock protection device 10 provided by the embodiment of the present application further includes a rectifying circuit 13 .
  • the two input ends of the rectifier circuit 13 are respectively connected to the AC output terminals b, d, and the output end of the rectifier circuit 13 is connected to the power supply end of the protection chip 12, thereby rectifying the AC output terminals b, d into DC power, and providing DC protection for the protection chip 12. power supply.
  • the rectifier circuit 13 in this embodiment is a rectifier bridge.
  • the rectifier bridge is specifically composed of four rectifier diodes D1, D2, D3, and D4 connected, the rectifier diode D1 is connected to the anode of the rectifier diode D3, the rectifier diode D2 is connected to the cathode of the rectifier diode D4, and the cathode of the rectifier diode D1 is connected to the rectifier diode D2.
  • the anode, the cathode of the rectifier diode D3 is connected to the anode of the rectifier diode D4.
  • the diode's one-way conduction function converts the strong alternating current into a unidirectional DC pulse voltage.
  • the protection chip in this embodiment includes a field effect transistor T, a comparator 122, and a carrier generator 121, wherein the field effect transistor T is specifically an N-channel junction field effect transistor.
  • the input of the comparator 122 is connected to the drain d of the FET T, the output of the comparator 122 is connected to the input of the carrier generator 121, and the output of the carrier generator 121 is connected to the AC output via the diode D0.
  • JFET Junction Field-Effect Transistor
  • the source s of the FET T is grounded, the drain d is supplied with a positive voltage by the comparator, the voltage of the source s is lower than the voltage of the drain d, and the gate g of the FET T is connected to the sensing circuit. 11, receiving a negative voltage sensing signal.
  • the negative value of the voltage Vgs between the gate g and the source s increases, which increases the resistance of the channel and decreases the drain current Id. This is Since the electrons inside the N-type semiconductor are repelled by the electric field formed by the negative potential of the gate, a thicker depletion layer is formed around the P region, the conduction channel of the N-type semiconductor is narrowed, and the current between the drain and the source is reduced. small. Due to this characteristic, the drain current Id is controlled by the gate-source voltage Vgs.
  • the drain current Id of the field effect transistor T also changes.
  • the drain current Id is input to the comparator 122, and the current grid current can be detected by the comparator 122.
  • the comparator 122 After receiving the drain current Id of the FET T, the comparator 122 compares the drain current Id with the reference current inside the comparator and outputs a corresponding comparison signal.
  • the carrier generator 121 outputs a corresponding carrier signal based on the change of the comparison signal.
  • the carrier generator 121 outputs a carrier signal of smooth amplitude, and outputs a smooth alternating current in a carrier manner.
  • the comparator 122 outputs a high-intensity (abnormal) comparison signal, and the carrier generator 121 outputs a safety carrier signal of a corresponding amplitude according to the strength of the comparison signal, so that the AC power is safe.
  • the form of the carrier system systematically stabilizes the output, so that the AC output terminal outputs the reactive power to the ground, which can play a safety isolation function, so that the AC output terminal does not form a loop through the human body and the ground. Therefore, the electric shock protection device provided by the embodiment of the present invention can effectively prevent electric shock damage caused by various reasons.
  • the protection chip in the embodiment of the present application further includes a trigger 123.
  • the input of flip flop 123 is coupled to the output of comparator 122.
  • the comparison signal will exceed the preset value inside the flip-flop 123, and the flip-flop 123 will output a power-off signal to disconnect the power of the transmission line.
  • the induction circuit 11 when the human body directly or indirectly contacts the AC output line, the induction circuit 11 can sense the abnormal current on the line, and generate an induction signal to be sent to the comparator 122, and the comparator is abnormal according to the abnormality.
  • the sensing signal generates a high-intensity (abnormal) comparison signal and sends the abnormal comparison signal to the protection chip.
  • the protection chip 12 generates a safety carrier signal of a corresponding amplitude according to the strength of the comparison signal, so that the alternating current system systematically stabilizes the output in the form of a safety carrier, so that the AC output terminal outputs reactive power to the ground, which can play a safety isolation function and enable communication.
  • the output does not form a loop through the human body and the ground.
  • the AC output terminals b and d are still active power, so it can prevent the electric shock damage while maintaining the normal operation of each power equipment on the power supply line.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a power supply system 20, including a transformer TB and the electric shock protection device 10 provided in the first embodiment.
  • the primary coil of the transformer TB is connected to the power grid, and the two ends of the secondary coil of the transformer TB are respectively connected to the AC output terminal d and the AC output terminal b, and output AC power.
  • the power supply system 20 provided in this embodiment further includes a first relay J1 and a second relay J2.
  • the control coil of the first relay J1 is connected to the output end of the protection chip 12 in the electric shock protection device 10.
  • the output end of the first relay J1 is connected in series with the control coil of the second relay J2 and the control power source 21, and the output end of the second relay J2 is The primary coils of the transformer are connected in series.
  • the first relay J1 is a normally closed relay, that is, the output end of the first relay J1 is in a closed state when the coil is not energized.
  • the second relay J2 is a normally open type relay, that is, the output end of the first relay J1 is in an off state when the coil is not energized.
  • the coil of the first relay J1 is not energized, and the output end of the first relay J1 is in a closed state, so that the control power source can supply power to the coil of the second relay J2 through the first relay J1.
  • the coil of the second relay J2 is energized, its output terminal is in a closed state to maintain the power supply of the primary coil of the transformer.
  • the output of the protection chip 12 has no power-off signal output.
  • the coil of the first relay J1 is energized, causing the output of the first relay J1 to be turned off. Since the output end of the first relay J1 is disconnected, the coil of the second relay J2 is de-energized, and the output end of the second relay J2 is disconnected, thereby disconnecting the grid from the primary coil of the transformer to cut off the power supply of the power supply system. Thereby achieving protection of the power supply line.
  • the first relay J1 adopts a normally closed type relay
  • the second relay J2 adopts a normally open type relay
  • the power supply system provided by the embodiment of the present application has the same technical features as the electric shock protection device provided in the first embodiment, so that the same technical problem can be solved and the same technical effect can be achieved.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless explicitly stated and defined otherwise. , or connected integrally; may be mechanical connection or electrical connection; may be directly connected, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication between the two elements.
  • installation may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless explicitly stated and defined otherwise.
  • connected integrally may be mechanical connection or electrical connection; may be directly connected, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication between the two elements.
  • the sensing circuit in the electric shock protection device provided by the embodiment of the present application can acquire an abnormal current on the line, generate an induction signal according to the abnormal current, and send the sensing signal to the protection chip.
  • the protection chip generates a corresponding safety carrier signal according to the sensing signal, and inputs the safety carrier signal to the AC output end.
  • the signal at the output of the AC system systematically stabilizes the AC power of the reactive power output to the ground in the form of a safety carrier, which can play a safety isolation function, so that the AC output terminal does not form a loop through the human body and the ground. Therefore, the electric shock protection device provided by the embodiment of the present invention can effectively prevent electric shock damage caused by various reasons.

Abstract

一种触电保护装置以及供电系统，涉及安全供电技术领域，能够有效预防各种原因造成的触电伤害。该触电保护装置(10)包括感应电路(11)和保护芯片(12)；所述感应电路(11)感应交流输出端的电流信号，生成感应信号，并将所述感应信号传输至所述保护芯片(12)；所述保护芯片(12)根据所述感应信号生成安全载波信号，并将所述安全载波信号输出至交流输出端，使交流输出端输出对地的无功功率。

Description

触电保护装置以及供电系统
本申请要求于2017年2月17日提交中国专利局的申请号为CN201710088169.0、名称为“触电保护装置以及供电系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及安全供电技术领域，尤其是涉及一种触电保护装置以及供电系统。
背景技术
随着电力技术的发展，工频交流电(即市电)已经遍布每一个家庭和单位，用电的安全性也变得越来越重要。
目前的市电通常由两条输出线供电，其中一条为火线，另一条为零线。由于线路老化或破损，会造成火线与零线的部分金属线裸露在外，人体直接或间接接触到裸露的金属线时，特别是接触到火线时，就会通过人体与地形成回路，造成触电伤害。另外，在用电设备使用过程中，由于用电设备的内部故障，也会使用电设备的表面带电，如果此时人体接触到该用电设备，也会造成触电伤害。
目前市面上的防触电插座，通过在插座中设置开关电路，可以在通电状态下，确保每一个插孔在未插入电器插头前是没有电的。该防触电插座可以识别插入物是否为电器插头，只有三个插孔同时插入电器插头时才会通电，所以导体单独插入任何一极都不会触电。
但是，现有的防触电插座只能在插座处，防止由于误插入导体造成的触电，而对于金属线裸露、用电设备表面带电等漏电原因造成的触电起不到预防作用。因此，对于漏电等多种原因造成的触电伤害，现有技术难以有效预防。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本申请的目的在于提供一种触电保护装置以及供电系统，能够有效预防各种原因造成的触电伤害。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种触电保护装置，包括感应电路和保护芯片。所述感应电路配置成感应交流输出端的电流信号，生成感应信号，并将所述感应信号传输至所述保护芯片。所述保护芯片配置成根据所述感应信号生成安全载波信号，并将所述安全载波信号输出至交流输出端，使交流输出端输出对地的无功功率。
结合第一方面，本申请实施例提供了第一方面的第一种可能的实施方式，其中，该触电保护装置还包括整流电路。所述整流电路的输入端连接交流输出端，所述整流电路的输出端连接所述保护芯片的电源端。
结合第一方面，本申请实施例提供了第一方面的第二种可能的实施方式，其中，所述 整流电路为整流桥。
结合第一方面，本申请实施例提供了第一方面的第三种可能的实施方式，其中，所述保护芯片包括N沟道结型场效应管、比较器和载波发生器。所述N沟道结型场效应管的栅极连接所述感应电路，源极接地，漏极连接所述比较器的输入端。所述比较器的输出端连接所述载波发生器的输入端，所述载波发生器的输出端通过二极管连接交流输出端。所述比较器配置成根据所述N沟道结型场效应管漏极电流输出比较信号，所述载波发生器配置成根据所述比较信号输出载波信号。
结合第一方面，本申请实施例提供了第一方面的第四种可能的实施方式，其中，所述保护芯片中还包括触发器。所述触发器的输入端连接所述比较器的输出端。所述触发器配置成当所述比较信号超出预设值时，输出断电信号。
结合第一方面，本申请实施例提供了第一方面的第五种可能的实施方式，其中，所述感应电路包括感应电阻，所述感应电阻连接在所述保护芯片与交流输出端之间。
结合第一方面，本申请实施例提供了第一方面的第六种可能的实施方式，其中，所述感应电路还包括与所述感应电阻耦合连接的感应电容。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供一种供电系统，包括变压器以及上述的触电保护装置。所述变压器的初级线圈连接电网，所述变压器的次级线圈的连接交流输出端。
结合第二方面，本申请实施例提供了第二方面的第一种可能的实施方式，其中，该供电系统还包括第一继电器和第二继电器。所述触电保护装置中的保护芯片包括触发器。所述第一继电器的控制线圈连接所述触发器的输出端，所述第一继电器的输出端与所述第二继电器的控制线圈串联，所述第二继电器的输出端与所述初级线圈串联。
结合第二方面，本申请实施例提供了第二方面的第二种可能的实施方式，其中，所述第一继电器为常闭型继电器，所述第二继电器为常开型继电器。
本申请实施例带来了以下有益效果：
本申请实施例提供的触电保护装置中，包括感应电路和保护芯片。其中，感应电路感应交流输出端的电流信号，生成感应信号，并将感应信号传输至保护芯片。保护芯片根据感应信号生成安全载波信号，并将安全载波信号输出至交流输出端。
采用本申请实施例提供的触电保护装置，当人体直接或间接接触到交流输出线时，感应电路能够感应到线路上的异常电流，并生成感应信号发送至保护芯片。保护芯片根据感应信号的强度，生成相应幅度的安全载波信号，使交流电以安全载波的形式系统化稳定输出，使交流输出端输出对地的无功功率，能够起到安全隔离作用，使交流输出端不会通过人体与地形成回路。因此，本申请实施例提供的触电保护装置，能够有效预防各种原因造成的触电伤害。
本申请的其他特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本申请而了解。本申请的目的和其他优点在说明书、权利要求书以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。
为使本申请的上述目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂，下文特举较佳实施例，并配合所附附图，作详细说明如下。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例一提供的触电保护装置的示意图；
图2为本申请实施例一提供的触电保护装置的另一示意图；
图3为本申请实施例一提供的触电保护装置中保护芯片的示意图；
图4为本申请实施例二提供的供电系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
目前的防触电插座只能在插座处，防止由于误插入导体造成的触电，而对于金属线裸露、用电设备表面带电等漏电原因造成的触电起不到预防作用。因此，对于漏电等多种原因造成的触电伤害，现有技术难以有效预防。
本申请实施例提供的一种触电保护装置以及供电系统，能够有效预防各种原因造成的触电伤害。
实施例一：
本申请实施例提供了一种触电保护装置10，可应用于家庭或单位等用电场景。如图1和图2所示，该触电保护装置10包括感应电路11和保护芯片12。感应电路11感应交流输出端的电流信号，生成感应信号，并将感应信号传输至保护芯片12。感应电路11连接在两个交流输出端b、d中的其中一端，本实施例以感应电路11连接交流输出端b为例进行说明。
保护芯片12根据感应信号生成安全载波信号，并将安全载波信号通过二极管D0输出至交流输出端，使交流输出端b以及交流输出端d输出对地的无功功率。
本实施例中的感应电路11包括感应电阻R，感应电阻R连接在保护芯片与交流输出端之间。进一步的是，感应电路中还包括与感应电阻R耦合连接的感应电容，优选地，该感应电容为两个，分别为第一感应电容C1、第二感应电容C2。
感应电阻R的一端、第一感应电容C1的一端和第二感应电容C2的一端均与二极管D0的阴极端耦合，感应电阻R的一端第一感应电容C1的一端和第二感应电容C2的一端均与保护芯片12的输入端连接，二极管D0的阳极端与保护芯片12的输出端连接，二极管D0的阴极端与交流输出端耦合。
交流输出端b上的电流信号，经过感应电阻R以及第一感应电容C1、第二感应电容C2之间的耦合效应，生成感应信号，并且感应电路11将该感应信号传输至保护芯片12。
本实施例中，第一感应电容C1、第二感应电容C2均为可调节电容，以便于适用于各种不同的环境，第一感应电容C1、第二感应电容C2具体的大小可以在出厂时，根据应用场景的电压、电流情况进行调节设置。
进一步的是，本申请实施例提供的触电保护装置10中还包括整流电路13。整流电路13的两个输入端分别连接交流输出端b、d，整流电路13的输出端连接保护芯片12的电源端，从而将交流输出端b、d整流为直流电，并为保护芯片12提供直流电源。
作为一个优选方案，本实施例中的整流电路13为整流桥。整流桥具体由四个整流二极管D1、D2、D3、D4连接组成，整流二极管D1与整流二极管D3的阳极相连，整流二极管D2与整流二极管D4的阴极相连，而整流二极管D1的阴极连接整流二极管D2的阳极，整流二极管D3的阴极连接整流二极管D4的阳极。在整流桥的每个工作周期内，同一时间只有两个二极管进行工作，利用二极管的单向导通功能，强交流电转换成单向的直流脉冲电压。
如图3所示，本实施例中的保护芯片包括场效应管T、比较器122和载波发生器121，其中场效应管T具体为N沟道结型场效应管。比较器122的输入端连接场效应管T的漏极d，比较器122的输出端连接载波发生器121的输入端，载波发生器121的输出端通过二极管D0连接交流输出端。
场效应管T的栅极g连接感应电路11，源极s接地，漏极d连接比较器122的输入端。结型场效应晶体管(Junction Field-Effect Transistor，简称JFET)是由PN结栅极、源极和漏极构成的一种具有放大功能的三端有源器件,是单极场效应管中常见的一种，结型场效应晶体管它可以分N沟道和P沟道两种，本实施例中采用的是N沟道结型场效应管。
本实施例中，场效应管T的源极s接地，漏极d由比较器提供正电压，使源极s的电压低于漏极d的电压，场效应管T的栅极g连接感应电路11，接收负电压感应信号。栅极g于源极s之间的电压Vgs的负值增大，将使沟道的电阻增大，而漏极电流Id减小。这是 因为N型半导体内部的电子被栅极负电位形成的电场所排斥，在P区周围产生更厚的耗尽层，N型半导体的导电沟道变窄，漏极至源极之间的电流减小。由于此种特性，漏极电流Id会受到栅源极电压Vgs的控制。
随着感应电路11输出的感应信号的变化，场效应管T的漏极电流Id也会发生变化。漏极电流Id输入至比较器122，即可利用比较器122对当前的电网电流进行检测。
比较器122接收到场效应管T的漏极电流Id后，将漏极电流Id与比较器内部的基准电流进行比较，并输出相应的比较信号。
载波发生器121根据比较信号的变化情况，输出相应的载波信号。当比较器122输出的比较信号在正常范围内时，载波发生器121输出幅值平稳的载波信号，以载波的方式输出平稳的交流电。当人体直接或间接接触到交流输出线时，比较器122会输出强度很高的(异常的)比较信号，载波发生器121根据比较信号的强度，输出相应幅度的安全载波信号，使交流电以安全载波的形式系统化稳定输出，使交流输出端输出对地的无功功率，能够起到安全隔离作用，使交流输出端不会通过人体与地形成回路。因此，本申请实施例提供的触电保护装置，能够有效预防各种原因造成的触电伤害。
进一步的是，本申请实施例中保护芯片还包括触发器123。触发器123的输入端连接比较器122的输出端。当供电线路发生短路或过载等现象时，比较信号会超出触发器123内部的预设值，触发器123就会输出断电信号，断开输电线路的电源。
采用本申请实施例提供的触电保护装置10，当人体直接或间接接触到交流输出线时，感应电路11能够感应到线路上的异常电流，并生成感应信号发送至比较器122，比较器根据异常的感应信号生强度很高的(异常的)比较信号，并将该异常的比较信号发送至保护芯片。保护芯片12根据比较信号的强度，生成相应幅度的安全载波信号，使交流电以安全载波的形式系统化稳定输出，使交流输出端输出对地的无功功率，能够起到安全隔离作用，使交流输出端不会通过人体与地形成回路。另外，交流输出端b、d之间仍然是有功功率，因此能够在预防触电伤害的同时，保持供电线路上各个用电设备的正常运行。
实施例二：
如图4所示，本申请实施例还提供一种供电系统20，包括变压器TB以及上述实施例一所提供的触电保护装置10。其中，变压器TB的初级线圈连接电网，变压器TB的次级线圈的两端分别连接交流输出端d与交流输出端b，输出交流电。
进一步的是，本实施例提供的供电系统20还包括第一继电器J1和第二继电器J2。第一继电器J1的控制线圈连接触电保护装置10中的保护芯片12的输出端，第一继电器J1的输出端与第二继电器J2的控制线圈以及控制电源21串联，第二继电器J2的输出端与变压器的初级线圈串联。
作为一个优选方案，第一继电器J1为常闭型继电器，即线圈不通电时第一继电器J1的输出端处于闭合状态。同时，第二继电器J2为常开型继电器，即线圈不通电时第一继电器J1的输出端处于断开状态。
在供电系统20正常供电的情况下，第一继电器J1的线圈不通电，第一继电器J1的输出端处于闭合状态，因此控制电源可通过第一继电器J1向第二继电器J2的线圈供电。第二继电器J2的线圈在通电的情况下，其输出端处于闭合状态，以维持变压器的初级线圈持续供电。同时，保护芯片12的输出端无断电信号输出。
当保护芯片12中的触发器123发出断电信号时，第一继电器J1的线圈通电，使第一继电器J1的输出端断开。由于第一继电器J1的输出端断开，因此第二继电器J2的线圈断电，使第二继电器J2的输出端断开，从而切断电网与变压器的初级线圈的连接，以切断供电系统的供电，从而实现供电线路的保护。
本实施例中，第一继电器J1采用常闭型继电器，第二继电器J2采用常开型继电器还具有以下优点：在实际的供电系统中，可以在第一继电器J1的输出端与第二继电器J2的线圈之间串联多个不同用途的继电器，比如用于过载保护的继电器、过压保护的继电器，以及用于短路保护的继电器。这些继电器也都采用常闭型继电器，并且每个继电器的输出端都与第二继电器J2的线圈串联，则其中任意一个继电器断开时，都可以使第二继电器J2的线圈断电，从而切断电力系统的供电。
本申请实施例提供的供电系统，与上述实施例一提供的触电保护装置具有相同的技术特征，所以也能解决相同的技术问题，达到相同的技术效果。
另外，在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
最后应说明的是：以上所述实施例，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制，本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，尽管参照前述实施例对本申 请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改或可轻易想到变化，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改、变化或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请实施例技术方案的精神和范围，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。
工业实用性
当人体直接或间接接触到交流输出线时，本申请实施例提供的触电保护装置中的感应电路能够获取线路上的异常电流，根据异常电流生成感应信号，将感应信号发送至保护芯片。保护芯片根据该感应信号，生成相应的安全载波信号，将安全载波信号输入交流输出端。交流输出端的信号在安全载波信号的影响下，以安全载波的形式系统化稳定输出对地的无功功率的交流电，能够起到安全隔离作用，使交流输出端不会通过人体与地形成回路。因此，本申请实施例提供的触电保护装置，能够有效预防各种原因造成的触电伤害。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种触电保护装置，其特征在于，包括感应电路和保护芯片；
    所述感应电路配置成感应交流输出端的电流信号，生成感应信号，并将所述感应信号传输至所述保护芯片；
    所述保护芯片配置成根据所述感应信号生成安全载波信号，并将所述安全载波信号输出至交流输出端，使交流输出端输出对地的无功功率。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的触电保护装置，其特征在于，还包括整流电路；
    所述整流电路的输入端连接交流输出端，所述整流电路的输出端连接所述保护芯片的电源端。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的触电保护装置，其特征在于，所述整流电路为整流桥。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的触电保护装置，其特征在于，所述保护芯片包括场效应管、比较器和载波发生器；
    所述场效应管的栅极连接所述感应电路，源极接地，漏极连接所述比较器的输入端；
    所述比较器的输出端连接所述载波发生器的输入端，所述载波发生器的输出端通过二极管连接交流输出端；
    所述比较器配置成根据所述场效应管漏极电流输出比较信号，所述载波发生器根据所述比较信号输出载波信号。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的触电保护装置，其特征在于，所述场效应管为N沟道结型场效应管。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的触电保护装置，其特征在于，所述保护芯片中还包括触发器；
    所述触发器的输入端连接所述比较器的输出端；
    所述触发器配置成当所述比较信号超出预设值时输出断电信号。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的触电保护装置，其特征在于，所述感应电路包括感应电阻，所述感应电阻连接在所述保护芯片与交流输出端之间。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的触电保护装置，其特征在于，所述感应电路还包括与所述感应电阻耦合连接的感应电容。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的触电保护装置，其特征在于，所述感应电容的数量为两个，分别为第一感应电容和第二感应电容，所述第一电容和所述第二电容均与所述感应电阻耦合。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的触电保护装置，其特征在于，还包括二极管，所述感应电阻的一端、所述第一感应电容的一端和所述第二感应电容的一端均与所述二极管的阴极端耦合，感应电阻的一端、所述第一感应电容的一端和所述第二感应电容的一端均与所述保护芯片的输入端连接，所述二极管的阳极端与所述保护芯片的输出端连接，所述二极管的阴极端与所述交流输出端耦合。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的触电保护装置，其特征在于，所述第一感应电容和所述第二感应电容均为可调节电容。
  12. 一种供电系统，其特征在于，包括变压器以及如权利要求1至7任一项所述的触电保护装置；
    所述变压器的初级线圈连接电网，所述变压器的次级线圈的连接交流输出端。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的供电系统，其特征在于，还包括第一继电器和第二继电器；
    所述触电保护装置中的保护芯片包括触发器；
    所述第一继电器的控制线圈连接所述触发器的输出端，所述第一继电器的输出端与所述第二继电器的控制线圈串联，所述第二继电器的输出端与所述初级线圈串联。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的供电系统，其特征在于，所述第一继电器为常闭型继电器，所述第二继电器为常开型继电器。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的供电系统，其特征在于，还包括控制电源，所述第一继电器的输出端与所述第二继电器的控制线圈以及所述控制电源串联，所述第二继电器的输出端与所述初级线圈串联。
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