WO2018153000A1 - 过压保护装置及供电系统 - Google Patents

过压保护装置及供电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018153000A1
WO2018153000A1 PCT/CN2017/091221 CN2017091221W WO2018153000A1 WO 2018153000 A1 WO2018153000 A1 WO 2018153000A1 CN 2017091221 W CN2017091221 W CN 2017091221W WO 2018153000 A1 WO2018153000 A1 WO 2018153000A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diode
electrically connected
resistor
relay
protection chip
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PCT/CN2017/091221
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马健
马骥
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中领世能（天津）科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2018153000A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018153000A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16533—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application
    • G01R19/16538—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies
    • G01R19/16547—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies voltage or current in AC supplies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/22—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using conversion of ac into dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of safe power supply technologies, and in particular, to an overvoltage protection device and a power supply system.
  • the current utility power is usually powered by two output lines, one of which is a live line and the other is a zero line.
  • the voltage between the live line and the neutral line is the mains voltage. In the actual power supply process, it is not guaranteed to work at rated voltage, but to operate in a range around the rated voltage. If the output voltage is 15% higher than the rated voltage, it is usually considered as overvoltage. Zero-line stolen, equipment aging, technical failure, human failure, natural disasters, power outages, and other reasons may lead to overpressure. Overvoltage will use electrical equipment to generate heat, breakdown, burnout, and even cause fire, so prevent Overpressure is very necessary.
  • overvoltage protectors typically use air switches or relays to monitor the voltage of the mains output line. When the voltage of the output line is too large, the power supply of the output line is cut off by means of an air switch or a relay disconnection to protect the line and the electrical equipment. However, the existing overvoltage protector has low sensitivity and cannot effectively protect the line when an overvoltage occurs.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an overvoltage protection device and a power supply system capable of effectively protecting a transmission line when an overvoltage occurs, and improving the safety of the transmission line.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an overvoltage protection device, including an induction coil, a rectifier circuit, and a protection chip;
  • the induction coil is configured to be wound around a secondary core of the transformer and generate an alternating current sensing signal
  • the rectifier circuit is connected between the induction coil and the protection chip, and the rectifier circuit rectifies the AC induction signal into a DC induction signal;
  • the protection chip receives the DC induction signal, and when the DC induction signal exceeds a preset value, the protection chip outputs a power down signal.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the rectifier circuit is a rectifier bridge.
  • the rectifier bridge includes a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, and a fourth diode, and a cathode of the first diode is electrically connected to the first a cathode of the second diode, a cathode of the second diode is electrically connected to a cathode of the fourth diode, and a cathode of the fourth diode is electrically connected to the third diode a cathode of the third diode electrically connected to a cathode of the first diode;
  • One end of the induction coil is electrically connected between the first diode and the second diode, and the other end is electrically connected to the third diode and the fourth diode between.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the overvoltage protection device further includes a filter circuit and an amplification connected between the rectifier circuit and the protection chip. Circuit.
  • the filter circuit includes a first filter capacitor, a second filter capacitor, and a filter resistor, and the second filter capacitor is connected in series with the filter resistor and is connected in parallel to both ends of the first filter capacitor.
  • One end of the first filter capacitor is electrically connected between the first diode and the third diode, and the other end is electrically connected to the second diode and the fourth diode between.
  • the amplifying circuit includes a first variable resistor, a Zener diode, a PNP type transistor, a first resistor, and a second resistor;
  • One end of the first resistor is electrically connected between the filter resistor and the second filter capacitor, and the other end is electrically connected to the first diode and the first resistor via the Zener diode and the first variable resistor
  • the base of the PNP-type transistor is electrically connected to the movable end of the first variable resistor, and the emitter of the PNP-type transistor is electrically connected to the first diode and Between the third diodes, the collector of the PNP-type transistor is electrically connected between the second filter capacitor and the filter resistor via the second resistor;
  • the collector of the PNP type transistor is electrically connected to the first input end of the protection chip.
  • the amplifying circuit further includes a second variable resistor, the second variable resistor is connected in parallel with the second filter capacitor, and a power supply terminal of the protection chip is electrically connected to the second The active end of the variable resistor is electrically connected between the second variable resistor and the filter resistor.
  • the resistance values of the first variable resistor and the second variable resistor range from 0 to 5.1 k ⁇ .
  • the power supply terminal of the protection chip is electrically connected between the first diode and the third diode, and the power supply terminal of the protection chip is electrically connected to the second filter. Between the capacitor and the filter resistor.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the protection chip includes a comparison unit and a trigger unit;
  • the comparing unit receives the DC sensing signal, and compares the DC sensing signal with the preset value
  • the trigger unit When the DC sensing signal exceeds a preset value, the trigger unit outputs a power down signal.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the trigger unit is provided with a multi-stable trigger;
  • the multi-stable trigger outputs a power down signal when the DC sense signal exceeds a preset value.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a power supply system including a transformer and the above-mentioned overvoltage protection device;
  • the primary coil of the transformer is connected to the power grid, and the secondary coil is connected to the AC output end;
  • the induction coil in the overvoltage protection device is wound around the secondary core of the transformer.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, wherein the power supply system further includes a first relay;
  • An output end of the protection chip is connected to a control end of the first relay.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a second possible implementation manner of the second aspect, wherein the first output end of the protection chip is connected to the control coil of the first relay through a triac;
  • the second output end of the protection chip is connected to the control end of the triac through a current limiting resistor.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a third possible implementation manner of the second aspect, wherein the power supply system further includes a second relay;
  • An output of the first relay is connected in series with a control coil of the second relay, and an output of the second relay is connected in series with the primary coil.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a fourth possible implementation manner of the second aspect, wherein the first relay is a normally closed relay, and the second relay is a normally open relay.
  • the overvoltage protection device includes an induction coil, a rectifier circuit and a protection chip.
  • the induction coil is configured to be wound around the secondary core of the transformer, and generates an alternating current sensing signal by inducing a change in the magnetic field of the primary core of the transformer.
  • the rectifier circuit is connected between the induction coil and the protection chip, and is configured to rectify the AC induction signal into a DC induction signal.
  • the protection chip receives the DC induction signal. When the DC induction signal exceeds the preset value, the protection chip outputs a power-off signal and disconnects the power of the transmission line.
  • the overvoltage protection device electromagnetically senses the primary core of the transformer by using an induction coil, and the current of the induction coil is used as a condition of overvoltage protection, thereby improving the sensitivity of the circuit protection and more effectively protecting Transmission lines, thereby improving the safety of transmission lines.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overvoltage protection device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an overvoltage protection device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a protection chip in an overvoltage protection device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power supply system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • overvoltage protectors typically use air switches or relays to monitor the voltage of the mains output line. When the voltage of the output line is too large, the power supply of the output line is cut off by means of an air switch or a relay disconnection to protect the line and the electrical equipment. However, the existing overvoltage protector has low sensitivity and cannot effectively protect the line when an overvoltage occurs.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an overvoltage protection device and a power supply system capable of effectively protecting a transmission line when an overvoltage occurs, and improving the safety of the transmission line.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the embodiment of the invention provides an overvoltage protection device, which can be applied to a power supply scenario such as a home, an office, or a factory.
  • the overvoltage protection device includes an induction coil L1, a rectifier circuit, and a protection chip.
  • the induction coil is used to wrap around the secondary core of the transformer, and generates an alternating current sensing signal by inducing a change in the magnetic field of the primary core of the transformer.
  • the rectifier circuit is connected between the induction coil L1 and the protection chip for rectifying the AC induction signal induced by the induction coil L1 into a DC induction signal.
  • the protection chip receives the DC induction signal. When the DC induction signal exceeds the preset value, the protection chip outputs a power-off signal and disconnects the power of the transmission line.
  • the primary core of the transformer is electromagnetically induced by the induction coil L1, and the current of the induction coil L1 is used as a condition for overvoltage protection, thereby providing sensitivity of circuit protection and being more effective. Protect the transmission line, thus improving the safety of the transmission line.
  • the rectifier circuit can be implemented in the form of a rectifier bridge, and the rectifier bridge includes four diodes, and the four diodes are a first diode D1, a second diode D2, and a third diode D3, respectively.
  • Fourth diode D4 said The first diode D1, the second diode D2, the third diode D3, and the fourth diode D4 are bridge-connected.
  • the negative electrode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the second diode D2, and the negative electrode of the second diode D2 and the negative electrode of the fourth diode D4.
  • the anode of the fourth diode D4 is electrically connected to the cathode of the third diode D3, and the anode of the third diode D3 and the anode of the first diode D1 are electrically connected. connection.
  • One end of the induction coil L1 is electrically connected between the first diode D1 and the second diode D2, and the other end is electrically connected to the third diode D3 and the fourth diode Between tubes D4.
  • the rectifier bridge can rectify the AC induction signal sensed by the induction coil L1 to form a DC induction signal.
  • the overvoltage protection device further includes a filter circuit connected between the rectifier circuit and the protection chip.
  • the filter circuit may include a first filter capacitor C1, a second filter capacitor C2, and a filter resistor R1.
  • the second filter capacitor C2 is connected in series with the filter resistor R1 and then connected in parallel to both ends of the first filter capacitor C1.
  • One end of the first filter capacitor C1 is electrically connected between the first diode D1 and the second diode D2, and the other end is electrically connected between the second diode D2 and the fourth diode D4.
  • the DC sensing signal is filtered by the first filter capacitor C1, the second filter capacitor C2, and the filter resistor R1 to limit the voltage of the DC sense signal to a certain range.
  • the output end of the filter circuit further supplies power to the protection chip by connecting the power terminals V+ and V- of the protection chip, and the two ends of the second filter capacitor C2 are the output ends of the filter circuit.
  • the power supply terminal V- of the protection chip is electrically connected between the second filter capacitor C2 and the filter resistor R1, and the power terminal V+ of the protection chip is electrically connected to the first diode D1. Between the third diodes D3.
  • the overvoltage protection device further includes an amplification circuit connected between the filter circuit and the protection chip.
  • the amplifying circuit is mainly composed of a first variable resistor W1 and a PNP type transistor T1.
  • the DC induction signal can generate a large current signal through the amplification of the PNP type transistor T1, and the current signal is converted into an induced voltage after passing through the second resistor R3.
  • the signal is input to the first input a1 of the protection chip.
  • the Zener diode D5 and the first resistor R2 connected in series with the first variable resistor W1 function as a voltage regulator and a current limit, respectively.
  • One end of the first resistor R2 is electrically connected between the filter resistor R1 and the second filter capacitor C2, and the other end is electrically connected to the first diode D1 via the Zener diode D5 and the first variable resistor W1. Between three diodes D3.
  • the base of the PNP-type transistor T1 is electrically connected to the movable end of the first variable resistor W1.
  • the emitter of the PNP-type transistor T1 is electrically connected between the first diode D1 and the third diode D3.
  • the collector of the PNP transistor T1 is electrically connected between the second filter capacitor C2 and the filter resistor R1 via the second resistor R3.
  • the collector of the PNP transistor T1 is also electrically connected to the first input end a1 of the protection chip.
  • the amplifying circuit further includes a second variable resistor W2 for converting the DC induction signal into a reference voltage signal and inputting the second input end a2 of the protection chip.
  • the second variable resistor W2 is connected in parallel with the second filter capacitor C2.
  • the power supply terminal V+ of the protection chip is electrically connected to the active end of the second variable resistor W2, and the second input terminal a2 of the protection chip is electrically connected to the second variable. Between the resistor W2 and the filter resistor R1.
  • the resistance values of the variable resistors W1 and W2 can be adjusted between 0 and 5.1 k ⁇ , and the specific resistance values of the variable resistors W1 and W2 can be adjusted according to the voltage and current conditions of the application scenario at the time of shipment. Settings.
  • the protection chip mainly monitors the induced voltage signal received by the first input terminal a1, and outputs a power-off signal according to the change of the induced voltage signal. At the same time, the protection chip can also monitor the reference voltage signal received by the second input terminal a2, and can also output the power-off signal when the reference voltage signal is abnormal.
  • the protection chip in this embodiment specifically includes a comparison unit and a trigger unit.
  • the comparing unit receives the DC sensing signal (ie, the induced voltage signal and the reference voltage signal), and compares the induced voltage signal and the reference voltage signal with corresponding preset values. When the induced voltage signal exceeds the corresponding preset value, or the reference voltage signal exceeds the corresponding preset value, the trigger unit outputs a power-off signal to disconnect the power of the power transmission line.
  • a multi-stable trigger is disposed in the trigger unit, and when the DC sensing signal exceeds a preset value, the multi-stable trigger outputs a power-off signal.
  • Multi-stable flip-flops also known as n-state flip-flops, are a further development of bistable contacts. If there is DC coupling between the input of each of the n amplification stages and the output of the remaining stages, then n steady states are obtained under a certain strip, and only one level of conduction is achieved at each steady state, and The rest are closed. In non-binary counting lines, multi-state flip-flops can achieve fast response in many different states, so the response speed is faster than that of the flip-flop.
  • the protection chip can respond within 0.1 seconds, thereby disconnecting the power supply in a very short time. , effectively protect the electrical equipment and power supply lines.
  • the primary core of the transformer is electromagnetically induced by the induction coil L1 wound around the secondary core, and the current of the induction coil L1 is used as a condition for overvoltage protection, thereby providing
  • the sensitivity of the circuit protection is more effective in protecting the transmission line, thereby improving the safety of the transmission line.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a power supply system including a transformer TB and an overvoltage protection device provided in the first embodiment.
  • the primary coil L3 of the transformer TB is connected to the power grid, and the secondary coil L2 is connected to the AC output end as an AC output terminal to provide AC power for the electrical equipment.
  • the induction coil L1 in the overvoltage protection device is wound around the secondary core of the transformer.
  • the power supply system provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a first relay J1, and an output end of the protection chip is connected to the control end of the first relay J1.
  • the protection chip in this embodiment has two output terminals b1 and b2.
  • the first output end b1 of the protection chip is connected to the control coil of the first relay J1 through the bidirectional thyristor BG; the second output end b2 of the protection chip is connected to the control end of the triac BG through the current limiting resistor R4.
  • the thyristor BG also known as the Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR), has the characteristics of small size, relatively simple structure, and strong function, and is one of the more commonly used semiconductor devices.
  • the thyristor BG in this embodiment is a bidirectional thyristor.
  • the bidirectional thyristor is a bidirectional conductive device like the bidirectional diode. The difference is that there is one more control segment, which makes it have completely different operating characteristics from the diode. When a level signal is input to the control terminal of the triac, the cathode and the anode are turned on.
  • the level of the output of the second output terminal b2 of the protection chip is transmitted to the control terminal of the triac BG to turn on the conduction of the triac BG.
  • the level of the output of the first output terminal b1 of the protection chip is output to the control coil of the first relay J1 through the triac BG, so that the output end of the first relay J1 is disconnected, thereby realizing the protection of the power supply line.
  • a resistor R5 and a light-emitting diode D6 are further connected in series between the second output terminal b2 of the protection chip and the bidirectional thyristor BG.
  • the fault current causes the LED D6 to emit an alarm light to remind the user to eliminate it in time. malfunction.
  • the power supply system provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a second relay J2.
  • the output of the first relay J1 is connected in series with the control coil of the second relay J2, and the output of the second relay J2 is connected in series with the primary coil L3 of the transformer TB.
  • the first relay J1 is a normally closed relay, that is, the output end of the first relay J1 is in a closed state when the control coil is not energized.
  • the second relay J2 is a normally open type relay, that is, the output end of the first relay J1 is in an off state when the control coil is not energized.
  • the control coil of the first relay J1 is not energized, and the output end of the first relay J1 is in a closed state, so the control power supply can supply power to the control coil of the second relay J2 through the first relay J1.
  • the control coil of the second relay J2 is energized, its output terminal is in a closed state to maintain the primary coil L3 of the transformer TB for continuous power supply.
  • the first output terminal b1 and the second output terminal b2 of the protection chip have no level signal output.
  • the control coil of the first relay J1 When the trigger unit in the protection chip issues a power-off signal, the control coil of the first relay J1 is energized to disconnect the output terminal of the first relay J1. Since the output end of the first relay J1 is disconnected, the control coil of the second relay J2 is de-energized, and the output end of the second relay J2 is disconnected, thereby disconnecting the grid from the primary coil L3 of the transformer TB to cut off the power supply system.
  • the power supply ensures the protection of the power supply line.
  • the first relay J1 adopts a normally closed type relay
  • the second relay J2 adopts a normally open type relay
  • a plurality of relays for different purposes are connected in series between the control coils, such as relays for arc protection, relays for overvoltage protection, and relays for short circuit protection.
  • These relays also use a normally closed relay, and the output of each relay is connected in series with the control coil of the second relay J2, and when any one of the relays is turned off, the control coil of the second relay J2 can be powered off. Thereby cutting off the power supply of the power system.
  • the power supply system provided by the second embodiment of the present invention has the same same function as the overvoltage protection device provided in the first embodiment.
  • the technical features can also solve the same technical problems and achieve the same technical effects.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless otherwise explicitly defined and defined. , or connected integrally; may be mechanical connection or electrical connection; may be directly connected, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication between the two elements.
  • installation may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless otherwise explicitly defined and defined.
  • connected integrally may be mechanical connection or electrical connection; may be directly connected, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication between the two elements.
  • the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case by those skilled in the art.
  • the overvoltage protection device includes an induction coil, a rectifier circuit and a protection chip.
  • the coil is configured to be wound around the secondary core of the transformer, and an alternating current sensing signal is generated by inducing a change in the magnetic field of the primary core of the transformer.
  • the rectifier circuit is connected between the induction coil and the protection chip, and is configured to rectify the AC induction signal into a DC induction signal.
  • the protection chip receives the DC induction signal. When the DC induction signal exceeds the preset value, the protection chip outputs a power-off signal and disconnects the power of the transmission line.
  • the overvoltage protection device electromagnetically senses the primary core of the transformer by using an induction coil, and the current of the induction coil is used as a condition of overvoltage protection, thereby improving the sensitivity of the circuit protection and more effectively protecting Transmission lines, thereby improving the safety of transmission lines.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种过压保护装置以及供电系统，涉及安全供电的技术领域，能够在发生过压时有效保护输电线路，提高了输电线路的安全性。该过压保护装置，包括感应线圈（L1）、整流电路和保护芯片；所述感应线圈（L1）配置成缠绕在变压器（TB）的次级铁芯，并产生交流感应信号；所述整流电路连接在所述感应线圈（L1）与所述保护芯片之间，所述整流电路将所述交流感应信号整流为直流感应信号；所述保护芯片接收所述直流感应信号，当所述直流感应信号超出预设值时，所述保护芯片输出断电信号。

Description

过压保护装置及供电系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2017年02月22日提交中国专利局的申请号为2017100984926、名称为“过压保护装置以及供电系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及安全供电技术领域，尤其是涉及一种过压保护装置以及供电系统。
背景技术
随着电力技术的发展，工频交流电(即市电)已经遍布每一个家庭和单位，用电的安全性也变得越来越重要。
目前的市电通常由两条输出线供电，其中一条为火线，另一条为零线，火线与零线之间的电压即为市电电压。在实际的供电过程中，不能完全保证在额定电压下工作，而是在额定电压附近的一个范围内工作。如果输出电压高出额定电压的15％，通常就被认定为过压现象。零线被盗、设备老化、技术故障、人为故障、自然灾害、停电再来电等原因都有可能导致过压现象，过压会使用电设备发热、击穿、烧坏，甚至引起火灾，因此防范过压现象是十分必要的。
目前的过压保护器通常是采用空气开关或继电器等方式，对市电的输出线路的电压进行监测。当输出线路的电压过大时，利用空气开关或继电器断开等方式，切断输出线路的供电，以实现线路及用电设备的保护。但是，现有的过压保护器的灵敏度较低，在发生过压时不能有效对线路进行保护。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种过压保护装置以及供电系统，能够在发生过压时有效保护输电线路，提高了输电线路的安全性。
第一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种过压保护装置，包括感应线圈、整流电路和保护芯片；
所述感应线圈配置成缠绕在变压器的次级铁芯，并产生交流感应信号；
所述整流电路连接在所述感应线圈与所述保护芯片之间，所述整流电路将所述交流感应信号整流为直流感应信号；
所述保护芯片接收所述直流感应信号，当所述直流感应信号超出预设值时，所述保护芯片输出断电信号。
结合第一方面，本发明实施例提供了第一方面的第一种可能的实施方式，其中，所述整流电路为整流桥。
结合第一方面，所述整流桥包括第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管及第四二极管，所述第一二极管的负极电性连接于所述第二二极管的正极，所述第二二极管的负极电性连接于所述第四二极管的负极，所述第四二极管的正极电性连接于所述第三二极管的负极，所述第三二极管的正极电性连接于所述第一二极管的正极；
所述感应线圈的一端电性连接于所述第一二极管与所述第二二极管之间，另一端电性连接于所述第三二极管与所述第四二极管之间。
结合第一方面，本发明实施例提供了第一方面的第二种可能的实施方式，其中，该过压保护装置还包括连接在所述整流电路与所述保护芯片之间的滤波电路和放大电路。
结合第一方面，所述滤波电路包括第一滤波电容、第二滤波电容及滤波电阻，所述第二滤波电容与所述滤波电阻串联后并联至所述第一滤波电容的两端，所述第一滤波电容的一端电性连接于所述第一二极管与所述第三二极管之间，另一端电性连接于所述第二二极管与所述第四二极管之间。
结合第一方面，所述放大电路包括第一可变电阻、稳压二极管、PNP型三极管、第一电阻以及第二电阻；
所述第一电阻的一端电性连接于所述滤波电阻与第二滤波电容之间，另一端经所述稳压二极管和第一可变电阻电性连接于所述第一二极管与第三二极管之间；所述PNP型三极管的基极与所述第一可变电阻的活动端电性连接，所述PNP型三极管的发射极电性连接于所述第一二极管与第三二极管之间，所述PNP型三极管的集电极经所述第二电阻后电性连接于所述第二滤波电容与所述滤波电阻之间；
所述PNP型三极管的集电极与所述保护芯片的第一输入端电性连接。
结合第一方面，所述放大电路还包括第二可变电阻，所述第二可变电阻与所述第二滤波电容并联，所述保护芯片的电源端正极电性连接于所述第二可变电阻的活动端，所述保护芯片的第二输入端电性连接于所述第二可变电阻与所述滤波电阻之间。
结合第一方面，所述第一可变电阻与第二可变电阻的阻值变化范围为0～5.1kΩ。
结合第一方面，所述保护芯片的电源端正极电性连接于所述第一二极管与第三二极管之间，所述保护芯片的电源端负极电性连接于所述第二滤波电容与滤波电阻之间。
结合第一方面，本发明实施例提供了第一方面的第三种可能的实施方式，其中，所述保护芯片中包括比较单元和触发单元；
所述比较单元接收所述直流感应信号，并将所述直流感应信号与所述预设值进行比较；
当所述直流感应信号超出预设值时，所述触发单元输出断电信号。
结合第一方面，本发明实施例提供了第一方面的第四种可能的实施方式，其中，所述触发单元中设置有多稳态触发器；
当所述直流感应信号超出预设值时，所述多稳态触发器输出断电信号。
第二方面，本发明实施例还提供一种供电系统，包括变压器以及上述的过压保护装置；
所述变压器的初级线圈连接电网，次级线圈连接交流输出端；
所述过压保护装置中的感应线圈缠绕在变压器的次级铁芯。
结合第二方面，本发明实施例提供了第二方面的第一种可能的实施方式，其中，该供电系统还包括第一继电器；
所述保护芯片的输出端连接所述第一继电器的控制端。
结合第二方面，本发明实施例提供了第二方面的第二种可能的实施方式，其中，所述保护芯片的第一输出端通过双向可控硅连接所述第一继电器的控制线圈；
所述保护芯片的第二输出端通过限流电阻连接所述双向可控硅的控制端。
结合第二方面，本发明实施例提供了第二方面的第三种可能的实施方式，其中，该供电系统还包括第二继电器；
所述第一继电器的输出端与所述第二继电器的控制线圈串联，所述第二继电器的输出端与所述初级线圈串联。
结合第二方面，本发明实施例提供了第二方面的第四种可能的实施方式，其中，所述第一继电器为常闭型继电器，所述第二继电器为常开型继电器。
本发明实施例带来了以下有益效果：
本发明实施例提供的过压保护装置中，包括感应线圈、整流电路和保护芯片。其中，感应线圈配置成缠绕在变压器的次级铁芯，通过感应变压器的初级铁芯的磁场变化情况，产生交流感应信号。整流电路连接在感应线圈与保护芯片之间，配置成将交流感应信号整流为直流感应信号。保护芯片接收直流感应信号，当直流感应信号超出预设值时，保护芯片输出断电信号，断开输电线路的电源。本发明实施例提供的过压保护装置，利用感应线圈对变压器的初级铁芯进行电磁感应，并将该感应线圈的电流大小作为过压保护的条件，因此能够提高电路保护的灵敏度，更加有效保护输电线路，从而提高了输电线路的安全性。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本发明而了解。本发明的目的和其他优点在说明书、权利要求书以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂，下文特举较佳实施例，并配合所附附图，作详细说明如下。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例一提供的过压保护装置的示意图；
图2为本发明实施例一提供的过压保护装置的示意图；
图3为本发明实施例一提供的过压保护装置中保护芯片的示意图；
图4为本发明实施例二提供的供电系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
目前的过压保护器通常是采用空气开关或继电器等方式，对市电的输出线路的电压进行监测。当输出线路的电压过大时，利用空气开关或继电器断开等方式，切断输出线路的供电，以实现线路及用电设备的保护。但是，现有的过压保护器的灵敏度较低，在发生过压时不能有效对线路进行保护。
基于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种过压保护装置以及供电系统，能够在发生过压时有效保护输电线路，提高了输电线路的安全性。
实施例一：
本发明实施例提供一种过压保护装置，可应用于家庭、办公、工厂等供电场景。如图1和图2所示，该过压保护装置包括感应线圈L1、整流电路和保护芯片。
其中，感应线圈用于缠绕在变压器的次级铁芯，通过感应变压器的初级铁芯的磁场变化情况，产生交流感应信号。整流电路连接在感应线圈L1与保护芯片之间，用于将感应线圈L1感应到的交流感应信号整流为直流感应信号。保护芯片接收直流感应信号，当直流感应信号超出预设值时，保护芯片输出断电信号，断开输电线路的电源。
本发明实施例提供的过压保护装置，利用感应线圈L1对变压器的初级铁芯进行电磁感应，并将感应线圈L1的电流大小作为过压保护的条件，因此能够提供电路保护的灵敏度，更加有效保护输电线路，从而提高了输电线路的安全性。
本实施例中，整流电路可以采用整流桥的形式实现，整流桥包括四个二极管，所述四个二极管分别为第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第三二极管D3及第四二极管D4，所述 第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第三二极管D3及第四二极管D4桥式连接。其中，所述第一二极管D1的负极与所述第二二极管D2的负极电性连接，所述第二二极管D2的负极与所述第四二极管D4的负极电性连接，所述第四二极管D4的正极与所述第三二极管D3的负极电性连接，所述第三二极管D3的正极与所述第一二极管D1的正极电性连接。感应线圈L1的一端电性连接于所述第一二极管D1与所述第二二极管D2之间，另一端电性连接于所述第三二极管D3与所述第四二极管D4之间。如此，所述整流桥可对感应线圈L1感应到的交流感应信号进行整流，形成直流感应信号。
本发明实施例提供的过压保护装置中，还包括连接在整流电路与保护芯片之间的滤波电路。滤波电路可以包括第一滤波电容C1、第二滤波电容C2和滤波电阻R1，其中，第二滤波电容C2与滤波电阻R1串联后并联至第一滤波电容C1的两端。第一滤波电容C1的一端电性连接于第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2之间，另一端电性连接于第二二极管D2和第四二极管D4之间。通过第一滤波电容C1、第二滤波电容C2以及滤波电阻R1对直流感应信号进行滤波，使直流感应信号的电压限制在一定范围之内。
此外，滤波电路的输出端还通过连接保护芯片的电源端V+、V-，为保护芯片提供电源，第二滤波电容C2的两端为所述滤波电路的输出端。其中，所述保护芯片的电源端V-电性连接于所述第二滤波电容C2与滤波电阻R1之间，所述保护芯片的电源端V+电性连接于所述第一二极管D1与第三二极管D3之间。
进一步，本发明实施例提供的过压保护装置中，还包括连接在滤波电路与保护芯片之间的放大电路。放大电路主要由第一可变电阻W1和PNP型三极管T1构成，直流感应信号通过PNP型三极管T1的放大作用，可生成较大的电流信号，该电流信号经过第二电阻R3后转换为感应电压信号，并输入保护芯片的第一输入端a1。与第一可变电阻W1串联的稳压二极管D5和第一电阻R2，分别起到稳压和限流的作用。第一电阻R2的一端电性连接于滤波电阻R1与第二滤波电容C2之间，另一端经稳压二极管D5和第一可变电阻W1电性连接于所述第一二极管D1和第三二极管D3之间。PNP型三极管T1的基极与第一可变电阻W1的活动端电性连接，PNP型三极管T1的发射极电性连接于所述第一二极管D1和第三二极管D3之间，PNP型三极管T1的集电极经第二电阻R3后电性连接于所述第二滤波电容C2与滤波电阻R1之间。其中，所述PNP型三极管T1的集电极还电性连接于所述保护芯片的第一输入端a1。
此外，该放大电路中还包括第二可变电阻W2，第二可变电阻W2用于将直流感应信号转换为参考电压信号，输入保护芯片的第二输入端a2。第二可变电阻W2余第二滤波电容C2并联，保护芯片的电源端V+电性连接于第二可变电阻W2的活动端，保护芯片的第二输入端a2电性连接于第二可变电阻W2与滤波电阻R1之间。
本实施例中，可变电阻W1、W2的阻值均可在0至5.1kΩ之间调节，可变电阻W1、W2具体的阻值可以在出厂时，根据应用场景的电压、电流情况进行调节设置。
保护芯片主要对第一输入端a1接收到的感应电压信号进行监测，并根据感应电压信号的变化输出断电信号。同时，保护芯片也可以对第二输入端a2接收到的参考电压信号进行监测，当参考电压信号出现异常时也可以输出断电信号。
如图3所示，本实施例中的保护芯片中具体包括比较单元和触发单元。比较单元接收直流感应信号(即感应电压信号和参考电压信号)，并将感应电压信号和参考电压信号与相对应的预设值进行比较。当感应电压信号超出相对应的预设值，或参考电压信号超出相对应的预设值时，触发单元就会输出断电信号，断开输电线路的电源。
作为一个优选方案，触发单元中设置有多稳态触发器，当直流感应信号超出预设值时，多稳态触发器输出断电信号。多稳态触发器也称为n稳态触发器，是双稳态触器的进一步发展。如果n个放大级的每一级的输入与其余各级的输出端之间有直流耦合，则在一定条下可得到n个稳态,并且在每一个稳态时只有一级导通，而其余的均截止。在非二进制计数线路中，采用多态触发器能够实现多种不同状态下的快速响应，因此比双稳态触发器的响应速度更快。
本发明实施例中通过采用具有高灵敏度的比较单元和触发单元，并且在触发单元中设置多稳态触发器，使保护芯片能够在0.1秒以内响应，从而在极短的时间内断开供电电源，有效保护用电设备和供电线路。
本发明实施例提供的过压保护装置，利用缠绕在次级铁芯的感应线圈L1对变压器的初级铁芯进行电磁感应，并将感应线圈L1的电流大小作为过压保护的条件，因此能够提供电路保护的灵敏度，更加有效保护输电线路，从而提高了输电线路的安全性。
实施例二：
如图4所示，本发明实施例提供一种供电系统，包括变压器TB以及上述实施例一所提供的过压保护装置。其中，变压器TB的初级线圈L3连接电网，次级线圈L2连接交流输出端，作为交流输出端，为用电设备提供交流电源。过压保护装置中的感应线圈L1缠绕在变压器的次级铁芯。
本发明实施例提供的供电系统中，还包括第一继电器J1，保护芯片的输出端连接第一继电器J1的控制端。
具体的，本实施例中的保护芯片具有两个输出端b1、b2。其中，保护芯片的第一输出端b1通过双向可控硅BG连接第一继电器J1的控制线圈；保护芯片的第二输出端b2通过限流电阻R4连接至双向可控硅BG的控制端。
可控硅BG也称为晶闸管(Silicon Controlled Rectifier，简称SCR)，具有体积小、结构相对简单、功能强等特点，是比较常用的半导体器件之一。本实施例中的可控硅BG为双向晶闸管，双向晶闸管和双向二极管一样，是一种双向导电的器件，不同点是多了一个控制段，这就使它具有与二极管完全不同的工作特性。当向双向晶闸管的控制端输入电平信号时，阴极和阳极才会导通。
保护芯片的第二输出端b2输出的电平传输至双向可控硅BG的控制端，使双向可控硅BG的导通。同时，保护芯片的第一输出端b1输出的电平通过双向可控硅BG输出至第一继电器J1的控制线圈，使第一继电器J1输出端断开，从而实现供电线路的保护。
另外，保护芯片的第二输出端b2与双向可控硅BG之间还串联有电阻R5和发光二极管D6，当保护芯片发生故障时，故障电流会使发光二极管D6发出报警灯光，提醒用户及时排除故障。
进一步，本发明实施例提供的供电系统还包括第二继电器J2。第一继电器J1的输出端与第二继电器J2的控制线圈串联，第二继电器J2的输出端与变压器TB的初级线圈L3串联。
作为一个优选方案，第一继电器J1为常闭型继电器，即控制线圈不通电时第一继电器J1的输出端处于闭合状态。同时，第二继电器J2为常开型继电器，即控制线圈不通电时第一继电器J1的输出端处于断开状态。
在供电系统正常供电的情况下，第一继电器J1的控制线圈不通电，第一继电器J1的输出端处于闭合状态，因此控制电源可通过第一继电器J1向第二继电器J2的控制线圈供电。第二继电器J2的控制线圈在通电的情况下，其输出端处于闭合状态，以维持变压器TB的初级线圈L3持续供电。同时，保护芯片的第一输出端b1和第二输出端b2无电平信号输出。
当保护芯片中的触发单元发出断电信号时，第一继电器J1的控制线圈通电，使第一继电器J1的输出端断开。由于第一继电器J1的输出端断开，因此第二继电器J2的控制线圈断电，使第二继电器J2的输出端断开，从而切断电网与变压器TB的初级线圈L3的连接，以切断供电系统的供电，实现供电线路的保护。
本实施例中，第一继电器J1采用常闭型继电器，第二继电器J2采用常开型继电器还具有以下优点：在实际的供电系统中，可以在第一继电器J1的输出端与第二继电器J2的控制线圈之间串联多个不同用途的继电器，比如用于电弧保护的继电器、过压保护的继电器，以及用于短路保护的继电器。这些继电器也都采用常闭型继电器，并且每个继电器的输出端都与第二继电器J2的控制线圈串联，则其中任意一个继电器断开时，都可以使第二继电器J2的控制线圈断电，从而切断电力系统的供电。
本发明实施例二提供的供电系统，与上述实施例一提供的过压保护装置，具有相同的 技术特征，所以也能解决相同的技术问题，达到相同的技术效果。
另外，在本发明实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
最后应说明的是：以上所述实施例，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制，本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改或可轻易想到变化，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改、变化或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明实施例技术方案的精神和范围，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。
工业实用性
本发明实施例提供的过压保护装置中，包括感应线圈、整流电路和保护芯片。其中，线圈配置成缠绕在变压器的次级铁芯，通过感应变压器的初级铁芯的磁场变化情况，产生交流感应信号。整流电路连接在感应线圈与保护芯片之间，配置成将交流感应信号整流为直流感应信号。保护芯片接收直流感应信号，当直流感应信号超出预设值时，保护芯片输出断电信号，断开输电线路的电源。本发明实施例提供的过压保护装置，利用感应线圈对变压器的初级铁芯进行电磁感应，并将该感应线圈的电流大小作为过压保护的条件，因此能够提高电路保护的灵敏度，更加有效保护输电线路，从而提高了输电线路的安全性。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种过压保护装置，其特征在于，包括感应线圈、整流电路和保护芯片；
    所述感应线圈配置成缠绕在变压器的次级铁芯，并产生交流感应信号；
    所述整流电路连接在所述感应线圈与所述保护芯片之间，所述整流电路将所述交流感应信号整流为直流感应信号；
    所述保护芯片接收所述直流感应信号，当所述直流感应信号超出预设值时，所述保护芯片输出断电信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的过压保护装置，其特征在于，所述整流电路为整流桥。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的过压保护装置，其特征在于，所述整流桥包括第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管及第四二极管，所述第一二极管的负极电性连接于所述第二二极管的正极，所述第二二极管的负极电性连接于所述第四二极管的负极，所述第四二极管的正极电性连接于所述第三二极管的负极，所述第三二极管的正极电性连接于所述第一二极管的正极；
    所述感应线圈的一端电性连接于所述第一二极管与所述第二二极管之间，另一端电性连接于所述第三二极管与所述第四二极管之间。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3任一项所述的过压保护装置，其特征在于，还包括连接在所述整流电路与所述保护芯片之间的滤波电路和放大电路。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的过压保护装置，其特征在于，所述滤波电路包括第一滤波电容、第二滤波电容及滤波电阻，所述第二滤波电容与所述滤波电阻串联后并联至所述第一滤波电容的两端，所述第一滤波电容的一端电性连接于所述第一二极管与所述第三二极管之间，另一端电性连接于所述第二二极管与所述第四二极管之间。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的过压保护装置，其特征在于，所述放大电路包括第一可变电阻、稳压二极管、PNP型三极管、第一电阻以及第二电阻；
    所述第一电阻的一端电性连接于所述滤波电阻与第二滤波电容之间，另一端经所述稳压二极管和第一可变电阻电性连接于所述第一二极管与第三二极管之间；所述PNP型三极管的基极与所述第一可变电阻的活动端电性连接，所述PNP型三极管的发射极电性连接于所述第一二极管与第三二极管之间，所述PNP型三极管的集电极经所述第二电阻后电性连接于所述第二滤波电容与所述滤波电阻之间；
    所述PNP型三极管的集电极与所述保护芯片的第一输入端电性连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的过压保护装置，其特征在于，所述放大电路还包括第二可变电阻，所述第二可变电阻与所述第二滤波电容并联，所述保护芯片的电源端正极电 性连接于所述第二可变电阻的活动端，所述保护芯片的第二输入端电性连接于所述第二可变电阻与所述滤波电阻之间。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的过压保护装置，其特征在于，所述第一可变电阻与第二可变电阻的阻值变化范围为0～5.1kΩ。
  9. 根据权利要求3～8任一项所述过压保护装置，其特征在于，所述保护芯片的电源端正极电性连接于所述第一二极管与第三二极管之间，所述保护芯片的电源端负极电性连接于所述第二滤波电容与滤波电阻之间。
  10. 根据权利要求1～9任一项所述的过压保护装置，其特征在于，所述保护芯片中包括比较单元和触发单元；
    所述比较单元接收所述直流感应信号，并将所述直流感应信号与所述预设值进行比较；
    当所述直流感应信号超出预设值时，所述触发单元输出断电信号。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的过压保护装置，其特征在于，所述触发单元中设置有多稳态触发器；
    当所述直流感应信号超出预设值时，所述多稳态触发器输出断电信号。
  12. 一种供电系统，其特征在于，包括变压器以及如权利要求1～11任一项所述的过压保护装置；
    所述变压器的初级线圈连接电网，次级线圈连接交流输出端；
    所述过压保护装置中的感应线圈缠绕在变压器的次级铁芯。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的供电系统，其特征在于，还包括第一继电器；
    所述保护芯片的输出端连接所述第一继电器的控制端。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的供电系统，其特征在于，所述保护芯片的第一输出端通过双向可控硅连接所述第一继电器的控制线圈；
    所述保护芯片的第二输出端通过限流电阻连接所述双向可控硅的控制端。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的供电系统，其特征在于，还包括第二继电器；
    所述第一继电器的输出端与所述第二继电器的控制线圈串联，所述第二继电器的输出端与所述初级线圈串联。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的供电系统，其特征在于，所述第一继电器为常闭型继电器，所述第二继电器为常开型继电器。
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CN107181240A (zh) * 2017-06-26 2017-09-19 中领世能（天津）科技有限公司 整流桥保护电路、过压保护装置以及供电系统
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