WO2018147766A1 - Dispositif de commande de turbocompresseur pour moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Dispositif de commande de turbocompresseur pour moteur à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018147766A1
WO2018147766A1 PCT/RU2018/000015 RU2018000015W WO2018147766A1 WO 2018147766 A1 WO2018147766 A1 WO 2018147766A1 RU 2018000015 W RU2018000015 W RU 2018000015W WO 2018147766 A1 WO2018147766 A1 WO 2018147766A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steam
outlet
inlet
output
control
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Application number
PCT/RU2018/000015
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Денис Валентинович НИКИШИН
Original Assignee
Денис Валентинович НИКИШИН
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Publication of WO2018147766A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018147766A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/04—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
    • F02B37/10—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump at least one pump being alternatively or simultaneously driven by exhaust and other drive, e.g. by pressurised fluid from a reservoir or an engine-driven pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to engine building, namely, to internal combustion engines working with controlled turbocharging.
  • turbocharging based on the use of the energy of the exhaust gases of the engine, driving the turbocharger turbine and a compressor installed with it on the same shaft, which compresses the air and pumps it into the engine intake manifold, is a very effective solution. Thanks to the use of turbocharging, it is possible, for example, to increase engine power and efficiency. However, in practice, turbocharging is ineffective under operating conditions of the engine with a low load, which leads to the need to control turbocharging depending on the operating conditions of the engine.
  • control of turbocharging allows optimizing the functioning of the internal combustion engine in all operating modes, increasing reliability by reducing mechanical and thermal overloads, in particular, when the pressure at the compressor output is higher than the maximum allowable due to a sharp close of the throttle valve or a significant increase in the engine speed.
  • the known devices have a number of negative features characteristic of turbocharged engines, among which the “turboyama” effect can be called, which means the delay in the increase in air pressure in the engine intake manifold due to the inertia of the increase in exhaust gas pressure in the turbine when the accelerator pedal is pressed abruptly.
  • the turbocharger after overcoming the "turbo holes”, there is a sharp increase in air pressure in the intake manifold engine - the so-called “turbo pickup”, also due to the inertia of the turbocharger.
  • the temperature of the exhaust gases at the outlet of the turbocharger turbine can be several hundred degrees, and their energy is used inefficiently due to emission into the atmosphere.
  • internal combustion engines convert approximately two-thirds of the energy of the fuel into heat, which is either absorbed by the cooling system of the internal combustion engine or removed through the exhaust system.
  • a known system of pressurization of the intake tract of an internal combustion engine using exhaust gas energy (patent RU 2572154), which includes a tubular spiral heat exchanger located in the exhaust tract of the internal combustion engine, and a pump that supplies liquid (water) to the heat exchanger from the tank. Due to the transfer of thermal energy of the exhaust gases to water, it is heated and then transferred to a state of superheated high pressure steam.
  • the outlet end of the tubular spiral heat exchanger is equipped with a nozzle installed in the working cavity of the turbine, through which a jet of high pressure steam is directed to the turbine blades and rotates it.
  • the energy of the vapor entering the turbine blades is determined by the temperature of the exhaust gases. Therefore, when you press the accelerator pedal sharply, as well as in the turbochargers described above, it will not happen the necessary adequate increase in the speed of rotation of the turbine, that is, the effect of the "turbo hole” is not reduced. At the same time, due to the inertia of the process of converting water into steam in the known device, the negative effect of “turbo pickup” will increase.
  • a number of devices for turbocharging an internal combustion engine are known (EP 2492458 A1, US 20120198840 A1, US 8281589 Al, US 20130186087 Al, US 20060232071 Al, US 20050262842), with a turbocharger including a turbine and compressor, a steam generator installed in the outlet pipe of the internal combustion engine, and a steam turbine driven into rotation by steam generated by the steam generator.
  • a turbocharger including a turbine and compressor, a steam generator installed in the outlet pipe of the internal combustion engine, and a steam turbine driven into rotation by steam generated by the steam generator.
  • This technical solution allows to increase the efficiency of the engine due to the additional use of thermal energy of the exhaust gases and converting it into mechanical or electrical energy.
  • the known technical solutions do not allow the exclusion of the effect of “turbo holes” and “turbo-pickup” in turbo-charged internal combustion engines.
  • a known device for controlling a turbocharger of an internal combustion engine (US 8789370 B2), which is the closest in technical essence to the claimed one and is selected as a prototype.
  • the known device comprises a turbocharger, including a turbine, the inlet of which is connected to the output manifold of the internal combustion engine, and a compressor, the output of which is connected to the input manifold of the internal combustion engine through a series cooler and throttle, an air filter, the output of which is connected to the compressor inlet, a catalyst, the inlet of which is in communication with the turbine outlet, and the outlet is connected to a heat exchanger.
  • the device also comprises a steam turbine and an auxiliary compressor mounted on the same shaft as the steam turbine, a condenser, a fluid reservoir and a pump.
  • the device is equipped with a control unit, the information inputs of which are electrically connected to temperature and pressure sensors installed at the inlet of the compressor, inlet of the throttle valve, at the input and output manifolds of the internal engine combustion and cylinder block of the internal combustion engine, the control input of the control unit is connected to the accelerator sensor, and the control output is connected to the throttle.
  • air charging into the engine intake manifold is provided by both a traditional turbocharger and an auxiliary compressor driven by a steam turbine, which is an element of a closed steam circuit, which in essence plays the role of a heat recovery unit that includes a heat exchanger located on the engine outlet , condenser, fluid reservoir and pump.
  • the performance of the bypass channel is controlled by controlled dampers by directing a portion of the exhaust gases along the bypass pipe.
  • the steam turbine rotates the auxiliary compressor, the charge air stream from which through the check valve is mixed with the charge air stream from the turbocharger.
  • the basis of the invention is the creation of a turbocharger control device for an internal combustion engine, in which, by controlling the heat recovery of the exhaust gases, the control dynamics are improved, in particular, the effects of the “turbo-hole” and “turbo pickup” are compensated and, as a result, the response of the internal combustion engine is increased , which would lead to an increase in the overall efficiency.
  • a turbocharger control device of an internal combustion engine containing a turbocharger comprising a turbocharger including a turbine whose inlet is connected to an output manifold of an internal combustion engine, and a compressor, the output of which is connected to the input manifold of the engine through a series cooler and a throttle valve internal combustion, air filter, the output of which is connected to the inlet of the compressor, the catalyst, the input of which is connected with the release of the tour bins, and the outlet is connected to a heat exchanger, a steam turbine, the inlet of which is connected through the first non-return valve to the outlet of the heat exchanger, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of a condenser, the outlet of which is in communication with the first inlet of the tank, a pump connected between the outlet of the tank and the outlet of the heat exchanger, and a control unit , the information inputs of which are electrically connected to temperature and pressure sensors installed at the inlet of the compressor, inlet of the throttle valve, at
  • the technical result of the present invention is to improve the dynamics of control, namely, minimizing the effects of "turboyama” and “turbopod”, which increases the throttle response of the internal combustion engine and the overall efficiency.
  • the named technical result is achieved by organizing a high-speed closed steam turbocharging control loop, which operates in conjunction with a turbocharger of an internal combustion engine, which allows providing the necessary charge air pressure at the inlet of the throttle valve at any position of the accelerator pedal.
  • the proposed structure of the steam circuit provides an almost instant increase or compressor torque reduction corresponding to the current value of the accelerator pedal position Ator
  • the proposed device has a simpler construction in comparison with the prototype, since it does not have an additional charge-air compressor, and a more technological adjustment system is proposed mixing two flows of charge air due to the placement of a steam turbine on a common turbocharger shaft.
  • the relationships indicated between the functional blocks are generally multi-channel to provide an algorithm for the operation of the claimed invention. Power supply of the functional blocks is carried out from the on-board battery (not shown in the diagram).
  • the control device for turbocharging an internal combustion engine comprises a turbocharger 1, including a turbine 2 and a compressor 3, the output of which is connected through a series cooler 4 and a throttle valve 5 to the input manifold 6 of the internal combustion engine 7.
  • the inlet of the compressor 3 is connected to an air filter 8, which is connected to the atmosphere, and a catalyst 9 is installed at the outlet of the turbine 2, the outlet of which is connected to the exhaust gas inlet of the heat exchanger 10, the outlet of which is in communication with the atmosphere.
  • the device comprises a control unit 1 1, the information inputs of which are electrically connected to temperature and pressure sensors 12 installed at the inlet of the compressor 3, inlet of the throttle valve 5, at the inlet manifold 6, cylinder block 13 and the outlet manifold 14 of the internal combustion engine 7.
  • the device comprises a steam turbine 15 mounted on a shaft with a turbocharger 1, a condenser 16, the inlet of which is connected through the check valve 17 to the outlet of the steam turbine 15, and the outlet is connected to the reservoir 18 for the liquid (coolant), which can be used, for example, water.
  • the outlet of the reservoir 18 through the pipeline on which the pump 19 is mounted is connected to the fluid inlet of the heat exchanger 10, the outlet of which is connected to a separator 20 having a condensate outlet, which is in communication with the second inlet of the fluid reservoir 18.
  • the steam output of the separator 20 through the check valve 21 is in communication with the steam accumulator 22, the first output of which is through an adjustable the steam damper 23 is communicated with the inlet of the steam turbine 15, and its second output through the bypass valve 24 is communicated with the input of the condenser 16.
  • the pump 19 is electrically controlled.
  • a closed steam circuit including a steam turbine 15, a condenser 16, a reservoir 18 for a liquid, a heat exchanger 10, a separator 20 and a steam accumulator 22, in fact, is a means of utilizing the removal of heat from the internal combustion engine 7.
  • the control of the turbocharger is carried out by the steam turbine control controller 25 and the control unit 1 1 connected by the information line 26.
  • An accelerator sensor 27 is connected to the control input of the control unit 11 and to one of the information inputs of the steam turbine control controller 25 .
  • the inventive device is equipped with additional temperature and pressure sensors 28 installed at the compressor output 3, a steam accumulator 22 and a heat exchanger 10. These sensors 27 and 28 are connected to other information inputs of the steam turbine control controller 25, the first and second control outputs of which are connected to the control input of an adjustable steam damper 23 and to the pump 19, respectively.
  • the control device turbocharged internal combustion engine operates as follows.
  • the flow of atmospheric air through the filter 8 enters the inlet of the compressor 3 of the turbocharger 1, where the air is compressed, which leads to its heating.
  • the air flow through the cooler 4 and the throttle 5 enters the inlet 6 of the manifold and then into the cylinder block 13 of the internal combustion engine 7.
  • the amount of incoming air is regulated by the control unit 11 according to the signals of the accelerator sensor 27 and the temperature and pressure sensors 12 by controlling the throttle valve 5.
  • the exhaust gases coming from the exhaust manifold 13 of the internal combustion engine are sent to the turbocharger 1, unwinding the turbine 2 and compressor 3 installed on the common shaft.
  • the exhaust gases passing through the catalyst 9 and the heat exchanger 10 are released into the atmosphere.
  • the catalyst 9 the exhaust gas is purified from harmful impurities.
  • the heat exchanger 10 heat is transferred from the exhaust gas to the liquid.
  • the pump 19 is in the off position, and the liquid from the reservoir 18 does not enter the heat exchanger 10, which, accordingly, does not generate steam.
  • the controller 28 is installed on the heat exchanger 10 25 control the steam turbine generates a control signal to turn on the pump 19, which provides a fluid supply to the heat exchanger 10.
  • the intensity of the fluid supply at the initial stage is regulated by scooter 25 by changing the level of the control signal supplied to the electrically controlled pump 19 in accordance with the current temperature of the heat exchanger 10, providing an optimal process of vaporization.
  • Steam which may contain a residual amount of liquid, enters the separator 20, where there is a separation into fractions - liquid and steam, while steam through the check valve 21 enters the accumulator 22 steam, and the liquid returns to the reservoir 18.
  • the steam from the outlet of the steam turbine 15 enters the condenser 16, where it is converted into a liquid that enters the reservoir 18.
  • the steam turbine control controller 25 When the set temperature and pressure of the steam in the accumulator 22 are reached, according to the signals of the sensor 28 installed on the steam accumulator 22, the steam turbine control controller 25 generates a control signal, which is fed to an electrically controlled pump 19 to reduce the speed of pumping fluid from the reservoir 18 to the heat exchanger 10. This ensures automatic maintenance of temperature and steam pressure in a given operating range in the steam accumulator 22 and, accordingly, at the input of the adjustable steam damper 23.
  • the torque control of the steam turbine 15 is controlled by the steam turbine control controller 25 by changing the position of the adjustable steam damper 23 according to the signals of the accelerator sensor 27, the sensor 28 at the output of the compressor 3, as well as the control commands received from the control unit 1 1 along the information highway 26.
  • a distinctive feature of the claimed device in comparison with the prototype is that, according to the control signal from the steam turbine control controller 25, in accordance with the information signal from the accelerator sensor 27 and the commands from the control unit 1 1, an almost instant increase (from the nominal value) of the adjustable steam throughput the flaps 23 and the corresponding increase in the torque of the steam turbine 15, which minimizes the effect of the "turbo holes" in the internal combustion engine 7.
  • a closed steam circuit is a high-speed loop for automatically controlling the charge air of the engine, which improves the dynamics of control boost.
  • the steam turbine continuously generates torque on the turbocompressor shaft and constantly participates in the supply of charge air to the internal combustion engine, increasing the heat extraction from exhaust gases, which increases the overall efficiency of the engine.
  • the present invention may find application in mechanical engineering in the production of internal combustion engines equipped with gas turbine supercharging.

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  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de commande de turbocompresseur pour moteur à combustion interne qui comprend une pompe à turbine (1) comprenant une turbine (2) et un compresseur (3) dont la sortie est connectée via une unité de refroidissement (4) et un clapet d'étranglement (5) à un collecteur d'entrée (6) du moteur à combustion interne, un catalyseur (9) disposé en aval de la turbine (2) et en amont d'un échangeur de chaleur (10), une turbine à vapeur (15) dont l'entrée communique avec la sortie de l'échangeur de chaleur (10) et la sortie communique avec l'entrée d'un condenseur (16) dont la sortie communique avec l'entrée d'un réservoir (18), une pompe (19) connectée entre le réservoir et l'échangeur de chaleur (10). Le dispositif comprend également un séparateur (20) connecté à la sortie de l'échangeur de chaleur (10) et dont la sortie de condensat est connectée au réservoir (18), tandis que la sortie de vapeur est connectée via un clapet anti-retour (21) à un accumulateur (22) de vapeur dont la première sortie est connectée via un clapet de vapeur ajustable (23) à l'entrée de la turbine à vapeur (15) tandis que la seconde sortie est connectée via un clapet anti-retour (17) à l'entrée du condenseur (16). La turbine à vapeur (15) est disposée sur un arbre commun avec la pompe à turbine (1). Afin de commander le turbocompresseur, le dispositif comprend, connectés par une ligne informatique (26), une unité de commande (11) et un contrôleur (25) de commande de la turbine à vapeur vers lesquels sont envoyés des signaux d'information depuis un capteur (27) d'accélérateur et des capteurs (12, 28) de température et de pression, sur la base desquels on génère des signaux de commande envoyés vers le clapet d'étranglement (5), le clapet de vapeur ajustable (23) et la pompe (15).
PCT/RU2018/000015 2017-02-09 2018-01-18 Dispositif de commande de turbocompresseur pour moteur à combustion interne WO2018147766A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2017104229 2017-02-09
RU2017104229A RU2635425C1 (ru) 2017-02-09 2017-02-09 Устройство управления турбонаддувом двигателя внутреннего сгорания

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2565818B (en) * 2017-08-24 2020-03-11 Jaguar Land Rover Ltd Waste heat recovery and storage system
RU193000U1 (ru) * 2019-01-29 2019-10-09 Валерий Викторович Кольб Устройство управления турбонаддувом двигателя внутреннего сгорания
RU2722680C1 (ru) * 2019-09-09 2020-06-03 Акционерное общество "Уральский турбинный завод" Адаптивная цифровая система регулирования турбины

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1129399A1 (ru) * 1983-01-28 1984-12-15 Завод-втуз при Московском автомобильном заводе им.И.А.Лихачева Силова установка
WO1994028298A1 (fr) * 1993-05-31 1994-12-08 Kurki Suonio Eero Juho Ilmari Dispositif installe dans une centrale electrique a cycles combines
WO2014065397A1 (fr) * 2012-10-26 2014-05-01 三菱重工業株式会社 Système de moteur à combustion interne, navire le comprenant, et procédé de fonctionnement de système de moteur à combustion interne
US20150275698A1 (en) * 2012-12-17 2015-10-01 Isuzu Motors Limited Exhaust heat recovery device for internal combustion engine and exhaust heat recovery method for internal combustion engine

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2524559A1 (fr) * 1982-04-02 1983-10-07 Semt Procede de recuperation d'energie dans un generateur de puissance, et generateur de puissance pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procede

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1129399A1 (ru) * 1983-01-28 1984-12-15 Завод-втуз при Московском автомобильном заводе им.И.А.Лихачева Силова установка
WO1994028298A1 (fr) * 1993-05-31 1994-12-08 Kurki Suonio Eero Juho Ilmari Dispositif installe dans une centrale electrique a cycles combines
WO2014065397A1 (fr) * 2012-10-26 2014-05-01 三菱重工業株式会社 Système de moteur à combustion interne, navire le comprenant, et procédé de fonctionnement de système de moteur à combustion interne
US20150275698A1 (en) * 2012-12-17 2015-10-01 Isuzu Motors Limited Exhaust heat recovery device for internal combustion engine and exhaust heat recovery method for internal combustion engine

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