WO2018145297A1 - 秸秆饲料的制备方法和秸秆生物饲料 - Google Patents

秸秆饲料的制备方法和秸秆生物饲料 Download PDF

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WO2018145297A1
WO2018145297A1 PCT/CN2017/073223 CN2017073223W WO2018145297A1 WO 2018145297 A1 WO2018145297 A1 WO 2018145297A1 CN 2017073223 W CN2017073223 W CN 2017073223W WO 2018145297 A1 WO2018145297 A1 WO 2018145297A1
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straw
feed
treatment
preparing
straw feed
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PCT/CN2017/073223
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English (en)
French (fr)
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顾云飞
俞亚波
王宏胜
朱新飞
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江苏京海禽业集团有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/073223 priority Critical patent/WO2018145297A1/zh
Publication of WO2018145297A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018145297A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K10/00Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/14Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K10/00Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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  • the present application relates to the field of environmental protection and animal feeding technology, and in particular to a method for preparing straw feed and a straw biological feed.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a straw feed and a straw biological feed to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • the embodiment of the present application discloses a method for preparing a straw feed, comprising the steps of:
  • the pretreated straw is subjected to secondary treatment by a microwave method
  • the mechanical treatment method comprises cutting or pulverizing.
  • the pretreatment conditions are satisfied: the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1.2 to 1.5%, and the solid-liquid ratio of the straw and the sodium hydroxide solution is 1. : (8 ⁇ 12), the treatment temperature is 130 ⁇ 150 ° C, the treatment time is 2 ⁇ 4 hours.
  • the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1.4%
  • the solid-liquid ratio of the straw and the sodium hydroxide solution is 1:10
  • the treatment temperature is 150 ° C
  • the treatment time is 2 hours.
  • the microwave power is 250 to 270 W, and the treatment time is 40 to 90 minutes.
  • the microwave power is 270 W and the treatment time is 60 minutes.
  • the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is 45 to 60 ° C
  • the pH is 5 to 6
  • the xylanase is added in an amount of 30 to 35 U/g.
  • the present application also discloses a straw biological feed which is mixed with the straw feed and corn.
  • the mass ratio of the straw feed to the corn is 1: (8-10).
  • the invention has the advantages that the straw biological feed of the invention can significantly improve the digestion and metabolism rate of the broiler, significantly increase the metabolic rate of the xylanase, and the calcium and phosphorus in the feed. Metabolic rate. It can be seen that the straw biological feed can significantly promote the digestion of animals.
  • the mechanical treatment method is used to turn the straw into small pieces of materials, and the mechanical treatment methods include cutting, crushing and the like;
  • the straw of the small material is immersed in the sodium hydroxide solution for pretreatment, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1.4%, the solid-liquid ratio of the straw and the sodium hydroxide solution is 1:10, and the treatment temperature is 150 ° C.
  • the processing time is 2 hours.
  • the cellulose loss rate of straw was 9.5%
  • the lignin loss rate was 51.2%
  • the mass loss was 14.7%.
  • the pretreated straw was subjected to secondary treatment by microwave method, the microwave power was 270 W, and the treatment time was 60 minutes.
  • Microwave treatment uses microwave to increase the molecular kinetic energy in the straw material and acts as an enzymatic reaction.
  • the xylanase was used for bio-enzymatic hydrolysis of the straw after microwave treatment.
  • the straw feed prepared above and the corn are mixed to form a straw biological feed, wherein the mass ratio of the straw feed to the corn is 1:8.
  • the straw biological feed can significantly improve the digestion and metabolism rate of the broiler chicken, and significantly improve the metabolism of xylanase. Rate, as well as the metabolic rate of calcium and phosphorus in the feed. It can be seen that the straw biological feed can significantly promote the digestion of animals.
  • the mechanical treatment method is used to turn the straw into small pieces of materials, and the mechanical treatment methods include cutting, crushing and the like;
  • the straw of the small material is immersed in the sodium hydroxide solution for pretreatment, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1.2%, the solid-liquid ratio of the straw and the sodium hydroxide solution is 1:12, and the treatment temperature is 150 ° C. Processing time is 3 hours.
  • the cellulose loss rate of straw was 9.7%
  • the lignin loss rate was 54.2%
  • the mass loss was 15.7%.
  • the pretreated straw was subjected to secondary treatment by microwave method, the microwave power was 250 W, and the treatment time was 90 minutes.
  • Microwave treatment uses microwave to increase the molecular kinetic energy in the straw material and acts as an enzymatic reaction.
  • the xylanase was used for bio-enzymatic hydrolysis of the straw after microwave treatment.
  • the straw feed prepared above and the corn are mixed to form a straw biological feed, wherein the mass ratio of the straw feed to the corn is 1:8.
  • the straw biological feed can significantly improve the digestion and metabolism rate of the broiler chicken, and significantly improve the metabolism of xylanase. Rate, as well as the metabolic rate of calcium and phosphorus in the feed. It can be seen that the straw biological feed can significantly promote the digestion of animals.
  • the mechanical treatment method is used to turn the straw into small pieces of materials, and the mechanical treatment methods include cutting, crushing and the like;
  • the straw of the small material is immersed in the sodium hydroxide solution for pretreatment, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1.5%, the solid-liquid ratio of the straw and the sodium hydroxide solution is 1:8, and the treatment temperature is 140 ° C.
  • the processing time is 4 hours.
  • the cellulose loss rate of straw was 9.6%
  • the lignin loss rate was 53.7%
  • the mass loss was 15.4%.
  • the pretreated straw was subjected to secondary treatment by microwave method, the microwave power was 270 W, and the treatment time was 50 minutes.
  • Microwave treatment uses microwave to increase the molecular kinetic energy in the straw material and acts as an enzymatic reaction.
  • the xylanase was used for bio-enzymatic hydrolysis of the straw after microwave treatment.
  • the straw feed prepared above and the corn are mixed to form a straw biological feed, wherein the mass ratio of the straw feed to the corn is 1:10.
  • the straw biological feed can significantly improve the digestion and metabolism rate of the broiler chicken, and significantly improve the metabolism of xylanase. Rate, as well as the metabolic rate of calcium and phosphorus in the feed. It can be seen that the straw biological feed can significantly promote the digestion of animals.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

一种秸秆饲料的制备方法,包括步骤:(1)采用机械处理方法将秸秆变成小块物料;(2)将小块物料的秸秆浸泡在氢氧化钠溶液中进行预处理;(3)通过微波方法对预处理的秸秆进行二次处理;(4)采用木聚糖酶对微波处理后的秸秆进行生物酶解;(5)将酶解后的秸秆进行风干直至恒重,获得秸秆饲料;将所述的秸秆饲料和玉米混合制得秸秆生物饲料。

Description

秸秆饲料的制备方法和秸秆生物饲料 技术领域
本申请涉及环保以及动物饲养技术领域,特别是涉及一种秸秆饲料的制备方法和秸秆生物饲料。
背景技术
我国是农业大国,秸秆资源丰富,而农作物秸秆是一种重要的生物资源,可以通过多种形式转化利用。但是,近年来,随着耕作方式工、生活方式的转变,农作物秸秆还田效果不理想,导致农民焚烧秸秆现象屡禁不止。秸秆焚烧现象十分严重,严重污染了环境,直接影响交通安全和居民生活,秸秆禁烧势在必行。
目前我国的畜牧业由于饲料短缺遭遇瓶颈,亟需能将生物质类废弃物转化成饲料的新技术,使农业废弃物,包括秸秆类物质回收再利用率提高,在填补饲料短缺的同时解决农业废弃物带来的环境问题,把看似垃圾的各种农作物秸秆变废为宝,实现该类生物质废弃物的最大资源化。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种秸秆饲料的制备方法和秸秆生物饲料,以克服现有技术中的不足。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
本申请实施例公开一种秸秆饲料的制备方法,包括步骤:
(1)、采用机械处理方法将秸秆变成小块物料;
(2)、将小块物料的秸秆浸泡在氢氧化钠溶液中进行预处理;
(3)、通过微波方法对预处理的秸秆进行二次处理;
(4)、采用木聚糖酶对微波处理后的秸秆进行生物酶解;
(5)、将酶解后的秸秆进行风干直至恒重,获得秸秆饲料。
优选的,在上述的秸秆饲料的制备方法中,所述步骤(1)中,机械处理方法包括剪碎或粉碎。
优选的,在上述的秸秆饲料的制备方法中,所述步骤(2)中,预处理条件满足:氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为1.2~1.5%,秸秆和氢氧化钠溶液的固液比为1:(8~12),处理温度在130~150℃,处理时间在2~4小时。
优选的,在上述的秸秆饲料的制备方法中,氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为1.4%,秸秆和氢氧化钠溶液的固液比为1:10,处理温度在150℃,处理时间在2小时。
优选的,在上述的秸秆饲料的制备方法中,所述步骤(3)中,微波功率为250~270W,处理时间40~90分钟。
优选的,在上述的秸秆饲料的制备方法中,微波功率为270W,处理时间60分钟。
优选的,在上述的秸秆饲料的制备方法中,所述步骤(4)中,酶解温度45~60℃,pH=5~6,木聚糖酶的添加量在30~35U/g。
优选的,在上述的秸秆饲料的制备方法中,酶解温度50℃,pH=6,木聚糖酶的添加量在33.5U/g。
本申请还公开了一种秸秆生物饲料,由所述的秸秆饲料和玉米混合。
优选的,在上述的秸秆生物饲料中,所述秸秆饲料和玉米的质量比在1:(8~10)。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:本发明秸秆生物饲料可以对肉鸡的消化代谢率起到明显的改善作用,显著提高了木聚糖酶的代谢率,以及饲料中钙、磷的代谢率。由此可知该秸秆生物饲料可以对动物消化起到明显的促进作用。
具体实施方式
本发明通过下列实施例作进一步说明:根据下述实施例,可以更好地理解本发明。然而,本领域的技术人员容易理解,实施例所描述的具体的物料比、工艺条件及其结果仅用于说明本发明,而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。
实施例1
秸秆饲料的制备:
1、采用机械处理方法将秸秆变成小块物料,机械处理方法包括剪碎、粉碎等处理手段;
2、将小块物料的秸秆浸泡在氢氧化钠溶液中进行预处理,氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为1.4%,秸秆和氢氧化钠溶液的固液比为1:10,处理温度在150℃,处理时间在2小时。
预处理后,秸秆的纤维素脱失率在9.5%,木质素脱失率在51.2%,质量损失在14.7%。
3、通过微波方法对预处理的秸秆进行二次处理,微波功率为270W,处理时间60分钟。
微波处理是利用微波增加秸秆物料中的分子动能,起到酶解反应的作用。
4、采用木聚糖酶对微波处理后的秸秆进行生物酶解,酶解温度50℃,pH=6,木聚糖酶的添加量在33.5U/g。
生物酶解之后,1g秸秆原料产糖量在0.41g。
5、将酶解后的秸秆进行风干直至恒重,获得秸秆饲料。
秸秆生物饲料的制备:
将上述制备的秸秆饲料和玉米进行混合,形成秸秆生物饲料,其中秸秆饲料和玉米的质量比在1:8。
利用上述制备的秸秆生物饲料进行肉鸡饲养实验,并以纯玉米饲料喂养肉鸡作为对照,可以发现:秸秆生物饲料可以对肉鸡的消化代谢率起到明显的改善作用,显著提高了木聚糖酶的代谢率,以及饲料中钙、磷的代谢率。由此可知该秸秆生物饲料可以对动物消化起到明显的促进作用。
实施例2
秸秆饲料的制备:
1、采用机械处理方法将秸秆变成小块物料,机械处理方法包括剪碎、粉碎等处理手段;
2、将小块物料的秸秆浸泡在氢氧化钠溶液中进行预处理,氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为1.2%,秸秆和氢氧化钠溶液的固液比为1:12,处理温度在150℃, 处理时间在3小时。
预处理后,秸秆的纤维素脱失率在9.7%,木质素脱失率在54.2%,质量损失在15.7%。
3、通过微波方法对预处理的秸秆进行二次处理,微波功率为250W,处理时间90分钟。
微波处理是利用微波增加秸秆物料中的分子动能,起到酶解反应的作用。
4、采用木聚糖酶对微波处理后的秸秆进行生物酶解,酶解温度45℃,pH=6,木聚糖酶的添加量在32U/g。
生物酶解之后,1g秸秆原料产糖量在0.37g。
5、将酶解后的秸秆进行风干直至恒重,获得秸秆饲料。
秸秆生物饲料的制备:
将上述制备的秸秆饲料和玉米进行混合,形成秸秆生物饲料,其中秸秆饲料和玉米的质量比在1:8。
利用上述制备的秸秆生物饲料进行肉鸡饲养实验,并以纯玉米饲料喂养肉鸡作为对照,可以发现:秸秆生物饲料可以对肉鸡的消化代谢率起到明显的改善作用,显著提高了木聚糖酶的代谢率,以及饲料中钙、磷的代谢率。由此可知该秸秆生物饲料可以对动物消化起到明显的促进作用。
实施例3
秸秆饲料的制备:
1、采用机械处理方法将秸秆变成小块物料,机械处理方法包括剪碎、粉碎等处理手段;
2、将小块物料的秸秆浸泡在氢氧化钠溶液中进行预处理,氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为1.5%,秸秆和氢氧化钠溶液的固液比为1:8,处理温度在140℃,处理时间在4小时。
预处理后,秸秆的纤维素脱失率在9.6%,木质素脱失率在53.7%,质量损失在15.4%。
3、通过微波方法对预处理的秸秆进行二次处理,微波功率为270W,处理时间50分钟。
微波处理是利用微波增加秸秆物料中的分子动能,起到酶解反应的作用。
4、采用木聚糖酶对微波处理后的秸秆进行生物酶解,酶解温度60℃,pH=6,木聚糖酶的添加量在30U/g。
生物酶解之后,1g秸秆原料产糖量在0.38g。
5、将酶解后的秸秆进行风干直至恒重,获得秸秆饲料。
秸秆生物饲料的制备:
将上述制备的秸秆饲料和玉米进行混合,形成秸秆生物饲料,其中秸秆饲料和玉米的质量比在1:10。
利用上述制备的秸秆生物饲料进行肉鸡饲养实验,并以纯玉米饲料喂养肉鸡作为对照,可以发现:秸秆生物饲料可以对肉鸡的消化代谢率起到明显的改善作用,显著提高了木聚糖酶的代谢率,以及饲料中钙、磷的代谢率。由此可知该秸秆生物饲料可以对动物消化起到明显的促进作用。
在此,还需要说明的是,为了避免因不必要的细节而模糊了本发明,在附图中仅仅示出了与根据本发明的方案密切相关的结构和/或处理步骤,而省略了与本发明关系不大的其他细节。
最后,还需要说明的是,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种秸秆饲料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:
    (1)、采用机械处理方法将秸秆变成小块物料;
    (2)、将小块物料的秸秆浸泡在氢氧化钠溶液中进行预处理;
    (3)、通过微波方法对预处理的秸秆进行二次处理;
    (4)、采用木聚糖酶对微波处理后的秸秆进行生物酶解;
    (5)、将酶解后的秸秆进行风干直至恒重,获得秸秆饲料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的秸秆饲料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中,机械处理方法包括剪碎或粉碎。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的秸秆饲料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,预处理条件满足:氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为1.2~1.5%,秸秆和氢氧化钠溶液的固液比为1:(8~12),处理温度在130~150℃,处理时间在2~4小时。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的秸秆饲料的制备方法,其特征在于:氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为1.4%,秸秆和氢氧化钠溶液的固液比为1:10,处理温度在150℃,处理时间在2小时。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的秸秆饲料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中,微波功率为250~270W,处理时间40~90分钟。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的秸秆饲料的制备方法,其特征在于:微波功率为270W,处理时间60分钟。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的秸秆饲料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中,酶解温度45~60℃,pH=5~6,木聚糖酶的添加量在30~35U/g。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的秸秆饲料的制备方法,其特征在于:酶解温度50℃,pH=6,木聚糖酶的添加量在33.5U/g。
  9. 一种秸秆生物饲料,其特征在于,由权利要求1至8任一所述的秸秆饲料和玉米混合。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的秸秆生物饲料,其特征在于:所述秸秆饲料和玉米的质量比在1:(8~10)。
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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102816811A (zh) * 2011-06-10 2012-12-12 中国科学院过程工程研究所 微波干法或半干法预处理生物质的方法
CN105614053A (zh) * 2015-12-26 2016-06-01 天津中联饲料有限公司 一种秸秆生物饲料制备方法

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102816811A (zh) * 2011-06-10 2012-12-12 中国科学院过程工程研究所 微波干法或半干法预处理生物质的方法
CN105614053A (zh) * 2015-12-26 2016-06-01 天津中联饲料有限公司 一种秸秆生物饲料制备方法

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