Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
  • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
  • H04W36/0083—Determination of parameters used for hand-off, e.g. generation or modification of neighbour cell lists
  • H04W36/0085—Hand-off measurements
  • H04W36/0094—Definition of hand-off measurement parameters
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
  • H04W24/10—Scheduling measurement reports ; Arrangements for measurement reports

Definitions

• RSRP Reference Signal Received Power
• RE resource element
• SCS LTE subcarrier spacing
• 5G New Radio (NR) various alternative subcarrier spacings are being introduced, for example 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, 240 kHz, and so on.
• OFDM orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
• FIG. 1 is a diagram of a user equipment (UE) to perform Reference Signal Received
• RSRP RSRP measurements in a New Radio (NR) standard in accordance with one or more embodiments
• FIG. 2 is a diagram of a downlink frame structure in a New Radio (NR) standard in accordance with one or more embodiments;
• FIG. 3 is a diagram of a measurement flow to obtain RSRP measurements in a NR standard in accordance with one or more embodiments
• FIG. 4 illustrates an architecture of a system of a network in accordance with some embodiments
• FIG. 5 illustrates example components of a device in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 6 illustrates example interfaces of baseband circuitry in accordance with some embodiments.
• elements illustrated in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity. Further, if considered appropriate, reference numerals have been repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding and/or analogous elements.
• FIG. 1 a diagram of a user equipment (UE) to perform Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurements in a New Radio (NR) standard in accordance with one or more embodiments will be discussed.
• a user equipment (UE) 110 device may be connected with a serving cell 112 on a Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) network to receive messages and/or data in the downlink 116, and to send messages and/or data to the serving cell 112 in the uplink 118.
• 5G Fifth Generation
• NR Fifth Generation
• UE 110 may receive measurement configuration information such as MeasObjectNR from serving cell 112 as a radio resource control (RRC) message in the downlink 116 to configure the UE 110 to perform Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) or Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) measurements on a neighbor or target cell 114, for example via channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) transmitted by the neighbor or target cell 114.
• RRC radio resource control
• RSRP is the average power of resource elements (RE) that carrier cell specific Reference Signals (RS) over the entire bandwidth.
• RSRP is measured in the symbols that carry the cell specific Reference Signals (RS).
• the UE 110 measures the power of multiple resource elements (REs) that carry the Reference Signals (RS), and then averages the power over the measured REs.
• the measurement configuration information informs the UE 110 the parameters for obtaining measurements for the neighbor or target cell.
• UE 110 may periodically or aperiodically perform RSRP and/or RSRQ measurements for the neighbor or target cell 114, for example during a measurement gap period, and generate a measurement report for the neighbor or target cell 114.
• the UE 110 performs measurements on reference signals transmitted by the neighbor or target cell 114 in a downlink 120 channel. After a measurement report is generated, UE 110 may transmit an RRC message in the uplink 118 to serving cell 112.
• UE 110 may switch to the neighbor or target cell 114 as its new serving cell, and UE 110 may then transmit messages or data to cell 114 in the uplink 122, and/or may receive messages or data from cell 114 in the downlink after completion of the handover.
• a downlink frame 210 may have a 5G NR structure 200 and may be transmitted by a cell such as reference or target cell 114 and may include one or more cell specific reference signals (RS) 208 included in one or more resource elements (REs) 228 of a given physical resource block (PRB) 226.
• Frame 210 may comprise twenty slots such as slot 232 (SLOT 0), slot 214 (SLOT 1), slot 216 (SLOT 3) and so on, up to slot 220 (SLOT 18) and slot 222 (SLOT 19).
• One subframe 224 comprises two slots.
• One PRB 226 may comprise seven orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols 242 in time, and may comprise a number of subcarriers in frequency, for example twelve subcarriers with a subcarrier spacing (SCS) 234 of 15 kHz.
• OFDM symbol may have a duration of 71.4 microseconds ( ⁇ 8) which may include a cyclic prefix (CP) of 4.7 ⁇ 8 and a useful symbol duration of 66.7 ⁇ 8.
• the cell specific reference signals (RS) 208 may be used by UE 110 to obtain reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements, for example to assist with mobility and handover decisions to determine whether UE 110 should continue to be served by serving cell 112 or whether a handover should be made to neighbor or target cell 114, for example if the signal strength from neighbor or target cell 114 is greater than the signal strength from serving cell. In the event of a handover, UE 110 switches to neighbor or target cell 114 which then becomes the new serving cell for UE 110.
• RSRP reference signal received power
• the NR frame structure 200 of downlink frame 210 in the 5G NR standard may be substantially similar to the structure of an LTE downlink frame, except that the subcarrier offset (Af) comprise various sizes in addition to the 15 kHz subcarrier offset of the LTE standard.
• various alternative subcarrier spacings (SCS) are being introduced, for example 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, 240 kHz, and so on.
• resource element (RE) 230 and RE 232 may have a subcarrier spacing 234 of 15 kHz in OFDM symbol
• RE 236 and RE 238 may have a subcarrier spacing 240 of 30 kHz also in OFDM symbol 0.
• a mixture of different numerologies for the downlink frame structure 200 may be utilized together, for example both 15 kHz resource elements such as RE 230 and RE 232 and 60 kHz resource elements such as RE 236 and RE 238 may be included in a single OFDM symbol 242 such as OFDM symbol 0.
• RSRP measurements are obtained from the REs 228 in which the cell specific reference signals (RS) 208 are transmitted.
• the RS signals 208 are modulated with the cell identifier (cell ID) of the cell from which the downlink signals are transmitted.
• the RS signals 208 are transmitted in patterns every sixth subcarrier according to the particular cell ID in one OFDM symbol 242 in a given slot.
• the RS signals 208 occur at regular frequency intervals and in a known symbol.
• the subcarrier spacing may have different values, and in addition mixed subcarrier spacing may be utilized.
• the definition of how RSRP is measured in NR downlink frame structure 200 may be adjusted to accommodate the mixed numerologies of subcarrier spacing over different time periods as discussed, below.
• RSRP measurements for NR downlink frame structure 200 may be based on normalized energy measured per N kHz per M microseconds (us) of time. In one or more alternative embodiments, RSRP measurements for NR downlink frame may be based on normalized energy measured per N kHz per a duration of an OFDM symbol. In yet one or more alternative embodiments, RSRP measurements for NR downlink frame may be based on X number of resource elements (REs) per a duration of Y number of OFDM symbols.
• the power to decide the RSRP is based on a per-RE unit which is decoupled from subcarrier spacing (SCS) size.
• SCS subcarrier spacing
• the per-RE unit may be defined as M number of REs and N number of OFDM symbols.
• the RSRP is the averaged power over 16 resource elements (REs) and one OFDM symbol.
• the RSRP is the average power of four REs and four OFDM symbols.
• the number amount of time over which RSRP is measured should be increased fourfold.
• SCS subcarrier spacing
• RSRP is the same as the RSRP in the LTE standards wherein the power is averaged over per one RE (15 kHz SCS) for one symbol.
• RSRP is the average power of 60 kHz for one symbol.
• RSRP may be defined and reported as the averaged power per N number of resource elements (RE) per one OFDM symbol.
• Synchronization Signal (SS) Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), referred to as SS-RSRP, is defined as the linear average over the power contributions in watts (W) of the resource elements that carry secondary synchronization signals (SS).
• the measurement time resource or resources for SS-RSRP are confined within SS/Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Block Measurement Time Configuration (SMTC) window duration.
• PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
• SMTC Block Measurement Time Configuration
• the power per resource element is determined from the energy received during the useful part of the symbol, excluding the cyclic prefix (CP).
• UE 110 may send a UE measurement capability message 310 (UE-EUTRA- Capability) to the current serving cell 112, and the serving cell 112 may send a measurement configuration message 312 (MeasObjectNR) to the UE 110.
• the UE 110 may then perform an RSRP measurement 314 on one or more cell specific reference signals (RS) transmitted by a neighbor or target cell 114, for example according to the UE measurement capabilities included in the UE measurement capability message 310 and/or according to a configuration included in the measurement configuration message 312.
• RS cell specific reference signals
• the UE 110 may generate a measurement report that is sent to the serving cell 112 in a measurement report message 316, for example to assist with mobility and/or handover decisions.
• the UE measurement capability message 310 may be according to Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Technical Specification (TS) 38.215 V2.0.0 (2017-12) section 5.1.1 which is shown as follows.
• 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
• TS Technical Specification
• SS-RSRP synchronization signal reference signal received power
• W the power contributions in watts
• RE resource elements
• CP cyclic prefix
• the power to decide the RSRP is based on per-RE unit which is decoupled from SCS size.
• Shall be possible to perform in the corresponding RRC state on an inter-RAT cell.
• SS-RSRP SS reference signal received power
• SS reference signal received power is defined as the linear average over the power contributions (in [W]) of the resource elements that carry secondary synchronization signals (SS).
• the measurement time resource(s) for SS-RSRP are confined within SS/PBCH Block Measurement Time Configuration (SMTC) window duration.
• demodulation reference signals for physical broadcast channel (PBCH) and, if indicated by higher layers may be used.
• SS-RSRP using demodulation reference signal for PBCH or CSI reference signal shall be measured by linear averaging over the power contributions of the resource elements that carry corresponding reference signals taking into account power scaling for the reference signals as defined in 3GPP TS 38.213 [5].
• SS-RSRP shall be measured only among the reference signals corresponding to SS/PBCH blocks with the same SS/PBCH block index and the same physical-layer cell identity.
• SS-RSRP is measured only from the indicated set of SS/PBCH block(s).
• the reference point for the SS-RSRP shall be the antenna connector of the UE.
• SS-RSRP shall be measured based on the combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch.
• the reported SS-RSRP value shall not be lower than the corresponding SS-RSRP of any of the individual receiver branches. Applicable RRC_IDLE intra-frequency,
• the power per resource element is determined from the energy received during the useful part of the symbol, excluding the CP.
• the UE 110 performs an RSRP measurement 314 on synchronization signals (SS) transmitted in selected REs 228 transmitted in the 5G frame structure 200 from a neighbor or target cell 114 in the physical broadcast channel (PBCH).
• SS synchronization signals
• PBCH physical broadcast channel
• FIG. 4 illustrates an architecture of a system 400 of a network in accordance with some embodiments.
• the system 400 is shown to include a user equipment (UE) 401 and a UE 402.
• the UEs 401 and 402 are illustrated as smartphones (e.g., handheld touchscreen mobile computing devices connectable to one or more cellular networks), but may also comprise any mobile or non-mobile computing device, such as Personal Data Assistants (PDAs), pagers, laptop computers, desktop computers, wireless handsets, or any computing device including a wireless communications interface.
• PDAs Personal Data Assistants
• pagers pagers
• laptop computers desktop computers
• wireless handsets or any computing device including a wireless communications interface.
• any of the UEs 401 and 402 can comprise an Internet of Things (IoT) UE, which can comprise a network access layer designed for low-power IoT applications utilizing short-lived UE connections.
• An IoT UE can utilize technologies such as machine-to-machine (M2M) or machine-type communications (MTC) for exchanging data with an MTC server or device via a public land mobile network (PLMN), Proximity-Based Service (ProSe) or device-to-device (D2D) communication, sensor networks, or IoT networks.
• M2M or MTC exchange of data may be a machine-initiated exchange of data.
• An IoT network describes interconnecting IoT UEs, which may include uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices (within the Internet infrastructure), with short-lived connections.
• the IoT UEs may execute background applications (e.g., keep-alive messages, status updates, etc.) to facilitate the connections of the IoT network.
• the UEs 401 and 402 may be configured to connect, e.g., communicatively couple, with a radio access network (RAN) 410— the RAN 410 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E- UTRAN), a NextGen RAN (NG RAN), or some other type of RAN.
• UMTS Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
• E- UTRAN Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
• NG RAN NextGen RAN
• the UEs 401 and 402 utilize connections 403 and 404, respectively, each of which comprises a physical communications interface or layer (discussed in further detail below); in this example, the connections 403 and 404 are illustrated as an air interface to enable communicative coupling, and can be consistent with cellular communications protocols, such as a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3 GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like.
• GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
• CDMA code-division multiple access
• PTT Push-to-Talk
• POC PTT over Cellular
• UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
• LTE Long Term Evolution
• 5G fifth generation
• NR New Radio
• the UEs 401 and 402 may further directly exchange communication data via a ProSe interface 405.
• the ProSe interface 405 may alternatively be referred to as a sidelink interface comprising one or more logical channels, including but not limited to a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), a Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), and a Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH).
• PSCCH Physical Sidelink Control Channel
• PSSCH Physical Sidelink Shared Channel
• PSDCH Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel
• PSBCH Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel
• the UE 402 is shown to be configured to access an access point (AP) 406 via connection 407.
• the connection 407 can comprise a local wireless connection, such as a connection consistent with any IEEE 802.11 protocol, wherein the AP 406 would comprise a wireless fidelity (WiFi®) router.
• WiFi® wireless fidelity
• the AP 406 is shown to be connected to the Internet without connecting to the core network of the wireless system (described in further detail below).
• the RAN 410 can include one or more access nodes that enable the connections 403 and 404.
• These access nodes can be referred to as base stations (BSs), NodeBs, evolved NodeBs (eNBs), next Generation NodeBs (gNB), RAN nodes, and so forth, and can comprise ground stations (e.g., terrestrial access points) or satellite stations providing coverage within a geographic area (e.g., a cell).
• BSs base stations
• eNBs evolved NodeBs
• gNB next Generation NodeBs
• RAN nodes and so forth, and can comprise ground stations (e.g., terrestrial access points) or satellite stations providing coverage within a geographic area (e.g., a cell).
• the RAN 410 may include one or more RAN nodes for providing macrocells, e.g., macro RAN node 411, and one or more RAN nodes for providing femtocells or picocells (e.g., cells having smaller coverage areas, smaller user capacity, or higher bandwidth compared to macrocells), e.g., low power (LP) RAN node 412.
• macro RAN node 411 e.g., macro RAN node 411
• femtocells or picocells e.g., cells having smaller coverage areas, smaller user capacity, or higher bandwidth compared to macrocells
• LP low power
• any of the RAN nodes 411 and 412 can terminate the air interface protocol and can be the first point of contact for the UEs 401 and 402.
• any of the RAN nodes 411 and 412 can fulfill various logical functions for the RAN 410 including, but not limited to, radio network controller (RNC) functions such as radio bearer management, uplink and downlink dynamic radio resource management and data packet scheduling, and mobility management.
• RNC radio network controller
• the UEs 401 and 402 can be configured to communicate using Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communication signals with each other or with any of the RAN nodes 411 and 412 over a multicarrier communication channel in accordance various communication techniques, such as, but not limited to, an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) communication technique (e.g., for downlink communications) or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC- FDMA) communication technique (e.g., for uplink and ProSe or sidelink communications), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
• OFDM signals can comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.
• a downlink resource grid can be used for downlink transmissions from any of the RAN nodes 411 and 412 to the UEs 401 and 402, while uplink transmissions can utilize similar techniques.
• the grid can be a time-frequency grid, called a resource grid or time-frequency resource grid, which is the physical resource in the downlink in each slot.
• a time-frequency plane representation is a common practice for OFDM systems, which makes it intuitive for radio resource allocation.
• Each column and each row of the resource grid corresponds to one OFDM symbol and one OFDM subcarrier, respectively.
• the duration of the resource grid in the time domain corresponds to one slot in a radio frame.
• the smallest time- frequency unit in a resource grid is denoted as a resource element.
• Each resource grid comprises a number of resource blocks, which describe the mapping of certain physical channels to resource elements.
• Each resource block comprises a collection of resource elements; in the frequency domain, this may represent the smallest quantity of resources that currently can be allocated.
• the physical downlink shared channel may carry user data and higher- layer signaling to the UEs 401 and 402.
• the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) may carry information about the transport format and resource allocations related to the PDSCH channel, among other things. It may also inform the UEs 401 and 402 about the transport format, resource allocation, and H-ARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) information related to the uplink shared channel.
• downlink scheduling assigning control and shared channel resource blocks to the UE 102 within a cell
• the downlink resource assignment information may be sent on the PDCCH used for (e.g., assigned to) each of the UEs 401 and 402.
• the PDCCH may use control channel elements (CCEs) to convey the control information.
• CCEs control channel elements
• the PDCCH complex-valued symbols may first be organized into quadruplets, which may then be permuted using a sub-block interleaver for rate matching.
• Each PDCCH may be transmitted using one or more of these CCEs, where each CCE may correspond to nine sets of four physical resource elements known as resource element groups (REGs).
• Four Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) symbols may be mapped to each REG.
• QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
• the PDCCH can be transmitted using one or more CCEs, depending on the size of the downlink control information (DCI) and the channel condition.
• DCI downlink control information
• There can be four or more different PDCCH formats defined in LTE with different numbers of CCEs (e.g., aggregation level, L l, 2, 4, or 8).
• Some embodiments may use concepts for resource allocation for control channel information that are an extension of the above-described concepts.
• some embodiments may utilize an enhanced physical downlink control channel (EPDCCH) that uses PDSCH resources for control information transmission.
• the EPDCCH may be transmitted using one or more enhanced the control channel elements (ECCEs). Similar to above, each ECCE may correspond to nine sets of four physical resource elements known as an enhanced resource element groups (EREGs). An ECCE may have other numbers of EREGs in some situations.
• EPCCH enhanced physical downlink control channel
• ECCEs enhanced the control channel elements
• each ECCE may correspond to nine sets of four physical resource elements known as an enhanced resource element groups (EREGs).
• EREGs enhanced resource element groups
• An ECCE may have other numbers of EREGs in some situations.
• the RAN 410 is shown to be communicatively coupled to a core network (CN) 420 — via an SI interface 413.
• the CN 420 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) network, a NextGen Packet Core (NPC) network, or some other type of CN.
• EPC evolved packet core
• NPC NextGen Packet Core
• the SI interface 413 is split into two parts: the Sl-U interface 414, which carries traffic data between the RAN nodes 411 and 412 and the serving gateway (S-GW) 422, and the Sl-mobility management entity (MME) interface 415, which is a signaling interface between the RAN nodes 411 and 412 and MMEs 421.
• S-GW serving gateway
• MME Sl-mobility management entity
• the CN 420 comprises the MMEs 421, the S-GW 422, the Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW) 423, and a home subscriber server (HSS) 424.
• the MMEs 421 may be similar in function to the control plane of legacy Serving General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Support Nodes (SGSN).
• the MMEs 421 may manage mobility aspects in access such as gateway selection and tracking area list management.
• the HSS 424 may comprise a database for network users, including subscription-related information to support the network entities' handling of communication sessions.
• the CN 420 may comprise one or several HSSs 424, depending on the number of mobile subscribers, on the capacity of the equipment, on the organization of the network, etc.
• the HSS 424 can provide support for routing/roaming, authentication, authorization, naming/addressing resolution, location dependencies, etc.
• the S-GW 422 may terminate the SI interface 413 towards the RAN 410, and routes data packets between the RAN 410 and the CN 420.
• the S-GW 422 may be a local mobility anchor point for inter-RAN node handovers and also may provide an anchor for inter-3GPP mobility. Other responsibilities may include lawful intercept, charging, and some policy enforcement.
• the P-GW 423 may terminate an SGi interface toward a PDN.
• the P-GW 423 may route data packets between the EPC network 423 and external networks such as a network including the application server 430 (alternatively referred to as application function (AF)) via an Internet Protocol (IP) interface 425.
• the application server 430 may be an element offering applications that use IP bearer resources with the core network (e.g., UMTS Packet Services (PS) domain, LTE PS data services, etc.).
• PS UMTS Packet Services
• LTE PS data services etc.
• the P-GW 423 is shown to be communicatively coupled to an application server 430 via an IP communications interface 425.
• the application server 430 can also be configured to support one or more communication services (e.g., Voice-over-Internet Protocol (VoIP) sessions, PTT sessions, group communication sessions, social networking services, etc.) for the UEs 401 and 402 via the CN 420.
• VoIP Voice-over-Internet Protocol
• PTT sessions PTT sessions
• group communication sessions social networking services, etc.
• the P-GW 423 may further be a node for policy enforcement and charging data collection.
• Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCRF) 426 is the policy and charging control element of the CN 420.
• PCRF Policy and Charging Enforcement Function
• HPLMN Home Public Land Mobile Network
• IP-CAN Internet Protocol Connectivity Access Network
• HPLMN Home Public Land Mobile Network
• V-PCRF Visited PCRF
• VPLMN Visited Public Land Mobile Network
• the PCRF 426 may be communicatively coupled to the application server 430 via the P-GW 423.
• the application server 430 may signal the PCRF 426 to indicate a new service flow and select the appropriate Quality of Service (QoS) and charging parameters.
• the PCRF 426 may provision this rule into a Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) (not shown) with the appropriate traffic flow template (TFT) and QoS class of identifier (QCI), which commences the QoS and charging as specified by the application server 430.
• PCEF Policy and Charging Enforcement Function
• TFT traffic flow template
• QCI QoS class of identifier
• FIG. 5 illustrates example components of a device 500 in accordance with some embodiments.
• the device 500 may include application circuitry 502, baseband circuitry 504, Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry 506, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 508, one or more antennas 510, and power management circuitry (PMC) 512 coupled together at least as shown.
• the components of the illustrated device 500 may be included in a UE or a RAN node.
• the device 500 may include less elements (e.g., a RAN node may not utilize application circuitry 502, and instead include a processor/controller to process IP data received from an EPC).
• the device 500 may include additional elements such as, for example, memory/storage, display, camera, sensor, or input/output (I/O) interface.
• additional elements such as, for example, memory/storage, display, camera, sensor, or input/output (I/O) interface.
• the components described below may be included in more than one device (e.g., said circuitries may be separately included in more than one device for Cloud- RAN (C-RAN) implementations).
• C-RAN Cloud- RAN
• the application circuitry 502 may include one or more application processors.
• the application circuitry 502 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors.
• the processor(s) may include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.).
• the processors may be coupled with or may include memory/storage and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various applications or operating systems to run on the device 500.
• processors of application circuitry 502 may process IP data packets received from an EPC.
• the baseband circuitry 504 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors.
• the baseband circuitry 504 may include one or more baseband processors or control logic to process baseband signals received from a receive signal path of the RF circuitry 506 and to generate baseband signals for a transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 506.
• Baseband processing circuity 504 may interface with the application circuitry 502 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the RF circuitry 506.
• the baseband circuitry 504 may include a third generation (3G) baseband processor 504A, a fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 504B, a fifth generation (5G) baseband processor 504C, or other baseband processor(s) 504D for other existing generations, generations in development or to be developed in the future (e.g., second generation (2G), sixth generation (6G), etc.).
• the baseband circuitry 504 e.g., one or more of baseband processors 504A-D
• baseband processors 504A-D may be included in modules stored in the memory 504G and executed via a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 504E.
• the radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation demodulation, encoding/decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc.
• modulation demodulation circuitry of the baseband circuitry 504 may include Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT), precoding, or constellation mapping/demapping functionality.
• encoding/decoding circuitry of the baseband circuitry 504 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder/decoder functionality.
• LDPC Low Density Parity Check
• the baseband circuitry 504 may include one or more audio digital signal processor(s) (DSP) 504F.
• the audio DSP(s) 504F may be include elements for compression/decompression and echo cancellation and may include other suitable processing elements in other embodiments.
• Components of the baseband circuitry may be suitably combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on a same circuit board in some embodiments.
• some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry 504 and the application circuitry 502 may be implemented together such as, for example, on a system on a chip (SOC).
• SOC system on a chip
• the baseband circuitry 504 may provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies.
• the baseband circuitry 504 may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN).
• EUTRAN evolved universal terrestrial radio access network
• WMAN wireless metropolitan area networks
• WLAN wireless local area network
• WPAN wireless personal area network
• multi-mode baseband circuitry Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry 504 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol.
• RF circuitry 506 may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium.
• the RF circuitry 506 may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wireless network.
• RF circuitry 506 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 508 and provide baseband signals to the baseband circuitry 504.
• RF circuitry 506 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert baseband signals provided by the baseband circuitry 504 and provide RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 508 for transmission.
• the receive signal path of the RF circuitry 506 may include mixer circuitry 506a, amplifier circuitry 506b and filter circuitry 506c.
• the transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 506 may include filter circuitry 506c and mixer circuitry 506a.
• RF circuitry 506 may also include synthesizer circuitry 506d for synthesizing a frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 506a of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path.
• the mixer circuitry 506a of the receive signal path may be configured to down- convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 508 based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 506d.
• the amplifier circuitry 506b may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 506c may be a low-pass filter (LPF) or band- pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals.
• Output baseband signals may be provided to the baseband circuitry 504 for further processing.
• the output baseband signals may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement.
• mixer circuitry 506a of the receive signal path may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
• the mixer circuitry 506a of the transmit signal path may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 506d to generate RF output signals for the FEM circuitry 508.
• the baseband signals may be provided by the baseband circuitry 504 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 506c.
• the mixer circuitry 506a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 506a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature downconversion and upconversion, respectively.
• the mixer circuitry 506a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 506a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection).
• the mixer circuitry 506a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 506a may be arranged for direct downconversion and direct upconversion, respectively.
• the mixer circuitry 506a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 506a of the transmit signal path may be configured for super-heterodyne operation.
• the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
• the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be digital baseband signals.
• the RF circuitry 506 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to- analog converter (DAC) circuitry and the baseband circuitry 504 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuitry 506.
• ADC analog-to-digital converter
• DAC digital-to- analog converter
• a separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
• the synthesizer circuitry 506d may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+l synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable.
• synthesizer circuitry 506d may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.
• the synthesizer circuitry 506d may be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 506a of the RF circuitry 506 based on a frequency input and a divider control input.
• the synthesizer circuitry 506d may be a fractional N/N+l synthesizer.
• frequency input may be provided by a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement.
• VCO voltage-controlled oscillator
• Divider control input may be provided by either the baseband circuitry 504 or the applications processor 502 depending on the desired output frequency.
• a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a lookup table based on a channel indicated by the applications processor 502.
• Synthesizer circuitry 506d of the RF circuitry 506 may include a divider, a delay- locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer and a phase accumulator.
• the divider may be a dual modulus divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a digital phase accumulator (DP A).
• the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by either N or N+l (e.g., based on a carry out) to provide a fractional division ratio.
• the DLL may include a set of cascaded, tunable, delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump and a D-type flip-flop.
• the delay elements may be configured to break a VCO period up into Nd equal packets of phase, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line.
• Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line.
• synthesizer circuitry 506d may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used in conjunction with quadrature generator and divider circuitry to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency with multiple different phases with respect to each other.
• the output frequency may be a LO frequency (fLO).
• the RF circuitry 506 may include an IQ/polar converter.
• FEM circuitry 508 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 510, amplify the received signals and provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the RF circuitry 506 for further processing.
• FEM circuitry 508 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify signals for transmission provided by the RF circuitry 506 for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas 510.
• the amplification through the transmit or receive signal paths may be done solely in the RF circuitry 506, solely in the FEM 508, or in both the RF circuitry 506 and the FEM 508.
• the FEM circuitry 508 may include a TX/RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation.
• the FEM circuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
• the receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include an LNA to amplify received RF signals and provide the amplified received RF signals as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry 506).
• the transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 508 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals (e.g., provided by RF circuitry 506), and one or more filters to generate RF signals for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas 510).
• PA power amplifier
• the PMC 512 may manage power provided to the baseband circuitry 504.
• the PMC 512 may control power-source selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or DC-to-DC conversion.
• the PMC 512 may often be included when the device 500 is capable of being powered by a battery, for example, when the device is included in a UE.
• the PMC 512 may increase the power conversion efficiency while providing desirable implementation size and heat dissipation characteristics.
• FIG. 5 shows the PMC 512 coupled only with the baseband circuitry 504.
• the PMC 5 12 may be additionally or alternatively coupled with, and perform similar power management operations for, other components such as, but not limited to, application circuitry 502, RF circuitry 506, or FEM 508.
• the PMC 512 may control, or otherwise be part of, various power saving mechanisms of the device 500. For example, if the device 500 is in an RRC_Connected state, where it is still connected to the RAN node as it expects to receive traffic shortly, then it may enter a state known as Discontinuous Reception Mode (DRX) after a period of inactivity. During this state, the device 500 may power down for brief intervals of time and thus save power.
• DRX Discontinuous Reception Mode
• the device 500 may transition off to an RRC_Idle state, where it disconnects from the network and does not perform operations such as channel quality feedback, handover, etc.
• the device 500 goes into a very low power state and it performs paging where again it periodically wakes up to listen to the network and then powers down again.
• the device 500 may not receive data in this state, in order to receive data, it must transition back to RRC_Connected state.
• An additional power saving mode may allow a device to be unavailable to the network for periods longer than a paging interval (ranging from seconds to a few hours). During this time, the device is totally unreachable to the network and may power down completely. Any data sent during this time incurs a large delay and it is assumed the delay is acceptable.
• Processors of the application circuitry 502 and processors of the baseband circuitry 504 may be used to execute elements of one or more instances of a protocol stack.
• processors of the baseband circuitry 504 alone or in combination, may be used execute Layer 3, Layer 2, or Layer 1 functionality, while processors of the application circuitry 504 may utilize data (e.g., packet data) received from these layers and further execute Layer 4 functionality (e.g., transmission communication protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) layers).
• Layer 3 may comprise a radio resource control (RRC) layer, described in further detail below.
• RRC radio resource control
• Layer 2 may comprise a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, described in further detail below.
• Layer 1 may comprise a physical (PHY) layer of a UE/RAN node, described in further detail below.
• FIG. 6 illustrates example interfaces of baseband circuitry in accordance with some embodiments.
• the baseband circuitry 504 of FIG. 5 may comprise processors 504A-504E and a memory 504G utilized by said processors.
• Each of the processors 504A-504E may include a memory interface, 604A-604E, respectively, to send/receive data to/from the memory 504G.
• the baseband circuitry 504 may further include one or more interfaces to communicatively couple to other circuitries/devices, such as a memory interface 612 (e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from memory external to the baseband circuitry 504), an application circuitry interface 614 (e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from the application circuitry 502 of FIG. 5), an RF circuitry interface 616 (e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from RF circuitry 506 of FIG.
• a memory interface 612 e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from memory external to the baseband circuitry 504
• an application circuitry interface 614 e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from the application circuitry 502 of FIG. 5
• an RF circuitry interface 616 e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from RF circuitry 506 of FIG.
• a wireless hardware connectivity interface 618 e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components
• a power management interface 620 e.g., an interface to send/receive power or control signals to/from the PMC 512.
• an apparatus of a Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) user equipment comprises one or more baseband processors to encode a UE measurement capability message UE-EUTRA-Capability to be sent to a serving cell, wherein the UE measurement capability message indicates that the UE is capable of performing a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement based at least in part on a first number of resource elements (REs) transmitted by a target cell per a duration of a second number of orthogonal frequency- division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, and a memory to store the UE measurement capability message.
• RSRP reference signal received power
• Example two may include the subject matter of example one or any of the examples described herein, wherein the UE is to perform the RSRP measurement on one or more REs that carry secondary synchronization (SS) signals.
• Example three may include the subject matter of example one or any of the examples described herein, wherein the one or more baseband processors are to perform the RSRP measurement in a radio resource control idle state (RRCJDLE), in an RRC inactive state (RRC_IN ACTIVE), or in an RRC connected state (RRC_CONNECTED).
• Example four may include the subject matter of example one or any of the examples described herein, wherein the RSRP measurement is based at least in part on a linear average of the first number of resource elements.
• Example five may include the subject matter of example one or any of the examples described herein, wherein the RSRP measurement is based at last in part on the second number of OFDM symbols in an SS/physical broadcast channel (PBCH) Block Measurement Time Configuration (SMTC) window duration.
• Example six may include the subject matter of example one or any of the examples described herein, wherein the second number is equal to one.
• PBCH physical broadcast channel
• SMTC Block Measurement Time Configuration
• an apparatus of a Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) user equipment comprises one or more baseband processors to encode a UE measurement capability message UE-EUTRA-Capability to be sent to a serving cell, wherein the UE measurement capability message indicates that the UE is capable of performing a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement based at least in part on a first number of kilohertz (kHz) in frequency of resource elements (REs) in a downlink frame transmitted by a target cell per a duration of a second number of microseconds ( ⁇ 8) in time, and a memory to store the UE measurement capability message.
• RSRP reference signal received power
• Example eight may include the subject matter of example seven or any of the examples described herein, wherein the UE is to perform the RSRP measurement on one or more REs that carry synchronization signals (SS).
• Example nine may include the subject matter of example seven or any of the examples described herein, wherein the one or more baseband processors are to perform the RSRP measurement in a radio resource control idle state (RRCJDLE), in an RRC inactive state (RRC_IN ACTIVE), or in an RRC connected state (RRC_CONNECTED).
• Example ten may include the subject matter of example seven or any of the examples described herein, wherein the RSRP measurement is based at least in part on a linear average of the first number of resource elements.
• Example eleven may include the subject matter of example seven or any of the examples described herein, wherein the RSRP measurement is based at last in part on the second number of OFDM symbols in an SS/physical broadcast channel (PBCH) Block Measurement Time Configuration (SMTC) window duration.
• PBCH physical broadcast channel
• SMTC Block Measurement Time Configuration
• an apparatus of a Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) evolved NodeB (eNB) comprises one or more baseband processors to decode a user equipment (UE) measurement capability message UE-EUTRA-Capability received from a UE, wherein the UE measurement capability message indicates that the UE is capable of performing a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement based at least in part on a first number of resource elements (REs) transmitted by a target cell per a duration of a second number of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, and a memory to store the UE measurement capability message.
• RSRP reference signal received power
• Example thirteen may include the subject matter of example twelve or any of the examples described herein, wherein the one or more baseband processors are to encode a measurement configuration message MeasObjectNR to be sent to the UE to configure the UE to perform the RSRP measurement based at least in part on the UE measurement capability message.
• Example fourteen may include the subject matter of example twelve or any of the examples described herein, wherein the RSRP measurement is to be performed on one or more REs that carry secondary synchronization (SS) signals.
• SS secondary synchronization
• Example fifteen may include the subject matter of example twelve or any of the examples described herein, wherein the RSRP measurement is to be performed during radio resource control idle state (RRC_IDLE), in an RRC inactive state (RRC_IN ACTIVE) , or in an RRC connected state (RRC_CONNECTED).
• Example sixteen may include the subject matter of example twelve or any of the examples described herein, wherein the RSRP measurement is based at least in part on a linear average of the first number of resource elements.
• Example seventeen may include the subject matter of example twelve or any of the examples described herein, wherein the RSRP measurement is based at last in part on the second number of OFDM symbols in an SS/physical broadcast channel (PBCH) Block Measurement Time Configuration (SMTC) window duration.
• PBCH physical broadcast channel
• SMTC Block Measurement Time Configuration
• Example eighteen may include the subject matter of example twelve or any of the examples described herein, wherein the second number is equal to one.
• one or more machine-readable media may have instructions thereon that, when executed by an apparatus of a Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) user equipment (UE), result in encoding a UE measurement capability message UE-EUTRA-Capability to be sent to a serving cell, wherein the UE measurement capability message indicates that the UE is capable of performing a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement based at least in part on a first number of resource elements (REs) transmitted by a target cell per a duration of a second number of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, and performing the RSRP measurement on one or more REs that carry secondary synchronization (SS) signals.
• RSRP reference signal received power
• Example twenty may include the subject matter of example nineteen or any of the examples described herein, wherein the instructions, when executed, further result in performing the RSRP measurement in a radio resource control idle state (RRC_IDLE), in an RRC inactive state (RRC_IN ACTIVE) , or in an RRC connected state (RRC_CONNECTED).
• Example twenty-one may include the subject matter of example nineteen or any of the examples described herein, wherein the RSRP measurement is based at least in part on a linear average of the first number of resource elements.
• Example twenty-two may include the subject matter of example nineteen or any of the examples described herein, wherein the RSRP measurement is based at last in part on the second number of OFDM symbols in an SS/physical broadcast channel (PBCH) Block Measurement Time Configuration (SMTC) window duration.
• Example twenty-three may include the subject matter of example nineteen or any of the examples described herein, wherein the second number is equal to one.
• one or more machine-readable media may have instructions thereon that, when executed by an apparatus of a Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) evolved NodeB (eNB), result in decoding a user equipment (UE) measurement capability message received from a UE, wherein the UE measurement capability message indicates that the UE is capable of performing a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement based at least in part on a first number of resource elements (REs) transmitted by a target cell per a duration of a second number of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, and encoding a measurement configuration message MeasObjectNR to be sent to the UE to configure the UE to perform the RSRP measurement based at least in part on the UE measurement capability message.
• 5G Fifth Generation
• NR New Radio
• eNB evolved NodeB
• UE measurement capability message indicates that the UE is capable of performing a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement based at least in part on a first number of resource elements (REs)
• Example twenty-five may include the subject matter of example twenty-four or any of the examples described herein, wherein the RSRP measurement is to be performed on one or more REs that carry secondary synchronization (SS) signals.
• Example twenty-six may include the subject matter of example twenty-four or any of the examples described herein, wherein the RSRP measurement is to be performed during radio resource control idle state (RRC_IDLE), in an RRC inactive state (RRC_IN ACTIVE), or in an RRC connected state (RRC_CONNECTED).
• Example twenty-seven may include the subject matter of example twenty-four or any of the examples described herein, wherein the RSRP measurement is based at least in part on a linear average of the first number of resource elements.
• Example twenty-eight may include the subject matter of example twenty-four or any of the examples described herein, wherein the RSRP measurement is based at last in part on the second number of OFDM symbols in an SS/physical broadcast channel (PBCH) Block Measurement Time Configuration (SMTC) window duration.
• Example twenty- nine may include the subject matter of example twenty-four or any of the examples described herein, wherein the second number is equal to one.
• an apparatus of a Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) user equipment comprises means for encoding a UE measurement capability message UE- EUTRA-Capability to be sent to a serving cell, wherein the UE measurement capability message indicates that the UE is capable of performing a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement based at least in part on a first number of resource elements (REs) transmitted by a target cell per a duration of a second number of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, and means for performing the RSRP measurement on one or more REs that carry secondary synchronization (SS) signals.
• RSRP reference signal received power
• Example thirty-one may include the subject matter of example thirty or any of the examples described herein, further comprising means for performing the RSRP measurement in a radio resource control idle state (RRC_IDLE), in an RRC inactive state (RRC_IN ACTIVE), or in an RRC connected state (RRC_CONNECTED).
• Example thirty-two may include the subject matter of example thirty or any of the examples described herein, wherein the RSRP measurement is based at least in part on a linear average of the first number of resource elements.
• Example thirty-three may include the subject matter of example thirty or any of the examples described herein, wherein the RSRP measurement is based at last in part on the second number of OFDM symbols in an SS/physical broadcast channel (PBCH) Block Measurement Time Configuration (SMTC) window duration.
• Example thirty-four may include the subject matter of example thirty or any of the examples described herein, wherein the second number is equal to one.
• PBCH physical broadcast channel
• SMTC Block Measurement Time Configuration
• an apparatus of a Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) evolved NodeB comprises means for decoding a user equipment (UE) measurement capability message UE-EUTRA-Capability received from a UE, wherein the UE measurement capability message indicates that the UE is capable of performing a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement based at least in part on a first number of resource elements (REs) transmitted by a target cell per a duration of a second number of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, and means for encoding a measurement configuration message MeasObjectNR to be sent to the UE to configure the UE to perform the RSRP measurement based at least in part on the UE measurement capability message.
• RSRP reference signal received power
• Example thirty-six may include the subject matter of example thirty-five or any of the examples described herein, wherein the RSRP measurement is to be performed on one or more REs that carry secondary synchronization (SS) signals.
• Example thirty- seven may include the subject matter of example thirty-five or any of the examples described herein, wherein the RSRP measurement is to be performed during radio resource control idle state (RRC_IDLE), in an RRC inactive state (RRC_IN ACTIVE), or in an RRC connected state (RRC_CONNECTED).
• Example thirty-eight may include the subject matter of example thirty-five or any of the examples described herein, wherein the RSRP measurement is based at least in part on a linear average of the first number of resource elements.
• Example thirty-nine may include the subject matter of example thirty-five or any of the examples described herein, wherein the RSRP measurement is based at last in part on the second number of OFDM symbols in an SS/physical broadcast channel (PBCH) Block Measurement Time Configuration (SMTC) window duration.
• Example forty may include the subject matter of example thirty-five or any of the examples described herein, wherein the second number is equal to one.
• Example forty-one is directed to machine-readable storage including machine-readable instructions, when executed, to realize an apparatus as recited in any preceding example.
• Coupled may mean that two or more elements are in direct physical and/or electrical contact. Coupled, however, may also mean that two or more elements may not be in direct contact with each other, but yet may still cooperate and/or interact with each other.
• Coupled may mean that two or more elements do not contact each other but are indirectly joined together via another element or intermediate elements.
• on may be used in the following description and claims.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=61258611

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Cited By (11)

Citations (2)

• 2018
  • 2018-02-01 WO PCT/US2018/016521 patent/WO2018144781A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2018-02-01 DE DE112018000319.1T patent/DE112018000319T5/de active Pending

Patent Citations (2)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events