WO2018137543A1 - 灭火剂用改性剂及包含该改性剂的植物改性灭火剂 - Google Patents
灭火剂用改性剂及包含该改性剂的植物改性灭火剂 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018137543A1 WO2018137543A1 PCT/CN2018/073228 CN2018073228W WO2018137543A1 WO 2018137543 A1 WO2018137543 A1 WO 2018137543A1 CN 2018073228 W CN2018073228 W CN 2018073228W WO 2018137543 A1 WO2018137543 A1 WO 2018137543A1
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- fire extinguishing
- plant
- extinguishing agent
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- water
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0035—Aqueous solutions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0071—Foams
- A62D1/0078—Foams containing proteins or protein derivatives
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the field of fire extinguishing agents, in particular to a plant modified fire extinguishing agent which uses multi-plants and fruit extracts as main modifying components.
- the shocking fire is a serious threat to the safety of people's lives and property.
- Fire extinguishing agents are the key to determining the size of the fire.
- the inventor's patent ZL01115170.6 was authorized on October 27, 2004 to introduce a plant composite flame retardant active agent
- the inventor's other patent ZL200410036054.X was authorized on December 23, 2009.
- the active water in the plant active flame retardant fire extinguishing agent is diluted with water to form a fire extinguishing agent, which is put into a portable fire extinguisher and can be used for fighting fires of Class A, B and C, but in practice, the concentration is 6 % fires with a fire area of no more than 3A or 12B are good, but for large areas of fire, it is difficult to achieve satisfactory results, especially after the fire and the treatment after expiration is not ideal.
- fire extinguishing agent there are four disadvantages of fire extinguishing agent: First, it is forcibly prohibited from being used due to pollution damage to the human environment (such as halon fire extinguishing agent); second, the fire extinguishing efficiency does not reach the actual effect; third, the fire extinguishing function range is limited, and the extinguishing Polar solvent fires and liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas Class C fires, the effect is not good; Fourth, the treatment after fire extinguishing or after expiration brings great harm to the land and water resources.
- fire extinguishing agents that can be used in fire extinguishers, fire engines, fixed fire extinguishing systems, and environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agents that can help to control the pollution of sewers and riverbeds, pepper, persimmon peel, orange peel, eggplant, beet
- the slag and plant residue ash and other emulsification agent for modifying the fire extinguishing agent and the above-mentioned plant composite flame retardant active agent are compounded to form a new plant modified fire extinguishing agent, which can meet large-area fire extinguishing, such as extinguishing a large oil storage tank Large-scale oil storage tanks, polar solvents and other large-area fire extinguishing needs.
- the modifier for fire extinguishing agent of the present invention comprises the following materials: 0.5-3% of pepper, 3.5-6% of persimmon skin, 2.5-5% of orange peel, 1.5-4% of eggplant, and 2.5-5 of beet pulp. % and active water 77-89.5%; the preparation raw material of the active water comprises, in weight percentage, 12 to 20% of distiller's grains, 3 to 5% of ash, and 100% of water added to the total weight.
- the modifier raw material for fire extinguishing agent includes pepper, persimmon skin, orange peel, eggplant, beet pulp and active water, which contains pectin, dissolved oil, limonene, lactone, and unsaturated organic acid. It is rich in tannin polyols, vegetable protein and inorganic salt flame retardant substances. These materials have strong flame retardancy and environmental protection after compounding.
- the active water described in the present invention is the active water in the patent ZL200410036054.X.
- the modifier for fire extinguishing agent comprises: 1.5-2% of pepper, 4.5-5% of persimmon skin, 3.5-4% of orange peel, 2.5- of eggplant. 3%, beet pulp 3.5-4% and active water 82-84.5%.
- the modifier for fire extinguishing agent the raw material of which comprises: 1% of pepper, 4% of persimmon skin, 3% of orange peel, 2% of eggplant, 3% of beet pulp and Active water 87%.
- the total content of pectin, dissolved oil, limonene, lactone, unsaturated organic acid, tannin-rich polyhydroxy compound and vegetable protein contained in the modifier for fire extinguishing agent is not less than 17 %, which makes its flame retardancy greatly improved.
- Plant modified fire extinguishing agent including plant composite flame retardant active agent, plant residue gray water and modifier for fire extinguishing agent according to any of the above schemes, in weight percentage, modifier for fire extinguishing agent 10-20%, plant The composite flame retardant active agent is 8-17% and the plant residue ash water is 63-82%.
- the plant modified fire extinguishing agent prepared by the three raw materials when the plant modified fire extinguishing agent is mixed with the burning substance, changes the flammable and combustible properties of the burning substance, thereby making it into a flame retardant and incombustible material, thereby Force the combustion to stop.
- the plant composite flame retardant active agent described in the present invention adopts the plant composite flame retardant active agent in the patent of ZL01115170.6, and the preparation method, performance and technical characteristics thereof are all described in detail in the authorization text. It will not be described in the specification.
- the plant modified fire extinguishing agent comprises: 10-15% of the modifier for the fire extinguishing agent, 8-12% of the plant composite flame retardant active agent, and the plant residue ash. Water 73-82%.
- the plant modified fire extinguishing agent comprises: 12-17% of the modifier for the fire extinguishing agent, 10-15% of the plant composite flame retardant active agent, and the plant residue ash. Water 68-78%.
- the plant modified fire extinguishing agent comprises: 15-20% of the modifier for the fire extinguishing agent, 12-17% of the plant composite flame retardant active agent and the plant residue ash. Water 63-73%.
- the plant modified fire extinguishing agent the raw material of the plant comprises, by weight percentage, 13% of modifier for fire extinguishing agent, 13% of plant compound flame retardant active agent and 74% of plant residue gray water.
- the preparation method of the plant modified fire extinguishing agent comprises the following steps:
- the selected dried pepper, persimmon skin, orange peel, eggplant, beet pulp is cut into 5 ⁇ 15mm block, added to the active water in order of weight, normal temperature (10-30 ° C) Soak for 10-12 hours, then keep at 60-65 ° C for 6 hours, cool down to below 35 ° C for filtration, take the clear liquid as a modifier for fire extinguishing agent;
- the slag can be used as farmland fertilizer or ripper for planting flowers and trees;
- the plant residue gray water in weight percentage is added to the stirred reactor, and the modifier for the fire extinguishing agent is added by weight, and the temperature is raised to 40-45 ° C, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour, and added in weight percentage.
- the plant compound flame-retardant active agent is heated to 50-55 ° C for 2 hours, and the temperature is lowered to 38 ° C or less.
- the material is filtered and stored, which is a plant modified fire extinguishing agent.
- the plant modified fire extinguishing agent is prepared by mixing the plant modified fire extinguishing agent according to any one of the above schemes with water at a concentration of 3%, and is loaded into a portable fire extinguisher, a foam gun, a fire truck and a large fire extinguishing device.
- the plant modified fire extinguishing agent can fully implement the ambulance for all kinds of fires of the rescue objects A, B and C, and achieve the purpose of rapid, high-efficiency and environmental protection fire extinguishing, and the mechanism of the modified fire extinguishing is as follows:
- the modified fire extinguishing energy possessed by the plant can quickly modify the burning substance, and at the same time modify the plant to modify the flame retardant substance (such as alkaloid, phosphate) , potassium carbonate), surface active substances (such as vegetable protein, fatty acid, polysaccharide, saponin, dissolved oil) film-forming active substances (if glue, gum, phosphate, cellulose), modified reducing substances (rich in tannins Phenolic compounds, lignin, cellulose, etc. are dissolved in the burning substances, which change the flammable and flammable properties, become a flame-retardant and incombustible substance, and play a role in changing the properties of the burning substances, forcing the combustion to stop.
- the flame retardant substance such as alkaloid, phosphate) , potassium carbonate
- surface active substances such as vegetable protein, fatty acid, polysaccharide, saponin, dissolved oil
- film-forming active substances if glue, gum, phosphate, cellulose
- modified reducing substances
- the plant modified fire extinguishing agent contains many components with fast heat absorption.
- the specific heat of water is 1cal/g•°C.
- 1L of water evaporates and vaporizes, it needs to absorb 539Kcal of heat, and the volume is expanded by 1720 times, while the plant modified fire extinguishing agent
- the rapid heat absorption material when the liquid containing 10% of the endothermic substance in 1L evaporates, it needs to absorb 3290Kcal of heat, and the volume is expanded by 6 times than the water.
- the mixed steam of the fire extinguishing agent accounts for 50-90 of the combustion space. %, forcing the combustion to stop on its own.
- the modified flame retardant of the plant modified fire extinguishing agent is very soluble in water. Therefore, for the water-soluble flammable combustible material, it can simultaneously produce the triple action of dilution, flame retardation and modification.
- the fire extinguishing agent supply strength satisfies the flammable concentration or combustion intensity of the diluted flame-retardant modified combustion object and falls below the maintenance combustion limit value, the flame can be extinguished by itself.
- modified substances and film materials are sensitive to temperature, and are easy to be integrated into the membrane, and can form different films under the condition that the surface tension of the combustion products changes.
- Omentum, foam film, film, coke film, water film, composite film cover the surface of the burning material, reducing the surface tension, and functioning as an oxygen barrier, thereby sealing the combustible gas and cutting off the heat of combustion. Passing, eventually forcing the combustion to stop.
- the plant modified fire extinguishing agent contains polyhydric phenolic compounds such as tannin, pectin, limonene, unsaturated organic acid, lignin, cellulose, humic acid and the like, it can adsorb heavy metal pollution and dissolve the sewer.
- Riverbed oil can effectively alleviate the treatment after fire extinguishing or late maturity, and effectively help the pollution of the earth and riverbed, and also help the flowers and trees. Not only reduces the corrosion rate, but more importantly, it improves the fire extinguishing efficiency.
- the modified fire extinguishing agent of the plant is compounded with a modifier for fire extinguishing agent, plant residue gray water and a plant composite flame retardant active agent, and plant proteins, fire extinguishing substances, anti-burning substances, colloidal substances, and different sources are added.
- Modified substances and corrosion-resistant substances play an important role in improving the fire-extinguishing and anti-burning efficiency.
- the sealing performance of the film is good, the fire-extinging power generated is huge, and the environmental pollution is changed, which is also beyond the reach of existing fire-extinguishing agents.
- the modified fire extinguishing agent of the plant has good fire extinguishing power and good environmental protection effect, and is not in reach of other fire extinguishing agents.
- the raw materials are easy to obtain, the manufacturing process and equipment conditions are simple, so the cost is low, and the cost is only 1/2 of the AFFF fire extinguishing agent.
- the fire extinguishing efficiency is higher than 1/3, and it is easy to use. It can be used for portable fire extinguishers, foam guns, fire engines, or with existing large fire extinguishing equipment. It is suitable for the fire fighting of large-area fires of Class A, B and C. .
- Figure 1 is a flow chart for preparing a modifier for a fire extinguishing agent
- Figure 3 is a flow chart for preparing a plant modified fire extinguishing agent
- Figure 4 is a comparison table of main technical indexes of plant modified fire extinguishing agents and other types of fire extinguishing agents in various examples.
- the weight percentage of raw materials used for the modifier for fire extinguishing agent is: 0.5% of pepper, 3.5% of persimmon skin, 2.5% of orange peel, 1.5% of eggplant, 2.5% of beet pulp and 89.5% of active water; It is: 10% modifier for fire extinguishing agent, 82% plant ash water and 8% plant compound flame retardant active agent.
- Each preparation flow chart is shown in Figures 1 to 3. Mix the plant modified fire extinguishing agent with water at a concentration of 3%, take 6L, put it into a portable fire extinguisher, and extinguish the Class A fire (wood fire) according to the GB4351-1997 standard.
- the fire extinguishing energy is equal to 5A, and there is no re-ignition for 10 minutes. Compared with fire extinguishing agents that do not use modifiers for fire extinguishing agents, the fire extinguishing energy is only equal to 2A under the same conditions.
- the weight percentage of the raw materials used for the modifier for fire extinguishing agent is: 1% of pepper, 4% of persimmon skin, 3% of orange peel, 2% of eggplant, 3% of beet pulp and 87% of active water, and the weight percentage of raw materials of plant modified fire extinguishing agent. It is 13% of modifier for fire extinguishing agent, 74% of plant residue ash water and 13% of plant compound flame retardant active agent.
- the fire extinguishing energy is equal to 55B, and the fire is 30 minutes after the fire. The point is not burning. Compared with fire extinguishing agents that do not use modifiers for fire extinguishing agents, the fire extinguishing energy is only equal to 22B under the same conditions.
- the weight percentage of the raw materials used for the modifier for fire extinguishing agent is: 1.5% of pepper, 4.5% of persimmon skin, 3.5% of orange peel, 2.5% of eggplant, 3.5% of beet pulp and 84.5% of active water, and the weight percentage of raw materials of plant modified fire extinguishing agent. It is: 15% modifier for fire extinguishing agent, 73% plant ash water and 12% plant compound flame retardant active agent.
- the fire extinguishing time is equal to 5s, the consumption of mixed liquid 1.4L.
- the fire extinguishing time is only equal to 10 s under the same conditions.
- the weight percentage of the raw materials used for the modifier for fire extinguishing agent is: 2% of pepper, 5% of persimmon skin, 4% of orange peel, 3% of eggplant, 4% of beet pulp and 82% of active water, and the weight percentage of raw materials of plant modified fire extinguishing agent. It is: 12% of modifier for fire extinguishing agent, 78% of plant residue ash water and 10% of plant compound flame retardant active agent.
- the plant modified fire extinguishing agent was used to extinguish a 50m2 (light oil fire) fire with a PQ8 (3% concentration) foam gun at a concentration of 3%.
- the fire extinguishing time was ⁇ 55s. Compared with fire extinguishing agents that do not use modifiers for fire extinguishing agents, the fire extinguishing time is greater than 180 s under the same conditions.
- the weight percentage of the raw materials used for the modifier for fire extinguishing agent is: 2.5% of pepper, 4.5% of persimmon skin, 3.5% of orange peel, 2.5% of eggplant, 3.5% of beet pulp and 79.5% of active water; It is: 20% modifier for fire extinguishing agent, 63% for plant residue ash water and 17% for plant composite flame retardant active agent.
- the plant modified fire extinguishing agent was used at a concentration of 3%, and a PQ8 (3% concentration) foam gun was used to extinguish a 50 m2 alcohol fire (polar fuel fire), and the fire extinguishing time was ⁇ 98 s. Compared with fire extinguishing agents that do not use modifiers for fire extinguishing agents, the fire extinguishing time is greater than 300 s under the same conditions.
- the weight percentage of the raw materials used for the modifier for fire extinguishing agent is: 3% of pepper, 6% of persimmon skin, 5% of orange peel, 4% of eggplant, 5% of sugar beet and 77% of active water; It is: 17% of modifier for fire extinguishing agent, 68% of plant residue ash water and 15% of plant compound flame retardant active agent.
- the plant modified fire extinguishing agent was used at a concentration of 6%, and two 32 high-spray foam guns were used to extinguish 5,000 tons of oil tanks (light oil fire), and the fire extinguishing time was 97s. Compared with fire extinguishing agents that do not use modifiers for fire extinguishing agents, the fire extinguishing time is greater than 480s under the same conditions.
- FIG. 4 the comparison table of the main technical indexes of the plant modified fire extinguishing agent and other types of fire extinguishing agents according to various embodiments of the present invention is shown in FIG. 4 .
- the fire extinguishing time is 3.5-5min, anti-burning time.
- the corrosion rate is 2-12, which is inferior to the fire-extinguishing and anti-burning effects of the present invention.
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Abstract
灭火剂用改性剂、包含该改性剂的植物改性灭火剂以及植物改性灭火剂的制备方法和调配方法。灭火剂用改性剂的原料包括：花椒、柿子皮、橘子皮、茄子棵、甜菜渣和活性水，植物改性灭火剂包括植物复合阻燃活性剂、植物渣灰水和灭火剂用改性剂。
Description
本发明属灭火剂领域，具体地说是一种以多植物、果实提取液为主要改性成分的植物改性灭火剂。
触目惊心的火灾，严重威胁着人民生命和财产的安全，灭火剂是决定火灾损失大小的关键。
本发明人专利ZL01115170.6，于2004年10月27日取得授权，介绍了一种植物复合阻燃活性剂，本发明人另一专利ZL200410036054.X，于2009年12月23日取得授权，介绍了植物活性阻燃灭火剂中的活性水，将其用水稀释后制成灭火剂，装入手提式灭火器中，可用于扑救A、B、C类火灾，但在实践中发现，使用浓度为6%扑救面积不超过3A或12B的火灾效果不错，而对于较大面积的大火，则难于取得满意效果，特别是灭火后的残留物及到期后的处理不太理想。
现在灭火剂的弊端有四方面：一是因对人类环境造成污染破坏，被强行禁止使用（如哈龙灭火剂）；二是灭火效能达不到实际效果；三是灭火功能范围受局限，扑灭极性溶剂火灾和液化石油气、天然气C类火灾，效果不佳；四是灭火后或到期后的处理给大地及水资源带来极大危害。
为了开发更有效的可以用于灭火器、消防车、固定灭火系统的灭火剂，并且能有助于治理下水道及河床的污染的环保型灭火剂，将花椒、柿子皮、橘子皮、茄子棵、甜菜渣及植物渣灰等浸取加工的灭火剂用改性剂与前述植物复合阻燃活性剂进行复配加工制成新的植物改性灭火剂，可以满足大面积灭火，如扑灭大型储油罐、大型储油池、极性溶剂等大面积灭火的需要。
本发明灭火剂用改性剂，其原料以重量百分比计，包括：花椒0.5-3%、柿子皮3.5-6%、橘子皮2.5-5%、茄子棵1.5-4%、甜菜渣2.5-5%和活性水77-89.5%；所述活性水的制备原料以重量百分比计，包括：酒糟12～20%、草木灰3～5%及水添加至总重量达 100%。
通过上述技术方案，灭火剂用改性剂原料包括花椒、柿子皮、橘子皮、茄子棵、甜菜渣和活性水，其中含有果胶、溶解油、柠檬烯、内脂苯甲酚、不饱和有机酸、富含单宁多羟基化合物及植物蛋白、无机盐阻燃物质，这些物质复合后具有很强的阻燃性和环保性。本发明中所述的活性水，采用的是ZL200410036054.X专利中的活性水。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述的灭火剂用改性剂，其原料以重量百分比计，包括：花椒1.5-2%、柿子皮4.5-5%、橘子皮3.5-4%、茄子棵2.5-3%、甜菜渣3.5-4%和活性水82-84.5%。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述的灭火剂用改性剂，其原料以重量百分比计，包括：花椒1%、柿子皮4%、橘子皮3%、茄子棵2%、甜菜渣3%和活性水87%。通过上述技术方案，灭火剂用改性剂中含有的果胶、溶解油、柠檬烯、内脂苯甲酚、不饱和有机酸、富含单宁多羟基化合物及植物蛋白的总含量不低于17％，这使得其阻燃性大大提升。
植物改性灭火剂，包括植物复合阻燃活性剂、植物渣灰水和上述任一方案所述的灭火剂用改性剂，以重量百分比计，灭火剂用改性剂10-20%、植物复合阻燃活性剂8-17%和植物渣灰水63-82%。通过上述技术方案，这三种原料制成的植物改性灭火剂，当植物改性灭火剂与燃烧物质混合时，改变燃烧物质的易燃、可燃性质，使其变为难燃、不燃物，从而迫使燃烧停止。本发明中所述的植物复合阻燃活性剂，采用的是ZL01115170.6专利中的植物复合阻燃活性剂，其制备方法、性能、技术特征等，均在授权文本中有详细描述，在此说明书中不再赘述。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述的植物改性灭火剂，其原料以重量百分比计，包括：灭火剂用改性剂10-15%、植物复合阻燃活性剂8-12%和植物渣灰水73-82%。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述的植物改性灭火剂，其原料以重量百分比计，包括：灭火剂用改性剂12-17%、植物复合阻燃活性剂10-15%和植物渣灰水68-78%。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述的植物改性灭火剂，其原料以重量百分比计，包括：灭火剂用改性剂15-20%、植物复合阻燃活性剂12-17%和植物渣灰水63-73%。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述的植物改性灭火剂，其原料以重量百分比计，包括：灭火剂用改性剂13%、植物复合阻燃活性剂13%和植物渣灰水74%。
植物改性灭火剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）制备灭火剂用改性剂，采用上述任一项方案所述原料重量百分比：
将选用的干燥花椒、柿子皮、橘子皮、茄子棵、甜菜渣（选用干基甜菜渣）剪切至5～15mm块状，按重量比例依次添加到活性水中，常温（10-30°C）浸泡10-12小时，然后在60-65°C条件下保持6小时，降温至35°C以下过滤，取其清液即为灭火剂用改性剂；
（2）制备植物渣灰水，以重量百分比计：
提取制备植物复合阻燃活性剂、活性水的植物料渣和上述步骤中产生的灭火剂用改性剂的植物料渣，将植物料渣晒干后经焚烧炉焚烧，取焚烧后的植物渣灰5%，加入到95%的自来水中，待全部湿透后，搅拌30分钟，静止24小时搅拌30分钟，静止24小时后过滤取其清液即为植物渣灰水，过滤后的植物灰渣可作为农田肥料或种植花草树木的松土剂使用；
（3）制备植物改性灭火剂，采用上述任一项方案所述的原料重量百分比：
将以重量百分比计的植物渣灰水加入至搅拌反应器中，在搅拌下加入以重量百分比计的灭火剂用改性剂，升温至40-45°C保温搅拌1小时，加入以重量百分比计的植物复合阻燃活性剂升温至50-55°C保温搅拌2小时，降温至38°C以下放料过滤储存，即为植物改性灭火剂。
植物改性灭火剂的调配方法，将上述任一项方案所述的植物改性灭火剂按3％的浓度与水混合，装入手提灭火器、泡沫枪、消防车及与大型灭火设备配套使用。
本发明植物改性灭火剂，对救护对象A、B、C各类火灾能全面实施救护，达到快速、高效、环保灭火的目的，其改性灭火的机理如下：
1、改变燃烧物质的燃烧性质
当植物改性灭火剂与燃烧物质混合时，使其自身具备的改性灭火能量，可迅速对燃烧物质进行改性，在改性同时将植物改性阻燃灭火物质（如生物碱、磷酸盐、碳酸钾），表面活性物质（如植物蛋白、脂肪酸、多糖、皂苷、溶解油）成膜活性物质（如果胶、树胶、磷酸酯、纤维素），改性还原物质（富含单宁多羟基酚类化合物、木质素、纤维素）等溶含在燃烧物质当中，使其改变了易燃可燃性性质，变为难燃、不燃物质，起到改变燃烧物质性质的作用，迫使燃烧停止。
2、快速降温
植物改性灭火剂多种成分含有快速吸热物质，水的比热为1cal/g•℃，当1L的水蒸发汽化时，需要吸收539Kcal的热量，体积扩大1720倍，而植物改性灭火剂的快速吸热物质，当1L中含有10%的吸热物质时的液体蒸发汽化时，需要吸收3290Kcal的热量，体积比水扩大了6倍，此时灭火剂的混合蒸汽占燃烧空间50-90％，迫使燃烧自行停止。
3、稀释阻燃
植物改性灭火剂的改性阻燃物质，极易溶于水，因此对于水溶性的易燃可燃物质，它可同时产生稀释、阻燃、改性三重作用。当灭火剂供给强度满足稀释阻燃改性的燃烧物体的可燃浓度或燃烧强度下降到维持燃烧极限值以下时，火焰可自行熄灭。
4、胶膜封闭
由于植物改性灭火剂中，所有的改性物质和胶膜物质，对温度敏感性很强，且易聚集成膜，并能在燃烧物的表面张力变化的条件下，形成不同胶膜（如网膜、泡膜、胶膜、焦膜、水成膜、复合膜）覆盖在燃烧物质表面上，降低了表面张力，起到隔氧隔热作用，从而封闭了可燃气化物，切断了燃烧热传递，最终迫使燃烧停止。
5、改性环保
由于植物改性灭火剂中含有单宁等多羟基酚类化合物、果胶质、柠檬烯、不饱和有机酸、木质素、纤维素、腐植酸等吸附剂，即可吸附重金属污染也可溶解下水道及河床油污，能有效的缓和对灭火后或到期后期处理，给大地、河床的污染得到了有效帮助、对花草树木也有很好的帮助。不仅降低了腐蚀率，更重要的是提高了灭火效能。
以上功能相互协调、共同作用，从而获得较强的灭火功能和较理想的灭火效果。特别是本植物改性灭火剂使用了灭火剂用改性剂、植物渣灰水和植物复合阻燃活性剂进行复配，增加了不同来源的植物蛋白、灭火物质、抗烧物质，胶体物质、改性物质，耐腐蚀物质对灭火和抗烧效率提高了起到很大的作用，胶膜封闭性能好，所产生的灭火威力巨大，同时改变了环境污染，也是现有灭火剂所不及的。
本植物改性灭火剂，灭火威力大环保效果好，是其它灭火剂所不及的，原料易得，制造工艺和设备条件简单，所以成本低廉，其成本仅AFFF灭火剂的1/2，其改性灭火效能要高于其1／3，而且使用方便，可使用于手提灭火器、泡沫枪、消防车，或与现有大型灭火设备配套，适用于对A、B、C类大面积火灾的扑救。
图1为灭火剂用改性剂的制备流程图；
图2为植物渣灰水的制备流程图；
图3为植物改性灭火剂制备流程图；
图4为各实施例植物改性灭火剂与其他类型的灭火剂的主要技术指标对比表。
实施例
1
灭火剂用改性剂所用原料重量百分比为：花椒0.5%、柿子皮3.5%、橘子皮2.5%、茄子棵1.5%、甜菜渣2.5%和活性水89.5%；植物改性灭火剂的原料重量百分比为：灭火剂用改性剂10%、植物渣灰水82%和植物复合阻燃活性剂8%。各制备流程图如图1至图3所示。将此植物改性灭火剂按3％的浓度与水混合，取6L，装入手提灭火器中，按GB4351-1997标准扑救A类火（木材火），灭火能量等于5A，10分钟无复燃。对比不使用灭火剂用改性剂的灭火剂，在相同条件下，灭火能量仅等于2A。
实施例
2
灭火剂用改性剂所用原料重量百分比为：花椒1%、柿子皮4%、橘子皮3%、茄子棵2%、甜菜渣3%和活性水87%，植物改性灭火剂的原料重量百分比为：灭火剂用改性剂13%、植物渣灰水74%和植物复合阻燃活性剂13%。
将此植物改性灭火剂按3％的浓度与水混合后取6L，装入手提灭火器中，按GB4351-1997标准扑救B类火（工业溶剂火），灭火能量等于55B，灭火后30分钟明火点而不燃。对比不使用灭火剂用改性剂的灭火剂，在相同条件下，灭火能量仅等于22B。
实施例
3
灭火剂用改性剂所用原料重量百分数为：花椒1.5%、柿子皮4.5%、橘子皮3.5%、茄子棵2.5%、甜菜渣3.5%和活性水84.5%，植物改性灭火剂的原料重量百分比为：灭火剂用改性剂15%、植物渣灰水73%和植物复合阻燃活性剂12%。
将此植物改性灭火剂按3％的浓度与水混合后取6L，装入手提灭火器中，用于扑救C类火（25L罐装液化石油气火），灭火时间等于5s，混合液消耗量1.4L。对比不使用灭火剂用改性剂的灭火剂，在相同条件下，灭火时间仅等于10s。
实施例
4
灭火剂用改性剂所用原料重量百分数为：花椒2%、柿子皮5%、橘子皮4%、茄子棵3%、甜菜渣4%和活性水82%，植物改性灭火剂的原料重量百分比为：灭火剂用改性剂12%、植物渣灰水78%和植物复合阻燃活性剂10%。
将此植物改性灭火剂按3％的使用浓度，用一支PQ8（3%浓度）泡沫枪扑救50㎡（轻质油火）火，灭火时间≤55s。对比不使用灭火剂用改性剂的灭火剂，在相同条件下，灭火时间大于180s。
实施例
5
灭火剂用改性剂所用原料重量百分数为：花椒2.5%、柿子皮4.5%、橘子皮3.5%、茄子棵2.5%、甜菜渣3.5%和活性水79.5%；植物改性灭火剂的原料重量百分比为：灭火剂用改性剂20%、植物渣灰水63%和植物复合阻燃活性剂17%。
将此植物改性灭火剂按3％的使用浓度，用一支PQ8（3%浓度）泡沫枪用于扑救50㎡酒精火(极性燃料火)，灭火时间≤98s。对比不使用灭火剂用改性剂的灭火剂，在相同条件下，灭火时间大于300s。
实施例
6
灭火剂用改性剂所用原料重量百分数为：花椒3%、柿子皮6%、橘子皮5%、茄子棵4%、甜菜渣5%和活性水77%；植物改性灭火剂的原料重量百分比为：灭火剂用改性剂17%、植物渣灰水68%和植物复合阻燃活性剂15%。
将此植物改性灭火剂按6％的使用浓度，用两支32的高喷泡沫枪用于扑救5000吨油罐（轻质油火），灭火时间97s。对比不使用灭火剂用改性剂的灭火剂，在相同条件下，灭火时间大于480s以上。
此外，按GB15308-2006标准，本发明各实施例植物改性灭火剂与其他类型的灭火剂的主要技术指标对比表如图4所示。
这些技术指标均按照上述标准中规定的条件和方法测定，在相同条件和方法测试下，对比其他达到标准的不含有灭火剂用改性剂的灭火剂，灭火时间在3.5-5min，抗烧时间在3-5min，腐蚀率2-12，比不上本发明的灭火及抗烧效果。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对发明作任何形式上的限制，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上，然而并非用以限定本发明，任何本领域技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内，当可利用上述揭示的技术内容做出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例，但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (10)
- 灭火剂用改性剂，其特征在于，其原料以重量百分比计，包括：花椒0.5-3%、柿子皮3.5-6%、橘子皮2.5-5%、茄子棵1.5-4%、甜菜渣2.5-5%和活性水77-89.5%；所述活性水的制备原料以重量百分比计，包括：酒糟12～20%、草木灰3～5%及水添加至总重量达 100%。
- 如权利要求1所述的灭火剂用改性剂，其特征在于，其原料以重量百分比计，包括：花椒1.5-2%、柿子皮4.5-5%、橘子皮3.5-4%、茄子棵2.5-3%、甜菜渣3.5-4%和活性水82-84.5%。
- 如权利要求1所述的灭火剂用改性剂，其特征在于，其原料以重量百分比计，包括：花椒1%、柿子皮4%、橘子皮3%、茄子棵2%、甜菜渣3%和活性水87%。
- 植物改性灭火剂，其特征在于，包括植物复合阻燃活性剂、植物渣灰水和权利要求1-3任一项所述的灭火剂用改性剂，以重量百分比计，灭火剂用改性剂10-20%、植物复合阻燃活性剂8-17%和植物渣灰水63-82%。
- 如权利要求4所述的植物改性灭火剂，其特征在于，其原料以重量百分比计，包括：灭火剂用改性剂10-15%、植物复合阻燃活性剂8-12%和植物渣灰水73-82%。
- 如权利要求4所述的植物改性灭火剂，其特征在于，其原料以重量百分比计，包括：灭火剂用改性剂12-17%、植物复合阻燃活性剂10-15%和植物渣灰水68-78%。
- 如权利要求4所述的植物改性灭火剂，其特征在于，其原料以重量百分比计，包括：灭火剂用改性剂15-20%、植物复合阻燃活性剂12-17%和植物渣灰水63-73%。
- 如权利要求4所述的植物改性灭火剂，其特征在于，其原料以重量百分比计，包括：灭火剂用改性剂13%、植物复合阻燃活性剂13%和植物渣灰水74%。
- 植物改性灭火剂的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：（1）制备灭火剂用改性剂，采用权利要求1-3任一项所述原料重量百分比：将选用的干燥花椒、柿子皮、橘子皮、茄子棵、甜菜渣剪切至5～15mm块状，按重量比例依次添加到活性水中，常温浸泡10-12小时，然后在60-65°C条件下保持6小时，降温至35°C以下过滤，取其清液即为灭火剂用改性剂；（2）制备植物渣灰水，以重量百分比计：提取制备植物复合阻燃活性剂、活性水的植物料渣和上述步骤中产生的灭火剂用改性剂的植物料渣，将植物料渣晒干后经焚烧炉焚烧，取焚烧后的植物渣灰5%，加入到95%的自来水中搅拌30分钟，静止24小时搅拌30分钟，静止24小时后过滤取其清液即为植物渣灰水，过滤后的植物灰渣可作为农田肥料或种植花草树木的松土剂使用；（3）制备植物改性灭火剂，采用权利要求5-8任一项所述的原料重量百分比：将以重量百分比计的植物渣灰水加入至搅拌反应器中，在搅拌下加入以重量百分比计的灭火剂用改性剂，升温至40-45°C保温搅拌1小时，加入以重量百分比计的植物复合阻燃活性剂升温至50-55°C保温搅拌2小时，降温至38°C以下放料过滤储存，即为植物改性灭火剂。
- 植物改性灭火剂的调配方法，其特征在于，将权利要求5-8任一项所述的植物改性灭火剂按3％的浓度与水混合，装入手提灭火器、泡沫枪、消防车及与大型灭火设备配套使用。
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