WO2018134881A1 - Communication device, meter-reading system, and power outage notification method - Google Patents

Communication device, meter-reading system, and power outage notification method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018134881A1
WO2018134881A1 PCT/JP2017/001381 JP2017001381W WO2018134881A1 WO 2018134881 A1 WO2018134881 A1 WO 2018134881A1 JP 2017001381 W JP2017001381 W JP 2017001381W WO 2018134881 A1 WO2018134881 A1 WO 2018134881A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power failure
power
notification
time
meter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2017/001381
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
川端　孝史
怜志 黒澤
金子　直樹
徹 武曽
裕久 古田
Original Assignee
三菱電機株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 三菱電機株式会社 filed Critical 三菱電機株式会社
Priority to MYPI2019003969A priority Critical patent/MY185564A/en
Priority to CN201780083365.7A priority patent/CN110199564A/en
Priority to PCT/JP2017/001381 priority patent/WO2018134881A1/en
Priority to JP2017545416A priority patent/JP6333484B1/en
Priority to TW107101410A priority patent/TWI678676B/en
Publication of WO2018134881A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018134881A1/en
Priority to PH12019501632A priority patent/PH12019501632A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q9/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/38—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for collecting sensor information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a communication device mounted on a smart meter, a meter reading system, and a power failure notification method.
  • a communication unit which is a communication device mounted on a smart meter, relays data in a bucket relay manner by a method called a multi-hop wireless method.
  • each communication unit grasps the route to the concentrator as the master station by periodically exchanging control messages, and holds the route information indicating the route to the concentrator .
  • RPL IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy Network) standardized by IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) is used as a routing protocol in the multi-hop wireless system.
  • each communication unit needs to relay communication of other communication units. Therefore, each communication unit receives data from other communication units in a time other than the time for transmitting data from itself, and when it is determined that transfer of the received data is necessary, the received data is transferred to the next communication. Transfer to the unit. For this reason, the communication unit in the multi-hop wireless system cannot sleep and wait until the next time it transmits data, like the communication device in other wireless communication systems.
  • a meter reading system equipped with a smart meter may notify a power outage management system (OMS (Outage Management System)) of the occurrence of a power outage and power recovery.
  • OMS Outage Management System
  • the notification of power failure and power recovery is transferred by the multi-hop wireless method described above.
  • Patent Literature 1 below discloses a method for transferring a power failure notification in a meter reading system using a multi-hop wireless system.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a communication apparatus capable of suppressing congestion of a power failure notification.
  • the present invention detects that a power failure has occurred after the first time, which is a randomly determined time, has elapsed since the occurrence of the power failure was detected.
  • generates the power failure notification to show, and the communication part which transmits a power failure notification are provided.
  • the communication device has an effect that congestion of the power failure notification can be suppressed.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a control circuit according to the first embodiment.
  • the figure which shows the structural example of the concentrator of Embodiment 1. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a head end system according to a first embodiment.
  • produced in the area by a failure occurring in the transformer of Embodiment 1 The flowchart which shows an example of the power failure notification process in the smart meter of Embodiment 1
  • the figure which shows the effect of the power failure notification process of Embodiment 1 The flowchart which shows an example of the power recovery notification process in the smart meter of Embodiment 1
  • the figure which shows the effect of the power recovery notification process of Embodiment 1 The chart figure which shows an example of the operation
  • the flowchart which shows an example of the power failure notification process in the smart meter of Embodiment 2 The flowchart which shows an example of the power recovery notification process in the smart meter of Embodiment 2
  • the figure which shows an example of the information stored in the power failure notification of Embodiment 3 The flowchart which shows an example of the filter processing procedure in the power failure management part of the meter data management system of Embodiment 3.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a meter reading system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the meter reading system 9 of the present embodiment includes smart meters 1-1 to 1-18, concentrators 2-1, 2-2, a head end system (HES (Head End System) 3). And a meter data management system (MDMS (Meter Data Management System)) 4.
  • a meter-reading system 9 is a system for automatically metering the amount of electric power supplied to homes, offices, etc. via distribution lines. The meter-reading system 9 may also manage the amount of power supplied to the distribution lines from home and office generators.
  • Transformers 7-1 to 7-3 that are pole transformers are connected to a high-voltage distribution line 500 that is a distribution line connected to a substation or the like.
  • the transformers 7-1 to 7-3 convert the voltage of the power supplied from the high voltage distribution line 500, and supply the voltage-converted power to a low voltage distribution line (not shown).
  • a low voltage distribution line not shown.
  • power is supplied from the transformer 7-1 to the area 8-1 via the low voltage distribution line, and power is supplied from the transformer 7-2 to the area 8-2 via the low voltage distribution line. Then, power is supplied from the transformer 7-3 to the area 8-3 via the low voltage distribution line.
  • smart meters 1-1 to 1-8 are shown without distinction, they are described as smart meters 1, and when the concentrators 2-1 and 2-2 are shown without distinction, they are described as concentrators 2. To do.
  • transformers 7-1 to 7-3 are shown without distinction, they are described as transformer 7, and when the areas 8-1 to 8-3 are shown without distinction, they are described as area 8.
  • smart meters 1-1 to 1-5 are installed in area 8-1
  • smart meters 1-6 to 1-14 are installed in area 8-2
  • 1-15 to 1-18 are installed in the area 8-3.
  • Smart meters 1-1 to 1-18 are installed at homes, offices, etc., measure the amount of power used at homes, offices, etc., and send the measurement results to the corresponding concentrator 2, which is the master station. Send.
  • Each of the smart meters 1-1 to 1-18 has a concentrator 2 serving as a master station corresponding to each.
  • the concentrator 2-1 is the master station of the smart meters 1-1 to 1-5
  • the concentrator 2-2 is the master station of the smart meters 1-6 to 1-18.
  • the concentrator 2 and the smart meters 1-1 to 1-18 perform communication by the wireless multi-hop method.
  • the concentrator 2 and the smart meters 1-1 to 1-18 periodically exchange control messages in accordance with a route control protocol and hold route information.
  • a route control protocol is RPL.
  • the route information held by each smart meter 1 stores information indicating the next smart meter 1 on the route toward the parent station or the concentrator 2 as the parent station.
  • the next smart meter 1 or concentrator 2 on the route toward the master station will be referred to as the next node as appropriate.
  • the smart meters 1-1 to 1-18 transmit the measurement results measured by themselves to the corresponding concentrator 2.
  • the smart meter 1 transmits data to the master station, that is, the concentrator 2, specifically, the data is transmitted to the next node based on the route information held by each smart meter 1. It means to do.
  • each smart meter 1 receives data from another smart meter 1, if the received data is data addressed to the master station, the data is transferred to the next node based on the path information held by itself. . This transfer is sequentially performed by each smart meter 1 on the route until the data arrives at the master station.
  • a path when the measurement result is transmitted from the smart meters 1-6, 1-10, 1-11, 1-14 in the area 8-2 to the concentrator 2-2 is indicated by an arrow.
  • the measurement result transmitted from the smart meter 1-6 arrives at the concentrator 2-2 via the smart meter 1-7 and the smart meter 1-8.
  • the concentrator 2 aggregates the measurement results received from the smart meter 1 and transmits them to the headend system 3 via an IP (Internet Protocol) network (IP network) 6.
  • IP network IP network
  • the measurement result is received by the meter data management system 4 via the head end system 3.
  • 1 shows an example in which the concentrator 2 transmits the aggregated measurement result to the head end system 3 via the IP network 6, but the communication path between the concentrator 2 and the head end system 3 is shown in FIG. It is not limited to the example shown in.
  • one or more concentrators 2 may be set as sub-master stations in addition to the concentrator 2 that serves as a master station at normal times.
  • the smart meter 1-6 normally communicates with the concentrator 2-2 as a master station.
  • the concentrator 2-1 serves as a master station. Communicate.
  • the head end system 3 collects the measurement results from each concentrator 2 and transmits the collected measurement results to the meter data management system 4.
  • the meter data management system 4 manages the measurement result received from the head end system 3.
  • FIG. 1 18 smart meters 1 and two concentrators 2 are shown, but the numbers of smart meters 1 and concentrators 2 constituting the meter reading system 9 of the present embodiment are shown in this example. It is not limited. Further, the number of smart meters in the area corresponding to each transformer is not limited to the example illustrated in FIG.
  • the meter reading system 9 of the present embodiment When the smart meter 1 detects a power failure, the meter reading system 9 of the present embodiment notifies the power failure management system (OMS) 5 of the occurrence of the power failure. Moreover, the meter-reading system 9 of this Embodiment notifies generation
  • OMS power failure management system
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the smart meter 1 according to the present embodiment.
  • the smart meter 1 includes a communication device 16, a battery 13, a weighing unit 14, and a switch 15.
  • the communication device 16 includes a communication unit 11 and a control unit 12.
  • the communication device 16 is a communication device that is mounted on the smart meter 1 that is a meter-reading device that measures the amount of power used, and transmits a measurement result measured by the smart meter 1.
  • the communication unit 11 includes an antenna and a communication circuit.
  • the communication unit 12 is a transmitter and a receiver.
  • the measuring unit 14 is connected to the system power supply 101 connected to the low-voltage distribution line, and is connected to the load 100 in the home or office, and measures the amount of power used in the home or office, and the measurement result. Is notified to the control unit 12. In addition, the measuring unit 14 detects a power failure and power recovery of the system power supply 101 and notifies the control unit 12 of the power failure and power recovery.
  • the control unit 12 performs processing according to the route control protocol via the communication unit 11 and holds route information regarding the route to the concentrator 2 that is the master station. Further, the control unit 12 transmits the measurement result received from the measurement unit 14 to the concentrator 2 that is the master station via the communication unit 11 based on the path information. Furthermore, the control part 12 implements the power failure notification process mentioned later, when the power failure is notified from the measurement part 14. Further, when the power recovery is notified from the measuring unit 14, the control unit 12 performs a power recovery notification process described later.
  • the battery 13 is a power storage device.
  • An example of the battery 13 is an electric double layer capacitor called a super capacitor, but the battery 13 is not limited to this.
  • the switch 15 is connected to the system power supply 101 via the measuring unit 14 and to the battery 13. The switch 15 switches the power source that supplies power to the communication unit 11 and the control unit 12 based on an instruction from the control unit 12.
  • the control unit 12 is realized by a processing circuit.
  • This processing circuit may be a processing circuit that is dedicated hardware, or may be a control circuit including a processor.
  • the processing circuit is, for example, a single circuit, a composite circuit, a programmed processor, a processor programmed in parallel, an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or these Is a combination.
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the control circuit 200 according to the present embodiment.
  • the control circuit 200 includes a processor 201 and a memory 202.
  • the processor is a CPU (Central Processing Unit, central processing unit, processing unit, arithmetic unit, microprocessor, microcomputer, processor, DSP (Digital Signal Processor)) or the like.
  • the memory is non-volatile, such as RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), EEPROM (registered trademark) (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), etc.
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • ROM Read Only Memory
  • flash memory EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)
  • EEPROM registered trademark
  • a volatile semiconductor memory or the like is applicable.
  • the processing circuit that implements the control unit 12 is the control circuit 200 including a processor
  • the processor 201 reads out and executes a program in which the processing of the control unit 12 stored in the memory 202 is described.
  • the memory 202 is also used as a temporary memory in each process executed by the processor 201.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the concentrator 2 according to the present embodiment.
  • the concentrator 2 includes a communication unit 21 and a control unit 22.
  • the communication unit 21 can perform wireless communication with the smart meter 1 and can communicate with the headend system 3 via the IP network 6.
  • the communication unit 21 includes an antenna and a communication circuit.
  • the communication unit 21 is a transmitter and a receiver.
  • the concentrator 2 may have a backup power source such as a battery.
  • the backup power supply that the concentrator 2 has has a sufficiently larger capacity than the battery 13 that the smart meter 1 has, and even when a power failure occurs in the system power supply in the area where the concentrator 2 is installed, it is more sufficient than the smart meter 1 Assume that it can operate for a long time.
  • the control unit 22 performs processing according to the route control protocol with the smart meter 1 via the communication unit 21 and holds route information regarding the route to the smart meter 1. Further, when receiving the measurement results from the smart meter 1 via the communication unit 21, the control unit 22 aggregates the measurement results of the plurality of smart meters 1 and transmits them to the headend system 3 via the communication unit 21. Further, when receiving a power outage notification (PON (Power Outage Notification)) from the smart meter 1 via the communication unit 21, the control unit 22 collects the power outage notification and transmits it to the headend system 3 via the communication unit 21. To do.
  • PON Power Outage Notification
  • the control unit 22 aggregates the power recovery notifications and transmits the head end system 3 via the communication unit 21. Send to.
  • PRN Power Restoration Notification
  • the control unit 22 is realized by a processing circuit. Similar to the control unit 12 of the smart meter 1, this processing circuit may be a processing circuit that is dedicated hardware, or may be a control circuit that includes a processor.
  • the control circuit including the processor is, for example, the control circuit 200 shown in FIG. 4 described above.
  • the processor 201 reads out and executes a program in which the processing of the control unit 22 stored in the memory 202 is described.
  • the memory 202 is also used as a temporary memory in each process executed by the processor 201.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the head end system 3 according to the present embodiment.
  • the head end system 3 includes a communication unit 31 and a control unit 32.
  • the communication unit 31 can communicate with the concentrator 2 via the IP network 6 and can communicate with the meter data management system 4.
  • the communication unit 31 is a communication circuit.
  • the communication unit 31 is a transmitter and a receiver.
  • control unit 32 When the control unit 32 receives the measurement result by the smart meter 1 from the concentrator 2 through the communication unit 31, the control unit 32 transmits the received measurement result to the meter data management system 4 through the communication unit 31.
  • the control unit 32 performs communication control of a wireless multi-hop network that is a network including the concentrator 2 and the smart meter 1 via the communication unit 31. Since the communication control performed by the control unit 32 is the same as the communication control in a general smart meter network, detailed description is omitted.
  • the control unit 32 collects the power failure notification and transmits it to the meter data management system 4 via the communication unit 31. Further, when receiving a power recovery notification from the concentrator 2 via the communication unit 31, the control unit 32 aggregates the power recovery notification and transmits the power recovery notification to the meter data management system 4 via the communication unit 31.
  • the control unit 32 is realized by a processing circuit.
  • This processing circuit is a control circuit including a processor.
  • the control circuit including the processor is, for example, the control circuit 200 shown in FIG. 3 described above.
  • the function of the control unit 32 is realized by the processor 201 reading and executing a program describing the processing of the control unit 32 stored in the memory 202.
  • the memory 202 is also used as a temporary memory in each process executed by the processor 201.
  • the processing circuit that implements the control unit 32 may be dedicated hardware.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the meter data management system 4 of the present embodiment.
  • the meter data management system 4 includes a communication unit 41, a measurement data management unit 42, and a power failure management unit 43.
  • the communication unit 41 can communicate with the head end system 3 and can communicate with the power failure management system 5.
  • the communication unit 41 is a communication circuit.
  • the communication unit 41 is a transmitter and a receiver.
  • the measurement data management unit 42 holds the measurement result by the smart meter 1.
  • the measurement result by the smart meter 1 is provided to a charging system (not shown), for example.
  • the power failure management unit 43 receives a power failure notification from the head end system 3 via the communication unit 41
  • the power failure management unit 43 transmits the power failure notification to the power failure management system 5 via the communication unit 41.
  • the power failure management unit 43 receives a power recovery notification from the head end system 3 via the communication unit 41
  • the power failure management unit 43 transmits the power recovery notification to the power failure management system 5 via the communication unit 41.
  • the measurement data management unit 42 and the power failure management unit 43 are realized by a processing circuit.
  • This processing circuit is a control circuit including a processor.
  • the control circuit including the processor is, for example, the control circuit 200 shown in FIG. 3 described above.
  • the functions of the measurement data management unit 42 and the power failure management unit 43 are realized by the processor 201 reading and executing a program describing the processing of the control unit stored in the memory 202.
  • the memory 202 is also used as a temporary memory in each process executed by the processor 201.
  • the processing circuit that implements the measurement data management unit 42 and the power failure management unit 43 may be dedicated hardware.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a state where a power failure has occurred in the area 8-2 due to a failure in the transformer 7-2.
  • smart meter 1 in area 8-2 detects the power failure and transmits a power failure notification to concentrator 2-2.
  • a power failure notification transmitted from the smart meters 1-6, 1-10, 1-11 is indicated by a path arrow through which the notification is transmitted.
  • FIG. 7 a power failure notification transmitted from the smart meters 1-6, 1-10, 1-11 is indicated by a path arrow through which the notification is transmitted.
  • each smart meter 1 can transmit a power failure notification to another concentrator 2 when a failure occurs on the route to the concentrator 2 set as a master station.
  • the operation when a failure occurs on the route to the master station is not limited to this example, and any operation may be performed.
  • an instantaneous power failure is defined as a power failure of Ti seconds or less, and it is assumed that a power failure of Ti seconds or less does not need to be notified immediately. Ti is predetermined. And if the smart meter 1 of this Embodiment detects a power failure, it will not transmit a power failure notification immediately, but will wait for random time in order to disperse transmission time, and the power failure will continue after standby is completed. If a failure occurs, a power failure notification is sent. However, since the smart meter 1 operates using the battery 13 as a power source at the time of a power failure, the time from the occurrence of the power failure to the transmission of the power failure notification needs to be shorter than the time operable by the battery 13.
  • the smart meter 1 of this Embodiment can transmit a power failure notification within the time which can be operate
  • a random number ranging from 0 second to Td (Td ⁇ Tc) seconds can be used.
  • identification information unique to the smart meter 1 or the communication device 16 of the smart meter 1 may be used to generate random time for distributing the transmission time. Thereby, the transmission time for each smart meter 1 can be distributed more strictly than the case of simply using random numbers.
  • the control unit 12 of the communication device 16 After detecting the occurrence of a power failure, the control unit 12 of the communication device 16 provides a power failure notification indicating that a power failure has occurred after the first time, which is a randomly determined time, has elapsed. Generate. In addition, the communication unit 11 transmits a power failure notification generated by the control unit 12.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of a power failure notification process in the smart meter 1 of the present embodiment.
  • the smart meter 1 switches the power supply (step S2).
  • step S ⁇ b> 1 the control unit 12 of the communication device 16 determines that a power outage has occurred when the weighing unit 14 is notified of the power outage.
  • step S ⁇ b> 2 the control unit 12 controls the switch 15 to switch the power supply of the communication device 16 from the system power supply 101 to the battery 13. As a result, power is supplied from the battery 13 to the communication device 16.
  • the smart meter 1 records a power outage event (step S3).
  • the control unit 12 associates the time when the power failure occurs with information indicating that the power failure has occurred, and stores the information in the internal memory.
  • the time when the power failure occurs when the weighing unit 14 notifies the control unit 12 of the time when the power failure is detected together with the notification of the power failure, the time when the power failure is detected can be used.
  • the time when the power failure is notified from the weighing unit 14 to the control unit 12 may be used as the time when the power failure occurs. it can.
  • the smart meter 1 performs a random delay for distributed transmission (step S4). Specifically, the control unit 12 waits for a random time. For example, the control unit 12 waits until a timer for distributed transmission that measures random time expires. In addition, since random time should just be random for every smart meter 1, in one smart meter 1, a fixed value may be sufficient. The random time may be variable even in one smart meter 1.
  • the smart meter 1 determines whether or not power has been restored (step S5). When power is restored (Yes in step S5), the power failure notification process is terminated. In step S5, specifically, the control unit 12 determines whether or not power has been restored based on whether or not power recovery has been notified from the weighing unit 14 while waiting in step S4.
  • the smart meter 1 transmits a power failure notification to the concentrator 2 (Step S6).
  • the control unit 12 generates a power failure notification including the time when the power failure has occurred based on the held power failure event, and transmits the power failure notification to the concentrator 2 via the communication unit 11. .
  • the control unit 12 stores that the power failure notification has been notified. For example, information indicating that notification of a held power outage event has been made is added.
  • the power failure notification may be any type of signal.
  • the power failure notification is composed of a network header and a payload, and information indicating the power failure notification is stored in the payload as the application header. Stores the time when the power failure occurred.
  • the control unit 12 determines whether power has been restored after the first time has elapsed, and generates a power failure notification if power has not been restored. However, a power failure notification is not generated when power is restored.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the power failure notification process according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example in which a power failure occurs after a power failure of 5 seconds, a power failure occurs again for 5 seconds after the power failure, and a power failure occurs for 20 seconds 10 seconds after the power failure is restored.
  • a power failure notification (abbreviated as PON in FIG. 9) is transmitted three times.
  • the random time in the smart meter 1 according to the present embodiment is 10 seconds
  • the smart meter 1 according to the present embodiment transmits a power failure notification once as shown in FIG.
  • the transmission frequency of a power failure notification can be suppressed compared with a comparative example.
  • a power recovery notification (abbreviated as PRN in FIG. 9) is transmitted in response to a power failure notification, so that the number of power failure notification transmissions is reduced by reducing the number of power failure notification transmissions.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing an example of power recovery notification processing in the smart meter 1 of the present embodiment.
  • the smart meter 1 determines whether or not a power failure has been notified (step S12). Specifically, in step S ⁇ b> 11, the control unit 12 of the communication device 16 determines that power recovery has occurred when power recovery is notified from the weighing unit 14. If the power failure has not been notified (No at Step S12), the smart meter 1 ends the power recovery notification process. No is determined in step S12 when the smart meter 1 is initially activated or when Yes is determined in step S5 in the power failure notification process described above.
  • step S13 the control unit 12 controls the switch 15 to switch the power supply of the communication device 16 from the battery 13 to the system power supply 101. As a result, power is supplied to the communication device 16 from the system power supply 101.
  • the smart meter 1 records the power recovery event (step S14). Specifically, the control unit 12 associates the time when the power recovery has occurred with information indicating that the power recovery has occurred, and stores the information in the internal memory. As the time when the power recovery occurs, when the measuring unit 14 notifies the control unit 12 of the time when the power recovery is detected together with the notification of the power recovery, the time when the power recovery is detected can be used. When the measuring unit 14 does not notify the control unit 12 of the time when the power recovery is detected together with the notification of power recovery, the time when the power recovery is notified from the measuring unit 14 to the control unit 12 Can be used.
  • the smart meter 1 performs a random delay for distributed transmission (step S15). Specifically, the control unit 12 waits for a random time.
  • the random time used for standby for transmission of power failure notification is the first time
  • the random time used for standby for transmission of power recovery notification is the second time
  • the range of the first time and the second The time range may be the same or different.
  • the first time needs to be shorter than Tc seconds.
  • the second time since power is supplied from the system power supply 101 to the communication device 16 after the power recovery, the second time does not need to be shorter than Tc seconds. That is, the maximum value of the second time may be longer than the maximum value of the first time.
  • the transmission time is distributed when the power recovery notification is transmitted, thereby avoiding congestion. can do.
  • a value obtained by adding a fixed value to the first time may be set as the second time.
  • step S16 the smart meter 1 determines whether or not a power failure has occurred. If a power failure has occurred (step S16 Yes), the power recovery notification process is terminated. In step S16, specifically, the control unit 12 determines whether or not a power failure has occurred based on whether or not a power failure has been notified from the weighing unit 14 while waiting in step S15.
  • the smart meter 1 transmits a power recovery notification to the concentrator 2 (step S17), and ends the power recovery notification process.
  • the control unit 12 generates a power recovery notification including the time when the power recovery occurred based on the stored power recovery event, and returns the power to the concentrator 2 via the communication unit 11. Send a notification.
  • the control unit 12 stores that the power recovery notification has been notified. For example, information indicating that notification of a held power recovery event has been made is added.
  • the power recovery notification may be any type of signal.
  • the power recovery notification is composed of a network header and a payload, and information indicating the power recovery notification is stored in the payload as an application header.
  • the time when power recovery occurred is stored as data.
  • the power failure event and the power recovery event held in the control unit 12 may be deleted after the corresponding notification is transmitted.
  • the power failure event and the power recovery event held in the control unit 12 have an old generation time after a predetermined time has elapsed since they were stored, or when the data amount of the power failure event and the power recovery event exceeds a certain amount. A part may be erased in order.
  • the control unit 12 After detecting the occurrence of power recovery, the control unit 12 generates a power recovery notification indicating that power recovery has occurred after a second time, which is a randomly determined time, has elapsed. To do.
  • the communication unit 11 transmits the power recovery notification generated by the control unit 12. Specifically, after detecting the occurrence of power recovery, the control unit 12 determines whether or not a power failure has occurred after the second time has elapsed, and generates a power recovery notification if there is no power failure. Do not generate power recovery notification when there is a power failure.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the power recovery notification process according to the present embodiment.
  • power is restored after a power failure of 20 seconds, power is restored for 5 seconds after power failure, power is restored for 5 seconds after power failure, and power is restored 5 seconds after power failure.
  • An example of electrification is shown.
  • a power failure notification abbreviated as PON in FIG. 11
  • a power recovery notification abbreviated as PRN in FIG. 11
  • the smart meter 1 of the present embodiment When the first time in the smart meter 1 of the present embodiment is 10 seconds and the second time is 20 seconds, the smart meter 1 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. The power recovery notification will be sent once.
  • the transmission frequency of a power failure notification can be suppressed compared with a comparative example.
  • the power recovery notification of the present embodiment in FIG. 11 includes unsent power recovery events and power outage events, and therefore includes three power recovery events and two power outage events. Therefore, the power recovery notification of the present embodiment includes information corresponding to three power recovery notifications and two power outage notifications.
  • the transmission frequency of a power recovery notification and a power failure notification can be reduced.
  • FIG. 12 is a chart showing an example of operation during power failure and power recovery in the meter reading system 9 of the present embodiment.
  • Each process in the smart meter 1 is the same as the process described in FIG. 8 and FIG. 10, and the same step numbers as those in FIG. 8 and FIG. Since each process in the smart meter 1 has been described above, a description thereof will be omitted.
  • the concentrator 2 aggregates and transmits a plurality of power failure notifications and power recovery notifications in order to suppress the frequency of reception by the headend system 3. At this time, since the urgency is different between the regularly collected measurement result, the power failure notification, and the power recovery notification, the measurement result, the power failure notification, and the power recovery notification are collected as separate notification groups.
  • the power failure notification and the power recovery notification are collected together as the same notification group. For example, a power failure notification and a power recovery notification received within a certain time are transmitted together.
  • the power failure notification since the smart meter 1 waits for a random time and transmits a power failure notification, the power failure notification may be notified even in the case of a short power failure.
  • the meter reading system 9 transmits a power failure notification to the power failure management system 5
  • a threshold Tm for determining a power failure for maintenance is determined, and the meter data management system 4 does not transmit a power failure notification to the power failure management system 5 when the power failure time is Tm seconds or less.
  • a power failure time exceeds Tm seconds, a power failure notification is transmitted to the power failure management system 5.
  • the concentrator 2 receives a power failure notification from a plurality of smart meters 1 in the area (step S6).
  • SM in FIG. 12 is an abbreviation for smart meter.
  • the concentrator 2 aggregates the power failure notifications received from the plurality of smart meters 1 into one power failure notification (step S21), and transmits the consolidated power failure notification to the headend system 3 (step S22). That is, the concentrator 2 transmits the aggregated power failure notification to the meter data management system 4 via the head end system 3. For example, the headend system 3 consolidates the power outage notifications received in 10 seconds into one notification.
  • the head end system 3 receives the power failure notification from the concentrator 2
  • the head end system 3 transmits the received power failure notification to the meter data management system 4 (step S25).
  • the meter data management system 4 holds the power failure notification and stands by for a predetermined time.
  • a power restoration notification is received from a plurality of smart meters 1 in the area (step S17).
  • the concentrator 2 aggregates the power recovery notifications received from the plurality of smart meters 1 into one power recovery notification (step S23), and transmits the consolidated power recovery notification to the headend system 3 (step S24).
  • the headend system 3 collects the power recovery notifications received in 10 seconds into one notification.
  • the head end system 3 transmits the received power recovery notification to the meter data management system 4 (step S26).
  • the meter data management system 4 When the meter data management system 4 receives the power recovery notification from the same smart meter 1 as the transmission source of the power failure notification received in step S25, the meter data management system 4 performs the filtering process based on the state of the filter timer at the time of reception ( Step S27). This filtering process is performed by the power failure management unit 43.
  • the power failure management unit 43 starts measurement by a filter timer for measuring Tm seconds upon receipt of the power failure notification, and if a power recovery notification is received before the filter timer expires, It is determined that the time is Tm seconds or less and a power failure notification is transmitted.
  • the power failure management unit 43 determines that the power failure time exceeds Tm seconds and determines to transmit the power failure notification. That is, in this embodiment, the power failure management unit 43 estimates the power failure time based on the time when the power failure notification is received and the time when the power recovery notification is received.
  • the example illustrated in FIG. 11 illustrates an example in which it is determined that the power failure notification is transmitted to the power failure management system 5 by the filtering process, and the power failure notification is transmitted to the power failure management system 5 (step S28). This power failure notification includes the contents of the power recovery notification.
  • the meter data management system 4 also receives a power failure notification when a power recovery notification corresponding to the same smart meter 1 as the power failure notification transmission source is received after a certain time elapses after the power failure notification is received. May not be transmitted. Specifically, the power failure management unit 43 determines that a power failure notification is not transmitted to the power failure management system 5 unless a filter timer that is a timer for measuring a certain time has expired. That is, the power failure management unit 43 determines whether or not to transmit a power failure notification to the power failure management system 5 based on whether or not a power recovery notification is received after a certain time elapses after the power failure notification is received. This is a process for determining. This fixed time may be the above-described Tm seconds or a value different from Tm seconds.
  • FIGS. 13 to 15 are diagrams showing specific examples of suppression of power failure notification by the smart meter 1 and the meter data management system 4.
  • FIG. 13 shows an example in the smart meter 1 in which a distributed power transmission timer for measuring random time expires and a power failure notification is transmitted without power recovery until the random time elapses.
  • FIG. 13 shows an example in which the meter data management system 4 determines that the power failure notification is received and the power failure notification is transmitted by the filter process after the filter timer expires after receiving the power failure notification. In this case, the power failure notification is transmitted from the meter data management system 4 to the power failure management system 5.
  • FIG. 14 shows an example in which the power failure notification is not transmitted in the smart meter 1 due to power recovery before the distributed transmission timer for measuring random time expires.
  • FIG. 15 shows that in the smart meter 1, the distributed transmission timer for measuring the random time expires, a power failure notification is transmitted without a power recovery until the random time elapses, and the meter data management system 4 2 shows an example in which the power recovery notification is received after the power failure notification is received until the filter timer expires. In this case, the power failure notification is not transmitted from the meter data management system 4 to the power failure management system 5.
  • the smart meter 1 is configured to suppress the transmission of the power failure notification, but this operation has a time limit or a frequency limit. For example, when a predetermined number of recorded power failure events and power recovery events are transmitted without transmitting a power failure notification, the power failure notification is transmitted regardless of whether or not the power is recovered. Thereby, the filter process in the meter data management system 4 can be performed within a finite time from the occurrence of a power failure.
  • the smart meter 1 may not perform retransmission control in transmission and transfer of a power failure notification. This is because the transmission and transfer of the power failure notification need to be performed within a time during which the battery 13 can operate, and therefore it is important to reduce traffic and transfer time even if some reliability is sacrificed. It should be noted that retransmission control is performed with respect to reliability for the transmission and transfer of the power recovery notification.
  • the smart meter 1 waits for a random time, and transmits a power failure notification when the power failure continues even after the standby is completed. Thereby, congestion can be suppressed by distributing the transmission timing of the power failure notification.
  • the power failure notification is not sent, so the frequency of power failure notification transmission may be reduced compared to sending a power failure notification only by waiting for a random time. it can.
  • the power failure notification can be transmitted within the time in which the battery 13 can operate.
  • the smart meter 1 waits for a random time, and if power recovery continues even after standby is completed, a power recovery notification is sent. Thereby, the congestion by the power recovery notification can be suppressed similarly to the power failure notification.
  • Embodiment 2 a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
  • the configuration of the meter reading system 9 of the present embodiment and the configuration of each device constituting the meter reading system 9 are the same as those of the first embodiment.
  • the smart meter 1 when a power failure occurs, the smart meter 1 does not transmit a power failure notification in the case of an instantaneous power failure, that is, an instantaneous power failure in which the power failure period is a certain time or less. For this reason, after the occurrence of a power failure, the smart meter 1 waits for a fixed delay, which is a fixed time for determining an instantaneous power failure, and determines that a power failure notification is not transmitted when power is restored while waiting.
  • a fixed delay which is a fixed time for determining an instantaneous power failure
  • the smart meter 1 transmits a power failure notification after waiting for a random time when power recovery does not occur even after waiting for a fixed delay for instantaneous interruption determination.
  • the transmission time from each smart meter 1 can be dispersed, and the transmission of a power failure notification due to an instantaneous power failure with a fixed delay time or less can be more reliably suppressed as compared to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing an example of a power failure notification process in the smart meter 1 of the present embodiment.
  • Steps S1 to S3 are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the smart meter 1 waits for a fixed delay for instantaneous interruption determination (step S7).
  • step S5 is performed, and when power is restored (step S5, Yes), the power failure notification process is terminated. If power is not restored (No in step S5), a random delay for distributed transmission is performed (step S8).
  • step S8 the smart meter 1 waits for a random time determined for each smart meter 1. After step S8, the smart meter 1 performs step S6 of the first embodiment. In addition, after step S8, the smart meter 1 may determine whether or not power is restored again, and may not transmit a power failure notification when power is restored.
  • the control unit 12 After detecting the occurrence of a power failure, the control unit 12 determines whether or not the power has been restored after a fixed time has elapsed. If the power has not been restored, the control unit 12 notifies the power failure after the first time has elapsed. Generate power outage notification when power is restored.
  • FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing an example of a power recovery notification process in the smart meter 1 of the present embodiment.
  • Steps S11 to S14 are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the smart meter 1 waits for a fixed delay for instantaneous interruption determination (step S18).
  • step S16 is performed.
  • the power recovery notification process is terminated.
  • Step S19 a random delay for distributed transmission is performed (Step S19).
  • step S19 specifically, the smart meter 1 waits for a random time determined for each smart meter 1.
  • the smart meter 1 performs step S17 of the first embodiment.
  • the smart meter 1 may determine whether or not a power failure has occurred again, and may not transmit a power recovery notification in the event of a power failure.
  • the communication device 16 is not driven by the battery 13 when the power recovery notification is transmitted. Therefore, the fixed time for waiting for the power recovery notification is to wait for the power failure notification. Longer than the fixed time. Further, the random time for waiting for transmission of the power recovery notification may be longer than the random time for waiting for transmission of the power failure notification.
  • the control unit 12 determines whether or not a power failure has occurred after a fixed time has elapsed, and if the power failure has not occurred, the second time has elapsed. A power recovery notification is generated later, and a power recovery notification is not generated when a power failure occurs.
  • FIG. 18 to 20 are diagrams showing specific examples of suppression of power failure notification by the smart meter 1 and the meter data management system 4 according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 18 shows that the smart meter 1 has not recovered power when a fixed delay timer for measuring a fixed time after a power failure has occurred, and a distributed transmission timer for measuring a random time is not used.
  • An example is shown in which a power failure notification is transmitted after expiration.
  • FIG. 18 shows an example in which the meter data management system 4 determines that the power failure notification is received and the power failure notification is transmitted by the filtering process after the filter timer expires after receiving the power failure notification. In this case, the power failure notification is transmitted from the meter data management system 4 to the power failure management system 5.
  • FIG. 19 shows an example in which the power failure notification is not transmitted in the smart meter 1 because power is restored before the fixed delay timer expires.
  • FIG. 20 shows that, in the smart meter 1, power is not restored when a fixed delay timer for measuring a fixed time after a power failure occurs, and a timer for distributed transmission for measuring a random time is not provided. An example is shown in which a power failure notification is transmitted after expiration.
  • FIG. 20 shows an example in which the meter data management system 4 receives the power recovery notification after receiving the power failure notification and before the filter timer expires. In this case, the power failure notification is not transmitted from the meter data management system 4 to the power failure management system 5.
  • transmission of a power failure notification due to a momentary power failure can be suppressed to some extent by waiting for a random time, but a power failure notification may be transmitted even in the case of a momentary power failure.
  • the system waits for a fixed time, and determines that a power failure notification is not transmitted when power is restored while waiting. Further, in the present embodiment, after a power failure occurs, the smart meter 1 transmits a power failure notification after waiting for a random time, when the power does not recover even after waiting for a fixed time. As a result, the transmission time from each smart meter can be dispersed, and the transmission of a power failure notification due to an instantaneous power failure with a fixed delay time or less can be more reliably suppressed as compared with the first embodiment.
  • the system waits for a fixed time, and determines that a power recovery notification is not transmitted if a power failure occurs while waiting. Further, in the present embodiment, after a power recovery occurs, the smart meter 1 transmits a power recovery notification after waiting for a random time if there is no power outage even after waiting for a fixed time. As a result, the transmission time from each smart meter can be dispersed, and the transmission of a power recovery notification by a short power recovery of a fixed time or less can be more reliably suppressed as compared to the first embodiment.
  • Embodiment 3 FIG. Next, Embodiment 3 will be described.
  • a specific example of filter processing in the meter data management system 4 will be described.
  • the configuration of the meter reading system 9 of the present embodiment and the configuration of each device constituting the meter reading system 9 are the same as those of the first embodiment.
  • the description of the part which overlaps with Embodiment 1 is abbreviate
  • the smart meter 1 suppresses transmission of a power failure notification and a power recovery notification.
  • the meter reading system 9 transmits a power failure notification to the power failure management system 5
  • the example in which the meter data management device 4 performs the filtering process by estimating the power failure time based on the time when the power failure notification is received and the time when the power recovery notification is received has been described.
  • a packet loss occurs in the communication path from the smart meter 1 to the meter data management system 4, and at least one of the power failure notification and power recovery notification transmitted from the smart meter 1 does not arrive at the meter data management system 4.
  • the communication device 16 when a power outage exceeding the operable time by the battery 13 occurs, the communication device 16 is powered off, and after the power is restored, the communication device 16 is activated and the route to the concentrator 2 becomes valid to some extent. In some cases, a power recovery notification cannot be sent immediately after power recovery.
  • the route to the concentrator 2 becomes valid it indicates that the smart meter 1 acquires route information regarding the route to the concentrator 2 according to the route control protocol and can communicate with the concentrator 2. . In such a case, transmission of the power failure notification from the meter reading system 9 to the power failure management system 5 is delayed.
  • filter processing is performed so that the meter data management system 4 can transmit the power failure notification and power recovery notification to the power failure management system 5 as appropriately as possible.
  • the smart meter 1 of the present embodiment gives a power failure identification number for each power failure.
  • the smart meter 1 gives a power outage identification number to the generated power outage when recording the power outage event in step S3 shown in FIG. 8, and indicates that the power outage time, the power outage identification number, and the power outage occurred. Record information. Further, the smart meter 1 records the power recovery time, the power outage identification number of the power outage corresponding to the generated power recovery, and the fact that the power recovery has occurred at the time of recording the power recovery event in step S14 shown in FIG. Information to be recorded.
  • the smart meter 1 can use the power outage identification number of the most recent power outage among the power outage events held as the power outage identification number of the power outage corresponding to the power recovery that has occurred. Then, when the smart meter 1 transmits a power failure notification or a power recovery notification, the smart meter 1 also transmits the corresponding power failure identification number in the notification.
  • the control unit 12 holds the time when the power failure occurs and information indicating that the power failure has occurred as a power failure event, and when the occurrence of power recovery is detected, the time when the power recovery occurs And information indicating that power recovery has occurred are stored as power recovery events.
  • the control unit 12 includes the unsent event in the power failure notification.
  • the control unit 12 sets the unsent event as a power recovery notification.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of information stored in the power failure notification according to the third embodiment.
  • the power failure notification includes the time when the power failure or power recovery occurred, the power failure identification number, and information indicating whether the power failure or power recovery (in FIG. 21, the power failure / recovery). Is stored).
  • FIG. 21 it is determined that the power failure notification is not transmitted by the power failure notification process of the first embodiment for the power failure having the power failure identification number 1, and the power failure notification process of the first embodiment is performed for the power failure having the power failure identification number 2.
  • the power failure identification number and the power failure identification number and the occurrence time of the power failure identification number 1 are also stored in the power failure notification.
  • the operations of the smart meter 1 other than those described above are the same as those in the first embodiment.
  • the operations of the concentrator 2 and the head end system 3 of the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.
  • the meter data management system 4 does not transmit the power failure notification to the power failure management system 5 as soon as the power failure notification is received, and continues until the predetermined power recovery notification waiting time elapses. It waits for the receipt of the power recovery notification from the smart meter 1 of the notification transmission source.
  • the power recovery notification waiting time may be changeable. If the meter data management system 4 does not receive a power recovery notification from the smart meter 1 that is the transmission source of the power failure notification after the power failure notification wait time elapses after the power failure notification is received, the meter data management system 4 Transmit to the management system 5.
  • the meter data management system 4 when the meter data management system 4 receives a power recovery notification from the smart meter 1 that has transmitted the power failure notification before the power recovery notification waiting time elapses after the power failure notification is received, the meter data management system 4 performs a power failure time determination process. To do. In the power failure time determination process, it is determined whether or not the power failure time is longer than a threshold value, and the meter data management system 4 transmits a power failure notification to the power failure management system 5 when the power failure time is longer than the threshold value. If the power failure time determination process determines that the power failure time is equal to or less than the threshold, the meter data management system 4 does not transmit the power failure notification to the power failure management system 5.
  • the power recovery time notification process is performed without waiting for the power recovery notification to be received.
  • the residence time of the power failure notification in the meter data management system 4 when the power failure notification is transmitted can be suppressed to the same level as the power recovery notification waiting time.
  • the meter data management system 4 transmits a power failure notification to the power failure management system 5 when a corresponding power failure notification has been transmitted, and does not transmit a corresponding power failure notification. The power recovery notification is not transmitted to the power failure management system 5.
  • FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a filtering process procedure in the power failure management unit 43 of the meter data management system 4 according to the present embodiment.
  • the power failure management unit 43 when the power failure management unit 43 receives a power failure notification (step S71), the power failure management unit 43 starts measuring a timer (step S72).
  • This timer is a timer for measuring the power recovery notification waiting time.
  • the power failure management unit 43 receives a power failure notification from the smart meter 1 via the concentrator 2 and the headend system 3 via the communication unit 41.
  • the power failure management unit 43 determines whether or not a power recovery notification corresponding to the power failure notification is received (step S73). Specifically, in step S ⁇ b> 73, the power failure management unit 43 determines whether a power recovery notification from the smart meter 1 via the concentrator 2 and the headend system 3 is received via the communication unit 41. When the power recovery notification corresponding to the power failure notification is received (step S73, Yes), the power failure management unit 43 determines whether or not the power failure time is longer than Tm (step S74). The determination in step S74 is a power failure time determination process.
  • the power failure management unit 43 calculates a power failure time based on the time of occurrence of the power failure and the time of occurrence of the power recovery corresponding to the power failure, and determines whether or not the calculated power failure time is longer than Tm. .
  • the power failure time is the time obtained by subtracting the power failure occurrence time from the power recovery occurrence time.
  • the power failure management unit 43 transmits the power failure notification received in step S71 to the power failure management system 5 via the communication unit 41 (step S75), and ends the filtering process. To do.
  • step S73 If it is determined in step S73 that the power recovery notification corresponding to the power failure notification has not been received (No in step S73), the power failure management unit 43 determines whether or not the timer has expired (step S76). When the timer has not expired (No at Step S76), the power failure management unit 43 performs the processing from Step S73 again. When the timer has expired (step S76 Yes), the power failure management unit 43 advances the process to step S75.
  • the power failure management unit 43 ends the filtering process. That is, when the power failure time is Tm or less, the power failure management unit 43 does not transmit a power failure notification to the power failure management system 5.
  • FIG. 23 to 25 are charts showing an operation example of the meter reading system 9 of the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 23 shows an operation example in the case where the power failure time of the power failure with the power failure identification number 1 is longer than Tm and the communication device 16 is not turned off.
  • step S51 it is assumed that a power failure has occurred in the smart meter 1 and 1 is assigned to the power failure identification number of this power failure (step S51).
  • a power failure whose power failure identification number is 1 is described as “power failure (1)”.
  • the occurrence time of a power outage with a power outage identification number of 1 is Tpo (1).
  • the smart meter 1 measures the random time using the distributed transmission timer for measuring the random time, and when power failure continues after the random time, Tpo (1)
  • PON_FAN (1) which is a power failure notification including the power failure identification number 1 is transmitted to the concentrator 2 (step S52).
  • PON_FAN (1) is transferred by another smart meter 1 and received by the concentrator 2.
  • PON_FAN (1) is received by the concentrator 2 without being transferred by another smart meter 1.
  • the concentrator 2 aggregates and transmits the power failure notification received during the aggregation time (step S53), and the power failure notification is transferred to the meter data management system 4 by the headend system 3 (step S54).
  • the time when the meter data management system 4 receives the aggregated notification including PON_FAN (1) is assumed to be Tponrx (1).
  • Tponrx (1) is the same as Tpo (1), the measurement time of the distributed transmission timer, that is, the random time, the transfer time when the power failure notification is transferred from the smart meter 1 where the power failure has occurred to the concentrator 2, and the concentrator 2 is the sum of the aggregation time, which is the time when notifications are aggregated, and the transfer time from the concentrator 2 to the meter data management system 4. Since the transfer time from the concentrator 2 to the meter data management system 4 is generally very short compared to other times, the illustration is omitted in FIG.
  • the meter data management system 4 starts measuring the timer (step S55) and measures the power recovery notification waiting time as described in step S72 of FIG.
  • step S61 the power failure with power failure identification number 1 is restored. That is, a power recovery corresponding to a power failure with a power failure identification number of 1 occurs (step S61).
  • the power recovery corresponding to the power failure whose power failure identification number is 1 is described as “power recovery (1)”.
  • Tpr (1) be the occurrence time of power recovery corresponding to a power failure whose power failure identification number is 1.
  • the smart meter 1 measures the random time by the distributed transmission timer for measuring the random time, and when the power failure has not occurred after the random time, that is, when the power recovery continues, PRN_FAN (1), which is a power recovery notification including Tpr (1) and power failure identification number 1, is transmitted to the concentrator 2 (step S62).
  • PRN_FAN (1) is transferred by another smart meter 1 and received by the concentrator 2.
  • PRN_FAN (1) is received by the concentrator 2 without being transferred by another smart meter 1.
  • the concentrator 2 aggregates and transmits the power recovery notification received during the aggregation time (step S63), and the power recovery notification is transferred to the meter data management system 4 by the head end system 3 (step S64).
  • the time at which the meter data management system 4 receives the aggregated notification including PRN_FAN (1) is Tprrx (1).
  • Tprnrx (1) is the same as Tpr (1), the measurement time of the distributed transmission timer, that is, the random time, the transfer time that is the time when the power failure notification is transferred from the smart meter 1 where the power failure occurs to the concentrator 2, 2 is the sum of the aggregation time, which is the time when notifications are aggregated, and the transfer time from the concentrator 2 to the meter data management system 4.
  • the meter data management system 4 receives the power recovery notification until the power recovery notification waiting time elapses, and the process of step S74 in FIG. Processing for determining whether or not the length is longer is performed (step S56). In the example shown in FIG. 23, it is determined that the power failure time with the power failure identification number 1 is longer than Tm, and a power failure notification is transmitted (step S57).
  • the power failure notification corresponding to the power failure identification number 1 transmitted from the meter data management system 4 to the power failure management system 5 is described as PON_MD (1).
  • the meter data management system 4 determines whether or not the power failure notification corresponding to the power recovery notification has been transmitted to the power failure management system 5 (step S65).
  • the meter data management system 4 transmits the power recovery notification corresponding to the power failure identification number 1 to the power failure management system 5 (step S66).
  • the power recovery notification corresponding to the power failure identification number 1 transmitted from the meter data management system 4 to the power failure management system 5 is described as PRN_MD (1).
  • FIG. 24 shows an operation example when the power failure time of the power failure with the power failure identification number 1 is longer than Tm and the communication device 16 is powered off.
  • the processing content from step S51 to step S55 and from step S61 to step S66 is the same as the example shown in FIG.
  • the smart meter 1 when the communication device 16 is powered off, the smart meter 1 needs a start-up time before communication with the concentrator 2 is possible. Compared to the above example, the transmission of the power recovery notification is delayed. Therefore, the meter data management system 4 does not receive a power recovery notification even when the timer expires.
  • the meter data management system 4 determines that the power recovery notification has not been received by performing step S58 corresponding to the processing of step S76 in FIG. 22 after the timer expires, and sends the power failure notification to the power failure management system 5. Transmit (step S57).
  • the power recovery notification since the power failure notification having the power failure identification number of 1 has already been transmitted in step S57, the meter data management system 4 returns the power recovery notification corresponding to the power failure identification number 1 as in the example shown in FIG. A notification is transmitted to the power failure management system 5 (step S66).
  • FIG. 25 shows an operation example when the power failure time of the power failure with the power failure identification number 1 is Tm or less and the communication device 16 is not turned off.
  • the processing contents from step S51 to step S56 and from step S61 to step S65 are the same as the example shown in FIG.
  • the power failure time of the power failure with the power failure identification number 1 is Tm or less, it is determined in step S56 that the power failure notification is not transmitted, and the power failure notification is not transmitted to the power failure management system 5. .
  • the meter data management system 4 determines in step S65 that the power recovery notification corresponding to the power failure identification number 1 is not transmitted, and Is not transmitted to the power failure management system 5.
  • the smart meter 1 of the present embodiment gives a power failure identification number to each power failure.
  • the meter data management system 4 can prevent erroneous recognition of the correspondence between the power recovery notification and the power failure. .
  • a power failure notification corresponding to a power failure whose power failure identification number is 1 is received by the meter data management system 4, and a power recovery notification corresponding to a power failure whose power failure identification number is 1 is not received by the meter data management system 4.
  • the power failure notification corresponding to the power failure with the power failure identification number 2 is received by the meter data management system 4, and the power recovery notification corresponding to the power failure with the power failure identification number 2 is received by the meter data management system 4. .
  • the meter data management system 4 has received the information shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating an example of information received by the meter data management system 4 according to the present embodiment.
  • the meter data management system 4 does not hold the power recovery time corresponding to the power failure whose power failure identification number is 1.
  • the meter data management system 4 receives the power recovery notification corresponding to the power failure with power failure identification number 2, and identifies the power failure notification as a power failure identification.
  • a power failure with a power failure identification number of 1 is determined to be a power failure time longer than the original power failure time. In this Embodiment, such an error can be suppressed by giving a power failure identification number to each power failure.
  • the smart meter 1 may give a power failure identification number to each power failure, and the meter data management system 4 may perform the operation described in the present embodiment.
  • the meter data management system 4 performs the process shown in FIG. 22. Instead, the headend system 3 or the concentrator 2 performs the process shown in FIG. You may do it.
  • the smart meter 1 performs a power failure notification process and a power recovery notification process similar to those in the first embodiment, and the meter data management system 4 receives the power failure notification and then recovers. If the power recovery notification is not received from the smart meter 1 that is the transmission source of the power failure notification before the power notification waiting time elapses, the power failure notification is transmitted to the power failure management system 5.
  • the meter data management system 4 when the meter data management system 4 receives the power recovery notification from the smart meter 1 that is the transmission source of the power failure notification after the power failure notification is received until the power recovery notification waiting time elapses, the meter data management system 4 If the power exceeds the threshold, a power failure notification is transmitted to the power failure management system 5, and if the power failure time is less than or equal to the threshold, the power failure notification is not transmitted to the power failure management system 5.
  • the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained, and meter data management in the case where a power failure notification is transmitted even when a packet loss or a delay in power recovery notification due to power failure of the communication device 16 occurs.
  • the residence time of the power failure notification in the system 4 can be suppressed to the same level as the power recovery notification waiting time.
  • the configuration described in the above embodiment shows an example of the contents of the present invention, and can be combined with another known technique, and can be combined with other configurations without departing from the gist of the present invention. It is also possible to omit or change the part.

Abstract

A communication device (16) according to the present invention comprises: a control unit (12) that generates a power outage notification, indicating the occurrence of a power outage, after a randomly determined first time has elapsed since detection of the occurrence of the power outage; and a communication unit (11) that transmits the power outage notification.

Description

通信装置、検針システムおよび停電通知方法Communication device, meter-reading system, and power failure notification method
　本発明は、スマートメーターに搭載される通信装置、検針システムおよび停電通知方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a communication device mounted on a smart meter, a meter reading system, and a power failure notification method.
　スマートメーターに搭載される通信装置である通信ユニットは、マルチホップ無線方式と呼ばれる方式により、バケツリレー式にデータを中継する。中継機能の実現のため、各通信ユニットは、周期的に制御メッセージを交換することにより、親局となるコンセントレーターへ向かう経路を把握し、コンセントレーターへ向かう経路を示す経路情報を保持している。マルチホップ無線方式における経路制御プロトコルとしては、一例としてＩＥＴＦ（Internet　Engineering　Task　Force）により標準化されているＲＰＬ（IPv6（Internet　Protocol　version　6）　Routing　Protocol　for　Low　power　and　Lossy　Network）が用いられる。 A communication unit, which is a communication device mounted on a smart meter, relays data in a bucket relay manner by a method called a multi-hop wireless method. To realize the relay function, each communication unit grasps the route to the concentrator as the master station by periodically exchanging control messages, and holds the route information indicating the route to the concentrator . For example, RPL (IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy Network) standardized by IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) is used as a routing protocol in the multi-hop wireless system.
　マルチホップ無線方式では、各通信ユニットは、他の通信ユニットの通信を中継する必要がある。したがって、各通信ユニットは、自身からデータを送信する時間を除く時間で他の通信ユニットからデータを受信しており、受信したデータの転送が必要と判断した場合は、受信したデータを次の通信ユニットへ転送する。このため、マルチホップ無線方式における通信ユニットは、他の無線通信方式における通信装置のように、自身が次にデータを送信する時間までスリープして待つことができない。 In the multi-hop wireless system, each communication unit needs to relay communication of other communication units. Therefore, each communication unit receives data from other communication units in a time other than the time for transmitting data from itself, and when it is determined that transfer of the received data is necessary, the received data is transferred to the next communication. Transfer to the unit. For this reason, the communication unit in the multi-hop wireless system cannot sleep and wait until the next time it transmits data, like the communication device in other wireless communication systems.
　また、スマートメーターを備える検針システムは、停電および復電の発生を、停電管理システム（ＯＭＳ（Outage　Management　System））に通知する場合がある。この場合、停電および復電の通知は、上述したマルチホップ無線方式により転送される。下記特許文献１には、マルチホップ無線方式を用いた検針システムにおける停電通知の転送方法が開示されている。 Also, a meter reading system equipped with a smart meter may notify a power outage management system (OMS (Outage Management System)) of the occurrence of a power outage and power recovery. In this case, the notification of power failure and power recovery is transferred by the multi-hop wireless method described above. Patent Literature 1 below discloses a method for transferring a power failure notification in a meter reading system using a multi-hop wireless system.
米国特許出願公開第２０１４／００８５１０５号明細書US Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0085105
　停電はいつ発生するか予測できないため、各通信ユニットからの停電通知の送信タイミングを事前にスケジューリングできない。ある地域で停電が発生すると、該地域内の多数の通信ユニットが一斉に停電通知を送信する。多数の通信ユニットが、一斉に停電通知を送信すると、送信時間がオーバーラップすることによりパケットが輻輳し、停電通知は各通信ユニットまたはコンセントレーターにおいて正しく受信されないことがある。この場合、停電通知がコンセントレーターまで到達せず、検針システムは、停電を停電管理システムへ通知できない。特に、瞬間的な停電が複数回継続して発生する場合、停電のたびに停電通知が送信され、著しい輻輳が生じる可能性がある。 Since it is impossible to predict when a power outage will occur, it is not possible to schedule the power outage notification transmission timing from each communication unit in advance. When a power failure occurs in a certain area, a large number of communication units in the area transmit a power failure notification all at once. When a large number of communication units transmit a power failure notification all at once, packets may be congested due to overlapping transmission times, and the power failure notification may not be received correctly at each communication unit or concentrator. In this case, the power failure notification does not reach the concentrator, and the meter reading system cannot notify the power failure management system of the power failure. In particular, when an instantaneous power failure occurs multiple times, a power failure notification is transmitted every time a power failure occurs, which may cause significant congestion.
　本発明は、上記に鑑みてなされたものであって、停電通知の輻輳を抑制することができる通信装置を得ることを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a communication apparatus capable of suppressing congestion of a power failure notification.
　上述した課題を解決し、目的を達成するために、本発明は、停電の発生を検出してから、ランダムに定められた時間である第１の時間が経過した後、停電が発生したことを示す停電通知を生成する制御部と、停電通知を送信する通信部と、を備える。 In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, the present invention detects that a power failure has occurred after the first time, which is a randomly determined time, has elapsed since the occurrence of the power failure was detected. The control part which produces | generates the power failure notification to show, and the communication part which transmits a power failure notification are provided.
　本発明にかかる通信装置は、停電通知の輻輳を抑制することができるという効果を奏する。 The communication device according to the present invention has an effect that congestion of the power failure notification can be suppressed.
実施の形態１にかかる検針システムの構成例を示す図The figure which shows the structural example of the meter-reading system concerning Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施の形態１のスマートメーターの構成例を示す図The figure which shows the structural example of the smart meter of Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施の形態１の制御回路の構成例を示す図FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a control circuit according to the first embodiment. 実施の形態１のコンセントレーターの構成例を示す図The figure which shows the structural example of the concentrator of Embodiment 1. 実施の形態１のヘッドエンドシステムの構成例を示す図1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a head end system according to a first embodiment. 実施の形態１のメータデータ管理システムの構成例を示す図The figure which shows the structural example of the meter data management system of Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施の形態１のトランスに障害が発生することにより、エリアで停電が発生した状態を示す図The figure which shows the state which the power failure generate | occur | produced in the area by a failure occurring in the transformer of Embodiment 1 実施の形態１のスマートメーターにおける停電通知処理の一例を示すフローチャートThe flowchart which shows an example of the power failure notification process in the smart meter of Embodiment 1 実施の形態１の停電通知処理の効果を示す図The figure which shows the effect of the power failure notification process of Embodiment 1 実施の形態１のスマートメーターにおける復電通知処理の一例を示すフローチャートThe flowchart which shows an example of the power recovery notification process in the smart meter of Embodiment 1 実施の形態１の復電通知処理の効果を示す図The figure which shows the effect of the power recovery notification process of Embodiment 1 実施の形態１の検針システムにおける停電および復電時の動作の一例を示すチャート図The chart figure which shows an example of the operation | movement at the time of the power failure and power recovery in the meter-reading system of Embodiment 1. 実施の形態１のスマートメーターおよびメータデータ管理システムによる停電通知の抑制の具体例を示す図The figure which shows the specific example of suppression of the power failure notification by the smart meter and meter data management system of Embodiment 1. 実施の形態１のスマートメーターおよびメータデータ管理システムによる停電通知の抑制の具体例を示す図The figure which shows the specific example of suppression of the power failure notification by the smart meter and meter data management system of Embodiment 1. 実施の形態１のスマートメーターおよびメータデータ管理システムによる停電通知の抑制の具体例を示す図The figure which shows the specific example of suppression of the power failure notification by the smart meter and meter data management system of Embodiment 1. 実施の形態２のスマートメーターにおける停電通知処理の一例を示すフローチャートThe flowchart which shows an example of the power failure notification process in the smart meter of Embodiment 2 実施の形態２のスマートメーターにおける復電通知処理の一例を示すフローチャートThe flowchart which shows an example of the power recovery notification process in the smart meter of Embodiment 2 実施の形態２のスマートメーターおよびメータデータ管理システムによる停電通知の抑制の具体例を示す図The figure which shows the specific example of suppression of the power failure notification by the smart meter and meter data management system of Embodiment 2. 実施の形態２のスマートメーターおよびメータデータ管理システムによる停電通知の抑制の具体例を示す図The figure which shows the specific example of suppression of the power failure notification by the smart meter and meter data management system of Embodiment 2. 実施の形態２のスマートメーターおよびメータデータ管理システムによる停電通知の抑制の具体例を示す図The figure which shows the specific example of suppression of the power failure notification by the smart meter and meter data management system of Embodiment 2. 実施の形態３の停電通知に格納される情報の一例を示す図The figure which shows an example of the information stored in the power failure notification of Embodiment 3 実施の形態３のメータデータ管理システムの停電管理部におけるフィルタ処理手順の一例を示すフローチャートThe flowchart which shows an example of the filter processing procedure in the power failure management part of the meter data management system of Embodiment 3. 実施の形態３の検針システムの動作例を示すチャート図A chart showing an example of operation of the meter-reading system of Embodiment 3. 実施の形態３の検針システムの動作例を示すチャート図A chart showing an example of operation of the meter-reading system of Embodiment 3. 実施の形態３の検針システムの動作例を示すチャート図A chart showing an example of operation of the meter-reading system of Embodiment 3. 実施の形態３のメータデータ管理システムが受信した情報の一例を示す図The figure which shows an example of the information which the meter data management system of Embodiment 3 received
　以下に、本発明の実施の形態にかかる通信装置、検針システムおよび停電通知方法を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。なお、この実施の形態によりこの発明が限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, a communication device, a meter reading system, and a power failure notification method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
実施の形態１．
　図１は、本発明の実施の形態１にかかる検針システムの構成例を示す図である。図１に示すように、本実施の形態の検針システム９は、スマートメーター１－１～１－１８と、コンセントレーター２－１，２－２と、ヘッドエンドシステム（ＨＥＳ（Head　End　System）３と、メータデータ管理システム（ＭＤＭＳ（Meter　Data　Management　System））４とを備える。検針システム９は、配電線を介して家庭、事業所等に供給される電力の使用量を自動検針するためのシステムである。また、検針システム９は、家庭および事業所の発電機から配電線へ供給される電力量も管理してもよい。 Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a meter reading system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the meter reading system 9 of the present embodiment includes smart meters 1-1 to 1-18, concentrators 2-1, 2-2, a head end system (HES (Head End System) 3). And a meter data management system (MDMS (Meter Data Management System)) 4. A meter-reading system 9 is a system for automatically metering the amount of electric power supplied to homes, offices, etc. via distribution lines. The meter-reading system 9 may also manage the amount of power supplied to the distribution lines from home and office generators.
　柱上変圧器であるトランス７－１～７－３は、変電所などに接続される配電線である高圧配電線５００に接続される。トランス７－１～７－３は、高圧配電線５００から供給される電力の電圧を変換し、電圧変換後の電力を図示しない低圧配電線へ供給する。図１に示した例では、トランス７－１からは低圧配電線を介してエリア８－１に電力が供給され、トランス７－２からは低圧配電線を介してエリア８－２に電力が供給され、トランス７－３からは低圧配電線を介してエリア８－３に電力が供給される。 Transformers 7-1 to 7-3 that are pole transformers are connected to a high-voltage distribution line 500 that is a distribution line connected to a substation or the like. The transformers 7-1 to 7-3 convert the voltage of the power supplied from the high voltage distribution line 500, and supply the voltage-converted power to a low voltage distribution line (not shown). In the example shown in FIG. 1, power is supplied from the transformer 7-1 to the area 8-1 via the low voltage distribution line, and power is supplied from the transformer 7-2 to the area 8-2 via the low voltage distribution line. Then, power is supplied from the transformer 7-3 to the area 8-3 via the low voltage distribution line.
　以下、スマートメーター１－１～１－８を区別せずに示す場合にはスマートメーター１と記載し、コンセントレーター２－１，２－２を区別せずに示す場合にはコンセントレーター２と記載する。同様に、トランス７－１～７－３を区別せずに示す場合には、トランス７と記載し、エリア８－１～８－３を区別せずに示す場合にはエリア８と記載する。 Hereinafter, when the smart meters 1-1 to 1-8 are shown without distinction, they are described as smart meters 1, and when the concentrators 2-1 and 2-2 are shown without distinction, they are described as concentrators 2. To do. Similarly, when the transformers 7-1 to 7-3 are shown without distinction, they are described as transformer 7, and when the areas 8-1 to 8-3 are shown without distinction, they are described as area 8.
　図１に示した例では、スマートメーター１－１～１－５は、エリア８－１内に設置され、スマートメーター１－６～１－１４は、エリア８－２内に設置され、スマートメーター１－１５～１－１８は、エリア８－３内に設置される。スマートメーター１－１～１－１８は、家庭、事業所等に設置され、家庭、事業所等における電力の使用量を計測し、計量結果を、対応する親局であるコンセントレーター２へ向けて送信する。スマートメーター１－１～１－１８には、各々に対応する親局となるコンセントレーター２が定められておいる。図１に示した例では、コンセントレーター２－１がスマートメーター１－１～１－５の親局であり、コンセントレーター２－２がスマートメーター１－６～１－１８の親局である。 In the example shown in FIG. 1, smart meters 1-1 to 1-5 are installed in area 8-1, and smart meters 1-6 to 1-14 are installed in area 8-2. 1-15 to 1-18 are installed in the area 8-3. Smart meters 1-1 to 1-18 are installed at homes, offices, etc., measure the amount of power used at homes, offices, etc., and send the measurement results to the corresponding concentrator 2, which is the master station. Send. Each of the smart meters 1-1 to 1-18 has a concentrator 2 serving as a master station corresponding to each. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the concentrator 2-1 is the master station of the smart meters 1-1 to 1-5, and the concentrator 2-2 is the master station of the smart meters 1-6 to 1-18.
　コンセントレーター２およびスマートメーター１－１～１－１８は、無線マルチホップ方式により通信を行う。コンセントレーター２およびスマートメーター１－１～１－１８は、経路制御プロトコルに従って周期的に制御メッセージを交換し、経路情報を保持している。経路制御プロトコルの一例は、ＲＰＬである。具体的には、各スマートメーター１が保持している経路情報には、親局へ向けた経路上の次のスマートメーター１または親局であるコンセントレーター２を示す情報が格納されている。以下、親局へ向けた経路上の次のスマートメーター１またはコンセントレーター２を、適宜、次のノードと呼ぶ。 The concentrator 2 and the smart meters 1-1 to 1-18 perform communication by the wireless multi-hop method. The concentrator 2 and the smart meters 1-1 to 1-18 periodically exchange control messages in accordance with a route control protocol and hold route information. An example of a routing protocol is RPL. Specifically, the route information held by each smart meter 1 stores information indicating the next smart meter 1 on the route toward the parent station or the concentrator 2 as the parent station. Hereinafter, the next smart meter 1 or concentrator 2 on the route toward the master station will be referred to as the next node as appropriate.
　スマートメーター１－１～１－１８は、自身が計測した計量結果を、対応するコンセントレーター２へ向けて送信する。ここで、スマートメーター１が親局すなわちコンセントレーター２へ向けてデータを送信することは、具体的には、各スマートメーター１が保持している経路情報に基づいて、次のノードへデータを送信することを意味する。各スマートメーター１は、他のスマートメーター１からデータを受信すると、受信したデータが親局へ宛てたデータである場合、自身が保持している経路情報に基づいて次のノードへデータを転送する。この転送は、データが親局へ到着するまで経路上の各スマートメーター１によって順次行われる。 The smart meters 1-1 to 1-18 transmit the measurement results measured by themselves to the corresponding concentrator 2. Here, when the smart meter 1 transmits data to the master station, that is, the concentrator 2, specifically, the data is transmitted to the next node based on the route information held by each smart meter 1. It means to do. When each smart meter 1 receives data from another smart meter 1, if the received data is data addressed to the master station, the data is transferred to the next node based on the path information held by itself. . This transfer is sequentially performed by each smart meter 1 on the route until the data arrives at the master station.
　図１では、エリア８－２内のスマートメーター１－６，１－１０，１－１１，１－１４から計量結果がコンセントレーター２－２へ送信される際の経路が矢印で示されている。例えば、スマートメーター１－６から送信された計量結果は、スマートメーター１－７およびスマートメーター１－８を経由してコンセントレーター２－２に到着する。 In FIG. 1, a path when the measurement result is transmitted from the smart meters 1-6, 1-10, 1-11, 1-14 in the area 8-2 to the concentrator 2-2 is indicated by an arrow. . For example, the measurement result transmitted from the smart meter 1-6 arrives at the concentrator 2-2 via the smart meter 1-7 and the smart meter 1-8.
　コンセントレーター２は、スマートメーター１から受信した計量結果を集約して、ＩＰ（Internet　Protocol）ネットワーク（ＩＰ　network）６経由でヘッドエンドシステム３へ送信する。これにより、ヘッドエンドシステム３を介して、計量結果はメータデータ管理システム４で受信される。図１では、コンセントレーター２は、ＩＰネットワーク６経由で、集約した計量結果をヘッドエンドシステム３へ送信する例を示しているが、コンセントレーター２とヘッドエンドシステム３の間の通信経路は図１に示した例に限定されない。 The concentrator 2 aggregates the measurement results received from the smart meter 1 and transmits them to the headend system 3 via an IP (Internet Protocol) network (IP network) 6. As a result, the measurement result is received by the meter data management system 4 via the head end system 3. 1 shows an example in which the concentrator 2 transmits the aggregated measurement result to the head end system 3 via the IP network 6, but the communication path between the concentrator 2 and the head end system 3 is shown in FIG. It is not limited to the example shown in.
　なお、各スマートメーター１には、通常時に親局とするコンセントレーター２以外に、副の親局として１つ以上のコンセントレーター２が設定されていてもよい。例えば、スマートメーター１－６は、通常時には、コンセントレーター２－２を親局として通信を行うが、コンセントレーター２－２に障害が発生した場合等には、コンセントレーター２－１を親局として通信を行う。 In addition, in each smart meter 1, one or more concentrators 2 may be set as sub-master stations in addition to the concentrator 2 that serves as a master station at normal times. For example, the smart meter 1-6 normally communicates with the concentrator 2-2 as a master station. However, when a failure occurs in the concentrator 2-2, the concentrator 2-1 serves as a master station. Communicate.
　ここでは、無線マルチホップ方式が用いられる例を説明するが、電力線通信によるマルチホップ方式が用いられてもよい。 Here, an example in which a wireless multi-hop scheme is used will be described, but a multi-hop scheme based on power line communication may be used.
　ヘッドエンドシステム３は、各コンセントレーター２から計量結果を収集し、収集した計量結果をメータデータ管理システム４へ送信する。メータデータ管理システム４は、ヘッドエンドシステム３から受信した計量結果を管理する。 The head end system 3 collects the measurement results from each concentrator 2 and transmits the collected measurement results to the meter data management system 4. The meter data management system 4 manages the measurement result received from the head end system 3.
　なお、図１では、スマートメーター１を１８台、コンセントレーター２を２台図示しているが、本実施の形態の検針システム９を構成するスマートメーター１およびコンセントレーター２の数は、この例に限定されない。また、各トランスに対応するエリア内のスマートメーターの数も図１に図示した例に限定されない。 In FIG. 1, 18 smart meters 1 and two concentrators 2 are shown, but the numbers of smart meters 1 and concentrators 2 constituting the meter reading system 9 of the present embodiment are shown in this example. It is not limited. Further, the number of smart meters in the area corresponding to each transformer is not limited to the example illustrated in FIG.
　本実施の形態の検針システム９は、スマートメーター１により停電が検出された場合、停電の発生を停電管理システム（ＯＭＳ）５へ通知する。また、本実施の形態の検針システム９は、スマートメーター１により復電が検出された場合、復電の発生を停電管理システム（ＯＭＳ）５へ通知する。本実施の形態の検針システム９における停電および復電の通知方法については後述する。 When the smart meter 1 detects a power failure, the meter reading system 9 of the present embodiment notifies the power failure management system (OMS) 5 of the occurrence of the power failure. Moreover, the meter-reading system 9 of this Embodiment notifies generation | occurrence | production of a power recovery to the power failure management system (OMS) 5 when a power recovery is detected by the smart meter 1. A power failure and power recovery notification method in the meter reading system 9 of the present embodiment will be described later.
　次に、本実施の形態の検針システム９を構成する各装置の構成例を説明する。図２は、本実施の形態のスマートメーター１の構成例を示す図である。図２に示すように、スマートメーター１は、通信装置１６と、バッテリ１３と、計量部１４と、切替え器１５とを備える。通信装置１６は、通信部１１および制御部１２を備える。通信装置１６は、使用電力量を計量する検針装置であるスマートメーター１に搭載され、スマートメーター１により計量された計量結果を送信する通信装置である。 Next, a configuration example of each apparatus constituting the meter reading system 9 of the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the smart meter 1 according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, the smart meter 1 includes a communication device 16, a battery 13, a weighing unit 14, and a switch 15. The communication device 16 includes a communication unit 11 and a control unit 12. The communication device 16 is a communication device that is mounted on the smart meter 1 that is a meter-reading device that measures the amount of power used, and transmits a measurement result measured by the smart meter 1.
　通信部１１は、アンテナおよび通信回路で構成される。通信部１２は、送信機であるとともに受信機である。 The communication unit 11 includes an antenna and a communication circuit. The communication unit 12 is a transmitter and a receiver.
　計量部１４は、低圧配電線に接続される系統電源１０１と接続されるとともに、家庭または事業所等における負荷１００と接続され、家庭または事業所等において使用された電力量を計量し、計量結果を制御部１２へ通知する。また、計量部１４は、系統電源１０１の停電および復電を検出し、停電および復電を制御部１２へ通知する。 The measuring unit 14 is connected to the system power supply 101 connected to the low-voltage distribution line, and is connected to the load 100 in the home or office, and measures the amount of power used in the home or office, and the measurement result. Is notified to the control unit 12. In addition, the measuring unit 14 detects a power failure and power recovery of the system power supply 101 and notifies the control unit 12 of the power failure and power recovery.
　制御部１２は、通信部１１を介して経路制御プロトコルに従った処理を実施し、親局であるコンセントレーター２への経路に関する経路情報を保持する。また、制御部１２は、計量部１４から受信した計量結果を経路情報に基づいて、通信部１１を介して親局であるコンセントレーター２へ向けて送信する。さらに、制御部１２は、計量部１４から停電が通知された場合、後述する停電通知処理を実施する。また、制御部１２は、計量部１４から復電が通知された場合、後述する復電通知処理を実施する。 The control unit 12 performs processing according to the route control protocol via the communication unit 11 and holds route information regarding the route to the concentrator 2 that is the master station. Further, the control unit 12 transmits the measurement result received from the measurement unit 14 to the concentrator 2 that is the master station via the communication unit 11 based on the path information. Furthermore, the control part 12 implements the power failure notification process mentioned later, when the power failure is notified from the measurement part 14. Further, when the power recovery is notified from the measuring unit 14, the control unit 12 performs a power recovery notification process described later.
　バッテリ１３は、蓄電装置である。バッテリ１３の一例は、スーパーキャパシタと呼ばれる電気二重層キャパシタであるが、バッテリ１３はこれに限定されない。切替え器１５は、計量部１４を介して系統電源１０１と接続されるとともにバッテリ１３に接続される。切替え器１５は、制御部１２からの指示に基づいて、通信部１１および制御部１２へ電力を供給する電源を切替える。 The battery 13 is a power storage device. An example of the battery 13 is an electric double layer capacitor called a super capacitor, but the battery 13 is not limited to this. The switch 15 is connected to the system power supply 101 via the measuring unit 14 and to the battery 13. The switch 15 switches the power source that supplies power to the communication unit 11 and the control unit 12 based on an instruction from the control unit 12.
　制御部１２は、処理回路により実現される。この処理回路は、専用のハードウェアである処理回路であってもよいし、プロセッサを備える制御回路であってもよい。専用のハードウェアである場合、処理回路は、例えば、単一回路、複合回路、プログラム化したプロセッサ、並列プログラム化したプロセッサ、ＡＳＩＣ（Application　Specific　Integrated　Circuit）、ＦＰＧＡ（Field　Programmable　Gate　Array）、またはこれらを組み合わせたものである。 The control unit 12 is realized by a processing circuit. This processing circuit may be a processing circuit that is dedicated hardware, or may be a control circuit including a processor. In the case of dedicated hardware, the processing circuit is, for example, a single circuit, a composite circuit, a programmed processor, a processor programmed in parallel, an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or these Is a combination.
　制御部１２を実現する処理回路がプロセッサを備える制御回路で実現される場合、この制御回路は例えば図３に示す構成の制御回路２００である。図３は、本実施の形態の制御回路２００の構成例を示す図である。制御回路２００は、プロセッサ２０１とメモリ２０２を備える。プロセッサは、ＣＰＵ（Central　Processing　Unit、中央処理装置、処理装置、演算装置、マイクロプロセッサ、マイクロコンピュータ、プロセッサ、ＤＳＰ（Digital　Signal　Processor）ともいう）等である。メモリは、例えば、ＲＡＭ（Random　Access　Memory）、ＲＯＭ（Read　Only　Memory）、フラッシュメモリー、ＥＰＲＯＭ（Erasable　Programmable　Read　Only　Memory）、ＥＥＰＲＯＭ（登録商標）（Electrically　Erasable　Programmable　Read　Only　Memory）等の、不揮発性または揮発性の半導体メモリ等が該当する。 When the processing circuit for realizing the control unit 12 is realized by a control circuit including a processor, this control circuit is, for example, the control circuit 200 having the configuration shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the control circuit 200 according to the present embodiment. The control circuit 200 includes a processor 201 and a memory 202. The processor is a CPU (Central Processing Unit, central processing unit, processing unit, arithmetic unit, microprocessor, microcomputer, processor, DSP (Digital Signal Processor)) or the like. The memory is non-volatile, such as RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), EEPROM (registered trademark) (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), etc. A volatile semiconductor memory or the like is applicable.
　制御部１２を実現する処理回路がプロセッサを備える制御回路２００である場合、プロセッサ２０１が、メモリ２０２に記憶された制御部１２の処理が記述されたプログラムを読み出して実行することにより実現される。また、メモリ２０２は、プロセッサ２０１が実施する各処理における一時メモリとしても使用される。 When the processing circuit that implements the control unit 12 is the control circuit 200 including a processor, the processor 201 reads out and executes a program in which the processing of the control unit 12 stored in the memory 202 is described. The memory 202 is also used as a temporary memory in each process executed by the processor 201.
　図４は、本実施の形態のコンセントレーター２の構成例を示す図である。図４に示すように、コンセントレーター２は、通信部２１および制御部２２を備える。通信部２１は、スマートメーター１との間で無線通信を行うことが可能であるととともに、ＩＰネットワーク６を介してヘッドエンドシステム３と通信を行うことが可能である。通信部２１は、アンテナおよび通信回路で構成される。通信部２１は、送信機であるとともに受信機である。なお、図４では、図示していないが、コンセントレーター２は、バッテリなどのバックアップ電源を有していてもよい。コンセントレーター２が有するバックアップ電源は、スマートメーター１が有するバッテリ１３より容量は十分に大きく、コンセントレーター２が設置されているエリアで系統電源の停電が発生した場合にも、スマートメーター１よりは十分長い間動作可能であるとする。 FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the concentrator 2 according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4, the concentrator 2 includes a communication unit 21 and a control unit 22. The communication unit 21 can perform wireless communication with the smart meter 1 and can communicate with the headend system 3 via the IP network 6. The communication unit 21 includes an antenna and a communication circuit. The communication unit 21 is a transmitter and a receiver. Although not shown in FIG. 4, the concentrator 2 may have a backup power source such as a battery. The backup power supply that the concentrator 2 has has a sufficiently larger capacity than the battery 13 that the smart meter 1 has, and even when a power failure occurs in the system power supply in the area where the concentrator 2 is installed, it is more sufficient than the smart meter 1 Assume that it can operate for a long time.
　制御部２２は、通信部２１を介して、スマートメーター１との間で、経路制御プロトコルに従った処理を実施し、スマートメーター１への経路に関する経路情報を保持する。また、制御部２２は、通信部２１を介して、スマートメーター１から計量結果を受信すると複数のスマートメーター１の計量結果を集約して、通信部２１を介してヘッドエンドシステム３へ送信する。さらに、制御部２２は、通信部２１を介してスマートメーター１から停電通知（ＰＯＮ（Power　Outage　Notification））を受信した場合、停電通知を集約して通信部２１を介してヘッドエンドシステム３へ送信する。また、制御部２２は、通信部２１を介してスマートメーター１から復電通知（ＰＲＮ（Power　Restoration　Notification））を受信した場合、復電通知を集約して通信部２１を介してヘッドエンドシステム３へ送信する。停電通知および復電通知の集約については後述する。 The control unit 22 performs processing according to the route control protocol with the smart meter 1 via the communication unit 21 and holds route information regarding the route to the smart meter 1. Further, when receiving the measurement results from the smart meter 1 via the communication unit 21, the control unit 22 aggregates the measurement results of the plurality of smart meters 1 and transmits them to the headend system 3 via the communication unit 21. Further, when receiving a power outage notification (PON (Power Outage Notification)) from the smart meter 1 via the communication unit 21, the control unit 22 collects the power outage notification and transmits it to the headend system 3 via the communication unit 21. To do. In addition, when receiving a power recovery notification (PRN (Power Restoration Notification)) from the smart meter 1 via the communication unit 21, the control unit 22 aggregates the power recovery notifications and transmits the head end system 3 via the communication unit 21. Send to. The aggregation of the power failure notification and the power recovery notification will be described later.
　制御部２２は、処理回路により実現される。この処理回路は、スマートメーター１の制御部１２と同様に、専用のハードウェアである処理回路であってもよいし、プロセッサを備える制御回路であってもよい。プロセッサを備える制御回路は、例えば、上述した図４に示した制御回路２００である。制御部２２を実現する処理回路がプロセッサを備える制御回路２００である場合、プロセッサ２０１が、メモリ２０２に記憶された制御部２２の処理が記述されたプログラムを読み出して実行することにより実現される。また、メモリ２０２は、プロセッサ２０１が実施する各処理における一時メモリとしても使用される。 The control unit 22 is realized by a processing circuit. Similar to the control unit 12 of the smart meter 1, this processing circuit may be a processing circuit that is dedicated hardware, or may be a control circuit that includes a processor. The control circuit including the processor is, for example, the control circuit 200 shown in FIG. 4 described above. When the processing circuit that implements the control unit 22 is the control circuit 200 including a processor, the processor 201 reads out and executes a program in which the processing of the control unit 22 stored in the memory 202 is described. The memory 202 is also used as a temporary memory in each process executed by the processor 201.
　図５は、本実施の形態のヘッドエンドシステム３の構成例を示す図である。図５に示すように、ヘッドエンドシステム３は、通信部３１および制御部３２を備える。通信部３１は、ＩＰネットワーク６を介してコンセントレーター２との間で通信を行うことが可能であるととともに、メータデータ管理システム４と通信を行うことが可能である。通信部３１は、通信回路である。通信部３１は、送信機であるとともに受信機である。 FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the head end system 3 according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, the head end system 3 includes a communication unit 31 and a control unit 32. The communication unit 31 can communicate with the concentrator 2 via the IP network 6 and can communicate with the meter data management system 4. The communication unit 31 is a communication circuit. The communication unit 31 is a transmitter and a receiver.
　制御部３２は、通信部３１を介してコンセントレーター２から、スマートメーター１による計量結果を受信すると、受信した計量結果を、通信部３１を介してメータデータ管理システム４へ送信する。制御部３２は、通信部３１を介して、コンセントレーター２およびスマートメーター１で構成されるネットワークである無線マルチホップネットワークの通信制御を実施する。制御部３２が実施する通信制御は一般的なスマートメーターネットワークにおける通信制御と同様であるため詳細な説明は省略する。制御部３２は、通信部３１を介してコンセントレーター２から停電通知を受信した場合、停電通知を集約して通信部３１を介してメータデータ管理システム４へ送信する。また、制御部３２は、通信部３１を介してコンセントレーター２から復電通知を受信した場合、復電通知を集約して通信部３１を介してメータデータ管理システム４へ送信する。 When the control unit 32 receives the measurement result by the smart meter 1 from the concentrator 2 through the communication unit 31, the control unit 32 transmits the received measurement result to the meter data management system 4 through the communication unit 31. The control unit 32 performs communication control of a wireless multi-hop network that is a network including the concentrator 2 and the smart meter 1 via the communication unit 31. Since the communication control performed by the control unit 32 is the same as the communication control in a general smart meter network, detailed description is omitted. When receiving the power failure notification from the concentrator 2 via the communication unit 31, the control unit 32 collects the power failure notification and transmits it to the meter data management system 4 via the communication unit 31. Further, when receiving a power recovery notification from the concentrator 2 via the communication unit 31, the control unit 32 aggregates the power recovery notification and transmits the power recovery notification to the meter data management system 4 via the communication unit 31.
　制御部３２は、処理回路により実現される。この処理回路は、プロセッサを備える制御回路である。プロセッサを備える制御回路は、例えば、上述した図３に示した制御回路２００である。プロセッサ２０１が、メモリ２０２に記憶された制御部３２の処理が記述されたプログラムを読み出して実行することにより制御部３２の機能が実現される。また、メモリ２０２は、プロセッサ２０１が実施する各処理における一時メモリとしても使用される。なお、制御部３２を実現する処理回路が専用のハードウェアであってもよい。 The control unit 32 is realized by a processing circuit. This processing circuit is a control circuit including a processor. The control circuit including the processor is, for example, the control circuit 200 shown in FIG. 3 described above. The function of the control unit 32 is realized by the processor 201 reading and executing a program describing the processing of the control unit 32 stored in the memory 202. The memory 202 is also used as a temporary memory in each process executed by the processor 201. The processing circuit that implements the control unit 32 may be dedicated hardware.
　図６は、本実施の形態のメータデータ管理システム４の構成例を示す図である。図６に示すように、メータデータ管理システム４は、通信部４１、計測データ管理部４２および停電管理部４３を備える。通信部４１は、ヘッドエンドシステム３との間で通信を行うことが可能であるととともに、停電管理システム５と通信を行うことが可能である。通信部４１は、通信回路である。通信部４１は、送信機であるとともに受信機である。 FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the meter data management system 4 of the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6, the meter data management system 4 includes a communication unit 41, a measurement data management unit 42, and a power failure management unit 43. The communication unit 41 can communicate with the head end system 3 and can communicate with the power failure management system 5. The communication unit 41 is a communication circuit. The communication unit 41 is a transmitter and a receiver.
　計測データ管理部４２は、スマートメーター１による計量結果を保持する。スマートメーター１による計量結果は、例えば、図示しない課金システムへ提供される。また、停電管理部４３は、通信部４１を介してヘッドエンドシステム３から停電通知を受信した場合、通信部４１を介して、停電通知を停電管理システム５へ送信する。また、停電管理部４３は、通信部４１を介してヘッドエンドシステム３から復電通知を受信した場合、復電通知を、通信部４１を介して停電管理システム５へ送信する。 The measurement data management unit 42 holds the measurement result by the smart meter 1. The measurement result by the smart meter 1 is provided to a charging system (not shown), for example. Further, when the power failure management unit 43 receives a power failure notification from the head end system 3 via the communication unit 41, the power failure management unit 43 transmits the power failure notification to the power failure management system 5 via the communication unit 41. When the power failure management unit 43 receives a power recovery notification from the head end system 3 via the communication unit 41, the power failure management unit 43 transmits the power recovery notification to the power failure management system 5 via the communication unit 41.
　計測データ管理部４２および停電管理部４３は、処理回路により実現される。この処理回路は、プロセッサを備える制御回路である。プロセッサを備える制御回路は、例えば、上述した図３に示した制御回路２００である。プロセッサ２０１が、メモリ２０２に記憶された制御部の処理が記述されたプログラムを読み出して実行することにより計測データ管理部４２および停電管理部４３の機能が実現される。また、メモリ２０２は、プロセッサ２０１が実施する各処理における一時メモリとしても使用される。なお、計測データ管理部４２および停電管理部４３を実現する処理回路が専用のハードウェアであってもよい。 The measurement data management unit 42 and the power failure management unit 43 are realized by a processing circuit. This processing circuit is a control circuit including a processor. The control circuit including the processor is, for example, the control circuit 200 shown in FIG. 3 described above. The functions of the measurement data management unit 42 and the power failure management unit 43 are realized by the processor 201 reading and executing a program describing the processing of the control unit stored in the memory 202. The memory 202 is also used as a temporary memory in each process executed by the processor 201. Note that the processing circuit that implements the measurement data management unit 42 and the power failure management unit 43 may be dedicated hardware.
　次に、本実施の形態の停電および復電の発生時の動作について説明する。まず、停電発生時の動作について説明する。図７は、トランス７－２に障害が発生することにより、エリア８－２で停電が発生した状態を示す図である。エリア８－２で停電が発生すると、エリア８－２内のスマートメーター１は、停電を検出して、停電通知をコンセントレーター２－２へ向けて送信する。図７では、スマートメーター１－６，１－１０，１－１１から送信された停電通知が伝送される経路矢印で記載している。図７に示した例では、スマートメーター１－６からコンセントレーター２－２への経路では障害が発生しているため、スマートメーター１－６はコンセントレーター２－１へ向けて停電通知を送信している。このように、各スマートメーター１は、親局として設定されているコンセントレーター２への経路上に障害が発生した場合には他のコンセントレーター２へ向けて停電通知を送信することが可能であるが、親局への経路上に障害が発生した場合の動作については、この例に限定されずどのような動作が行われてもよい。 Next, the operation when a power failure and power recovery occur in this embodiment will be described. First, the operation when a power failure occurs will be described. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a state where a power failure has occurred in the area 8-2 due to a failure in the transformer 7-2. When a power failure occurs in area 8-2, smart meter 1 in area 8-2 detects the power failure and transmits a power failure notification to concentrator 2-2. In FIG. 7, a power failure notification transmitted from the smart meters 1-6, 1-10, 1-11 is indicated by a path arrow through which the notification is transmitted. In the example shown in FIG. 7, since a failure has occurred in the route from the smart meter 1-6 to the concentrator 2-2, the smart meter 1-6 sends a power failure notification to the concentrator 2-1. ing. Thus, each smart meter 1 can transmit a power failure notification to another concentrator 2 when a failure occurs on the route to the concentrator 2 set as a master station. However, the operation when a failure occurs on the route to the master station is not limited to this example, and any operation may be performed.
　エリア８－２で停電が発生した場合に、エリア８－２内のスマートメーター１が一斉に停電通知を送信すると、停電通知が大量にエリア８－２内で送信されることになり、各スマートメーター１は大量の停電通知を受信する。特に、瞬間的な停電が複数回継続して発生する場合、停電のたびに停電通知が送信され、著しい輻輳が生じる可能性がある。このため、スマートメーター１は、正常に停電通知を受信できず、停電通知がコンセントレーター２へ到達しないことがある。一方、瞬間的な停電については、すぐに動作を再開できるため、停電通知の送信を急ぐ必要の無い場合がある。 When a power failure occurs in area 8-2, if the smart meter 1 in area 8-2 sends a power failure notification all at once, a large number of power failure notifications will be sent in area 8-2. Meter 1 receives a large amount of power failure notifications. In particular, when an instantaneous power failure occurs multiple times, a power failure notification is transmitted every time a power failure occurs, which may cause significant congestion. For this reason, the smart meter 1 cannot receive the power failure notification normally, and the power failure notification may not reach the concentrator 2 in some cases. On the other hand, since an operation can be resumed immediately for an instantaneous power failure, there is a case where it is not necessary to rush to transmit a power failure notification.
　本実施の形態では、瞬間的な停電をＴｉ秒以下の停電と定義し、Ｔｉ秒以下の停電は、すぐに通知する必要無いことを前提とする。Ｔｉはあらかじめ定められる。そして、本実施の形態のスマートメーター１は、停電を検出すると、直ちに停電通知を送信するのではなく、送信時間を分散させるために、ランダム時間待機し、待機が終了した後に停電が継続していた場合、停電通知を送信する。ただし、停電時には、スマートメーター１は、バッテリ１３を電源として動作するため、停電発生から停電通知の送信までの時間は、バッテリ１３により動作可能な時間より短い必要がある。このため、バッテリ１３により動作可能な時間をＴｃ秒とすると、送信時間を分散させるためのランダム時間はＴｃより短く設定される。これにより、本実施の形態のスマートメーター１は、バッテリ１３により動作可能な時間内で停電通知を送信できるとともに、停電通知の送信タイミングを分散させて輻輳を抑制することができる。さらに、ランダム時間待機している間に復電した場合には停電通知を送信しないすなわち送信をキャンセルするため、ランダム時間の待機だけを行い停電通知を送信する場合すなわち送信のキャンセルを行わない場合に比べて、停電通知の送信頻度を低下させることができ、より輻輳を抑制することができる。送信時間を分散させるためのランダム時間は、０秒からＴｄ（Ｔｄ＜Ｔｃ）秒までを範囲とした乱数を用いることができる。また、送信時間を分散させるためのランダム時間の生成にスマートメーター１またはスマートメーター１の通信装置１６に固有の識別情報が用いられてもよい。これにより、単に乱数を用いる場合より、より厳密にスマートメーター１ごとの送信時間を分散させることができる。 In this embodiment, an instantaneous power failure is defined as a power failure of Ti seconds or less, and it is assumed that a power failure of Ti seconds or less does not need to be notified immediately. Ti is predetermined. And if the smart meter 1 of this Embodiment detects a power failure, it will not transmit a power failure notification immediately, but will wait for random time in order to disperse transmission time, and the power failure will continue after standby is completed. If a failure occurs, a power failure notification is sent. However, since the smart meter 1 operates using the battery 13 as a power source at the time of a power failure, the time from the occurrence of the power failure to the transmission of the power failure notification needs to be shorter than the time operable by the battery 13. For this reason, if the time in which the battery 13 can operate is Tc seconds, the random time for distributing the transmission time is set shorter than Tc. Thereby, the smart meter 1 of this Embodiment can transmit a power failure notification within the time which can be operate | moved with the battery 13, and can suppress congestion by distributing the transmission timing of a power failure notification. Furthermore, when power is restored while waiting for a random time, the power failure notification is not transmitted, that is, the transmission is canceled, so only when waiting for the random time is performed and the power failure notification is transmitted, that is, when the transmission is not canceled. In comparison, it is possible to reduce the frequency of transmission of power outage notifications and to further suppress congestion. As the random time for distributing the transmission time, a random number ranging from 0 second to Td (Td <Tc) seconds can be used. Further, identification information unique to the smart meter 1 or the communication device 16 of the smart meter 1 may be used to generate random time for distributing the transmission time. Thereby, the transmission time for each smart meter 1 can be distributed more strictly than the case of simply using random numbers.
　なお、本実施の形態では、停電通知の送信を待機する時間がランダムであるため、Ｔｉ秒未満の停電で停電通知を送信するスマートメーター１もあるが、停電のエリア全体としては停電通知の送信は抑制される。ＴｄはＴｉ以下とする。 In this embodiment, since the time for waiting for transmission of a power failure notification is random, there is also a smart meter 1 that transmits a power failure notification with a power failure in less than Ti seconds. Is suppressed. Td is not more than Ti.
　以上のように、通信装置１６の制御部１２は、停電の発生を検出してから、ランダムに定められた時間である第１の時間が経過した後、停電が発生したことを示す停電通知を生成する。また、通信部１１は、制御部１２により生成された停電通知を送信する。 As described above, after detecting the occurrence of a power failure, the control unit 12 of the communication device 16 provides a power failure notification indicating that a power failure has occurred after the first time, which is a randomly determined time, has elapsed. Generate. In addition, the communication unit 11 transmits a power failure notification generated by the control unit 12.
　図８は、本実施の形態のスマートメーター１における停電通知処理の一例を示すフローチャートである。図８に示すように、スマートメーター１は、停電が発生する（ステップＳ１）と、電源を切替える（ステップＳ２）。具体的には、ステップＳ１では、通信装置１６の制御部１２は、計量部１４から停電が通知されることにより、停電が発生したと判断する。ステップＳ２では、制御部１２は、切替え器１５へ、通信装置１６の電源を系統電源１０１からバッテリ１３へ切替えるよう制御する。これにより、通信装置１６には、バッテリ１３から電力が供給される。 FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of a power failure notification process in the smart meter 1 of the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 8, when a power failure occurs (step S1), the smart meter 1 switches the power supply (step S2). Specifically, in step S <b> 1, the control unit 12 of the communication device 16 determines that a power outage has occurred when the weighing unit 14 is notified of the power outage. In step S <b> 2, the control unit 12 controls the switch 15 to switch the power supply of the communication device 16 from the system power supply 101 to the battery 13. As a result, power is supplied from the battery 13 to the communication device 16.
　次に、スマートメーター１は、停電事象を記録する（ステップＳ３）。具体的には、制御部１２は、停電が発生した時刻と停電が発生したことを示す情報とを対応付けて、内部のメモリへ保持する。停電が発生した時刻としては、計量部１４が停電の通知とともに停電を検出した時刻を制御部１２へ通知する場合には、停電を検出した時刻を用いることができる。計量部１４が停電の通知とともに停電を検出した時刻を制御部１２へ通知しない場合には、停電が発生した時刻としては、計量部１４から制御部１２へ停電が通知された時刻を用いることができる。 Next, the smart meter 1 records a power outage event (step S3). Specifically, the control unit 12 associates the time when the power failure occurs with information indicating that the power failure has occurred, and stores the information in the internal memory. As the time when the power failure occurs, when the weighing unit 14 notifies the control unit 12 of the time when the power failure is detected together with the notification of the power failure, the time when the power failure is detected can be used. When the weighing unit 14 does not notify the control unit 12 of the time when the power failure is detected together with the notification of the power failure, the time when the power failure is notified from the weighing unit 14 to the control unit 12 may be used as the time when the power failure occurs. it can.
　次に、スマートメーター１は、分散送信用ランダム遅延を実施する（ステップＳ４）。具体的には、制御部１２は、ランダム時間待機する。例えば、制御部１２は、ランダム時間を計測する分散送信用のタイマーが満了するまで待機する。なお、ランダム時間は、スマートメーター１ごとにランダムであればよいので、１つのスマートメーター１においては固定の値でよい。なお、ランダム時間を１つのスマートメーター１においても可変としてもよい。次に、スマートメーター１は、復電したか否かを判断し（ステップＳ５）、復電した場合（ステップＳ５　Ｙｅｓ）、停電通知処理を終了する。ステップＳ５では、具体的には、制御部１２は、ステップＳ４で待機している間に計量部１４から復電が通知されたか否かにより、復電したか否かを判断する。 Next, the smart meter 1 performs a random delay for distributed transmission (step S4). Specifically, the control unit 12 waits for a random time. For example, the control unit 12 waits until a timer for distributed transmission that measures random time expires. In addition, since random time should just be random for every smart meter 1, in one smart meter 1, a fixed value may be sufficient. The random time may be variable even in one smart meter 1. Next, the smart meter 1 determines whether or not power has been restored (step S5). When power is restored (Yes in step S5), the power failure notification process is terminated. In step S5, specifically, the control unit 12 determines whether or not power has been restored based on whether or not power recovery has been notified from the weighing unit 14 while waiting in step S4.
　復電していない場合（ステップＳ５　Ｎｏ）、スマートメーター１は、コンセントレーター２に向けて停電通知を送信する（ステップＳ６）。具体的には、制御部１２が、保持している停電事象を基に、停電が発生した時刻を含む停電通知を生成し、通信部１１を介してコンセントレーター２に向けて停電通知を送信する。このとき、未送信の停電事象および未送信の後述する復電事象がある場合には、停電通知に含めて送信してもよい。制御部１２は、停電通知を送信すると、停電通知を通知済みであることを記憶する。例えば、保持している停電事象に通知済みであることを示す情報を付加する。停電通知は、どのような形式の信号であってもよいが、例えば、ネットワークヘッダとペイロードで構成され、ペイロードに、アプリケーションのヘッダとして停電通知であることを示す情報が格納され、アプリケーションのデータとして停電が発生した時刻が格納される。 When power is not restored (No at Step S5), the smart meter 1 transmits a power failure notification to the concentrator 2 (Step S6). Specifically, the control unit 12 generates a power failure notification including the time when the power failure has occurred based on the held power failure event, and transmits the power failure notification to the concentrator 2 via the communication unit 11. . At this time, if there is an untransmitted power outage event and a non-transmitted power recovery event described later, the power outage notification may be included. When transmitting the power failure notification, the control unit 12 stores that the power failure notification has been notified. For example, information indicating that notification of a held power outage event has been made is added. The power failure notification may be any type of signal. For example, the power failure notification is composed of a network header and a payload, and information indicating the power failure notification is stored in the payload as the application header. Stores the time when the power failure occurred.
　以上のように、制御部１２は、停電の発生を検出してから、第１の時間が経過した後、復電しているか否かを判断し、復電していない場合に停電通知を生成し、復電している場合に停電通知を生成しない。 As described above, after detecting the occurrence of a power failure, the control unit 12 determines whether power has been restored after the first time has elapsed, and generates a power failure notification if power has not been restored. However, a power failure notification is not generated when power is restored.
　図９は、本実施の形態の停電通知処理の効果を示す図である。図９では、５秒間の停電の後に復電し、復電から５秒後に再び５秒間停電し、この停電の復電から１０秒後に２０秒停電した例を示している。このような場合、停電を検出すると固定時間後に停電通知を送信する比較例では、３回停電通知（図９ではＰＯＮと略す）が送信されることになる。本実施の形態のスマートメーター１におけるランダム時間が１０秒であった場合、本実施の形態のスマートメーター１は、図９に示すように、停電通知を１回送信することになる。このように、本実施の形態では、比較例に比べて停電通知の送信頻度を抑制することができる。また、一般に復電通知（図９ではＰＲＮと略す）は、停電通知に対応して送信されるため、停電通知の送信回数が減ることにより、復電通知の送信回数も抑制される。 FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the power failure notification process according to the present embodiment. FIG. 9 shows an example in which a power failure occurs after a power failure of 5 seconds, a power failure occurs again for 5 seconds after the power failure, and a power failure occurs for 20 seconds 10 seconds after the power failure is restored. In such a case, in a comparative example in which a power failure notification is transmitted after a fixed time when a power failure is detected, a power failure notification (abbreviated as PON in FIG. 9) is transmitted three times. When the random time in the smart meter 1 according to the present embodiment is 10 seconds, the smart meter 1 according to the present embodiment transmits a power failure notification once as shown in FIG. Thus, in this Embodiment, the transmission frequency of a power failure notification can be suppressed compared with a comparative example. In general, a power recovery notification (abbreviated as PRN in FIG. 9) is transmitted in response to a power failure notification, so that the number of power failure notification transmissions is reduced by reducing the number of power failure notification transmissions.
　次に、本実施の形態のスマートメーター１における復電通知処理について説明する。本実施の形態では、復電時にも、復電を検出してからランダム時間待機してから復電通知を送信することで、復電後に短時間で再度停電する場合の復電通知の送信を抑制する。 Next, power recovery notification processing in the smart meter 1 of the present embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, even when power is restored, by sending a power recovery notification after waiting for a random time after detecting power recovery, it is possible to send a power recovery notification in the event of a power failure again in a short time after power recovery. Suppress.
　図１０は、本実施の形態のスマートメーター１における復電通知処理の一例を示すフローチャートである。スマートメーター１は、復電が発生する（ステップＳ１１）と、停電を通知済みであるか否かを判断する（ステップＳ１２）。具体的には、ステップＳ１１では、通信装置１６の制御部１２は、計量部１４から復電が通知されることにより、復電が発生したと判断する。停電を通知済みでない場合（ステップＳ１２　Ｎｏ）、スマートメーター１は、復電通知処理を終了する。ステップＳ１２でＮｏと判定されるのは、スマートメーター１の初期起動時、または上述した停電通知処理においてステップＳ５でＹｅｓと判定された場合である。 FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing an example of power recovery notification processing in the smart meter 1 of the present embodiment. When power recovery occurs (step S11), the smart meter 1 determines whether or not a power failure has been notified (step S12). Specifically, in step S <b> 11, the control unit 12 of the communication device 16 determines that power recovery has occurred when power recovery is notified from the weighing unit 14. If the power failure has not been notified (No at Step S12), the smart meter 1 ends the power recovery notification process. No is determined in step S12 when the smart meter 1 is initially activated or when Yes is determined in step S5 in the power failure notification process described above.
　停電を通知済みの場合（ステップＳ１２　Ｙｅｓ）、スマートメーター１は電源を切替える（ステップＳ１３）。具体的には、制御部１２が、切替え器１５へ、通信装置１６の電源をバッテリ１３から系統電源１０１へ切替えるよう制御する。これにより、通信装置１６には、系統電源１０１から電力が供給される。 When the power failure has been notified (step S12, Yes), the smart meter 1 switches the power (step S13). Specifically, the control unit 12 controls the switch 15 to switch the power supply of the communication device 16 from the battery 13 to the system power supply 101. As a result, power is supplied to the communication device 16 from the system power supply 101.
　次に、スマートメーター１は、復電事象を記録する（ステップＳ１４）。具体的には、制御部１２は、復電が発生した時刻と復電が発生したことを示す情報とを対応付けて、内部のメモリへ保持する。復電が発生した時刻としては、計量部１４が復電の通知とともに復電を検出した時刻を制御部１２へ通知する場合には、復電を検出した時刻を用いることができる。計量部１４が復電の通知とともに復電を検出した時刻を制御部１２へ通知しない場合には、復電が発生した時刻としては、計量部１４から制御部１２へ復電が通知された時刻を用いることができる。 Next, the smart meter 1 records the power recovery event (step S14). Specifically, the control unit 12 associates the time when the power recovery has occurred with information indicating that the power recovery has occurred, and stores the information in the internal memory. As the time when the power recovery occurs, when the measuring unit 14 notifies the control unit 12 of the time when the power recovery is detected together with the notification of the power recovery, the time when the power recovery is detected can be used. When the measuring unit 14 does not notify the control unit 12 of the time when the power recovery is detected together with the notification of power recovery, the time when the power recovery is notified from the measuring unit 14 to the control unit 12 Can be used.
　次に、スマートメーター１は、分散送信用ランダム遅延を実施する（ステップＳ１５）。具体的には、制御部１２は、ランダム時間待機する。なお、停電通知の送信の待機に用いられるランダム時間を第１の時間とし、復電通知の送信の待機に用いられるランダム時間を第２の時間とするとき、第１の時間の範囲と第２の時間の範囲とは同じであってもよいし、異なっていてもよい。第１の時間は、上述したように、Ｔｃ秒より短くする必要がある。これに対し、復電後は系統電源１０１から通信装置１６へ電力が供給されるため、第２の時間は、Ｔｃ秒より短くする必要はない。すなわち、第２の時間の最大値を、第１の時間の最大値より長くしてもよい。したがって、例えば、第２の時間の範囲を０秒からＴｅ秒までのランダムな時間とするとき、ＴｅをＴｄより長くすることで、復電通知の送信時に、送信時間が分散されて輻輳を回避することができる。または、第１の時間に固定値を加えた値を第２の時間としてもよい。 Next, the smart meter 1 performs a random delay for distributed transmission (step S15). Specifically, the control unit 12 waits for a random time. In addition, when the random time used for standby for transmission of power failure notification is the first time and the random time used for standby for transmission of power recovery notification is the second time, the range of the first time and the second The time range may be the same or different. As described above, the first time needs to be shorter than Tc seconds. On the other hand, since power is supplied from the system power supply 101 to the communication device 16 after the power recovery, the second time does not need to be shorter than Tc seconds. That is, the maximum value of the second time may be longer than the maximum value of the first time. Therefore, for example, when the range of the second time is a random time from 0 seconds to Te seconds, by making Te longer than Td, the transmission time is distributed when the power recovery notification is transmitted, thereby avoiding congestion. can do. Alternatively, a value obtained by adding a fixed value to the first time may be set as the second time.
　次に、スマートメーター１は、停電したか否かを判断し（ステップＳ１６）、停電した場合（ステップＳ１６　Ｙｅｓ）、復電通知処理を終了する。ステップＳ１６では、具体的には、制御部１２は、ステップＳ１５で待機している間に計量部１４から停電が通知されたか否かにより、停電したか否かを判断する。 Next, the smart meter 1 determines whether or not a power failure has occurred (step S16). If a power failure has occurred (step S16 Yes), the power recovery notification process is terminated. In step S16, specifically, the control unit 12 determines whether or not a power failure has occurred based on whether or not a power failure has been notified from the weighing unit 14 while waiting in step S15.
　停電していない場合（ステップＳ１６　Ｎｏ）、スマートメーター１は、コンセントレーター２に向けて復電通知を送信し（ステップＳ１７）、復電通知処理を終了する。具体的には、制御部１２が、保持している復電事象を基に、復電が発生した時刻を含む復電通知を生成し、通信部１１を介してコンセントレーター２に向けて復電通知を送信する。このとき、未送信の停電事象および復電事象がある場合には、復電通知に含めて送信してもよい。制御部１２は、復電通知を送信すると、復電通知を通知済みであることを記憶する。例えば、保持している復電事象に通知済みであることを示す情報を付加する。復電通知は、どのような形式の信号であってもよいが、例えば、ネットワークヘッダとペイロードで構成され、ペイロードに、アプリケーションのヘッダとして復電通知であることを示す情報が格納され、アプリケーションのデータとして復電が発生した時刻が格納される。なお、制御部１２に保持される停電事象および復電事象は、対応する通知が送信された後に削除されてもよい。または、制御部１２に保持される停電事象および復電事象は、記憶されてから一定時間経過後、または停電事象および復電事象のデータ量が一定量以上となった場合に、発生時刻の古い順に一部が消去されてもよい。 If there is no power failure (No in step S16), the smart meter 1 transmits a power recovery notification to the concentrator 2 (step S17), and ends the power recovery notification process. Specifically, the control unit 12 generates a power recovery notification including the time when the power recovery occurred based on the stored power recovery event, and returns the power to the concentrator 2 via the communication unit 11. Send a notification. At this time, if there are unsent power failure events and power recovery events, they may be included in the power recovery notification and transmitted. When transmitting the power recovery notification, the control unit 12 stores that the power recovery notification has been notified. For example, information indicating that notification of a held power recovery event has been made is added. The power recovery notification may be any type of signal. For example, the power recovery notification is composed of a network header and a payload, and information indicating the power recovery notification is stored in the payload as an application header. The time when power recovery occurred is stored as data. Note that the power failure event and the power recovery event held in the control unit 12 may be deleted after the corresponding notification is transmitted. Alternatively, the power failure event and the power recovery event held in the control unit 12 have an old generation time after a predetermined time has elapsed since they were stored, or when the data amount of the power failure event and the power recovery event exceeds a certain amount. A part may be erased in order.
　以上のように、制御部１２は、復電の発生を検出してから、ランダムに定められた時間である第２の時間が経過した後、復電が発生したことを示す復電通知を生成する。通信部１１は、制御部１２により生成された復電通知を送信する。詳細には、制御部１２は、復電の発生を検出してから、第２の時間が経過した後、停電しているか否かを判断し、停電していない場合に復電通知を生成し、停電している場合に復電通知を生成しない。 As described above, after detecting the occurrence of power recovery, the control unit 12 generates a power recovery notification indicating that power recovery has occurred after a second time, which is a randomly determined time, has elapsed. To do. The communication unit 11 transmits the power recovery notification generated by the control unit 12. Specifically, after detecting the occurrence of power recovery, the control unit 12 determines whether or not a power failure has occurred after the second time has elapsed, and generates a power recovery notification if there is no power failure. Do not generate power recovery notification when there is a power failure.
　図１１は、本実施の形態の復電通知処理の効果を示す図である。図１１では、２０秒間の停電の後に復電し、復電から５秒後に再び５秒間停電し、この停電の復電から５秒後に５秒停電し、この停電の復電から５秒後に復電した例を示している。このような場合、停電および復電を検出すると固定時間後にそれぞれ停電通知および復電通知を送信する比較例では、停電通知（図１１ではＰＯＮと略す）および復電通知（図１１ではＰＲＮと略す）がそれぞれ３回送信されることになる。本実施の形態のスマートメーター１における第１の時間が１０秒であり第２の時間が２０秒であった場合、本実施の形態のスマートメーター１は、図１１に示すように、停電通知および復電通知を１回ずつ送信することになる。このように、本実施の形態では、比較例に比べて停電通知の送信頻度を抑制することができる。なお、図１１の本実施の形態の復電通知には、未送信の復電事象および停電事象が含まれるため、３回の復電事象と２回の停電事象とが含まれる。したがって、本実施の形態の復電通知は、３つの復電通知と２つの停電通知に対応する情報を含むことになる。これにより、本実施の形態では、比較例に比べて、復電通知および停電通知の送信頻度を低下させることができる。 FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the power recovery notification process according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 11, power is restored after a power failure of 20 seconds, power is restored for 5 seconds after power failure, power is restored for 5 seconds after power failure, and power is restored 5 seconds after power failure. An example of electrification is shown. In such a case, in the comparative example in which a power failure notification and a power recovery notification are transmitted after a fixed time when a power failure and power recovery are detected, a power failure notification (abbreviated as PON in FIG. 11) and a power recovery notification (abbreviated as PRN in FIG. 11). ) Is transmitted three times. When the first time in the smart meter 1 of the present embodiment is 10 seconds and the second time is 20 seconds, the smart meter 1 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. The power recovery notification will be sent once. Thus, in this Embodiment, the transmission frequency of a power failure notification can be suppressed compared with a comparative example. Note that the power recovery notification of the present embodiment in FIG. 11 includes unsent power recovery events and power outage events, and therefore includes three power recovery events and two power outage events. Therefore, the power recovery notification of the present embodiment includes information corresponding to three power recovery notifications and two power outage notifications. Thereby, in this Embodiment, compared with a comparative example, the transmission frequency of a power recovery notification and a power failure notification can be reduced.
　図１２は、本実施の形態の検針システム９における停電および復電時の動作の一例を示すチャート図である。スマートメーター１における各処理は、図８および図１０で述べた処理を同様であり、各ステップには図８および図１０と同一のステップ番号を付与している。スマートメーター１における各処理は上述したため説明を省略する。本実施の形態では、ヘッドエンドシステム３が受信する頻度を抑制するために、コンセントレーター２が複数の停電通知および復電通知を集約して送信する。このとき、定期収集される計量結果と停電通知および復電通知とは緊急性が異なるため、計量結果と停電通知および復電通知とは別の通知グループとして集約される。停電通知と復電通知とはまとめて同じ通知グループとして集約される。例えば、一定時間内に受信した停電通知と復電通知とはまとめて送信される。本実施の形態では、スマートメーター１はランダム時間待機して停電通知を送信しているので、短時間の停電の場合でも停電通知が通知される場合がある。一方、検針システム９が停電管理システム５へ停電通知を送信する際には、メンテナンス等により発生する停電については送信する必要がない場合がある。すなわち、メンテナンス用の停電を判定するための閾値以下の停電時間の停電については停電管理システム５へ通知する必要のない場合がある。ここでは、メンテナンス用の停電を判定するための閾値Ｔｍが定められているとし、メータデータ管理システム４は、停電時間がＴｍ秒以下の場合には、停電通知を停電管理システム５へ送信せず、停電時間がＴｍ秒を超える場合に停電通知を停電管理システム５へ送信する。これにより、短時間の停電に対応する停電通知をメータデータ管理システム４から停電管理システム５へ送信することを防ぐことができる。 FIG. 12 is a chart showing an example of operation during power failure and power recovery in the meter reading system 9 of the present embodiment. Each process in the smart meter 1 is the same as the process described in FIG. 8 and FIG. 10, and the same step numbers as those in FIG. 8 and FIG. Since each process in the smart meter 1 has been described above, a description thereof will be omitted. In the present embodiment, the concentrator 2 aggregates and transmits a plurality of power failure notifications and power recovery notifications in order to suppress the frequency of reception by the headend system 3. At this time, since the urgency is different between the regularly collected measurement result, the power failure notification, and the power recovery notification, the measurement result, the power failure notification, and the power recovery notification are collected as separate notification groups. The power failure notification and the power recovery notification are collected together as the same notification group. For example, a power failure notification and a power recovery notification received within a certain time are transmitted together. In this embodiment, since the smart meter 1 waits for a random time and transmits a power failure notification, the power failure notification may be notified even in the case of a short power failure. On the other hand, when the meter reading system 9 transmits a power failure notification to the power failure management system 5, it may not be necessary to transmit a power failure that occurs due to maintenance or the like. That is, there is a case where it is not necessary to notify the power failure management system 5 about a power failure with a power failure time equal to or less than a threshold for determining a power failure for maintenance. Here, it is assumed that a threshold Tm for determining a power failure for maintenance is determined, and the meter data management system 4 does not transmit a power failure notification to the power failure management system 5 when the power failure time is Tm seconds or less. When a power failure time exceeds Tm seconds, a power failure notification is transmitted to the power failure management system 5. Thereby, it is possible to prevent a power failure notification corresponding to a short time power failure from being transmitted from the meter data management system 4 to the power failure management system 5.
　図１２に示すように、コンセントレーター２は、エリア内で停電が発生すると、エリア内の複数のスマートメーター１から停電通知を受信することになる（ステップＳ６）。なお、図１２のＳＭは、スマートメーターの略である。 As shown in FIG. 12, when a power failure occurs in the area, the concentrator 2 receives a power failure notification from a plurality of smart meters 1 in the area (step S6). Note that SM in FIG. 12 is an abbreviation for smart meter.
　コンセントレーター２は、複数のスマートメーター１から受信した停電通知を１つの停電通知に集約し（ステップＳ２１）、集約した停電通知をヘッドエンドシステム３へ送信する（ステップＳ２２）。すなわち、コンセントレーター２は、ヘッドエンドシステム３を介して、集約した停電通知をメータデータ管理システム４へ送信する。例えば、ヘッドエンドシステム３は、１０秒間に受信した停電電通知を１つに通知に集約する。ヘッドエンドシステム３は、コンセントレーター２から停電通知を受信すると、受信した停電通知をメータデータ管理システム４へ送信する（ステップＳ２５）。メータデータ管理システム４は、停電通知を受信すると、停電通知を保持して一定時間待機する。 The concentrator 2 aggregates the power failure notifications received from the plurality of smart meters 1 into one power failure notification (step S21), and transmits the consolidated power failure notification to the headend system 3 (step S22). That is, the concentrator 2 transmits the aggregated power failure notification to the meter data management system 4 via the head end system 3. For example, the headend system 3 consolidates the power outage notifications received in 10 seconds into one notification. When the head end system 3 receives the power failure notification from the concentrator 2, the head end system 3 transmits the received power failure notification to the meter data management system 4 (step S25). When the meter data management system 4 receives the power failure notification, the meter data management system 4 holds the power failure notification and stands by for a predetermined time.
　エリア内で復電すると、エリア内の複数のスマートメーター１から復電通知を受信することになる（ステップＳ１７）。コンセントレーター２は、複数のスマートメーター１から受信した復電通知を１つの復電通知に集約し（ステップＳ２３）、集約した復電通知をヘッドエンドシステム３へ送信する（ステップＳ２４）。例えば、ヘッドエンドシステム３は、１０秒間に受信した復電通知を１つに通知に集約する。ヘッドエンドシステム３は、コンセントレーター２から復電通知を受信すると、受信した復電通知をメータデータ管理システム４へ送信する（ステップＳ２６）。 When power is restored in the area, a power restoration notification is received from a plurality of smart meters 1 in the area (step S17). The concentrator 2 aggregates the power recovery notifications received from the plurality of smart meters 1 into one power recovery notification (step S23), and transmits the consolidated power recovery notification to the headend system 3 (step S24). For example, the headend system 3 collects the power recovery notifications received in 10 seconds into one notification. When receiving the power recovery notification from the concentrator 2, the head end system 3 transmits the received power recovery notification to the meter data management system 4 (step S26).
　メータデータ管理システム４は、ステップＳ２５で受信した停電通知の送信元と同一のスマートメーター１から復電通知を受信すると、受信したときのフィルタ用タイマーの状態とに基づいてフィルタ処理を実施する（ステップＳ２７）。このフィルタ処理は、停電管理部４３が、実施する処理である。停電管理部４３は、ステップＳ２７では、停電通知を受信するとＴｍ秒を計測するためのフィルタ用タイマーによる計測を開始し、フィルタ用タイマーの満了前に、復電通知を受信した場合には、停電時間がＴｍ秒以下と判定して、停電通知を送信すると判定する。一方、停電管理部４３は、フィルタ用タイマーの満了するまでに復電通知を受信しない場合には、停電時間がＴｍ秒を超えると判断し、停電通知を送信すると判定する。すなわち、本実施の形態では、停電管理部４３は、停電通知を受信した時刻とから復電通知を受信した時刻とに基づいて停電時間を推定していることになる。図１１に示した例では、フィルタ処理により停電管理システム５へ停電通知を送信すると判定された例を示しており、停電通知が停電管理システム５へ送信される（ステップＳ２８）。この停電通知には、復電通知の内容が含まれる。 When the meter data management system 4 receives the power recovery notification from the same smart meter 1 as the transmission source of the power failure notification received in step S25, the meter data management system 4 performs the filtering process based on the state of the filter timer at the time of reception ( Step S27). This filtering process is performed by the power failure management unit 43. In step S27, the power failure management unit 43 starts measurement by a filter timer for measuring Tm seconds upon receipt of the power failure notification, and if a power recovery notification is received before the filter timer expires, It is determined that the time is Tm seconds or less and a power failure notification is transmitted. On the other hand, when the power failure management unit 43 does not receive the power recovery notification before the filter timer expires, the power failure management unit 43 determines that the power failure time exceeds Tm seconds and determines to transmit the power failure notification. That is, in this embodiment, the power failure management unit 43 estimates the power failure time based on the time when the power failure notification is received and the time when the power recovery notification is received. The example illustrated in FIG. 11 illustrates an example in which it is determined that the power failure notification is transmitted to the power failure management system 5 by the filtering process, and the power failure notification is transmitted to the power failure management system 5 (step S28). This power failure notification includes the contents of the power recovery notification.
　また、メータデータ管理システム４は、停電通知を受信してから一定時間を経過するまでの間に、停電通知の送信元と同じスマートメーター１に対応する復電通知を受信した場合も、停電通知の送信を行わないようにしてもよい。具体的には、停電管理部４３は、一定時間を計測するタイマーであるフィルタ用タイマーが満了していなければ停電管理システム５へ停電通知を送信しないと判定する。すなわち、停電管理部４３は、停電通知を受信してから一定時間が経過するまでの間に復電通知を受信したか否かに基づいて停電管理システム５へ停電通知を送信するか否かを判定する処理である。この一定時間は、上述したＴｍ秒であってもよいし、Ｔｍ秒と異なる値であってもよい。 The meter data management system 4 also receives a power failure notification when a power recovery notification corresponding to the same smart meter 1 as the power failure notification transmission source is received after a certain time elapses after the power failure notification is received. May not be transmitted. Specifically, the power failure management unit 43 determines that a power failure notification is not transmitted to the power failure management system 5 unless a filter timer that is a timer for measuring a certain time has expired. That is, the power failure management unit 43 determines whether or not to transmit a power failure notification to the power failure management system 5 based on whether or not a power recovery notification is received after a certain time elapses after the power failure notification is received. This is a process for determining. This fixed time may be the above-described Tm seconds or a value different from Tm seconds.
　以上のように、本実施の形態では、スマートメーター１による停電通知および復電通知の送信の抑制とメータデータ管理システム４による停電通知の抑制との両方を行うようにした。図１３～図１５は、スマートメーター１およびメータデータ管理システム４による停電通知の抑制の具体例を示す図である。図１３は、スマートメーター１において、ランダム時間を計測するための分散送信用のタイマーが満了し、ランダム時間が経過するまでに復電が生じずに、停電通知が送信された例を示している。また図１３では、メータデータ管理システム４において、停電通知を受信してからフィルタ用タイマーが満了後に停電通知が受信されフィルタ処理により停電通知を送信すると判定された例を示している。この場合、停電通知は、メータデータ管理システム４から停電管理システム５へ送信される。 As described above, in this embodiment, both suppression of power failure notification and power recovery notification by the smart meter 1 and suppression of power failure notification by the meter data management system 4 are performed. FIGS. 13 to 15 are diagrams showing specific examples of suppression of power failure notification by the smart meter 1 and the meter data management system 4. FIG. 13 shows an example in the smart meter 1 in which a distributed power transmission timer for measuring random time expires and a power failure notification is transmitted without power recovery until the random time elapses. . FIG. 13 shows an example in which the meter data management system 4 determines that the power failure notification is received and the power failure notification is transmitted by the filter process after the filter timer expires after receiving the power failure notification. In this case, the power failure notification is transmitted from the meter data management system 4 to the power failure management system 5.
　図１４は、スマートメーター１において、ランダム時間を計測するための分散送信用のタイマーが満了するまでの間に復電したことにより、停電通知が送信されない例を示している。図１５は、スマートメーター１において、ランダム時間を計測するための分散送信用のタイマーが満了し、ランダム時間が経過するまでに復電が生じずに、停電通知が送信され、メータデータ管理システム４において、停電通知を受信してからフィルタ用タイマーが満了するまでの間に復電通知を受信した例を示している。この場合、停電通知は、メータデータ管理システム４から停電管理システム５へ送信されない。 FIG. 14 shows an example in which the power failure notification is not transmitted in the smart meter 1 due to power recovery before the distributed transmission timer for measuring random time expires. FIG. 15 shows that in the smart meter 1, the distributed transmission timer for measuring the random time expires, a power failure notification is transmitted without a power recovery until the random time elapses, and the meter data management system 4 2 shows an example in which the power recovery notification is received after the power failure notification is received until the filter timer expires. In this case, the power failure notification is not transmitted from the meter data management system 4 to the power failure management system 5.
　なお、本実施の形態では、スマートメーター１は、停電通知の送信を抑制するようにしたが、この動作には、時間制限または回数制限を設ける。例えば、停電通知を送信せずに、記録している停電事象および復電事象が一定数となったら、復電しているか否かにかかわらず停電通知を送信する。これにより、メータデータ管理システム４におけるフィルタ処理を、停電の発生から有限の時間内に実施することができる。 In this embodiment, the smart meter 1 is configured to suppress the transmission of the power failure notification, but this operation has a time limit or a frequency limit. For example, when a predetermined number of recorded power failure events and power recovery events are transmitted without transmitting a power failure notification, the power failure notification is transmitted regardless of whether or not the power is recovered. Thereby, the filter process in the meter data management system 4 can be performed within a finite time from the occurrence of a power failure.
　また、スマートメーター１は、停電通知の送信および転送では再送制御をしないようにしてもよい。停電通知の送信および転送は、バッテリ１３により動作可能な時間内に通知を行う必要があるため、信頼性をある程度犠牲にしてもトラフィックの削減および転送時間の短縮が重要となるためである。なお、復電通知の送信および転送は、信頼性を重視して、再送制御を行う。 In addition, the smart meter 1 may not perform retransmission control in transmission and transfer of a power failure notification. This is because the transmission and transfer of the power failure notification need to be performed within a time during which the battery 13 can operate, and therefore it is important to reduce traffic and transfer time even if some reliability is sacrificed. It should be noted that retransmission control is performed with respect to reliability for the transmission and transfer of the power recovery notification.
　以上のように、本実施の形態では、スマートメーター１は、停電が発生すると、ランダム時間待機し、待機が終了しても停電が継続していた場合、停電通知を送信するようにした。これにより、停電通知の送信タイミングを分散させて輻輳を抑制することができる。さらに、ランダム時間待機している間に復電した場合には停電通知を送信しないため、ランダム時間の待機だけを行い停電通知を送信する場合に比べて、停電通知の送信頻度を低下させることができる。また、ランダム時間をバッテリ１３により通信装置１６が動作可能な時間内の範囲で定めることにより、バッテリ１３により動作可能な時間内で、停電通知を送信することができる。 As described above, in this embodiment, when a power failure occurs, the smart meter 1 waits for a random time, and transmits a power failure notification when the power failure continues even after the standby is completed. Thereby, congestion can be suppressed by distributing the transmission timing of the power failure notification. In addition, when power is restored while waiting for a random time, the power failure notification is not sent, so the frequency of power failure notification transmission may be reduced compared to sending a power failure notification only by waiting for a random time. it can. In addition, by determining the random time within a range in which the communication device 16 can operate with the battery 13, the power failure notification can be transmitted within the time in which the battery 13 can operate.
　また、スマートメーター１は、復電が発生すると、ランダム時間待機し、待機が終了しても復電が継続していた場合、復電通知を送信するようにした。これにより、停電通知と同様に復電通知による輻輳を抑制することができる。 In addition, when power recovery occurs, the smart meter 1 waits for a random time, and if power recovery continues even after standby is completed, a power recovery notification is sent. Thereby, the congestion by the power recovery notification can be suppressed similarly to the power failure notification.
実施の形態２．
　次に、本発明の実施の形態２について説明する。本実施の形態の検針システム９の構成および検針システム９を構成する各装置の構成は実施の形態１と同様である。本実施の形態では、スマートメーター１は、停電が発生すると、瞬間的な停電すなわち停電期間が一定時間以下の停電である瞬停の場合には、停電通知を送信しない。このため、スマートメーター１は、停電発生後、瞬停の判定用の一定時間である固定遅延の間待機し、待機している間に復電した場合には停電通知を送信しないと判断する。停電のなかには、瞬停すなわち一定時間以下の停電であれば、停電通知の送信が不要な場合がある。このため、本実施の形態では、スマートメーター１は、停電が発生した後、瞬断判定用の固定遅延の間待機しても復電しない場合、ランダム時間待機した後に停電通知を送信する。これにより、各スマートメーター１からの送信時間を分散させるとともに、固定遅延の時間以下の瞬間的な停電による停電通知の送信を実施の形態１に比べてより確実に抑制することができる。ただし、固定遅延の分待機時間が増えるため、バッテリ１３による動作可能な時間を実施の形態１に比べて大きくする必要がある。または、実施の形態１と同じバッテリ１３を用いる場合には、ランダム時間として確保する時間が実施の形態１と比べて短くなる。 Embodiment 2. FIG.
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. The configuration of the meter reading system 9 of the present embodiment and the configuration of each device constituting the meter reading system 9 are the same as those of the first embodiment. In the present embodiment, when a power failure occurs, the smart meter 1 does not transmit a power failure notification in the case of an instantaneous power failure, that is, an instantaneous power failure in which the power failure period is a certain time or less. For this reason, after the occurrence of a power failure, the smart meter 1 waits for a fixed delay, which is a fixed time for determining an instantaneous power failure, and determines that a power failure notification is not transmitted when power is restored while waiting. In the case of a power outage, there is a case where it is not necessary to transmit a power outage notification if the power outage is an instantaneous power failure, that is, a power outage of a certain time or less. For this reason, in the present embodiment, after a power failure occurs, the smart meter 1 transmits a power failure notification after waiting for a random time when power recovery does not occur even after waiting for a fixed delay for instantaneous interruption determination. As a result, the transmission time from each smart meter 1 can be dispersed, and the transmission of a power failure notification due to an instantaneous power failure with a fixed delay time or less can be more reliably suppressed as compared to the first embodiment. However, since the standby time increases by the fixed delay, it is necessary to increase the operable time by the battery 13 as compared with the first embodiment. Or when using the same battery 13 as Embodiment 1, the time ensured as random time becomes short compared with Embodiment 1. FIG.
　以下、実施の形態１と重複する部分の説明は省略し、実施の形態１と異なる部分を主に説明する。図１６は、本実施の形態のスマートメーター１における停電通知処理の一例を示すフローチャートである。ステップＳ１からステップＳ３は実施の形態１と同様である。ステップＳ３の後、スマートメーター１は、瞬断判定用の固定遅延の間待機する（ステップＳ７）。次に、実施の形態１と同様に、ステップＳ５を実施し、復電した場合（ステップＳ５　Ｙｅｓ）、停電通知処理を終了する。復電していない場合（ステップＳ５　Ｎｏ）、分散送信用ランダム遅延を実施する（ステップＳ８）。ステップＳ８では、具体的には、スマートメーター１は、スマートメーター１ごとに定められたランダム時間待機する。ステップＳ８の後、スマートメーター１は、実施の形態１のステップＳ６を実施する。なお、ステップＳ８の後に、スマートメーター１は、再度復電しているか否かの判定を行い、復電している場合に停電通知を送信しないようにしてもよい。 Hereinafter, the description of the parts overlapping with those of the first embodiment will be omitted, and the parts different from those of the first embodiment will be mainly described. FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing an example of a power failure notification process in the smart meter 1 of the present embodiment. Steps S1 to S3 are the same as in the first embodiment. After step S3, the smart meter 1 waits for a fixed delay for instantaneous interruption determination (step S7). Next, as in the first embodiment, step S5 is performed, and when power is restored (step S5, Yes), the power failure notification process is terminated. If power is not restored (No in step S5), a random delay for distributed transmission is performed (step S8). Specifically, in step S8, the smart meter 1 waits for a random time determined for each smart meter 1. After step S8, the smart meter 1 performs step S6 of the first embodiment. In addition, after step S8, the smart meter 1 may determine whether or not power is restored again, and may not transmit a power failure notification when power is restored.
　制御部１２は、停電の発生を検出してから、固定時間が経過した後、復電しているか否かを判断し、復電していない場合に第１の時間が経過した後に停電通知を生成し、復電している場合に停電通知を生成しない。 After detecting the occurrence of a power failure, the control unit 12 determines whether or not the power has been restored after a fixed time has elapsed. If the power has not been restored, the control unit 12 notifies the power failure after the first time has elapsed. Generate power outage notification when power is restored.
　図１７は、本実施の形態のスマートメーター１における復電通知処理の一例を示すフローチャートである。ステップＳ１１からステップＳ１４は実施の形態１と同様である。ステップＳ１４の後、スマートメーター１は、瞬断判定用の固定遅延の間待機する（ステップＳ１８）。次に、実施の形態１と同様に、ステップＳ１６を実施し、停電した場合（ステップＳ１６　Ｙｅｓ）、復電通知処理を終了する。停電していない場合（ステップＳ１６　Ｎｏ）、分散送信用ランダム遅延を実施する（ステップＳ１９）。ステップＳ１９では、具体的には、スマートメーター１は、スマートメーター１ごとに定められたランダム時間待機する。ステップＳ１９の後、スマートメーター１は、実施の形態１のステップＳ１７を実施する。なお、ステップＳ１９の後に、スマートメーター１は、再度停電しているか否かの判定を行い、停電している場合に復電通知を送信しないようにしてもよい。なお、実施の形態１で述べたように復電通知の送信時には通信装置１６はバッテリ１３により駆動されるわけではないため、復電通知を待機するための固定時間は、停電通知を待機するための固定時間より長くてよい。また、復電通知の送信を待機するためのランダム時間は、停電通知の送信を待機するためのランダム時間より長くしてもよい。以上述べた以外の本実施の形態の各装置の動作は、実施の形態１と同様である。 FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing an example of a power recovery notification process in the smart meter 1 of the present embodiment. Steps S11 to S14 are the same as in the first embodiment. After step S14, the smart meter 1 waits for a fixed delay for instantaneous interruption determination (step S18). Next, as in the first embodiment, step S16 is performed. When a power failure occurs (step S16, Yes), the power recovery notification process is terminated. When there is no power failure (No at Step S16), a random delay for distributed transmission is performed (Step S19). In step S19, specifically, the smart meter 1 waits for a random time determined for each smart meter 1. After step S19, the smart meter 1 performs step S17 of the first embodiment. In addition, after step S19, the smart meter 1 may determine whether or not a power failure has occurred again, and may not transmit a power recovery notification in the event of a power failure. As described in the first embodiment, the communication device 16 is not driven by the battery 13 when the power recovery notification is transmitted. Therefore, the fixed time for waiting for the power recovery notification is to wait for the power failure notification. Longer than the fixed time. Further, the random time for waiting for transmission of the power recovery notification may be longer than the random time for waiting for transmission of the power failure notification. The operations of the devices of the present embodiment other than those described above are the same as those of the first embodiment.
　以上のように、制御部１２は、復電の発生を検出してから、固定時間が経過した後、停電しているか否かを判断し、停電していない場合に第２の時間が経過した後に復電通知を生成し、停電している場合に復電通知を生成しない。 As described above, after detecting the occurrence of power recovery, the control unit 12 determines whether or not a power failure has occurred after a fixed time has elapsed, and if the power failure has not occurred, the second time has elapsed. A power recovery notification is generated later, and a power recovery notification is not generated when a power failure occurs.
　図１８～図２０は、本実施の形態のスマートメーター１およびメータデータ管理システム４による停電通知の抑制の具体例を示す図である。図１８は、スマートメーター１において、停電が発生してから固定時間を計測するための固定遅延タイマーが満了した時点で復電しておらず、ランダム時間を計測するための分散送信用のタイマーが満了した後に停電通知が送信される例を示している。また、図１８では、メータデータ管理システム４において、停電通知を受信してからフィルタ用タイマーが満了後に停電通知が受信されフィルタ処理により停電通知を送信すると判定された例を示している。この場合、停電通知は、メータデータ管理システム４から停電管理システム５へ送信される。 18 to 20 are diagrams showing specific examples of suppression of power failure notification by the smart meter 1 and the meter data management system 4 according to the present embodiment. FIG. 18 shows that the smart meter 1 has not recovered power when a fixed delay timer for measuring a fixed time after a power failure has occurred, and a distributed transmission timer for measuring a random time is not used. An example is shown in which a power failure notification is transmitted after expiration. FIG. 18 shows an example in which the meter data management system 4 determines that the power failure notification is received and the power failure notification is transmitted by the filtering process after the filter timer expires after receiving the power failure notification. In this case, the power failure notification is transmitted from the meter data management system 4 to the power failure management system 5.
　図１９は、スマートメーター１において、固定遅延用のタイマーが満了するまでの間に復電したことにより、停電通知が送信されない例を示している。図２０は、スマートメーター１において、停電が発生してから固定時間を計測するための固定遅延タイマーが満了した時点で復電しておらず、ランダム時間を計測するための分散送信用のタイマーが満了した後に停電通知が送信される例を示している。また、図２０では、メータデータ管理システム４において、停電通知を受信してからフィルタ用タイマーが満了するまでの間に復電通知を受信した例を示している。この場合、停電通知は、メータデータ管理システム４から停電管理システム５へ送信されない。 FIG. 19 shows an example in which the power failure notification is not transmitted in the smart meter 1 because power is restored before the fixed delay timer expires. FIG. 20 shows that, in the smart meter 1, power is not restored when a fixed delay timer for measuring a fixed time after a power failure occurs, and a timer for distributed transmission for measuring a random time is not provided. An example is shown in which a power failure notification is transmitted after expiration. FIG. 20 shows an example in which the meter data management system 4 receives the power recovery notification after receiving the power failure notification and before the filter timer expires. In this case, the power failure notification is not transmitted from the meter data management system 4 to the power failure management system 5.
　実施の形態１のスマートメーターにおいても、ランダムな時間待機することにより、瞬停による停電通知の送信はある程度抑制することができるが瞬停の場合も停電通知が送信される場合もある。本実施の形態では、実施の形態１に比べて瞬停による停電通知の送信を確実に抑制することができる。 Even in the smart meter according to the first embodiment, transmission of a power failure notification due to a momentary power failure can be suppressed to some extent by waiting for a random time, but a power failure notification may be transmitted even in the case of a momentary power failure. In the present embodiment, it is possible to reliably suppress the transmission of a power failure notification due to a momentary power failure as compared with the first embodiment.
　以上のように、本実施の形態では、停電が発生すると固定時間の間待機し、待機している間に復電した場合には停電通知を送信しないと判断する。また、本実施の形態では、スマートメーター１は、停電が発生した後、固定時間の間待機しても復電しない場合、ランダム時間待機した後に停電通知を送信する。これにより、各スマートメーターからの送信時間を分散させるとともに、固定遅延の時間以下の瞬間的な停電による停電通知の送信を実施の形態１に比べてより確実に抑制することができる。 As described above, in this embodiment, when a power failure occurs, the system waits for a fixed time, and determines that a power failure notification is not transmitted when power is restored while waiting. Further, in the present embodiment, after a power failure occurs, the smart meter 1 transmits a power failure notification after waiting for a random time, when the power does not recover even after waiting for a fixed time. As a result, the transmission time from each smart meter can be dispersed, and the transmission of a power failure notification due to an instantaneous power failure with a fixed delay time or less can be more reliably suppressed as compared with the first embodiment.
　また、本実施の形態では、復電が発生すると固定時間の間待機し、待機している間に停電した場合には復電通知を送信しないと判断する。また、本実施の形態では、スマートメーター１は、復電が発生した後、固定時間の間待機しても停電しない場合、ランダム時間待機した後に復電通知を送信する。これにより、各スマートメーターからの送信時間を分散させるとともに、固定時間以下の短時間の復電による復電通知の送信を実施の形態１に比べてより確実に抑制することができる。 Also, in this embodiment, when a power recovery occurs, the system waits for a fixed time, and determines that a power recovery notification is not transmitted if a power failure occurs while waiting. Further, in the present embodiment, after a power recovery occurs, the smart meter 1 transmits a power recovery notification after waiting for a random time if there is no power outage even after waiting for a fixed time. As a result, the transmission time from each smart meter can be dispersed, and the transmission of a power recovery notification by a short power recovery of a fixed time or less can be more reliably suppressed as compared to the first embodiment.
実施の形態３．
　次に、実施の形態３について説明する。本実施の形態では、メータデータ管理システム４におけるフィルタ処理の具体例を説明する。本実施の形態の検針システム９の構成および検針システム９を構成する各装置の構成は実施の形態１と同様である。以下、実施の形態１と重複する部分の説明は省略し、実施の形態１と異なる部分を主に説明する。 Embodiment 3 FIG.
Next, Embodiment 3 will be described. In the present embodiment, a specific example of filter processing in the meter data management system 4 will be described. The configuration of the meter reading system 9 of the present embodiment and the configuration of each device constituting the meter reading system 9 are the same as those of the first embodiment. Hereinafter, the description of the part which overlaps with Embodiment 1 is abbreviate | omitted, and a different part from Embodiment 1 is mainly demonstrated.
　実施の形態１および実施の形態２では、スマートメーター１において、停電通知および復電通知の送信を抑制した。実施の形態１で述べたように、検針システム９が停電管理システム５へ停電通知を送信する際には、停電時間がＴｍ以下の場合には通知を行う必要がない場合がある。実施の形態１では、メータデータ管理装置４が、停電通知を受信した時刻とから復電通知を受信した時刻とに基づいて停電時間を推定することによりフィルタ処理を行う例を説明した。一方、スマートメーター１からメータデータ管理システム４までの通信路においてパケットロスが発生して、スマートメーター１から送信された停電通知および復電通知のうちの少なくとも１つがメータデータ管理システム４へ到着しない場合がある。また、バッテリ１３により動作可能な時間を超える停電が発生した場合、通信装置１６の電源が断となり、復電後には通信装置１６が起動してコンセントレーター２までの経路が有効となるまでにある程度の時間を要し、復電してもすぐには復電通知を送信できない場合がある。コンセントレーター２までの経路が有効となるとは、スマートメーター１が経路制御プロトコルに従ってコンセントレーター２への経路に関する経路情報を取得して、コンセントレーター２との間で通信ができるようになることを示す。このような場合、検針システム９から停電管理システム５への停電通知の送信が遅れることになる。本実施の形態では、以上述べた場合を考慮して、メータデータ管理システム４が停電管理システム５へ、できるだけ適切に停電通知および復電通知を送信できるようなフィルタ処理を実施する。 In the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the smart meter 1 suppresses transmission of a power failure notification and a power recovery notification. As described in the first embodiment, when the meter reading system 9 transmits a power failure notification to the power failure management system 5, it may not be necessary to notify when the power failure time is Tm or less. In the first embodiment, the example in which the meter data management device 4 performs the filtering process by estimating the power failure time based on the time when the power failure notification is received and the time when the power recovery notification is received has been described. On the other hand, a packet loss occurs in the communication path from the smart meter 1 to the meter data management system 4, and at least one of the power failure notification and power recovery notification transmitted from the smart meter 1 does not arrive at the meter data management system 4. There is a case. Further, when a power outage exceeding the operable time by the battery 13 occurs, the communication device 16 is powered off, and after the power is restored, the communication device 16 is activated and the route to the concentrator 2 becomes valid to some extent. In some cases, a power recovery notification cannot be sent immediately after power recovery. When the route to the concentrator 2 becomes valid, it indicates that the smart meter 1 acquires route information regarding the route to the concentrator 2 according to the route control protocol and can communicate with the concentrator 2. . In such a case, transmission of the power failure notification from the meter reading system 9 to the power failure management system 5 is delayed. In the present embodiment, in consideration of the case described above, filter processing is performed so that the meter data management system 4 can transmit the power failure notification and power recovery notification to the power failure management system 5 as appropriately as possible.
　本実施の形態におけるメータデータ管理システム４のフィルタ処理を実現するために、本実施の形態のスマートメーター１は、停電ごとに停電識別番号を付与する。例えば、スマートメーター１は、図８に示したステップＳ３の停電事象の記録の際に、発生した停電に停電識別番号を付与し、停電時刻と、停電識別番号と、停電が発生したことを示す情報とを記録する。また、スマートメーター１は、図１０に示したステップＳ１４の復電事象の記録の際に、復電時刻と、発生した復電に対応する停電の停電識別番号と、復電が発生したことを示す情報とを記録する。なお、スマートメーター１は、発生した復電に対応する停電の停電識別番号としては、保持している停電事象のうち直近の停電の停電識別番号を用いることができる。そして、スマートメーター１は、停電通知、または復電通知を送信する際に、対応する停電識別番号も通知に含めて送信する。 In order to realize the filter processing of the meter data management system 4 in the present embodiment, the smart meter 1 of the present embodiment gives a power failure identification number for each power failure. For example, the smart meter 1 gives a power outage identification number to the generated power outage when recording the power outage event in step S3 shown in FIG. 8, and indicates that the power outage time, the power outage identification number, and the power outage occurred. Record information. Further, the smart meter 1 records the power recovery time, the power outage identification number of the power outage corresponding to the generated power recovery, and the fact that the power recovery has occurred at the time of recording the power recovery event in step S14 shown in FIG. Information to be recorded. The smart meter 1 can use the power outage identification number of the most recent power outage among the power outage events held as the power outage identification number of the power outage corresponding to the power recovery that has occurred. Then, when the smart meter 1 transmits a power failure notification or a power recovery notification, the smart meter 1 also transmits the corresponding power failure identification number in the notification.
　すなわち、制御部１２は、停電の発生を検出すると、停電の発生した時刻と停電が発生したことを示す情報とを停電事象として保持し、復電の発生を検出すると、復電の発生した時刻と復電が発生したことを示す情報とを復電事象として保持する。また、制御部１２は、停電通知の生成時に、未送信の停電事象および未送信の復電事象のうちの少なくとも１つである未送信事象がある場合、該未送信事象を停電通知に含める。また、制御部１２は、復電通知の生成時に、未送信の停電事象および未送信の復電事象のうちの少なくとも１つである未送信事象がある場合、該未送信事象を復電通知に含める。 That is, when the occurrence of a power failure is detected, the control unit 12 holds the time when the power failure occurs and information indicating that the power failure has occurred as a power failure event, and when the occurrence of power recovery is detected, the time when the power recovery occurs And information indicating that power recovery has occurred are stored as power recovery events. When there is an unsent event that is at least one of an unsent power failure event and an unsent power recovery event when the power failure notification is generated, the control unit 12 includes the unsent event in the power failure notification. In addition, when there is an unsent event that is at least one of an unsent power outage event and an unsent power recovery event at the time of generating the power recovery notification, the control unit 12 sets the unsent event as a power recovery notification. include.
　図２１は、実施の形態３の停電通知に格納される情報の一例を示す図である。図２１に示すように、停電通知には、停電または復電の発生した時刻である時刻と、停電識別番号と、停電または復電のいずれであるかを示す情報（図２１では、停電／復電と記載）とが格納される。図２１では、停電識別番号が１の停電については、実施の形態１の停電通知処理により停電通知を送信しないと判定され、停電識別番号が２の停電については、実施の形態１の停電通知処理により停電通知を送信すると判定された例を示している。この場合、実施の形態１で述べた通り、未送信の停電および復電事象も、停電識別番号が２の停電の停電通知に含めて送信される。したがって、図２１に示した例では、停電識別番号が１の停電および復電の停電識別番号および発生時刻についても停電通知に格納される。以上述べた以外のスマートメーター１の動作は、実施の形態１と同様である。また、本実施の形態のコンセントレーター２およびヘッドエンドシステム３の動作は実施の形態１と同様である。 FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of information stored in the power failure notification according to the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 21, the power failure notification includes the time when the power failure or power recovery occurred, the power failure identification number, and information indicating whether the power failure or power recovery (in FIG. 21, the power failure / recovery). Is stored). In FIG. 21, it is determined that the power failure notification is not transmitted by the power failure notification process of the first embodiment for the power failure having the power failure identification number 1, and the power failure notification process of the first embodiment is performed for the power failure having the power failure identification number 2. Shows an example in which it is determined to transmit a power failure notification. In this case, as described in the first embodiment, unsent power failure and power recovery event are also included in the power failure notification of power failure with power failure identification number 2. Therefore, in the example shown in FIG. 21, the power failure identification number and the power failure identification number and the occurrence time of the power failure identification number 1 are also stored in the power failure notification. The operations of the smart meter 1 other than those described above are the same as those in the first embodiment. The operations of the concentrator 2 and the head end system 3 of the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.
　本実施の形態では、メータデータ管理システム４は、停電通知を受信するとすぐに停電通知を停電管理システム５へ送信せずに、あらかじめ定めた復電通知待ち時間が経過するまでの間、該停電通知の送信元のスマートメーター１からの復電通知の受信を待機する。なお、復電通知待ち時間は変更可能であってもよい。メータデータ管理システム４は、停電通知を受信してから復電通知待ち時間が経過するまでの間に、該停電通知の送信元のスマートメーター１から復電通知を受信しない場合、停電通知を停電管理システム５へ送信する。また、メータデータ管理システム４は、停電通知を受信してから復電通知待ち時間が経過する前に該停電通知の送信元のスマートメーター１から復電通知を受信すると、停電時間判定処理を実施する。停電時間判定処理では、停電時間が閾値より長いか否かを判定し、メータデータ管理システム４は、停電時間が閾値より長い場合に停電通知を停電管理システム５へ送信する。停電時間判定処理により停電時間が閾値以下であると判定された場合、メータデータ管理システム４は、該停電通知を停電管理システム５へ送信しない。 In the present embodiment, the meter data management system 4 does not transmit the power failure notification to the power failure management system 5 as soon as the power failure notification is received, and continues until the predetermined power recovery notification waiting time elapses. It waits for the receipt of the power recovery notification from the smart meter 1 of the notification transmission source. The power recovery notification waiting time may be changeable. If the meter data management system 4 does not receive a power recovery notification from the smart meter 1 that is the transmission source of the power failure notification after the power failure notification wait time elapses after the power failure notification is received, the meter data management system 4 Transmit to the management system 5. Further, when the meter data management system 4 receives a power recovery notification from the smart meter 1 that has transmitted the power failure notification before the power recovery notification waiting time elapses after the power failure notification is received, the meter data management system 4 performs a power failure time determination process. To do. In the power failure time determination process, it is determined whether or not the power failure time is longer than a threshold value, and the meter data management system 4 transmits a power failure notification to the power failure management system 5 when the power failure time is longer than the threshold value. If the power failure time determination process determines that the power failure time is equal to or less than the threshold, the meter data management system 4 does not transmit the power failure notification to the power failure management system 5.
　上記のように、復電通知待ち時間が経過した場合には、復電通知の受信を待たずに、停電時間判定処理へ移行することにより、パケットロスまたは通信装置１６の電源断による復電通知の遅延が生じた場合にも、停電通知を送信する場合のメータデータ管理システム４における停電通知の滞留時間を復電通知待ち時間と同程度に抑えることができる。また、メータデータ管理システム４は、復電通知については、対応する停電通知を送信済みの場合に、復電通知を停電管理システム５へ送信し、対応する停電通知を送信していない場合には復電通知を停電管理システム５へ送信しない。 As described above, when the power recovery notification waiting time elapses, the power recovery time notification process is performed without waiting for the power recovery notification to be received. In the case where the power failure notification occurs, the residence time of the power failure notification in the meter data management system 4 when the power failure notification is transmitted can be suppressed to the same level as the power recovery notification waiting time. Further, the meter data management system 4 transmits a power failure notification to the power failure management system 5 when a corresponding power failure notification has been transmitted, and does not transmit a corresponding power failure notification. The power recovery notification is not transmitted to the power failure management system 5.
　図２２は、本実施の形態のメータデータ管理システム４の停電管理部４３におけるフィルタ処理手順の一例を示すフローチャートである。図２２に示すように、停電管理部４３は、停電通知を受信する（ステップＳ７１）と、タイマーの計測を開始する（ステップＳ７２）。このタイマーは、復電通知待ち時間を計測するためのタイマーである。詳細には、ステップＳ７１では、停電管理部４３は、通信部４１を介して、コンセントレーター２およびヘッドエンドシステム３を経由したスマートメーター１からの停電通知を受信する。 FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a filtering process procedure in the power failure management unit 43 of the meter data management system 4 according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 22, when the power failure management unit 43 receives a power failure notification (step S71), the power failure management unit 43 starts measuring a timer (step S72). This timer is a timer for measuring the power recovery notification waiting time. Specifically, in step S <b> 71, the power failure management unit 43 receives a power failure notification from the smart meter 1 via the concentrator 2 and the headend system 3 via the communication unit 41.
　停電管理部４３は、停電通知に対応する復電通知を受信したか否かを判断する（ステップＳ７３）。詳細には、ステップＳ７３では、停電管理部４３は、通信部４１を介して、コンセントレーター２およびヘッドエンドシステム３を経由したスマートメーター１からの復電通知を受信したか否かを判断する。停電通知に対応する復電通知を受信した場合（ステップＳ７３　Ｙｅｓ）、停電管理部４３は、停電時間がＴｍより長いか否かを判定する（ステップＳ７４）。ステップＳ７４の判定が停電時間判定処理である。詳細には、停電管理部４３は、停電の発生時刻と該停電に対応する復電の発生時刻とに基づいて、停電時間を算出し、算出した停電時間がＴｍより長いか否かを判断する。具体的には、復電の発生時刻から停電の発生時刻を減算した時間が停電時間である。 The power failure management unit 43 determines whether or not a power recovery notification corresponding to the power failure notification is received (step S73). Specifically, in step S <b> 73, the power failure management unit 43 determines whether a power recovery notification from the smart meter 1 via the concentrator 2 and the headend system 3 is received via the communication unit 41. When the power recovery notification corresponding to the power failure notification is received (step S73, Yes), the power failure management unit 43 determines whether or not the power failure time is longer than Tm (step S74). The determination in step S74 is a power failure time determination process. Specifically, the power failure management unit 43 calculates a power failure time based on the time of occurrence of the power failure and the time of occurrence of the power recovery corresponding to the power failure, and determines whether or not the calculated power failure time is longer than Tm. . Specifically, the power failure time is the time obtained by subtracting the power failure occurrence time from the power recovery occurrence time.
　停電時間がＴｍより長い場合（ステップＳ７４　Ｙｅｓ）、停電管理部４３は、ステップＳ７１で受信した停電通知を、通信部４１を介して停電管理システム５へ送信し（ステップＳ７５）、フィルタ処理を終了する。 When the power failure time is longer than Tm (Yes in step S74), the power failure management unit 43 transmits the power failure notification received in step S71 to the power failure management system 5 via the communication unit 41 (step S75), and ends the filtering process. To do.
　ステップＳ７３で、停電通知に対応する復電通知を受信していないと判定した場合（ステップＳ７３　Ｎｏ）、停電管理部４３は、タイマーが満了したか否かを判定する（ステップＳ７６）。タイマーが満了していない場合（ステップＳ７６　Ｎｏ）、停電管理部４３は、ステップＳ７３からの処理を再度実施する。タイマーが満了した場合（ステップＳ７６　Ｙｅｓ）、停電管理部４３は、処理をステップＳ７５へ進める。 If it is determined in step S73 that the power recovery notification corresponding to the power failure notification has not been received (No in step S73), the power failure management unit 43 determines whether or not the timer has expired (step S76). When the timer has not expired (No at Step S76), the power failure management unit 43 performs the processing from Step S73 again. When the timer has expired (step S76 Yes), the power failure management unit 43 advances the process to step S75.
　また、ステップＳ７４で停電時間がＴｍ以下の場合（ステップＳ７４　Ｎｏ）、停電管理部４３は、フィルタ処理を終了する。すなわち、停電時間がＴｍ以下の場合、停電管理部４３は、停電通知を停電管理システム５へ送信しない。 Further, when the power failure time is equal to or shorter than Tm in step S74 (No in step S74), the power failure management unit 43 ends the filtering process. That is, when the power failure time is Tm or less, the power failure management unit 43 does not transmit a power failure notification to the power failure management system 5.
　図２３から図２５は、本実施の形態の検針システム９の動作例を示すチャート図である。図２３は、停電識別番号が１の停電の停電時間がＴｍより長く、通信装置１６の電源の断が発生しない場合の動作例を示している。 23 to 25 are charts showing an operation example of the meter reading system 9 of the present embodiment. FIG. 23 shows an operation example in the case where the power failure time of the power failure with the power failure identification number 1 is longer than Tm and the communication device 16 is not turned off.
　図２３に示すように、スマートメーター１では、停電が発生し、この停電の停電識別番号に１を付与したとする（ステップＳ５１）。図２３では、停電識別番号が１の停電を「停電（１）」と記載している。また、停電識別番号が１の停電の発生時刻をＴｐｏ（１）とする。スマートメーター１は、実施の形態１で述べたように、ランダム時間を計測するための分散送信用のタイマーによりランダム時間を計測し、ランダム時間の後に停電が継続している場合、Ｔｐｏ（１）と停電識別番号１とを含む停電通知であるＰＯＮ＿ＦＡＮ（１）をコンセントレーター２へ向けて送信する（ステップＳ５２）。ＰＯＮ＿ＦＡＮ（１）は、他のスマートメーター１により転送されてコンセントレーター２で受信される。なお、スマートメーター１がコンセントレーター２に隣接する場合には、ＰＯＮ＿ＦＡＮ（１）は、他のスマートメーター１により転送されずにコンセントレーター２で受信される。 23, it is assumed that a power failure has occurred in the smart meter 1 and 1 is assigned to the power failure identification number of this power failure (step S51). In FIG. 23, a power failure whose power failure identification number is 1 is described as “power failure (1)”. Further, the occurrence time of a power outage with a power outage identification number of 1 is Tpo (1). As described in the first embodiment, the smart meter 1 measures the random time using the distributed transmission timer for measuring the random time, and when power failure continues after the random time, Tpo (1) And PON_FAN (1) which is a power failure notification including the power failure identification number 1 is transmitted to the concentrator 2 (step S52). PON_FAN (1) is transferred by another smart meter 1 and received by the concentrator 2. When the smart meter 1 is adjacent to the concentrator 2, PON_FAN (1) is received by the concentrator 2 without being transferred by another smart meter 1.
　コンセントレーター２は、集約時間の間に受信した停電通知を集約して送信し（ステップＳ５３）、この停電通知はヘッドエンドシステム３によりメータデータ管理システム４へ転送される（ステップＳ５４）。メータデータ管理システム４が、ＰＯＮ＿ＦＡＮ（１）を含む集約された通知を受信した時刻をＴｐｏｎｒｘ（１）とする。Ｔｐｏｎｒｘ（１）は、Ｔｐｏ（１）に、分散送信タイマーの計測時間すなわちランダム時間と、停電が発生したスマートメーター１からコンセントレーター２へ停電通知が転送される時間である転送時間と、コンセントレーター２において通知が集約される時間である集約時間と、コンセントレーター２からメータデータ管理システム４への転送時間とが加算された時刻になる。コンセントレーター２からメータデータ管理システム４への転送時間は、一般には、他の時間に比べて極めて短いため、図２３では図示を省略している。 The concentrator 2 aggregates and transmits the power failure notification received during the aggregation time (step S53), and the power failure notification is transferred to the meter data management system 4 by the headend system 3 (step S54). The time when the meter data management system 4 receives the aggregated notification including PON_FAN (1) is assumed to be Tponrx (1). Tponrx (1) is the same as Tpo (1), the measurement time of the distributed transmission timer, that is, the random time, the transfer time when the power failure notification is transferred from the smart meter 1 where the power failure has occurred to the concentrator 2, and the concentrator 2 is the sum of the aggregation time, which is the time when notifications are aggregated, and the transfer time from the concentrator 2 to the meter data management system 4. Since the transfer time from the concentrator 2 to the meter data management system 4 is generally very short compared to other times, the illustration is omitted in FIG.
　メータデータ管理システム４は、図２２のステップＳ７２で説明した通り、タイマーの計測を開始し（ステップＳ５５）、復電通知待ち時間を計測する。 The meter data management system 4 starts measuring the timer (step S55) and measures the power recovery notification waiting time as described in step S72 of FIG.
　一方、スマートメーター１では、停電識別番号が１の停電が復旧する。すなわち、停電識別番号が１の停電に対応する復電が発生する（ステップＳ６１）。図２３では、停電識別番号が１の停電に対応する復電を「復電（１）」と記載している。停電識別番号が１の停電に対応する復電の発生時刻をＴｐｒ（１）とする。スマートメーター１は、実施の形態１で述べたように、ランダム時間を計測するための分散送信タイマーによりランダム時間を計測し、ランダム時間の後に停電していないすなわち復電が継続している場合、Ｔｐｒ（１）と停電識別番号１を含む復電通知であるＰＲＮ＿ＦＡＮ（１）をコンセントレーター２へ向けて送信する（ステップＳ６２）。ＰＲＮ＿ＦＡＮ（１）は、他のスマートメーター１により転送されてコンセントレーター２で受信される。なお、スマートメーター１がコンセントレーター２に隣接する場合には、ＰＲＮ＿ＦＡＮ（１）は、他のスマートメーター１により転送されずにコンセントレーター２で受信される。 On the other hand, in smart meter 1, the power failure with power failure identification number 1 is restored. That is, a power recovery corresponding to a power failure with a power failure identification number of 1 occurs (step S61). In FIG. 23, the power recovery corresponding to the power failure whose power failure identification number is 1 is described as “power recovery (1)”. Let Tpr (1) be the occurrence time of power recovery corresponding to a power failure whose power failure identification number is 1. As described in the first embodiment, the smart meter 1 measures the random time by the distributed transmission timer for measuring the random time, and when the power failure has not occurred after the random time, that is, when the power recovery continues, PRN_FAN (1), which is a power recovery notification including Tpr (1) and power failure identification number 1, is transmitted to the concentrator 2 (step S62). PRN_FAN (1) is transferred by another smart meter 1 and received by the concentrator 2. When the smart meter 1 is adjacent to the concentrator 2, PRN_FAN (1) is received by the concentrator 2 without being transferred by another smart meter 1.
　コンセントレーター２は、集約時間の間に受信した復電通知を集約して送信し（ステップＳ６３）、この復電通知はヘッドエンドシステム３によりメータデータ管理システム４へ転送される（ステップＳ６４）。メータデータ管理システム４が、ＰＲＮ＿ＦＡＮ（１）を含む集約された通知を受信した時刻をＴｐｒｎｒｘ（１）とする。Ｔｐｒｎｒｘ（１）は、Ｔｐｒ（１）に、分散送信タイマーの計測時間すなわちランダム時間と、停電が発生したスマートメーター１からコンセントレーター２へ停電通知が転送される時間である転送時間と、コンセントレーター２において通知が集約される時間である集約時間と、コンセントレーター２からメータデータ管理システム４への転送時間とが加算された時刻になる。 The concentrator 2 aggregates and transmits the power recovery notification received during the aggregation time (step S63), and the power recovery notification is transferred to the meter data management system 4 by the head end system 3 (step S64). The time at which the meter data management system 4 receives the aggregated notification including PRN_FAN (1) is Tprrx (1). Tprnrx (1) is the same as Tpr (1), the measurement time of the distributed transmission timer, that is, the random time, the transfer time that is the time when the power failure notification is transferred from the smart meter 1 where the power failure occurs to the concentrator 2, 2 is the sum of the aggregation time, which is the time when notifications are aggregated, and the transfer time from the concentrator 2 to the meter data management system 4.
　メータデータ管理システム４は、図２３に示した例では、復電通知待ち時間が経過するまでの間に、復電通知を受信しており、図２２のステップＳ７４の処理、すなわち停電時間がＴｍより長いか否かを判定する処理を実施する（ステップＳ５６）。図２３に示した例では、停電識別番号が１の停電時間がＴｍより長いと判定され、停電通知が送信される（ステップＳ５７）。図２３では、メータデータ管理システム４から停電管理システム５へ送信される停電識別番号１に対応する停電通知をＰＯＮ＿ＭＤ（１）と記載している。 In the example shown in FIG. 23, the meter data management system 4 receives the power recovery notification until the power recovery notification waiting time elapses, and the process of step S74 in FIG. Processing for determining whether or not the length is longer is performed (step S56). In the example shown in FIG. 23, it is determined that the power failure time with the power failure identification number 1 is longer than Tm, and a power failure notification is transmitted (step S57). In FIG. 23, the power failure notification corresponding to the power failure identification number 1 transmitted from the meter data management system 4 to the power failure management system 5 is described as PON_MD (1).
　また、メータデータ管理システム４は、復電通知に対応する停電通知を停電管理システム５へ送信済みであるか否かを判断する（ステップＳ６５）。ここでは、停電識別番号が１の停電通知をステップＳ５７で送信済みであるため、メータデータ管理システム４は、停電識別番号１に対応する復電通知を停電管理システム５へ送信する（ステップＳ６６）。図２３では、メータデータ管理システム４から停電管理システム５へ送信される停電識別番号１に対応する復電通知をＰＲＮ＿ＭＤ（１）と記載している。 Further, the meter data management system 4 determines whether or not the power failure notification corresponding to the power recovery notification has been transmitted to the power failure management system 5 (step S65). Here, since the power failure notification with the power failure identification number 1 has been transmitted in step S57, the meter data management system 4 transmits the power recovery notification corresponding to the power failure identification number 1 to the power failure management system 5 (step S66). . In FIG. 23, the power recovery notification corresponding to the power failure identification number 1 transmitted from the meter data management system 4 to the power failure management system 5 is described as PRN_MD (1).
　図２４は、停電識別番号が１の停電の停電時間がＴｍより長く、通信装置１６の電源の断が発生する場合の動作例を示している。図２４に示した例において、ステップＳ５１からステップＳ５５およびステップＳ６１からステップＳ６６の処理内容は、図２３に示した例と同様である。図２４に示した例では、通信装置１６の電源断が発生することにより、スマートメーター１がコンセントレーター２との間の通信が可能となるまでに起動時間が必要であるため、図２３に示した例に比べて復電通知の送信が遅くなる。従って、メータデータ管理システム４は、タイマーが満了しても復電通知を受信しない。このため、メータデータ管理システム４は、タイマー満了後の図２２のステップＳ７６の処理に対応するステップＳ５８の実施により、復電通知を受信していないと判定され、停電通知を停電管理システム５へ送信する（ステップＳ５７）。復電通知に関しては、図２３に示した例と同様に、停電識別番号が１の停電通知をステップＳ５７で送信済みであるため、メータデータ管理システム４は、停電識別番号１に対応する復電通知を停電管理システム５へ送信する（ステップＳ６６）。 FIG. 24 shows an operation example when the power failure time of the power failure with the power failure identification number 1 is longer than Tm and the communication device 16 is powered off. In the example shown in FIG. 24, the processing content from step S51 to step S55 and from step S61 to step S66 is the same as the example shown in FIG. In the example shown in FIG. 24, when the communication device 16 is powered off, the smart meter 1 needs a start-up time before communication with the concentrator 2 is possible. Compared to the above example, the transmission of the power recovery notification is delayed. Therefore, the meter data management system 4 does not receive a power recovery notification even when the timer expires. Therefore, the meter data management system 4 determines that the power recovery notification has not been received by performing step S58 corresponding to the processing of step S76 in FIG. 22 after the timer expires, and sends the power failure notification to the power failure management system 5. Transmit (step S57). As for the power recovery notification, since the power failure notification having the power failure identification number of 1 has already been transmitted in step S57, the meter data management system 4 returns the power recovery notification corresponding to the power failure identification number 1 as in the example shown in FIG. A notification is transmitted to the power failure management system 5 (step S66).
　図２５は、停電識別番号が１の停電の停電時間がＴｍ以下であり、通信装置１６の電源の断が発生しない場合の動作例を示している。図２５に示した例において、ステップＳ５１からステップＳ５６およびステップＳ６１からステップＳ６５の処理内容は、図２３に示した例と同様である。図２５に示した例では、停電識別番号が１の停電の停電時間がＴｍ以下であるため、ステップＳ５６の判定において、停電通知を送信しないと判定され、停電通知は停電管理システム５へ送信されない。復電通知に関しては、停電識別番号が１の停電通知を送信済みでないため、メータデータ管理システム４は、ステップＳ６５で停電識別番号１に対応する復電通知を送信しないと判定し、復電通知を停電管理システム５へ送信しない。 FIG. 25 shows an operation example when the power failure time of the power failure with the power failure identification number 1 is Tm or less and the communication device 16 is not turned off. In the example shown in FIG. 25, the processing contents from step S51 to step S56 and from step S61 to step S65 are the same as the example shown in FIG. In the example shown in FIG. 25, since the power failure time of the power failure with the power failure identification number 1 is Tm or less, it is determined in step S56 that the power failure notification is not transmitted, and the power failure notification is not transmitted to the power failure management system 5. . Regarding the power recovery notification, since the power failure notification having the power failure identification number 1 has not been transmitted, the meter data management system 4 determines in step S65 that the power recovery notification corresponding to the power failure identification number 1 is not transmitted, and Is not transmitted to the power failure management system 5.
　なお、上述した通り、本実施の形態のスマートメーター１は、各停電に停電識別番号を付与する。これにより、通信路におけるパケットロスにより復電通知がメータデータ管理システム４に到着しない場合でも、メータデータ管理システム４が、復電通知と停電との対応が誤って認識することを防ぐことができる。例えば、停電識別番号が１の停電に対応する停電通知はメータデータ管理システム４により受信され、停電識別番号が１の停電に対応する復電通知はメータデータ管理システム４により受信されなかったとする。そして、その後、停電識別番号が２の停電に対応する停電通知がメータデータ管理システム４により受信され、停電識別番号が２の停電に対応する復電通知がメータデータ管理システム４により受信されたとする。この状態では、メータデータ管理システム４は、図２６に示す情報を受信していることになる。 Note that, as described above, the smart meter 1 of the present embodiment gives a power failure identification number to each power failure. Thereby, even when the power recovery notification does not arrive at the meter data management system 4 due to packet loss in the communication path, the meter data management system 4 can prevent erroneous recognition of the correspondence between the power recovery notification and the power failure. . For example, it is assumed that a power failure notification corresponding to a power failure whose power failure identification number is 1 is received by the meter data management system 4, and a power recovery notification corresponding to a power failure whose power failure identification number is 1 is not received by the meter data management system 4. After that, the power failure notification corresponding to the power failure with the power failure identification number 2 is received by the meter data management system 4, and the power recovery notification corresponding to the power failure with the power failure identification number 2 is received by the meter data management system 4. . In this state, the meter data management system 4 has received the information shown in FIG.
　図２６は、本実施の形態のメータデータ管理システム４が受信した情報の一例を示す図である。図２６に示すように、メータデータ管理システム４は、停電識別番号が１の停電に対応する復電の時刻は保持していないことになる。この場合に、仮に各停電に停電識別番号が付与されていないとすると、メータデータ管理システム４は、停電識別番号が２の停電に対応する復電通知を受信すると、該復電通知を停電識別番号が１の停電に対応する復電と誤認識してしまう可能性がある。この誤認識が生じると、停電識別番号が１の停電は、本来の停電時間より長い停電時間であると判定されてしまう。本実施の形態では、各停電に停電識別番号を付与することにより、このような誤りを抑制することができる。 FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating an example of information received by the meter data management system 4 according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 26, the meter data management system 4 does not hold the power recovery time corresponding to the power failure whose power failure identification number is 1. In this case, if a power failure identification number is not assigned to each power failure, the meter data management system 4 receives the power recovery notification corresponding to the power failure with power failure identification number 2, and identifies the power failure notification as a power failure identification. There is a possibility of erroneously recognizing a power recovery corresponding to a power outage with the number 1. When this misrecognition occurs, a power failure with a power failure identification number of 1 is determined to be a power failure time longer than the original power failure time. In this Embodiment, such an error can be suppressed by giving a power failure identification number to each power failure.
　なお、以上の説明では、スマートメーター１が実施の形態１で述べた動作を行う例を説明したが、スマートメーター１が実施の形態２で述べた動作を行う場合に、上記の説明と同様にスマートメーター１が各停電に停電識別番号を付与し、メータデータ管理システム４が本実施の形態で述べた動作を実施してもよい。 In the above description, the example in which the smart meter 1 performs the operation described in the first embodiment has been described. However, when the smart meter 1 performs the operation described in the second embodiment, the same as the above description. The smart meter 1 may give a power failure identification number to each power failure, and the meter data management system 4 may perform the operation described in the present embodiment.
　また、以上の説明では、メータデータ管理システム４が、図２２に示した処理を実施するようにしたが、この替わりにヘッドエンドシステム３またはコンセントレーター２が、図２２に示した処理を実施するようにしてもよい。 In the above description, the meter data management system 4 performs the process shown in FIG. 22. Instead, the headend system 3 or the concentrator 2 performs the process shown in FIG. You may do it.
　以上のように、本実施の形態では、スマートメーター１は、実施の形態１と同様の停電通知処理および復電通知処理を実施し、メータデータ管理システム４は、停電通知を受信してから復電通知待ち時間が経過するまでの間に、該停電通知の送信元のスマートメーター１から復電通知を受信しない場合、停電通知を停電管理システム５へ送信する。また、メータデータ管理システム４は、停電通知を受信してから復電通知待ち時間が経過するまでの間に、該停電通知の送信元のスマートメーター１から復電通知を受信した場合、停電時間が閾値を超える場合に停電通知を停電管理システム５へ送信し、停電時間が閾値以下の場合に停電通知を停電管理システム５へ送信しない。以上の動作により、実施の形態１と同様の効果が得られるとともに、パケットロスまたは通信装置１６の電源断による復電通知の遅延が生じた場合にも、停電通知を送信する場合のメータデータ管理システム４における停電通知の滞留時間を復電通知待ち時間と同程度に抑えることができる。 As described above, in this embodiment, the smart meter 1 performs a power failure notification process and a power recovery notification process similar to those in the first embodiment, and the meter data management system 4 receives the power failure notification and then recovers. If the power recovery notification is not received from the smart meter 1 that is the transmission source of the power failure notification before the power notification waiting time elapses, the power failure notification is transmitted to the power failure management system 5. Further, when the meter data management system 4 receives the power recovery notification from the smart meter 1 that is the transmission source of the power failure notification after the power failure notification is received until the power recovery notification waiting time elapses, the meter data management system 4 If the power exceeds the threshold, a power failure notification is transmitted to the power failure management system 5, and if the power failure time is less than or equal to the threshold, the power failure notification is not transmitted to the power failure management system 5. With the above operation, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained, and meter data management in the case where a power failure notification is transmitted even when a packet loss or a delay in power recovery notification due to power failure of the communication device 16 occurs. The residence time of the power failure notification in the system 4 can be suppressed to the same level as the power recovery notification waiting time.
　以上の実施の形態に示した構成は、本発明の内容の一例を示すものであり、別の公知の技術と組み合わせることも可能であるし、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、構成の一部を省略、変更することも可能である。 The configuration described in the above embodiment shows an example of the contents of the present invention, and can be combined with another known technique, and can be combined with other configurations without departing from the gist of the present invention. It is also possible to omit or change the part.
　１，１－１～１－１８　スマートメーター、２，２－１，２－２　コンセントレーター、３　ヘッドエンドシステム、４　メータデータ管理システム、５　停電管理システム、６　ＩＰネットワーク、７－１～７－３　トランス、８－１～８－３　エリア、９　検針システム、１１，２１，３１，４１　通信部、１２，２２，３２　制御部、１３　バッテリ、１４　計量部、１５　切替え器、１６　通信装置、４２　計測データ管理部、４３　停電管理部、５００　高圧配電線。 1,1-1 to 1-18 Smart meter, 2,2-1,2-2 Concentrator, 3 Headend system, 4 Meter data management system, 5 Power failure management system, 6 IP network, 7-1 to 7- 3 transformer, 8-1 to 8-3 area, 9 meter reading system, 11, 21, 31, 41 communication unit, 12, 22, 32 control unit, 13 battery, 14 weighing unit, 15 switch, 16 communication device, 42 Measurement data management unit, 43 Power failure management unit, 500 High-voltage distribution line.

Claims (15)

  1. 　停電の発生を検出してから、ランダムに定められた時間である第１の時間が経過した後、停電が発生したことを示す停電通知を生成する制御部と、
    　前記停電通知を送信する通信部と、
    　を備えることを特徴とする通信装置。     A controller that generates a power failure notification indicating that a power failure has occurred after the first time, which is a randomly determined time, has been detected since the occurrence of the power failure has been detected;
    A communication unit for transmitting the power failure notification;
    A communication apparatus comprising:
  2. 　前記制御部は、前記停電の発生を検出してから、前記第１の時間が経過した後、復電しているか否かを判断し、復電していない場合に前記停電通知を生成し、復電している場合に前記停電通知を生成しないことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の通信装置。 The controller determines whether or not power is restored after the first time has elapsed after detecting the occurrence of the power failure, and generates the power failure notification when power is not restored. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the power failure notification is not generated when power is restored.
  3. 　前記制御部は、前記停電の発生を検出してから、固定時間が経過した後、復電しているか否かを判断し、復電していない場合に前記第１の時間が経過した後に前記停電通知を生成し、復電している場合に前記停電通知を生成しないことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の通信装置。 The control unit determines whether or not power has been restored after a fixed time has elapsed since the occurrence of the power failure, and when the power has not been restored, the first time has elapsed. The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a power failure notification is generated and the power failure notification is not generated when power is restored.
  4. 　前記制御部は、停電を識別する停電識別番号を、発生した停電ごとに付与し、前記停電識別番号と停電の発生した時刻とを前記停電通知に含めることを特徴とする請求項１から３のいずれか１つに記載の通信装置。 The said control part provides the power failure identification number which identifies a power failure for every power failure which generate | occur | produced, and includes the said power failure identification number and the time when the power failure occurred in the said power failure notification of Claim 1 to 3 characterized by the above-mentioned. The communication apparatus as described in any one.
  5. 　前記制御部は、復電の発生を検出してから、ランダムに定められた時間である第２の時間が経過した後、復電が発生したことを示す復電通知を生成し、
    　前記通信部は、前記復電通知を送信することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の通信装置。     The control unit generates a power recovery notification indicating that power recovery has occurred after a second time, which is a randomly determined time, has elapsed after detecting the occurrence of power recovery.
    The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the communication unit transmits the power recovery notification.
  6. 　前記制御部は、前記復電の発生を検出してから、前記第２の時間が経過した後、停電しているか否かを判断し、停電していない場合に前記復電通知を生成し、停電している場合に前記復電通知を生成しないことを特徴とする請求項５に記載の通信装置。 The control unit determines whether or not a power failure has occurred after the second time has elapsed since the occurrence of the power recovery, and generates the power recovery notification when there is no power failure. The communication apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the power recovery notification is not generated when a power failure occurs.
  7. 　前記制御部は、前記復電の発生を検出してから、固定時間が経過した後、停電しているか否かを判断し、停電していない場合に前記第２の時間が経過した後に前記復電通知を生成し、停電している場合に前記復電通知を生成しないことを特徴とする請求項５に記載の通信装置。 The control unit determines whether or not a power failure has occurred after a fixed time has elapsed since the occurrence of the power recovery, and when the power failure has not occurred, the control unit determines whether or not the power recovery has occurred. The communication apparatus according to claim 5, wherein a power notification is generated and the power recovery notification is not generated when a power failure occurs.
  8. 　前記制御部は、復電の発生した時刻と、該復電に対応する停電の停電識別番号とを前記復電通知に含めることを特徴とする請求項５から７のいずれか１つに記載の通信装置。 8. The control unit according to claim 5, wherein the control unit includes a time when the power recovery occurs and a power failure identification number of the power failure corresponding to the power recovery in the power recovery notification. Communication device.
  9. 　前記制御部は、停電の発生を検出すると、停電の発生した時刻と停電が発生したことを示す情報とを停電事象として保持し、復電の発生を検出すると、復電の発生した時刻と復電が発生したことを示す情報とを復電事象として保持し、
    　前記停電通知の生成時に、未送信の前記停電事象および未送信の前記復電事象のうちの少なくとも１つである未送信事象がある場合、該未送信事象を前記停電通知に含め、
    　前記復電通知の生成時に、未送信の前記停電事象および未送信の前記復電事象のうちの少なくとも１つである未送信事象がある場合、該未送信事象を前記復電通知に含めることを特徴とする請求項５から８のいずれか１つに記載の通信装置。     When detecting the occurrence of a power failure, the control unit retains the time when the power failure occurred and information indicating that the power failure has occurred as a power failure event. Information indicating that power was generated and a power recovery event,
    If there is an unsent event that is at least one of the unsent power outage event and the unsent power recovery event when generating the power outage notification, include the unsent event in the power outage notification,
    When there is an unsent event that is at least one of the unsent power outage event and the unsent power recovery event when the power recovery notification is generated, the unsent event is included in the power recovery notification. The communication apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the communication apparatus is characterized in that:
  10. 　前記第２の時間の最大値は、前記第１の時間の最大値より長いことを特徴とする請求項５から９のいずれか１つに記載の通信装置。 The communication apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the maximum value of the second time is longer than the maximum value of the first time.
  11. 　前記第１の時間および前記第２の時間は、それぞれ前記通信装置の固有の識別情報に基づいて生成されることを特徴とする請求項５から１０のいずれか１つに記載の通信装置。 The communication device according to any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the first time and the second time are each generated based on unique identification information of the communication device.
  12. 　前記通信装置は、使用電力量を計測する検針装置に搭載され、前記検針装置により計測された計量結果を送信することを特徴とする請求項１から１１のいずれか１つに記載の通信装置。 The communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the communication device is mounted on a meter-reading device that measures power consumption and transmits a measurement result measured by the meter-reading device.
  13. 　使用電力量を計測する計量部と、前記計量部により計測された計量結果を送信する通信装置とを備える検針装置と、
    　前記検針装置から前記計量結果を受信し、受信した計量結果を送信する親局と、
    　前記親局を介して前記検針装置から前記使用電力量を受信するメータデータ管理システムと、
    　を備え、
    　前記通信装置は、
    　停電の発生を検出してから、ランダムに定められた時間である第１の時間が経過した後、停電が発生したことを示す停電通知を生成する制御部と、
    　前記停電通知を前記親局へ向けて送信する通信部と、
    　を備え、
    　前記親局は、
    　受信した前記停電通知を前記メータデータ管理システムへ送信することを特徴とする検針システム。     A meter-reading device comprising a measuring unit that measures the amount of power used, and a communication device that transmits a measurement result measured by the measuring unit;
    A master station that receives the measurement result from the meter-reading device and transmits the received measurement result;
    A meter data management system for receiving the power consumption from the meter reading device via the master station;
    With
    The communication device
    A controller that generates a power failure notification indicating that a power failure has occurred after the first time, which is a randomly determined time, has been detected since the occurrence of the power failure has been detected;
    A communication unit that transmits the power failure notification to the master station;
    With
    The master station is
    The meter reading system, wherein the received power failure notification is transmitted to the meter data management system.
  14. 　前記制御部は、復電の発生を検出してから、ランダムに定められた時間である第２の時間が経過した後、復電が発生したことを示す復電通知を生成し、停電を識別する停電識別番号を発生した停電ごとに付与し、前記停電識別番号と停電の発生した時刻とを前記停電通知に含め、復電の発生した時刻と該復電に対応する停電の停電識別番号とを復電通知に含め、
    　前記通信部は、前記復電通知を前記親局へ向けて送信し、
    　前記親局は、受信した前記復電通知を前記メータデータ管理システムへ送信し、
    　前記メータデータ管理システムは、
    　前記停電通知を受信してから一定時間以内に前記停電通知と同一の前記停電識別番号を含む前記復電通知を受信した場合、前記停電の発生した時刻と、前記復電の発生した時刻とに基づいて停電時間を算出し、算出した停電時間が閾値を超える場合に前記停電通知を停電管理システムへ送信し、前記停電時間が前記閾値以下の場合に前記停電通知を前記停電管理システムへ送信せず、
    　前記停電通知を受信してから一定時間が経過しても前記停電通知と同一の前記停電識別番号を含む前記復電通知を受信しない場合、前記停電通知を前記停電管理システムへ送信することを特徴とする請求項１３に記載の検針システム。     The control unit generates a power recovery notification indicating that power recovery has occurred after a second time, which is a randomly determined time, has been detected after detecting the occurrence of power recovery, and identifies a power outage A power outage identification number for each power outage, including the power outage identification number and the time at which the power outage occurred in the power outage notification, and the time at which the power recovery occurred and the power outage identification number of the power outage corresponding to the power recovery In the power recovery notification,
    The communication unit transmits the power recovery notification to the master station,
    The master station transmits the received power recovery notification to the meter data management system,
    The meter data management system includes:
    If the power recovery notification including the same power failure identification number as the power failure notification is received within a certain time after receiving the power failure notification, the time when the power failure occurs and the time when the power recovery occurs The power failure time is calculated based on the power failure time, the power failure notification is transmitted to the power failure management system when the calculated power failure time exceeds a threshold, and the power failure notification is transmitted to the power failure management system when the power failure time is less than the threshold. Without
    The power failure notification is transmitted to the power failure management system when the power recovery notification including the same power failure identification number as the power failure notification is not received even after a certain time has elapsed since the power failure notification was received. The meter-reading system according to claim 13.
  15. 　使用電力量を計測した計量結果を送信する検針装置と、前記検針装置から前記計量結果を受信し受信した計量結果を送信する親局と、前記親局を介して前記検針装置から前記使用電力量を受信するメータデータ管理システムとを備える検針システムにおける停電通知方法であって、
    　前記検針装置が、停電の発生を検出してから、ランダムに定められた時間である第１の時間が経過した後、停電が発生したことを示す停電通知を前記親局へ向けて送信する第１のステップと、
    　前記親局が、前記停電通知を前記メータデータ管理システムへ送信する第２のステップと、
    　を含むことを特徴とする停電通知方法。     A meter-reading device that transmits a measurement result obtained by measuring the amount of power used, a master station that receives the measurement result from the meter-reading device and transmits the measurement result received, and the power consumption from the meter-reading device via the master station A power failure notification method in a meter reading system comprising a meter data management system for receiving
    After the first time, which is a randomly determined time, has elapsed since the meter-reading device has detected the occurrence of a power failure, a power failure notification indicating that a power failure has occurred is transmitted to the master station. 1 step,
    A second step in which the master station transmits the power failure notification to the meter data management system;
    A power failure notification method comprising:
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