WO2018133881A1 - 货车转向架轴箱定位装置 - Google Patents

货车转向架轴箱定位装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018133881A1
WO2018133881A1 PCT/CN2018/075137 CN2018075137W WO2018133881A1 WO 2018133881 A1 WO2018133881 A1 WO 2018133881A1 CN 2018075137 W CN2018075137 W CN 2018075137W WO 2018133881 A1 WO2018133881 A1 WO 2018133881A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
positioning
axle box
arm
elastic
frame
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PCT/CN2018/075137
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐勇
刘凤伟
姜瑞金
王宝磊
李梓铭
罗辉
肖光毅
刘爱文
黎巧能
Original Assignee
中车长江车辆有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201720103786.9U external-priority patent/CN206456373U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710058796.XA external-priority patent/CN106800029B/zh
Application filed by 中车长江车辆有限公司 filed Critical 中车长江车辆有限公司
Publication of WO2018133881A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018133881A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/30—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of component manufacturing of a railway vehicle truck bogie, and particularly relates to a truck steering box axle box positioning device.
  • the arm type axle box positioning device has a fixed end of the arm connected to the bogie frame through an elastic node, and the arm can be rotated around the fixed end, and the arm box of the rotating arm is divided into upper and lower halves, and the wheel pair bearing card is connected by bolts. Into the top of the rotating end, there are elastic pads and steel springs under the frame to realize the elastic positioning of the wheel pair.
  • the hydraulic shock absorber is used to absorb the vibration energy between the rotating end and the frame.
  • the steel plate spring and the vertical stiffness of the positioning device are constant, which can not effectively control the deflection of the truck overhead and heavy truck.
  • the vertical vertical hydraulic shock absorber can not meet the different damping force of the truck's steering overhead and heavy truck. Demand, and the arm frame of the arm has no sealing structure, it is difficult to prevent the pollutants such as cinder and dust from seeping into the axle box when the truck is running.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a shaft box positioning device for a truck bogie which can meet the requirements of high-speed truck operation, and to realize the variable stiffness and the vibration-reducing force of the axle box positioning device under the condition of empty and heavy vehicles. .
  • the axle box positioning device for the truck bogie designed by the present invention comprises an axle box body formed by enclosing the positioning arm and the clamp hoop, a wheel set bearing disposed in the cavity of the axle box body, and being mounted on The axle box end cover at the outer end of the shaft box cavity, the axle box elastic suspension system disposed between the top surface platform and the front end of the frame at the rotating end of the positioning arm, and the frame end portion and the positioning arm on the side of the shaft box body a vertical hydraulic damper between the end portions of the rotation; the axle box elastic suspension system is built in the axle box spring mounting cylinder at the end of the frame, and the vertical hydraulic damper is fixedly mounted on the frame On the vertical hydraulic damper mount of the end face, the fixed end of the positioning arm is connected to the arm seat at the bottom of the frame by an elastic positioning node.
  • the axle box elastic suspension system comprises an annular rubber cushion disposed on a bottom surface of the platform, an inner steel spring and an outer steel spring pressed in parallel on the annular rubber cushion, and a line lining the inner steel spring.
  • a rubber spring, and the top of the series of rubber springs is located at an upper end surface of the inner steel spring and the outer steel spring, and the bottom of the series of rubber springs is disposed through the inner steel spring at a central hole of the annular rubber cushion and a bottom surface of the bearing platform between.
  • the series of rubber springs comprises an inverted T-shaped cone column located at the center of the inner steel spring, a laminated rubber layer integrally formed by multi-layer metal foil and multi-layer rubber sheets, and a rubber layer in a stacking rubber a rigid platform on the outer side of the layer, the top of the rigid platform is located at an upper end surface of the inner steel spring and the outer steel spring, and the bottom of the inverted T-shaped cone is inserted into the intermediate through hole of the laminated rubber layer until the annular rubber is disposed Between the circular hole in the middle of the cushion and the bottom surface of the platform.
  • the elastic positioning node comprises two elastic positioning sleeves enclosed in the rotating end shaft holes of the positioning arm, and two rigid positioning positions of the inner liner in the elastic cavity formed by the two elastic positioning sleeves a sleeve and a positioning bolt;
  • the elastic positioning node is formed in a mounting cavity of the arm seat, and the positioning bolt sequentially passes through a fixing hole of the hanging plate of the arm seat, an elastic cavity, and two
  • the rigid positioning sleeve encloses the formed positioning cavity and the fixing hole through the hanging plate on the other side of the arm seat and is fixed by a nut, and one end of the two rigid positioning sleeves extends to the middle of the elastic cavity The portion and the other end extend into the fixing holes of the other side of the arm seat.
  • the fixing hole of the hanging plate is a fixing hole formed by the upper hanging plate and the lower clamping plate connected to the frame, and the lower card plate is fixedly connected to the upper hanging plate by the bolt from bottom to top.
  • the vertical hydraulic damper is a vertical hydraulic damper having a secondary damping force.
  • the positioning arm and the seal of the clamping hoop and the bearing backstop are labyrinth seal structures.
  • the positioning arm end surface is provided with a lifting shoulder
  • the vertical hydraulic damper mounting seat is provided with a wheel pair lifting corresponding to the lifting shoulder.
  • an intermediate portion of the clamping hoop is provided with an infrared shaft temperature detecting hole, and the infrared shaft temperature detecting hole and the wheel pair bearing are lined with a rubber dust jacket.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the axle box elastic suspension system adopted by the invention effectively reduces the high-frequency impact of the vehicle during high-speed operation. Due to the addition of a series of rubber springs with load-bearing and vibration-reducing functions, a series of heavy-duty conditions bogies are added. The vertical stiffness realizes the variable stiffness of the axle box of the frame type bogie;
  • the infrared shaft temperature detecting hole is arranged in the middle part of the clamping hoop, which solves the problem that the existing axle frame type bogie can not adopt the infrared temperature measuring technology when the line is running, and can detect the train in the running state in real time. Bearing temperature, avoiding hot shaft failure caused by leak detection, and ensuring railway transportation safety;
  • the infrared shaft temperature detecting hole is arranged in the middle portion of the clamping hoop, a rubber dust jacket is arranged between the infrared shaft temperature detecting hole and the wheel pair bearing, thereby effectively preventing dust from infiltrating from the middle portion of the clamping hoop.
  • the sealing of the positioning arm and the clamping hoop and the rear end of the bearing are labyrinth seal structures, which effectively improves the dustproof and oil proof ability of the axle box body;
  • the lifting shoulder and the wheel pair are matched to prevent the axle box from separating from the frame when the frame type bogie is lifted.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the overall installation of a three-dimensional structure of an axle box positioning device for a truck bogie according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the axle box elastic suspension system of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of a series of rubber springs of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the installation structure of the elastic positioning node of FIG. 1;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of A-A of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the sealing structure of the cavity of the axle housing of Figure 1.
  • the axle box positioning device for the truck bogie as shown in FIG. 1 includes an axle box body 110, a positioning arm 120, an elastic positioning node assembly 130, a frame 200, an axle box elastic suspension system 150, a clamping hoop 160 and a vertical hydraulic pressure reduction. Vibrator 170.
  • the axle housing 110 is formed by the positioning of the positioning arm 120 and the clamping ferrule 160 and is fixed by bolts.
  • the wheel housing 112 of the axle housing 110 is provided with a wheel bearing 113, and the axle housing 110 is empty.
  • the outer end of the cavity 112 is mounted with an axle box end cover 111; as shown in FIG.
  • the upper top surface of the rotating end of the positioning arm 120 is provided with a platform 121, and the axle box elastic suspension system 150 is disposed between the cap 121 and the front end of the frame 200. That is, the axle box elastic suspension system 150 is built in the axle box spring mounting cylinder 220 at the end of the frame 200, the lower bottom surface of the axle box elastic suspension system 150 abuts against the platform 121; the vertical hydraulic shock absorber 170 is disposed at the axle housing
  • the end of the frame 200 on the 110 side is located between the end of the rotating end of the positioning arm 120, and the vertical hydraulic damper 170 is fixedly mounted on the vertical hydraulic damper mount 171 of the end surface of the frame 200; the positioning arm 120 is positioned The fixed end is connected to the arm seat 210 at the bottom of the frame 200 by a resilient positioning node composition 130.
  • the axle box elastic suspension system 150 includes an annular rubber cushion 151 disposed on the bottom surface of the platform 121, and an inner steel spring pressed against the annular rubber cushion 151 in parallel. 152 and outer steel spring 153, and a series of rubber springs 154 lining the inner steel spring 152, as shown in FIG. 3, in the present embodiment, a series of rubber springs 154 includes an inverted T-shaped cone located at the center of the inner steel spring 152.
  • the column 154a, the multi-layered metal foil 154b and the multilayer rubber sheet 154c are alternately arranged with an integrally vulcanized laminated rubber layer 154d, and a rigid cap 154e located outside the laminated rubber layer 154d.
  • the top of the rigid cap 154e is located inside the steel.
  • the upper end surface of the spring 152 and the outer steel spring 153, the bottom of the inverted T-shaped tapered post 154a is inserted into the intermediate through hole 154f of the laminated rubber layer 154d until it is disposed between the central circular hole 151a of the annular rubber cushion 151 and the bottom surface 121a of the cap 121.
  • a series of rubber springs 154 are loosely separated from the upper end plane of the annular rubber cushion 151 in the empty state, and a series of rubber springs 154 are abutted against the central circular hole 151a of the annular rubber cushion 151 in the heavy vehicle state. On the plane of the cap.
  • the axle box elastic suspension system 150 effectively reduces the high-frequency impact of the vehicle during high-speed operation, and adds a series of rubber springs 154 with load-bearing and vibration-reducing functions, thereby increasing the weight of the frame-type bogie of the heavy-duty working condition. To the stiffness, the variable stiffness of the framed bogie axle housing is achieved.
  • axle box elastic suspension system of the invention is as follows:
  • the axle box positioning device When the axle box positioning device is in the initial installation state or the empty working condition, the lower end of a series of rubber springs is suspended, and the vertical vibration of the wheel pair is directly transmitted to the positioning arm, and then the outer steel spring, the inner steel spring and the rubber cushion For mitigation, the impact energy is eventually absorbed by the rubber cushion and the hydraulic shock absorber in the vibration.
  • the vertical stiffness K of the axle box positioning device of the empty working condition can be approximated as:
  • K K outer steel spring + K inner steel spring
  • the large vertical load causes the outer steel spring and the inner steel spring to be compressed, and the first rubber spring 154 moves downward until it passes through the middle circular hole with the annular rubber cushion 151.
  • the 151a abuts against the bottom surface 121a of the cap 121.
  • the vertical vibration of the wheel pair is transmitted directly to the positioning arm, which is then relieved by the outer steel spring, the inner steel spring, a series of rubber springs and a rubber cushion.
  • the impact energy is finally a series of rubber springs, rubber cushions and vibrations. Hydraulic shock absorber absorption.
  • the stiffness K of the axle box positioning device of the heavy-duty working condition can be approximated as:
  • K K outer steel spring + K inner steel spring + K series rubber spring
  • the vertical stiffness of the axle box positioning device is greatly increased, and the variable stiffness of the frame-type bogie and the heavy-duty working conditions is realized, under a certain heavy vehicle load. Due to the increase of the vertical stiffness, the vertical deflection of the system is reduced, and the deflection of the overhead and heavy vehicles is effectively controlled.
  • the intervention of the series of rubber springs 154 also increases the vibration damping capacity of the axle box positioning device; in addition, in the present embodiment, the vertical hydraulic damper 170 has a vertical damping force.
  • the vertical hydraulic damper with secondary damping force is compressed for a large stroke and then enters its secondary damping condition.
  • the secondary damping force is much larger than its first-order damping force.
  • the series of rubber springs involved in the working conditions of the bogies in the trucks finally increased the damping force of the heavy-duty working conditions, realizing the damping force of the axle box body and the heavy-duty working conditions of the frame-type bogies, and solved the traditional trucks.
  • the frame type bogie arm type axle box positioning device cannot meet the problem that the frame type bogie can relieve high frequency disturbance, absorb vibration energy and provide elastic positioning.
  • the elastic positioning node assembly 130 includes two elastic positioning sleeves 133 , two rigid positioning sleeves 132 , and a positioning bolt 131 .
  • the two elastic positioning sleeves 133 are enclosed and disposed on the positioning rotating arm 120 .
  • the two rigid positioning sleeves 132 are enclosed, and the inner liner is enclosed in the elastic cavity 134 formed by the two elastic positioning sleeves 133; the bottom of the frame 200 located at the position of the elastic positioning node 130 is provided with a rotating arm.
  • the seat 210 is embedded in the mounting cavity 215 of the arm seat 210.
  • the lifting plate 211 on both sides of the arm base 200 is provided with a fixing hole 214. As shown in FIG. 5, the arm seat 210 in this embodiment.
  • the fixing holes 214 of the side hanging plates 211 are fixed holes 214 formed by the upper hanging plate 212 and the lower lower clamping plate 213 connected to the frame 200, and the lower fixing plate 213 and the upper hanging plate 212 are fixed by the bolts from bottom to top. connection.
  • the positioning bolts 131 pass through the fixing holes 214 of the lifting plate on the side of the arm base 210, the elastic cavity 134, the positioning cavity 135 formed by the two rigid positioning sleeves 132, and the other side of the lifting arm seat 210.
  • the fixing holes 214 of the plate are fixed by nuts, and one end of the two rigid positioning sleeves 132 extends to the intermediate portion of the elastic cavity 134, and the other end extends to the fixing hole 214 of the other side of the arm holder 210.
  • the lower clamping plate 213 is screwed from the bottom to the top of the lifting plate 212 by bolts, so that the lower clamping plate 213 holds the elastic positioning node component 130, which facilitates the connection between the rotating end of the positioning arm 120 and the frame 200.
  • the lifting plate 211 can also adopt a whole board, and the fixing hole 214 is opened thereon.
  • the positioning bolt 131 sequentially passes through the fixing hole 214 of the hanging plate on the side of the frame 200, the elastic cavity 134, and two rigid positioning positions.
  • the sleeve 132 encloses the formed positioning cavity 135 and the fixing hole 214 through the hanger plate on the other side of the frame 200 and is fixed by a nut.
  • the end surface of the positioning arm 120 is provided with a lifting shoulder 122
  • the vertical hydraulic damper mounting seat 171 is provided with a wheel pair lifting 230 that cooperates with the lifting shoulder 122 .
  • the gap between the positioning arm 120 and the clamp ferrule 160 is filled with a sealant, and the seals of the positioning arm 120 and the clamp ferrule 160 and the bearing rear block 113a are labyrinth seal structures 140, which effectively improves
  • the dustproof and oil-repellent ability of the axle housing 110 is provided; in addition, the infrared shaft temperature detecting hole 161 is disposed in the middle portion of the clamping hoop 160 in the embodiment, which solves the problem that the existing axle box of the existing truck bogie cannot be operated during the line operation.
  • infrared temperature measurement technology Insufficient use of infrared temperature measurement technology can detect the bearing temperature of the train under running condition in real time, avoid the hot shaft failure caused by the leak detection, and ensure the safety of railway transportation; since the middle part of the clamp hoop 160 is provided with the infrared shaft temperature detecting hole 161 Therefore, a rubber boot 114 is provided between the infrared shaft temperature detecting hole 161 and the wheel pair bearing 113, thereby effectively preventing dust from penetrating from the infrared shaft temperature detecting hole 161 at the intermediate portion of the clamp hoop 160.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种货车转向架轴箱定位装置，包括轴箱体、设置在轴箱体空腔内的轮对轴承、安装在轴箱体空腔外端的轴箱端盖、布置在定位转臂旋转端上顶面承台与构架前端之间的轴箱弹性悬挂系统及位于轴箱体一侧的构架端部与定位转臂旋转端端部之间的垂向液压减振器，定位转臂固定端通过弹性定位节点组成与构架底部的转臂座连接，轴箱弹性悬挂系统包括橡胶缓冲垫、内钢弹簧、外钢弹簧及一系橡胶弹簧，且一系橡胶弹簧的顶部位于内钢弹簧和外钢弹簧的上端面。有效减小了车辆高速运行时的高频冲击，由于增设了具备承载及减振功能的一系橡胶弹簧，增加了重车工况构架式转向架的一系垂向刚度，实现了构架式转向架轴箱体的变刚度。

Description

货车转向架轴箱定位装置 技术领域
本发明属于轨道车辆货车转向架的零部件制造技术领域，具体涉及一种货车转向架轴箱定位装置。
背景技术
随着我国铁路货运的高速发展，快运货车已成为铁路货车的一个重要发展方向。然而，随着运行速度的提高，传统的货车转向架转臂式轴箱定位装置已不能满足转向架一系缓解高频激扰、吸收振动能量及提供弹性定位的需求；同时，现有的转臂式轴箱定位装置，其转臂固定端通过弹性节点与转向架构架连接，转臂可绕固定端转动，转臂旋转端轴箱分为上下两半，通过螺栓连接，将轮对轴承卡入其中，旋转端顶部有弹性垫板和钢弹簧，承于构架下方，实现轮对的弹性定位，旋转端端部与构架间使用液压减振器吸收振动能量，然而，由于转臂顶部采用弹性垫板加钢弹簧，定位装置垂向刚度为恒定值，无法有效控制货车转向架空、重车的挠度差，单独的垂向液压减振器无法满足货车转向架空、重车不同的减振力的需求，且转臂轴箱无密封结构，难以防止货车运行时煤渣、粉尘等污染物渗入轴箱。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是针对上述技术的不足，提供一种能满足高速货车运行要求的货车转向架轴箱定位装置，实现轴箱定位装置在空车和重车状态下的变刚度及变减振力。
为实现上述目的，本发明所设计的货车转向架轴箱定位装置，包括由定位转臂和夹紧箍围合形成的轴箱体、设置在轴箱体空腔内的轮对轴承、安装在轴箱体空腔外端的轴箱端盖、布置在定位转臂旋转端上顶面承台与构架前端之间的轴箱弹性悬挂系统及位于轴箱体一侧的构架端部与定位转臂旋转端端部之间的垂向液压减振器；所述轴箱弹性悬挂系统内置在所述构架端部的轴箱弹簧安装筒内，所述垂向液压减振器固定安装在所述构架端面的垂向液压减振器安装座上，所述定位转臂固定端通过弹性定位节点组成与构架底部的转臂座连接。
所述轴箱弹性悬挂系统包括设置于承台底面上的环形橡胶缓冲垫、以并联 形式抵压在环形橡胶缓冲垫上的内钢弹簧和外钢弹簧，以及内衬在内钢弹簧中的一系橡胶弹簧，且所述一系橡胶弹簧的顶部位于内钢弹簧和外钢弹簧的上端面，所述一系橡胶弹簧的底部穿过内钢弹簧设置在环形橡胶缓冲垫中部圆孔与承台底面之间。
进一步地，所述一系橡胶弹簧包括位于所述内钢弹簧中央的倒T型锥柱、由多层金属薄片和多层橡胶片交错布置整体硫化成型的叠拼橡胶层，以及位于叠拼橡胶层外侧的刚性承台，所述刚性承台的顶部位于内钢弹簧和外钢弹簧的上端面，所述倒T型锥柱底部插入所述叠拼橡胶层的中间通孔直至设置在环形橡胶缓冲垫中部圆孔与承台底面之间。
进一步地，所述弹性定位节点组成包括围合布置在定位转臂的旋转端轴孔内的两个弹性定位套、内衬在两个弹性定位套围合形成的弹性腔体内的两个刚性定位套及一个定位螺栓；所述弹性定位节点组成内置在所述转臂座的安装腔内，所述定位螺栓依次穿过所述转臂座一侧吊板的固定孔、弹性腔体、两个刚性定位套围合形成的定位腔体及直至穿过所述转臂座另一侧吊板的固定孔并通过螺母固定，两个所述刚性定位套的一端均延伸至在弹性腔体的中间部位、且另一端均延伸至所述转臂座另一侧吊板的固定孔内。
进一步地，所述吊板的固定孔是由与构架相连的上吊板和下卡板围合形成的固定孔，且通过螺栓由下往上将所述下卡板与所述上吊板固定连接。
进一步地，所述垂向液压减振器为具有二级减振力的垂向液压减振器。
进一步地，所述定位转臂和所述夹紧箍与轴承后挡的密封均为迷宫密封结构。
进一步地，所述定位转臂端面设置有提吊挡肩，所述垂向液压减振器安装座上设置有与所述提吊挡肩相配合的轮对提吊。
进一步地，所述夹紧箍的中间部位设置有红外轴温探测孔，且所述红外轴温探测孔与所述轮对轴承之间衬有橡胶防尘套。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：
1、本发明采用的轴箱弹性悬挂系统有效减小了车辆高速运行时的高频冲击，由于增设了具备承载及减振功能的一系橡胶弹簧，增加了重车工况转向架的一系垂向刚度，实现了构架式转向架轴箱体的变刚度；
2、采用具有二级减振功能的垂向液压减振器，配合转向架重车工况中介入的一系橡胶弹簧，实现了构架式转向架轴箱弹性悬挂系统的减振力；
3、夹紧箍的中间部位设置有红外轴温探测孔，解决了现有货车构架式转向架一系轴箱在线路运行时不能采用红外线测温技术的不足，可实时检测运行状态下的列车轴承温度，避免因漏探造成的热轴故障，保证铁路运输安全；
4、由于夹紧箍的中间部位设置有红外轴温探测孔，因此，在红外轴温探测孔与轮对轴承之间设置有橡胶防尘套，从而有效防止尘污从夹紧箍中间部位渗入；定位转臂和夹紧箍分别与轴承后挡的密封均为迷宫密封结构，有效提高了轴箱体的防尘防油污能力；
5、提吊挡肩与轮对提吊相配合，使得在构架式转向架被提起时防止轴箱体与构架分离。
附图说明
图1为本发明货车转向架轴箱定位装置整体安装立体结构部分剖视示意图；
图2为图1中轴箱弹性悬挂系统的剖视示意图；
图3为图2中一系橡胶弹簧的结构示意图；
图4为图1中弹性定位节点组成安装结构示意图；
图5为图4的A-A示意图；
图6为图1中轴箱体的空腔结构密封示意图。
图中各部件标号如下：
轴箱体110、轴箱端盖111、空腔112、轮对轴承113(其中：轴承后挡113a)、橡胶防尘套114、定位转臂120、承台121(其中：底面121a)、提吊挡肩122、轴孔123、弹性定位节点组成130、定位螺栓131、刚性定位套132、弹性定位套133、弹性腔体134、定位腔体135、迷宫密封结构140、轴箱弹性悬挂系统150、橡胶缓冲垫151(其中：中部圆孔151a)、内钢弹簧152、外钢弹簧153、一系橡胶弹簧154(其中：倒T型锥柱154a、金属薄片154b、橡胶片154c、叠拼橡胶层154d、刚性承台154e、中间通孔154f)、夹紧箍160、红外轴温探测孔161、垂向液压减振器170、垂向液压减振器安装座171、构架200、转臂座210、吊板211、上吊板212、下卡板213、固定孔214、安装腔215、轴箱弹簧安装筒220、轮对提吊230。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
如图1所示的货车转向架轴箱定位装置，包括轴箱体110、定位转臂120、弹性定位节点组成130、构架200、轴箱弹性悬挂系统150、夹紧箍160及垂向液压减振器170。轴箱体110由定位转臂120和夹紧箍160围合后通过螺栓固定形成，结合图7所示，轴箱体110的空腔112内设置有轮对轴承113，轴箱体110的空腔112外端安装有轴箱端盖111；结合图2所示，定位转臂120旋转端的上顶面设置有承台121，轴箱弹性悬挂系统150布置在承台121与构架200前端之间，即轴箱弹性悬挂系统150内置在构架200端部的轴箱弹簧安装筒220，轴箱弹性悬挂系统150下底面抵在承台121上；垂向液压减振器170布置在位于轴箱体110一侧的构架200端部与定位转臂120旋转端端部之间，且垂向液压减振器170固定安装在构架200端面的垂向液压减振器安装座171上；定位转臂120固定端通过弹性定位节点组成130与构架200底部的转臂座210连接。
本发明的关键点在于：如图2所示，轴箱弹性悬挂系统150包括设置于承台121底面上的环形橡胶缓冲垫151、以并联形式抵压在环形橡胶缓冲垫151上的内钢弹簧152和外钢弹簧153，以及内衬在内钢弹簧152中的一系橡胶弹簧154，结合图3所示，本实施例中一系橡胶弹簧154包括位于内钢弹簧152中央的倒T型锥柱154a、由多层金属薄片154b和多层橡胶片154c交错布置整体硫化成型的叠拼橡胶层154d，以及位于叠拼橡胶层154d外侧的刚性承台154e，刚性承台154e的顶部位于内钢弹簧152和外钢弹簧153的上端面，倒T型锥柱154a底部插入叠拼橡胶层154d的中间通孔154f直至设置在环形橡胶缓冲垫151中部圆孔151a与承台121底面121a之间。一系橡胶弹簧154在空车状态时与环形橡胶缓冲垫151的上端平面松脱分离，一系橡胶弹簧154在重车状态时穿过与环形橡胶缓冲垫151的中部圆孔151a抵接承压在承台上平面上。
该轴箱弹性悬挂系统150有效减小了车辆高速运行时的高频冲击，由于增设了具备承载及减振功能的一系橡胶弹簧154，增加了重车工况构架式转向架 的一系垂向刚度，实现了构架式转向架轴箱体的变刚度。
本发明的轴箱弹性悬挂系统工作原理如下：
在轴箱定位装置处于初装状态或空车工况时，一系橡胶弹簧下端悬空，轮对的垂向振动直接传递至定位转臂上，继而被外钢弹簧、内钢弹簧和橡胶缓冲垫缓解，冲击能量最终在振动中被橡胶缓冲垫和液压减振器吸收。
考虑到橡胶缓冲垫垂向刚度远远大于外钢弹簧和内钢弹簧的垂向刚度，空车工况轴箱定位装置的一系垂向刚度K可近似计算为：
K＝K 外钢弹簧+K 内钢弹簧
在轴箱定位装置处于重车工况时，较大的垂向载荷使得外钢弹簧和内钢弹簧被压缩，一系橡胶弹簧154向下移动直至穿过与环形橡胶缓冲垫151的中部圆孔151a抵接承压在承台121底面121a上。轮对的垂向振动直接传递至定位转臂上，继而被外钢弹簧、内钢弹簧、一系橡胶弹簧和橡胶缓冲垫缓解，冲击能量最终在振动中被一系橡胶弹簧、橡胶缓冲垫和液压减振器吸收。
考虑到橡胶缓冲垫垂向刚度远远大于外钢弹簧、内钢弹簧和一系橡胶弹簧的垂向刚度，重车工况轴箱定位装置的一系刚度K可近似计算为：
K＝K 外钢弹簧+K 内钢弹簧+K 一系橡胶弹簧
在重车工况下，由于一系橡胶弹簧刚度较大，使得轴箱定位装置的垂向刚度大大增加，实现了构架式转向架空、重车工况的变刚度，在一定的重车载荷下，由于垂向刚度增加，减小了一系垂向挠度，有效的控制了转向架空、重车挠度差。
同时，在重车工况下，一系橡胶弹簧154的介入也使得轴箱定位装置的减振能力增加；另外，本实施例中垂向液压减振器170为具有二级减振力的垂向液压减振器，具有二级减振力的垂向液压减振器被压缩较大行程后进入其二级减振工况，其二级减振力远大于其一级减振力，配合转向架重车工况中介入的一系橡胶弹簧，最终使得重车工况减振力增加，实现了构架式转向架轴箱体空、重车工况的减振力，解决了传统的货车构架式转向架转臂式轴箱定位装置不能满足构架式转向架一系缓解高频激扰、吸收振动能量及提供弹性定位的需求的难题。
结合图4及图5所示，弹性定位节点组成130包括两个弹性定位套133、 两个刚性定位套132及一个定位螺栓131，两个弹性定位套133围合后布置在定位转臂120旋转端的轴孔123内，两个刚性定位套132围合后内衬在两个弹性定位套133围合形成的弹性腔体134内；位于弹性定位节点组成130位置处的构架200底部设置有转臂座210，弹性定位节点组成130内置在转臂座210的安装腔215内，转臂座200两侧的吊板211均设有固定孔214，如图5所示，本实施例中转臂座210两侧吊板211的固定孔214是由与构架200相连的上吊板212和下方的下卡板213围合形成的固定孔214，且螺栓由下往上将下卡板213与上吊板212固定连接。定位螺栓131依次穿过转臂座210一侧吊板的固定孔214、弹性腔体134、两个刚性定位套132围合形成的定位腔体135及直至穿过转臂座210另一侧吊板的固定孔214并通过螺母固定，并且两个刚性定位套132的一端均延伸至在弹性腔体134的中间部位、而另一端均延伸至转臂座210另一侧吊板的固定孔214内后，下卡板213通过螺栓由下而上拧紧上吊板212，使得下卡板213将弹性定位节点组成130托住固定，方便了定位转臂120旋转端与构架200的连接。当然吊板211也可以采用整块板子，在其上开固定孔214，也是可行的，即定位螺栓131依次穿过构架200一侧吊板的固定孔214、弹性腔体134、两个刚性定位套132围合形成的定位腔体135及直至穿过构架200另一侧吊板的固定孔214并通过螺母固定。
另外，再次如图1所示，定位转臂120端面设置有提吊挡肩122，垂向液压减振器安装座171上设置有与提吊挡肩122相配合的轮对提吊230。在转向架被吊起，轴箱体110的内外钢弹簧被释放时，轮对提吊230会箍住提吊挡肩122，从而防止轴箱体110与构架200分离。
如图6所示，定位转臂120和夹紧箍160之间的间隙填充有密封胶，而定位转臂120和夹紧箍160与轴承后挡113a的密封均为迷宫密封结构140，有效提高了轴箱体110的防尘防油污能力；另外，本实施例中夹紧箍160的中间部位设置有红外轴温探测孔161，解决了现有货车转向架一系轴箱在线路运行时不能采用红外线测温技术的不足，可实时检测运行状态下的列车轴承温度，避免因漏探造成的热轴故障，保证铁路运输安全；由于夹紧箍160的中间部位设置有红外轴温探测孔161，因此，在红外轴温探测孔161与轮对轴承113之间设置有橡胶防尘套114，从而有效防止尘污从夹紧箍160中间部位的红外轴 温探测孔161渗入。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种货车转向架轴箱定位装置，包括由定位转臂(120)和夹紧箍(160)围合形成的轴箱体(110)、设置在轴箱体(110)空腔(112)内的轮对轴承(113)、安装在轴箱体(110)空腔(112)外端的轴箱端盖(111)、布置在定位转臂(120)旋转端上顶面承台(121)与构架(200)前端之间的轴箱弹性悬挂系统(150)及位于轴箱体(110)一侧的构架(200)端部与定位转臂(120)旋转端端部之间的垂向液压减振器(170)；所述轴箱弹性悬挂系统(150)内置在所述构架(200)端部的轴箱弹簧安装筒(220)内，所述垂向液压减振器(170)固定安装在所述构架(200)端面的垂向液压减振器安装座(171)上，所述定位转臂(120)固定端通过弹性定位节点组成(130)与构架(200)底部的转臂座(210)连接，其特征在于：
    所述轴箱弹性悬挂系统(150)包括设置于承台(121)底面上的环形橡胶缓冲垫(151)、以并联形式抵压在环形橡胶缓冲垫(151)上的内钢弹簧(152)和外钢弹簧(153)，以及内衬在内钢弹簧(152)中的一系橡胶弹簧(154)，且所述一系橡胶弹簧(154)的顶部位于内钢弹簧(152)和外钢弹簧(153)的上端面，所述一系橡胶弹簧(154)的底部穿过内钢弹簧(152)设置在环形橡胶缓冲垫(151)中部圆孔(151a)与承台(121)底面(121a)之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述货车转向架轴箱定位装置，其特征在于：所述一系橡胶弹簧(154)包括位于所述内钢弹簧(152)中央的倒T型锥柱(154a)、由多层金属薄片(154b)和多层橡胶片(154c)交错布置整体硫化成型的叠拼橡胶层(154d)，以及位于叠拼橡胶层(154d)外侧的刚性承台(154e)，所述刚性承台(154e)的顶部位于内钢弹簧(152)和外钢弹簧(153)的上端面，所述倒T型锥柱(154a)底部插入所述叠拼橡胶层(154d)的中间通孔(154f)直至设置在环形橡胶缓冲垫(151)中部圆孔(151a)与承台(121)底面(121a)之间。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述货车转向架轴箱定位装置，其特征在于：所述弹性定位节点组成(130)包括围合布置在定位转臂(120)的旋转端轴孔(123)内的两个弹性定位套(133)、内衬在两个弹性定位套(133)围合形成的弹性腔体(134)内的两个刚性定位套(132)及一个定位螺栓(131)；所述弹性定 位节点组成(130)内置在所述转臂座(210)的安装腔(215)内，所述定位螺栓(131)依次穿过所述转臂座(210)一侧吊板(211)的固定孔(214)、弹性腔体(134)、两个刚性定位套(132)围合形成的定位腔体(135)及直至穿过所述转臂座(210)另一侧吊板(211)的固定孔(214)并通过螺母固定，两个所述刚性定位套(132)的一端均延伸至在弹性腔体(134)的中间部位、且另一端均延伸至所述转臂座(210)另一侧吊板(211)的固定孔(214)内。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述货车转向架轴箱定位装置，其特征在于：所述吊板(211)的固定孔(214)是由与构架(200)相连的上吊板(212)和下卡板(213)围合形成的固定孔(214)，且通过螺栓由下往上将所述下卡板(213)与所述上吊板(212)固定连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述货车转向架轴箱定位装置，其特征在于：所述垂向液压减振器(170)为具有二级减振力的垂向液压减振器。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述货车转向架轴箱定位装置，其特征在于：所述定位转臂(120)和所述夹紧箍(160)与轴承后挡(113a)的密封均为迷宫密封结构(140)。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述货车转向架轴箱定位装置，其特征在于：所述定位转臂(120)端面设置有提吊挡肩(122)，所述垂向液压减振器安装座(171)上设置有与所述提吊挡肩(122)相配合的轮对提吊(230)。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述货车转向架轴箱定位装置，其特征在于：所述夹紧箍(160)的中间部位设置有红外轴温探测孔(161)，且所述红外轴温探测孔(161)与所述轮对轴承(113)之间衬有橡胶防尘套(114)。
PCT/CN2018/075137 2017-01-23 2018-02-02 货车转向架轴箱定位装置 WO2018133881A1 (zh)

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