WO2018133005A1 - 一种can信号线对地短路测试装置 - Google Patents

一种can信号线对地短路测试装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018133005A1
WO2018133005A1 PCT/CN2017/071702 CN2017071702W WO2018133005A1 WO 2018133005 A1 WO2018133005 A1 WO 2018133005A1 CN 2017071702 W CN2017071702 W CN 2017071702W WO 2018133005 A1 WO2018133005 A1 WO 2018133005A1
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Prior art keywords
switch control
resistor
line
control unit
alarm
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PCT/CN2017/071702
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张晨
吴壬华
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深圳欣锐科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳欣锐科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 深圳欣锐科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN201780002324.0A priority Critical patent/CN108064346A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2017/071702 priority patent/WO2018133005A1/zh
Publication of WO2018133005A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018133005A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of circuit technologies, and in particular, to a CAN signal line-to-ground short-circuit test device.
  • Controller Area Network (CAN) bus technology is the communication bus technology of the most common automotive electronic control module in the automotive industry.
  • the CAN bus connects the controller corresponding to each electronic control function module of the car and the CAN controller to enhance communication efficiency.
  • the CAN signal line can be divided into a high-level signal line CAN_H line and a low-level signal line CAN_L line, and the controller corresponding to each electronic control function module can exchange its working state data through the CAN signal line.
  • the CAN_H line and the CAN_L line respectively transmit a pair of differential signals, and the transmitted data signal is calculated by the difference obtained by subtracting the CAN_L signal from CAN_H, and finally converted into a digital signal.
  • the signal ground of many controllers is equipotentially connected to the metal casing of the controller. If the CAN_H line or CAN_L line is shorted to the signal ground, the differential signal physical waveform will be distorted, affecting the data transmission and decoding quality.
  • the oscilloscope or more professional equipment is usually used to measure the physical waveform quality of the CAN_H line and the CAN_L line signal, or manually measure the impedance of the CAN line to ground with a multimeter to detect whether the CAN signal line is shorted to ground. Judgment.
  • the CAN signal line-to-ground short-circuit test device disclosed in the embodiment of the invention can improve the efficiency of detecting whether the CAN signal line is short-circuited to the ground.
  • a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention discloses a CAN signal line-to-ground short-circuit testing device, the testing device comprising a switch control circuit and an alarm circuit, wherein:
  • the input end of the switch control circuit is connected to the controller area network CAN signal line, and the output end of the switch control circuit is connected to the alarm circuit;
  • the CAN signal line inputs a signal to the switch control circuit to control disconnection of the switch control circuit, and the alarm circuit performs an alarm according to the disconnection of the switch control circuit.
  • a second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention discloses an automobile controller comprising the test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
  • the input end of the switch control circuit is connected to the CAN signal line, and the output end of the switch control circuit is connected to the alarm circuit; the CAN signal line inputs a signal to the switch control circuit to control The switch control circuit is disconnected, and the alarm circuit is alerted according to the disconnection of the switch control circuit.
  • the signal input from the CAN signal line to the switch control circuit controls the switch control circuit to be disconnected, thereby causing an alarm circuit connected to the switch control circuit to perform an alarm. It replaces the method of manually detecting the waveform or impedance of the CAN signal line by an instrument such as an oscilloscope or a multimeter to determine whether the CAN signal line is short-circuited to the ground, and improves the efficiency of detecting whether the CAN signal line is short-circuited to the ground.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a CAN signal line to ground short test device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another CAN signal line-to-ground short-circuit testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first switch control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second switch control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another CAN signal line-to-ground short test device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5(a) is a schematic diagram of a differential signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of another CAN signal line-to-ground short test device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. schematic diagram is a structural diagram of another CAN signal line-to-ground short test device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a CAN signal line-to-ground short-circuit testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the testing device includes a switch control circuit and an alarm circuit, wherein the input control connection of the switch control circuit is controlled.
  • a local area network CAN signal line the output end of the switch control circuit is connected to the alarm circuit, and when the CAN signal line is shorted to the ground, the CAN signal line inputs a signal to the switch control circuit to control disconnection of the switch control circuit, The alarm circuit alarms according to the disconnection of the switch control circuit.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another CAN signal line-to-ground short test device.
  • the CAN signal line includes a high-order signal line CAN_H line and a low-level signal line CAN_L line.
  • the switch control circuit includes a first switch control unit and a second a switch control unit, the alarm circuit includes a first alarm unit and a second alarm unit, wherein an input end of the first switch control unit is connected to the CAN_H line, and an output end of the first switch control unit is connected to the first alarm unit,
  • the CAN_H line When the CAN_H line is short-circuited to ground, the CAN_H line inputs a signal to the first switch control unit to control the disconnection of the first switch control unit, and the first alarm unit performs an alarm according to the disconnection of the first switch control unit.
  • the input end of the second switch control unit is connected to the CAN_L line, and the output end of the second switch control unit is connected to the second alarm unit.
  • the CAN_L line is shorted to ground, the CAN_L line is connected to the second switch control unit.
  • An input signal is input to control disconnection of the second switch control unit, and the second alarm unit is alerted according to disconnection of the second switch control unit.
  • the switch control circuit may further include only the first switch control unit, and the alarm circuit may include only the first alarm unit, wherein the CAN_H line, the first switch control unit, and the first alarm unit may refer to FIG.
  • the corresponding connection mode is shown, that is, the embodiment can only be used to detect whether the CAN_H line is short-circuited to the ground.
  • the CAN_H line inputs a signal to the first switch control unit to control the first switch.
  • the switch control circuit may further include only the second switch control unit, the alarm circuit may only include the second alarm unit, wherein the CAN_L line and the second switch control
  • the unit and the second alarm unit may refer to the corresponding connection manner shown in FIG. 1, that is, the embodiment may be used only to detect whether the CAN_L line is short-circuited to the ground. When the CAN_L line is short-circuited to the ground, the CAN_L line is to the second switch.
  • the control unit inputs a signal to control the disconnection of the second switch control unit, and the second alarm unit performs an alarm or the like according to the disconnection of the second switch control unit.
  • the first switch control unit may include a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, and a first transistor Q1.
  • One end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the first resistor R1.
  • the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the base of the first transistor Q1; one end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the power source, and the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the first transistor Q1.
  • the first switch control unit may further include a first Zener diode D1, and a cathode of the first Zener diode D1 is connected to the CAN_H line, The anode of the first Zener diode D1 is grounded; the first switch control unit may further include a fifth resistor R5, one end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the base of the first transistor Q1, and the fifth resistor R5 is The other end is grounded.
  • the first resistor R1 can function as a voltage drop, that is, when the voltage input by the CAN_H line is greater than the turn-on voltage of the first transistor Q1, the first resistor R1 can divide a part of the voltage as long as the first transistor
  • the voltage difference U be of the base and the emitter of Q1 is slightly larger than the conduction voltage of the first transistor Q1 to turn on the first transistor Q1.
  • the first transistor Q1 is a silicon tube, and the on-voltage is 0.3V, and the first resistor R1 is divided into a part of voltage so that U be is greater than 0.3V.
  • the second resistor R2 can function as a current limiting to prevent the current flowing into the first three-stage tube Q1 from being excessively large to burn out the first transistor Q1.
  • the first Zener diode D1 can stabilize the negative voltage of the first Zener diode D1, for example, the stable voltage of the first Zener diode D1 is 5V, when the voltage difference between the negative pole and the positive pole of the first Zener diode D1 (Note: the voltage of the negative electrode is greater than the voltage of the positive electrode) is greater than 5V, the first Zener diode D1 can stabilize the voltage of the negative electrode of the first Zener diode D1 at 5V.
  • the fifth resistor R5 can function as a current limiting to prevent the first transistor Q1 from flowing excessively and burning the first transistor Q1.
  • the first switch control unit may further include a resistor, one end of the resistor is connected to the CAN_H line, and the other end of the resistor is connected to one end of the first resistor R1.
  • the resistance of the resistor can be set to 0 ohm, which can be used as a fuse to protect the circuit in actual operation.
  • a schematic diagram of a second switch control unit includes a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, and a second transistor Q2, wherein one end of the third resistor R3 is connected.
  • the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the base of the second transistor Q2; one end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the power source, and the other end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the second transistor Q2.
  • a collector of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the second alarm unit; the second switch control unit may further include a second Zener diode D2, and a cathode of the second Zener diode D2 is connected to the CAN_L line
  • the second regulator unit further includes a sixth resistor R6 and a capacitor C.
  • One end of the sixth resistor R6 is coupled to the base of the second transistor Q2.
  • the other end of the resistor R6 is grounded, and one end of the capacitor C is connected to one end of the sixth resistor R6, and the other end of the capacitor C is
  • the third resistor R3 can function as a voltage drop, that is, when the voltage input by the CAN_L line is greater than the turn-on voltage of the second transistor Q2, the third resistor R3 can divide a part of the voltage as long as the second transistor The voltage difference U be of the base and the emitter of Q2 is greater than the conduction voltage of the second transistor Q2 to turn on the second transistor Q2.
  • the second transistor Q2 is a silicon tube, and the on-voltage is 0.3V, and the third resistor R3 is divided into a part of voltage so that U be is greater than 0.3V.
  • the fourth resistor R4 can function as a current limiting to prevent the current flowing into the second tertiary tube Q2 from being excessively large to burn out the second transistor Q2.
  • the second Zener diode D2 can stabilize the negative voltage of the second Zener diode D2, for example, the stable voltage of the second Zener diode D2 is 5V, when the voltage difference between the negative pole and the positive pole of the second Zener diode D2 (Note: the voltage of the negative electrode is greater than the voltage of the positive electrode) is greater than 5V, and the second Zener diode D2 can stabilize the voltage of the negative electrode of the second Zener diode D2 at 5V.
  • the sixth resistor R6 can function as a current limiting to prevent the inflow of the second transistor Q2 from being excessive and to burn out the second transistor Q2.
  • the capacitor C can filter out the AC signal in the second switch control unit to prevent the AC signal from causing interference to the second switch control unit.
  • the second switch control unit may further include a resistor, one end of the resistor is connected to the CAN_L line, and the other end of the resistor is connected to one end of the third resistor R3.
  • the resistance of the resistor can be set to 0 ohm, which can be used as a fuse to protect the circuit in actual operation.
  • the first alarm unit may include a first LED D3, wherein an anode of the first LED D3 is coupled to an emitter of the first transistor Q1, and a cathode of the first LED D3 is grounded.
  • the second alarm unit includes a second LED D4, wherein the second LED D4 The anode of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the anode of the second transistor Q2, and the cathode of the second LED D4 is grounded.
  • FIG. 5 Another CAN signal line-to-ground short-circuit test device shown in FIG. 5 can be combined.
  • the CAN_H line and the CAN_L line respectively transmit a pair of differential signals when in the normal working state, and the signal form can be as shown in Fig. 5(a), the data transmission is in the CAN_H line, and the CAN_L line is transmitted at the level of 1.5V.
  • the differential signal form between 3.5V exists.
  • the transmitted data signal is calculated by subtracting the CAN_L line signal from the CAN_H line and finally converting it into a digital signal. All of the level signals are referenced to the signal ground of the CAN circuit loop. In practical applications, the signal ground of many controllers is connected to the equipotential of the metal casing of the controller (connected to the mounting frame).
  • the average voltage of the CAN_H line input may be 2.5V, the first transistor Q1 is turned on, and the first LED D3 is illuminated; otherwise, when CAN_H When the line is shorted to ground, the voltage input to the CAN_H line can be 0V, the first transistor Q1 is turned off, and the first LED D3 does not emit light to alarm; similarly, when the CAN_L line is in a normal state, the CAN_L The average voltage of the line input may be 2.5V, the second transistor Q2 is turned on, and the second LED D4 is illuminated; otherwise, when the CAN_L line is shorted to ground, the voltage input to the CAN_L line may be 0V, the first The two transistor Q2 is turned off, and the second light emitting diode D4 does not emit light to perform an alarm.
  • the CAN signal line-to-ground short-circuit test device may further include a plug of the outer casing and a reserved plug.
  • the plug of the outer casing is grounded and can be used as a grounding socket; the reserved plug is grounded and can be used as a The expansion socket is used to facilitate the expansion of the circuit module through the socket in the subsequent development and improvement.
  • the CAN signal line-to-ground short-circuit test device shown in FIG. 6 the power Vcc socket, the CAN_H line socket, the CAN_L line socket, the grounding socket and the reserved port plug can be uniformly placed on the connector socket board. In order to facilitate the tester to use.

Abstract

一种CAN信号线对地短路测试装置，所述测试装置包括开关控制电路和报警电路，其中：所述开关控制电路的输入端连接控制器局域网络CAN信号线，所述开关控制电路的输出端连接所述报警电路；当所述CAN信号线对地短路时，所述CAN信号线向所述开关控制电路输入信号以控制所述开关控制电路的断开，所述报警电路根据所述开关控制电路的断开进行报警，能够提高检测CAN信号线是否对地短路的效率。

Description

一种CAN信号线对地短路测试装置 技术领域
本发明涉及电路技术领域，尤其涉及一种CAN信号线对地短路测试装置。
背景技术
控制器局域网络(Controller Area Network，CAN)总线技术是汽车行业最常见的汽车电子控制模块的通讯总线技术。CAN总线将汽车各个电子控制功能模块对应的控制器和CAN控制器连接起来来增强通讯效率。在CAN总线技术中，CAN信号线可以分为高位信号线CAN_H线和低位信号线CAN_L线，每个电子控制功能模块对应的控制器可以将其工作状态数据通过CAN信号线进行交换。CAN_H线和CAN_L线分别传送一对差分信号，传输的数据信号以CAN_H减去CAN_L信号后得出的差值计算，并最终转换为数字信号。在实际应用中，许多控制器的信号地均与控制器的金属外壳地等电位连接，如果CAN_H线或CAN_L线与信号地短路后，差分信号物理波形将产生畸变，影响数据传输和解码质量。
在产品设计、或者验证阶段，通常使用示波器或者更加专业的设备测量CAN_H线和CAN_L线上信号的物理波形质量，或手动用万用表测量CAN号线对地的阻抗来检测CAN信号线是否对地短路的判定。但是，实践中发现，通过使用示波器等设备测量CAN_H线和CAN_L线上信号的物理波形质量或手动用万用表测量CAN线对地阻抗等方式来检测CAN信号线是否对地短路的效率较低。
发明内容
本发明实施例公开的一种CAN信号线对地短路测试装置，能够提高检测CAN信号线是否对地短路的效率。
本发明实施例第一方面公开了一种CAN信号线对地短路测试装置，所述测试装置包括开关控制电路和报警电路，其中：
所述开关控制电路的输入端连接控制器局域网络CAN信号线，所述开关控制电路的输出端连接所述报警电路；
所述CAN信号线向所述开关控制电路输入信号以控制所述开关控制电路的断开，所述报警电路根据所述开关控制电路的断开进行报警。
本发明实施例第二方面公开了一种汽车控制器，所述汽车控制器包括权利要求1至9任一项所述的测试装置。
本发明实施例提供的CAN信号线对地短路测试装置中开关控制电路的输入端连接CAN信号线，该开关控制电路的输出端连接报警电路；该CAN信号线向该开关控制电路输入信号以控制该开关控制电路的断开，该报警电路根据该开关控制电路的断开进行报警。
可见，实施本发明实施例，当CAN信号线对地短路时，CAN信号线向该开关控制电路输入的信号控制该开关控制电路断开，从而引起与该开关控制电路相连的报警电路进行报警，代替了通过示波器或万用表等仪器手动检测CAN信号线的波形或阻抗等参数来判定该CAN信号线是否对地短路的检测方法，提高了检测CAN信号线是否对地短路的效率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例提供的一种CAN信号线对地短路测试装置的结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例提供的另一种CAN信号线对地短路测试装置的结构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例提供的一种第一开关控制单元的结构示意图；
图4是本发明实施例提供的一种第二开关控制单元的结构示意图；
图5是本发明实施例提供的另一种CAN信号线对地短路测试装置的结构示意图；
图5(a)是本发明实施例提供的一种差分信号示意图；
图6是本发明实施例提供的另一种CAN信号线对地短路测试装置的结构 示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参见图1，图1是本发明实施例提供的一种CAN信号线对地短路测试装置的结构示意图，该测试装置包括开关控制电路和报警电路，其中，该开关控制电路的输入端连接控制器局域网络CAN信号线，该开关控制电路的输出端连接该报警电路，当该CAN信号线对地短路时，该CAN信号线向该开关控制电路输入信号以控制该开关控制电路的断开，该报警电路根据该开关控制电路的断开进行报警。
参见图2提供的另一种CAN信号线对地短路测试装置的结构示意图，该CAN信号线包括高位信号线CAN_H线和低位信号线CAN_L线，该开关控制电路包括第一开关控制单元和第二开关控制单元，该报警电路包括第一报警单元和第二报警单元，其中，该第一开关控制单元的输入端连接该CAN_H线，该第一开关控制单元的输出端连接该第一报警单元，当该CAN_H线对地短路时，该CAN_H线向该第一开关控制单元输入信号以控制该第一开关控制单元的断开，该第一报警单元根据该第一开关控制单元的断开进行报警；该第二开关控制单元的输入端连接该CAN_L线，该第二开关控制单元的输出端连接该第二报警单元，当该CAN_L线对地短路时，该CAN_L线向该第二开关控制单元输入信号以控制该第二开关控制单元的断开，该第二报警单元根据该第二开关控制单元的断开进行报警。
可选的，该开关控制电路还可以只包括第一开关控制单元，该报警电路可以只包括第一报警单元，其中该CAN_H线、该第一开关控制单元和该第一报警单元可以参考图1所示的对应连接方式，即该实施例可以只用来检测CAN_H线是否对地短路，当该CAN_H线对地短路时，该CAN_H线向该第一开关控制单元输入信号以控制该第一开关控制单元的断开，该第一报警单元 根据该第一开关控制单元的断开进行报警；或，该开关控制电路还可以只包括第二开关控制单元，该报警电路可以只包括第二报警单元，其中该CAN_L线、该第二开关控制单元和该第二报警单元可以参考图1所示的对应连接方式，即该实施例可以只用来检测CAN_L线是否对地短路，当CAN_L线对地短路时，该CAN_L线向该第二开关控制单元输入信号以控制该第二开关控制单元的断开，该第二报警单元根据该第二开关控制单元的断开进行报警等。
参见图3提供的一种第一开关控制单元的结构示意图，该第一开关控制单元可以包括第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2和第一三极管Q1，该第一电阻R1的一端连接该CAN_H线，该第一电阻R1的另一端连接该第一三极管Q1的基极；该第二电阻R2的一端接电源，该第二电阻R2的另一端连接该第一三极管Q1的集电极；该第一三极管Q1的发射极连接该第一报警单元；该第一开关控制单元还可以包括第一稳压二极管D1，该第一稳压二极管D1的负极连接该CAN_H线，该第一稳压二极管D1的正极接地；该第一开关控制单元还可以包括第五电阻R5，该第五电阻R5的一端连接该第一三极管Q1的基极，该第五电阻R5的另一端接地。
该第一电阻R1可以起压降作用，即当CAN_H线输入的电压大于该第一三极管Q1的导通电压时，该第一电阻R1可以分一部分电压，只要使该第一三极管Q1的基极与发射极的压差Ube稍微大于该第一三极管Q1的导通电压以使该第一三极管Q1导通即可。比如该第一三极管Q1为硅管，导通电压为0.3V，则该第一电阻R1分一部分电压以使Ube大于0.3V即可。该第二电阻R2可以起限流作用，避免流入第一三级管Q1的电流过大而烧坏该第一三极管Q1。该第一稳压二极管D1可以起稳定该第一稳压二极管D1的负极电压，比如该第一稳压二极管D1的稳定电压为5V，当该第一稳压二极管D1的负极与正极的压差(注：负极的电压大于正极的电压)大于5V，则该第一稳压二极管D1可以将该第一稳压二极管D1的负极的电压稳定在5V。该第五电阻R5可以起限流作用，避免流入该第一三极管Q1过大而烧坏该第一三极管Q1。
可选的，在该第一开关控制单元还可以包括一个电阻，该电阻的一端连接CAN_H线，该电阻的另一端连接第一电阻R1的一端。其中该电阻的阻值可以设定为0欧姆，在实际操作中可以当作保险丝来保护电路。
参见图4提供的一种第二开关控制单元的结构示意图，该第二开关控制单元包括第三电阻R3、第四电阻R4和第二三极管Q2，其中，该第三电阻R3的一端连接该CAN_L线，该第三电阻R3的另一端连接该第二三极管Q2的基极；该第四电阻R4的一端接电源，该第四电阻R4的另一端连接该第二三极管Q2的集电极；该第二三极管Q2的发射极连接该第二报警单元；该第二开关控制单元还可以包括第二稳压二极管D2，该第二稳压二极管D2的负极连接该CAN_L线，该第二稳压二极管D2的正极接地；该第二开关控制单元还包括第六电阻R6和电容C，该第六电阻R6的一端连接该第二三极管Q2的基极，该第六电阻R6另一端接地，该电容C的一端连接该第六电阻R6的一端，该电容C的另一端接地。
该第三电阻R3可以起压降作用，即当CAN_L线输入的电压大于该第二三极管Q2的导通电压时，该第三电阻R3可以分一部分电压，只要使该第二三极管Q2的基极与发射极的压差Ube大于该第二三极管Q2的导通电压以使该第二三极管Q2导通即可。比如该第二三极管Q2为硅管，导通电压为0.3V，则该第三电阻R3分一部分电压以使Ube大于0.3V即可。该第四电阻R4可以起限流作用，避免流入第二三级管Q2的电流过大而烧坏该第二三极管Q2。该第二稳压二极管D2可以起稳定该第二稳压二极管D2的负极电压，比如该第二稳压二极管D2的稳定电压为5V，当该第二稳压二极管D2的负极与正极的压差(注：负极的电压大于正极的电压)大于5V，则该第二稳压二极管D2可以将该第二稳压二极管D2的负极的电压稳定在5V。该第六电阻R6可以起限流作用，避免流入该第二三极管Q2过大而烧坏该第二三极管Q2。该电容C可以滤除该第二开关控制单元中的交流信号，防止交流信号对该第二开关控制单元造成干扰。
可选的，在该第二开关控制单元还可以包括一个电阻，该电阻的一端连接CAN_L线，该电阻的另一端连接第三电阻R3的一端。其中该电阻的阻值可以设定为0欧姆，在实际操作中可以当作保险丝来保护电路。
其中，该第一报警单元可以包括第一发光二极管D3，其中该第一发光二极管D3的正极连接该第一三极管Q1的发射极，该第一发光二极管D3的负极接地。该第二报警单元包括第二发光二极管D4，其中该第二发光二极管D4 的正极连接该第二三极管Q2的发射极，该第二发光二极管D4的负极接地。
结合图3、图4和对该第一报警单元、该第二报警单元的描述，可以组合成图5所示的另一种CAN信号线对地短路测试装置。其中CAN_H线、和CAN_L线的在处于正常工作状态时，分别传送一对差分信号，信号的形式可以如图5(a)所示，数据传输以CAN_H线，CAN_L线传送的电平在1.5V，3.5V之间的差分信号形式存在，当网络上没有数据传输时候，输出电平持续维持在2.5V输出。传输的数据信号以CAN_H线减去CAN_L线信号后得出的差值计算，并最终转换为数字信号。其中所有电平信号都是以CAN电路回路的信号地作为参考。且实际应用中很多控制器的信号地均与控制器金属外壳地(与安装车架连接)等电位连接。
如图5所示的电路图，当CAN_H线处于正常状态时，该CAN_H线输入的平均电压可以为2.5V，该第一三极管Q1导通，该第一发光二极管D3发光；反之，当CAN_H线对地短路时，该CAN_H线输入的电压可以为0V，该第一三极管Q1截止，该第一发光二极管D3不发光来进行报警；同理，当CAN_L线处于正常状态时，该CAN_L线输入的平均电压可以为2.5V，该第二三极管Q2导通，该第二发光二极管D4发光；反之，当CAN_L线对地短路时，该CAN_L线输入的电压可以为0V，该第二三极管Q2截止，该第二发光二极管D4不发光来进行报警。
可选的，该CAN信号线对地短路测试装置中还可以包括外壳地插头和预留口插头，该外壳地插头接地，可以以作为一种接地插口；该预留口插头接地，可以作为一种拓展插口，以便于在后续研发改进中通过该插口进行电路模块的拓展等。其中如图6所示的另一种CAN信号线对地短路测试装置，该电源Vcc插口、该CAN_H线插口、CAN_L线插口、该接地插口和该预留口插头可以统一放置在接插件插口板中，以方便测试者使用。
本发明中所描述的流程图仅仅为一个实施例，在不偏离本发明的精神的情况下对此图示或者本发明中的步骤可以有多种修改变化。比如，可以不同次序的执行这些步骤，或者可以增加、删除或者修改某些步骤。本领域的一般技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分流程，并依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化，仍属于发明所涵盖的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种CAN信号线对地短路测试装置，其特征在于，所述测试装置包括开关控制电路和报警电路，其中：
    所述开关控制电路的输入端连接控制器局域网络CAN信号线，所述开关控制电路的输出端连接所述报警电路；
    当所述CAN信号线对地短路时，所述CAN信号线向所述开关控制电路输入信号以控制所述开关控制电路的断开，所述报警电路根据所述开关控制电路的断开进行报警。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的测试装置，其特征在于，所述CAN信号线包括高位信号线CAN_H线和低位信号线CAN_L线，所述开关控制电路包括第一开关控制单元和第二开关控制单元，所述报警电路包括第一报警单元和第二报警单元，其中：
    所述第一开关控制单元的输入端连接所述CAN_H线，所述CAN_H线向所述第一开关控制单元输入信号以控制所述第一开关控制单元的断开；当所述CAN_H线对地短路时，所述第一开关控制单元的输出端连接所述第一报警单元，所述第一报警单元根据所述第一开关控制单元的断开进行报警；
    所述第二开关控制单元的输入端连接所述CAN_L线，所述CAN_L线向所述第二开关控制单元输入信号以控制所述第二开关控制单元的断开；当所述CAN_L线对地短路时，所述第二开关控制单元的输出端连接所述第二报警单元，所述第二报警单元根据所述第二开关控制单元的断开进行报警。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的测试装置，其特征在于，所述第一开关控制单元包括第一电阻、第二电阻和第一三极管，其中：
    所述第一电阻的一端连接所述CAN_H线，所述第一电阻的另一端连接所述第一三极管的基极；所述第二电阻的一端接电源，所述第二电阻的另一端连接所述第一三极管的集电极；所述第一三极管的发射极连接所述第一报警单元。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的测试装置，其特征在于，所述第二开关控制单元包括第三电阻、第四电阻和第二三极管，其中：
    所述第三电阻的一端连接所述CAN_L线，所述第三电阻的另一端连接所述第二三极管的基极；所述第四电阻的一端接电源，所述第四电阻的另一端连接所述第二三极管的集电极；所述第二三极管的发射极连接所述第二报警单元。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的测试装置，其特征在于，所述第一报警单元包括第一发光二极管，其中所述第一发光二极管的正极连接所述第一三极管的发射极，所述第一发光二极管的负极接地。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的测试装置，其特征在于，所述第二报警单元包括第二发光二极管，其中所述第二发光二极管的正极连接所述第二三极管的发射极，所述第二发光二极管的负极接地。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的测试装置，其特征在于，所述第一开关控制单元还包括第一稳压二极管，其中所述第一稳压二极管的负极连接所述CAN_H线，所述第一稳压二极管的正极接地。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的测试装置，其特征在于，所述第二开关控制单元还包括第二稳压二极管，其中所述第二稳压二极管的负极连接所述CAN_L线，所述第二稳压二极管的正极接地。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的测试装置，其特征在于，所述第一开关控制单元还包括第五电阻，所述第二开关控制单元还包括第六电阻和电容，其中所述第五电阻的一端连接所述第一三极管的基极，所述第五电阻的另一端接地；所述第六电阻的一端连接所述第二三极管的基极，所述第六电阻另一端接地，所述电容的一端连接所述第六电阻的一端，所述电容的另一端接地。
  10. 一种汽车控制器，其特征在于，所述汽车控制器包括权利要求1至9任一项所述的测试装置。
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