WO2018132854A1 - Procédé de fabrication additive - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication additive Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018132854A1
WO2018132854A1 PCT/AT2018/060008 AT2018060008W WO2018132854A1 WO 2018132854 A1 WO2018132854 A1 WO 2018132854A1 AT 2018060008 W AT2018060008 W AT 2018060008W WO 2018132854 A1 WO2018132854 A1 WO 2018132854A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plasma
powder particles
solidified
solidification
powder
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2018/060008
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jakob BRAUN
Gerhard Johannes LEICHTFRIED
Lukas KASERER
Janko STAJKOVIC
Original Assignee
Universität Innsbruck
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universität Innsbruck filed Critical Universität Innsbruck
Publication of WO2018132854A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018132854A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
    • H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
    • H01J37/32082—Radio frequency generated discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/02—Details
    • H01J37/026—Means for avoiding or neutralising unwanted electrical charges on tube components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
    • H01J37/305—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for casting, melting, evaporating or etching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
    • H01J37/317—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. for ion implantation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
    • H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
    • H01J37/32192—Microwave generated discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/50—Treatment of workpieces or articles during build-up, e.g. treatments applied to fused layers during build-up
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • B22F2003/1051—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding by electric discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
    • H01J2237/004—Charge control of objects or beams
    • H01J2237/0041—Neutralising arrangements
    • H01J2237/0044—Neutralising arrangements of objects being observed or treated
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
    • H01J2237/02—Details
    • H01J2237/022—Avoiding or removing foreign or contaminating particles, debris or deposits on sample or tube
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method having the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a device having the features of the preamble of claim 7.
  • the solidification of the powder particles by means of the electron beam can take place via at least partial melting and solidification.
  • the process chamber is that area of the device for the additive manufacturing of a component in which a controlled atmosphere, preferably a vacuum, can be produced and maintained.
  • the additive manufacturing by the electron beam takes place within a partial area of the process chamber, which is referred to as a construction area.
  • the electron beam causes an electrically negative charging of the powder particles to be solidified and the structure produced by the solidification of the powder particles.
  • WO 2016/00448 A1 describes a powder of spherical powder particles having a size greater than 10 micrometers and an average BET surface area of greater than 0.08 m 2 / g. This powder is better versinterbar.
  • the disadvantage here is that not all materials with a spherical particle shape can be produced inexpensively with such a high surface area.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a simple and inexpensive method and a simple and inexpensive device in which at least one, preferably several or all, of the problems discussed above are avoided. This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and an apparatus having the features of claim 7. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims. It is provided that
  • the structure resulting from the solidification of the powder particles is electrically discharged after solidification by a plasma.
  • the charges introduced into the material by the electron beam first penetrate into the volume of the material and then migrate to the surface.
  • the plasma forms a very well electrically conductive medium surrounding the powder particles or the structure and can thus efficiently dissipate the charges that are located on the surface.
  • the hitherto known irradiation of the powder particles with the strongly defocused electron beam is ideally no longer necessary. This causes a shortened process time and thus a significant cost reduction.
  • the invention has at least one of the following advantages:
  • the invention has the advantage that the powder particles to be solidified need not already be introduced into the apparatus for additive production in pure form, since existing impurities are removed before solidification anyway by the cleaning by means of plasma or at least reduced so far that they no Represent problem more. Certain impurities, eg. B. with oxygen can not be avoided if the powder particles come into contact with an uncontrolled atmosphere before solidification. Also, such impurities can be removed in the above sense.
  • metallic powder particles are used, for.
  • titanium or titanium alloys high-alloy steels, aluminum or aluminum alloys, refractory metals or refractory metal alloys, cobalt alloys or nickel-base superalloys.
  • an electron beam is used in a power range of at least 2 kilowatts.
  • the plasma generating device is formed separately from the beam generating device for generating the electron beam, so it is not formed by these.
  • the powder particles to be solidified have a spherical initial shape.
  • Spherical initial form is to be understood as the following forms:
  • agglomerated or aggregated primary particles which, as an agglomerate or aggregate, have a spherical shape or a rounded shape
  • the plasma generating device may be arranged - at least partially or completely - outside or inside the process chamber.
  • a low-frequency or high-frequency alternating voltage can be used by the plasma generating device, or the plasma can be excited by electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range.
  • a process atmosphere is provided and the plasma is prepared from the process atmosphere.
  • This is one possibility for producing a low-pressure plasma.
  • Such a method could, of course, also be produced on the basis of a gas different from the process atmosphere.
  • the use of a low-pressure plasma has the advantage that a large area (eg the powder layer) can be applied simultaneously.
  • a low-pressure plasma can act on the powder particles from all sides and thus produces an effective discharge effect.
  • a low-pressure plasma can be excited from outside the process chamber.
  • a plasma can be excited by:
  • a low-pressure plasma which is produced by capacitive coupling (for example produced by a plate reactor), inductive coupling (for example generated by a coil) or by electromagnetic radiation (for example by a magnetron generated) is generated. It may also be provided that an atmospheric pressure plasma is used. This can be generated in a manner known per se. The generation of the plasma can be independent of any existing process atmosphere or in vacuum, z. B. also outside the process chamber.
  • powder particles to be solidified are provided as a powder layer prior to solidification.
  • the powder layer typically has a layer thickness of 50 to 150 microns.
  • a controlled process atmosphere can be maintained in the process chamber.
  • the process atmosphere can be added to a reactive gas.
  • the at least one plasma-generating device has at least one electrode pair, wherein the construction area for the additive manufacturing is arranged at least partially between the electrodes of the electrode pair.
  • One of the electrodes of the electrode pair may be formed by a portion of a wall of the process chamber or the construction chamber.
  • One of the electrodes of the pair of electrodes is grounded, while an alternating electrical voltage can be applied to the other electrode of the pair of electrodes.
  • the at least one plasma generating device has at least one induction coil (which can be acted upon by an electrical alternating voltage), the construction region being arranged at least partially within at least one winding of the at least one induction coil.
  • the at least one plasma-generating device has at least one magnetron, the magnetron being arranged inside or outside the process chamber.
  • a feeder device for feeding powder particles to be solidified to the construction area (eg a squeegee, preferably with steel, rubber or CFK lip), wherein it is preferably provided that the feeder device is in communication with the at least one plasma generating device and has at least one discharge opening, via which plasma can be discharged.
  • a process atmosphere with a pressure p of 1 10 millibar ⁇ p ⁇ 1 millibar can be provided.
  • Fig. 1 shows a device with low-pressure plasma, generated by a
  • Fig. 2a, 2b a device with low-pressure plasma, generated by a
  • Fig. 3a, 3b a device with an atmospheric pressure plasma
  • a provision unit 13 for providing and maintaining a process atmosphere in the process chamber 2 is provided. It is a non-illustrated pressure reduction device for providing and maintaining a relation to the environment lowered pressure or a vacuum in the process chamber 2 is provided.
  • the powder particles to be solidified are stored in a storage device 3 and can be introduced into a construction area 6 via a feeder device 10 (in this case a squeegee).
  • a feeder device 10 in this case a squeegee
  • the powder particles to be solidified in the construction area 6 are arranged in layers on a lowerable building platform 14 in a powder layer 7.
  • Each powder layer 7 is at least locally solidified by an electron beam, which can be generated by means of a generating device 4. In this way, the component 16 to be produced is produced in layers.
  • a plasma generating device 5 (here, with a magnetron 12) is provided.
  • a plasma can be generated by the plasma generating device 5 from the process atmosphere (eg argon atmosphere) in the construction area 6 (more precisely: in the area of the powder layer 7 and its immediate surroundings), which discharges the powder particles arranged in the construction area 6.
  • the housing of the process chamber 2 is grounded via a ground 15.
  • FIG. 2 a shows a device 1 with an alternative embodiment of the plasma generation device 5 in the region of the construction area 6 in a sectional illustration.
  • the not shown areas of the device 1 are apart from the absence of a magnetron 12 as formed in Fig. 1.
  • the plasma generating device 5, a pair of electrodes 8, 8 ', wherein the electrodes of the electrode pair 8, 8' so next to the powder layer 7 are arranged so that the squeegee can move between the electrodes (see the plan view of the construction area 6 shown in Fig. 2b).
  • Fig. 3a shows in a sectional view an alternative embodiment of a device 1, in which the plasma required for the discharge is an atmospheric plasma.
  • the feeder device 10 communicates with a plurality of plasma generating devices 5 and has a plurality of discharge openings 11, via which plasma can be applied directly above the powder layer 7 and during the application of the powder layer 7.
  • FIG. 3 b shows a plan view of the powder layer 7 and the plurality of plasma generating devices 5.
  • the plasma generating devices 5 are attached to the feeder 10.
  • FIG. 4a shows a process diagram of a method according to the invention with the following steps:
  • FIG. 4b shows a process diagram of a method according to the invention with the following steps:
  • 4c shows a process diagram of a method according to the invention with the following steps:

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication additive d'un élément structural, selon lequel des particules de poudre à agréger sont agrégées au moyen d'un faisceau d'électrons, les particules de poudre à agréger sont déchargées électriquement par un plasma avant agrégation et/ou les particules de poudre sont déchargées électriquement par un plasma pendant l'agrégation et/ou la structure résultant de l'agrégation des particules de poudre est déchargée électriquement par un plasma après agrégation.
PCT/AT2018/060008 2017-01-17 2018-01-09 Procédé de fabrication additive WO2018132854A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATGM50006/2017 2017-01-17
ATGM50006/2017U AT15648U1 (de) 2017-01-17 2017-01-17 Verfahren zur additiven Fertigung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018132854A1 true WO2018132854A1 (fr) 2018-07-26

Family

ID=61872447

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AT2018/060008 WO2018132854A1 (fr) 2017-01-17 2018-01-09 Procédé de fabrication additive

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AT (1) AT15648U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018132854A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111730157A (zh) * 2020-06-19 2020-10-02 中国石油大学(华东) 一种新型双六轴机器人电弧增材与氩气中电火花电弧铣削减材复合制造装置
WO2022136843A1 (fr) * 2020-12-22 2022-06-30 Wayland Additive Limited Fabrication additive à l'aide d'une fusion sur lit de poudre
CN115106266A (zh) * 2021-03-23 2022-09-27 本田技研工业株式会社 涂装方法及涂膜固化装置
GB2623957A (en) * 2022-10-31 2024-05-08 Wayland Additive Ltd Additive manufacturing using powder bed fusion and high efficiency charge neutralisation

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010034311A1 (de) * 2010-08-13 2012-02-16 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen, Reparieren und/oder Austauschen eines Bauteils mittels eines durch Energiestrahlung verfestigbaren Pulvers
US20140370323A1 (en) * 2011-12-28 2014-12-18 Arcam Ab Method and apparatus for increasing the resolution in additively manufactured three-dimensional articles
WO2016011294A2 (fr) * 2014-07-18 2016-01-21 Applied Materials, Inc. Fabrication par couches à laser et écoulement gazeux

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SG11201700024UA (en) * 2014-07-09 2017-02-27 Applied Materials Inc Layerwise heating, linewise heating, plasma heating and multiple feed materials in additive manufacturing
US10335856B2 (en) * 2015-06-29 2019-07-02 Applied Materials, Inc. System for temperature controlled additive manufacturing

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010034311A1 (de) * 2010-08-13 2012-02-16 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen, Reparieren und/oder Austauschen eines Bauteils mittels eines durch Energiestrahlung verfestigbaren Pulvers
US20140370323A1 (en) * 2011-12-28 2014-12-18 Arcam Ab Method and apparatus for increasing the resolution in additively manufactured three-dimensional articles
WO2016011294A2 (fr) * 2014-07-18 2016-01-21 Applied Materials, Inc. Fabrication par couches à laser et écoulement gazeux

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111730157A (zh) * 2020-06-19 2020-10-02 中国石油大学(华东) 一种新型双六轴机器人电弧增材与氩气中电火花电弧铣削减材复合制造装置
WO2022136843A1 (fr) * 2020-12-22 2022-06-30 Wayland Additive Limited Fabrication additive à l'aide d'une fusion sur lit de poudre
GB2602458B (en) * 2020-12-22 2023-01-18 Wayland Additive Ltd Additive manufacturing using powder bed fusion
CN116710284A (zh) * 2020-12-22 2023-09-05 威兰增材制造有限公司 使用粉末床熔融的增材制造
CN115106266A (zh) * 2021-03-23 2022-09-27 本田技研工业株式会社 涂装方法及涂膜固化装置
GB2623957A (en) * 2022-10-31 2024-05-08 Wayland Additive Ltd Additive manufacturing using powder bed fusion and high efficiency charge neutralisation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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