WO2018130171A1 - 由多段式身管和流体推动自旋弹丸构成的武器系统和方法 - Google Patents

由多段式身管和流体推动自旋弹丸构成的武器系统和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018130171A1
WO2018130171A1 PCT/CN2018/072195 CN2018072195W WO2018130171A1 WO 2018130171 A1 WO2018130171 A1 WO 2018130171A1 CN 2018072195 W CN2018072195 W CN 2018072195W WO 2018130171 A1 WO2018130171 A1 WO 2018130171A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
projectile
fluid
core
segment
spin
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/072195
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱锐泷
Original Assignee
朱锐泷
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 朱锐泷 filed Critical 朱锐泷
Publication of WO2018130171A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018130171A1/zh
Priority to US16/512,321 priority Critical patent/US20190368836A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A21/00—Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
    • F41A21/02—Composite barrels, i.e. barrels having multiple layers, e.g. of different materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A21/00—Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
    • F41A21/16—Barrels or gun tubes characterised by the shape of the bore
    • F41A21/18—Grooves-Rifling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A21/00—Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
    • F41A21/16—Barrels or gun tubes characterised by the shape of the bore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A21/00—Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
    • F41A21/46—Barrels having means for separating sabots from projectiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/02—Stabilising arrangements
    • F42B10/22—Projectiles of cannelured type
    • F42B10/24—Projectiles of cannelured type with inclined grooves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/02—Stabilising arrangements
    • F42B10/26—Stabilising arrangements using spin
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/02—Stabilising arrangements
    • F42B10/26—Stabilising arrangements using spin
    • F42B10/28—Stabilising arrangements using spin induced by gas action
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/32—Range-reducing or range-increasing arrangements; Fall-retarding means
    • F42B10/38—Range-increasing arrangements
    • F42B10/42—Streamlined projectiles
    • F42B10/44—Boat-tails specially adapted for drag reduction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a weapon system which is provided with a scroll groove or a scroll hole at the rear or the tail of the projectile, and cooperates with the multi-section body tube, and relates to a gun weapon, a gun and the like, and a military industry.
  • the rifle weapon system rotates the rifling by means of the squeezing and rubbing of the projectile, thereby achieving the stability of the projectile during flight.
  • this method inevitably produces severe friction and cutting of the projectile and the rifling, which leads to a decrease in the kinetic energy of the projectile exit.
  • the protrusion of the rifling line makes it difficult for the barrel to be sealed by the projectile or the elastic band, the propellant gas leaks, thereby further causing energy loss.
  • the ridge line protrusion also makes the body tube pressure-reducing ability not high, the manufacturing is difficult, the cost is high, the life is short, especially the huge friction and cutting often make the body tube easily redden when continuously fired, and once the hair is issued, Red, the squall line becomes soft and cannot continue to cut the extruded projectile. The projectile cannot rotate and the ballistic quality drops rapidly.
  • the present invention provides a technical solution for allowing a projectile to be spun by fluid pushing by providing a scroll or a vent in the rear or tail of the projectile and a weapon system that cooperates with the multi-segment body.
  • the propellant energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the projectile as much as possible, and the cost of the barrel is reduced, and the service life and the durability of the firepower are increased.
  • the projectile maintains the flight attitude and reduces the resistance mainly by rotation.
  • the projectile rotation is currently only caused by the extrusion and friction of the rifling to rotate the projectile. This method has various shortcomings, but it has been used for hundreds of years because the difficulty is found. Other ways to make the projectile rotate effectively and at the same time have enough initial velocity.
  • the present invention attempts to allow the fluid to push and unscrew the projectile through a new body structure, projectile structure and method, relying on the principle of fluid mechanics rather than the mechanical action between the barrel and the projectile, and to allow the projectile to have sufficient forward speed and rotational speed. Avoid energy loss due to severe friction, crushing and cutting with the twist line, reduce the difficulty of barrel processing, reduce cost and extend life.
  • the body tube and the projectile have a huge interaction, and this interaction often waits until the projectile is fired out of the body nozzle, and then the bullet is released. Sudden changes often have an effect on the motion posture and trajectory of the projectile, resulting in an intermediate trajectory, which in turn affects the accuracy of the impact point.
  • the present invention attempts to gradually release the stress state of the projectile through a new body structure, thereby avoiding sudden stress state of the projectile. The resulting adverse effects on the motion projectile's attitude and trajectory reduce or even eliminate intermediate ballistics.
  • the body structure can also release a part of the gas in advance, thereby avoiding a large amount of gas, and when the bullet is suddenly suffocated and suddenly released at the muzzle, the reaction force is disturbed to the body tube.
  • the tail through hole also provides a new flight stability mode, providing a new flight stability mode in addition to the tail and rotation techniques, and the tail hole stabilization mode can also be separately and the tail mode.
  • the combination of the rotation modes realizes the stability of the composite and improves the stability efficiency, and it is known that the two stable modes of the tail and the rotation are usually difficult to combine.
  • the present shelling projectile is further solved, the projectile is complicated, the connection mode of the projectile core is complicated, the shelling method is complicated, and the cost is high, and A problem that affects the accuracy of the core.
  • the invention mainly includes:
  • a fluid-driven spin projectile comprising: a vortex groove or/and a scroll hole symmetrically disposed or evenly disposed around an axis of the projectile or the core at a rear or a tail of the projectile or the spring Or oblique holes, which include through holes or/and blind holes.
  • the scroll groove or the scroll hole is symmetrically disposed or evenly disposed around the axis of the projectile or the core, and the number is two or more, and each surface of the scroll groove, including the pressure surface or the suction surface, may be flat or a curved surface comprising one or more dimensions;
  • the scroll hole is a slanted hole, the cross section of the hole includes various forms such as a circle, an ellipse or the like, and an opening of the hole is at the bottom or tail of the projectile or behind
  • the side of the part is a spiral through hole when it passes through the projectile from another part. When it is not worn out, it is a vortex blind hole, and its axis is different from the axis of the projectile and has a certain angle.
  • the angle may be Zero, at which point its axis is coplanar with the axis of the projectile.
  • the form includes a straight hole or a curved hole, that is, the axis is a straight line or a curve, and the curve may be a curvature of one or more dimensions, that is, the bending of the curved hole includes bending of one or more dimensions;
  • the diameter of the scroll may vary throughout, and the projectile includes various bullets, shells, and torpedoes, missiles, and the like that are propelled by various fluids.
  • a fluid-driven spin projectile comprising: a filler to block the scroll groove or a scroll through hole; the filler rapidly decomposes at a high temperature to unblock the scroll groove Or vortex a through hole and direct a fluid, such as a gunpowder gas, to pass through to push or twist the projectile; or provide an energetic material in the vortex blind hole, the energetic material being no faster than the projectile
  • a fluid such as a gunpowder gas
  • a fluid-driven spin projectile characterized by comprising: a layer of a layer and a steel core, or only a steel core, and only a steel core, a so-called all-steel projectile.
  • a fluid-driven spin projectile comprising: treating a portion or all of the steel core or an all-steel projectile, the treatment comprising one or more of a coating, a coating, and a heat treatment .
  • the treatment is used to change the properties of the surface of the steel core, including one or more of plasticity, elasticity, airtightness, smoothness, friction coefficient, and corrosion resistance.
  • a fluid-driven spin projectile comprising: a surface of a projectile, wherein one or more elastic bands or protrusions similar to the elastic band are disposed around the axis, and the vortex is symmetrically disposed or uniformly disposed around the axis of the projectile.
  • the slot or scroll through hole is located behind the belt or projection or passes all or part of the belt or projection from below.
  • a fluid-driven spin projectile comprising: in the scroll groove or a scroll through hole, by squeezing an elastic band to block the scroll groove or a scroll through hole; The belt is restored, the scroll or scroll through hole is unblocked, and fluid flows through the scroll or scroll through hole to push the projectile forward or rotate.
  • a multi-segment body or variable diameter body tube comprising: a segment A and a segment B or/and a segment C, or a segment B, or a segment B and a segment C, the third segment of the A, B, C
  • the A segment forms a tight fit with a part or all of the projectile, including an interference fit
  • the C diameter being larger than the A segment and forming a clearance fit with part or all of the projectile.
  • the length of the B section is gradually increased.
  • the A segment may also be referred to as a precursor segment, which may also be referred to as a transition segment, which may also be referred to as a twisting segment or a clearance fit segment.
  • the transition between the precursor segment and the twisting segment may be a step transition, a ramp transition, a curved surface transition, or a specific curved transition, such that the diameter of the body tube is gradually enlarged, and the various transitions referred to the axis at the transition portion.
  • the curve of the excessive part is referred to as an excessive curve, and presents a step, a diagonal line, an arc, or a specific curve.
  • the length of the transition section can be selected according to needs and related calculations and experiments, and can be long or short.
  • the transition section can be long enough to be near the mouth of the body, and if necessary, the body can also include only the precursor section and the transition section.
  • a multi-segment body tube comprising: a section A can be followed by a throat section.
  • the throat segment is first reduced in diameter and then restored or continues to expand.
  • a weapon system using a sliding body tube and a fluid-driven spin projectile comprising: a fluid-driven spin projectile and a sliding body tube through which the fluid is launched to propel the spin projectile,
  • the sliding body tube includes a fixed diameter sliding body tube or a multi-segment sliding body tube.
  • a weapon system using a wire barrel and a fluid-driven spin projectile comprising: a fluid-driven spin projectile and a wire barrel through which the fluid is launched to propel the spin projectile,
  • the sliding body tube comprises a fixed diameter sliding body tube or a multi-segment sliding body tube.
  • a weapon system for launching a non-fluid propelled spin projectile using a multi-segment body tube comprising: a multi-segment body tube and a non-fluid push spin projectile, wherein the non-fluid push is emitted through the multi-segment body barrel
  • the projectile, the non-fluid propelled spin projectile includes a variety of caliber-based tube launches, a gun that rotates on a rifling, a projectile, and a projectile that is stable without a tail, such as a projectile that stabilizes the shell of the tail.
  • a weapon system for propelling a spin projectile through a multi-segment body tube comprising a body tube and a projectile, characterized in that the body tube is a multi-segment body tube, and the projectile is a fluid-driven spin projectile, through the multi-segment The body emits the fluid to propel the spin projectile.
  • One or a combination of the blind holes, including one or more of a scroll groove, a scroll through hole, and a spiral blind hole, may be combined on one projectile.
  • a fluid-driven spin-stabilized cone-tailed ammunition comprising a bungee and a core, characterized by comprising:
  • the tail of the elastic core is a thick front and a thin tapered shape, or a tapered rounded front end with a tapered front end;
  • the spring holder is symmetrically or evenly arranged around the core or the axis of the spring.
  • the whole body is hollow or cup-shaped, and includes a bottom cup shape, and is hollow or cup-shaped, and includes a hollow portion with a bottom cup shape.
  • the bottomed cup structure refers to a through hole or groove for ventilation at the bottom of the cup.
  • a fluid-driven spin-stabilized cone-tailed ammunition comprising a bungee and a core, characterized by comprising:
  • the rear or tail of the spring is symmetrically disposed or evenly disposed around the axis of the projectile or the core to form a scroll groove or/and a scroll hole.
  • the scroll hole comprises a spiral through hole or/and a spiral blind hole, which is symmetrically arranged or evenly arranged around the axis of the projectile or the spring.
  • the scroll groove or the scroll hole is arranged in the same manner as described above, and the number is 2 Or more, the pressure surface and the suction surface of the scroll groove may both be a plane or a curved surface; the curved surface includes one or more dimensions of curvature; the scroll hole may be 2 or more, and the form includes A straight hole or a curved hole, the bending of which includes one or more dimensions of bending.
  • a spin-stabilized cone-tailed ammunition comprising a spring holder and a core, characterized by comprising: an adhesive between the spring holder and the elastic core, including an energetic binder, and the adhesive bonding The force is small or the adhesion will rapidly decrease or disappear at high temperatures.
  • the elastic body is hollow or cup-shaped as a whole, and includes a bottom cup shape. And the hollow portion of the spring has a front thick and thin taper corresponding to the tail of the core.
  • the bottom of the cup can withstand the thrust of the gunpowder gas, push the core, and the bottom surface can also be provided with a ventilation through hole or grid, so as to avoid a vacuum between the spring and the elastic core when the shell is unshelled, which affects the smooth shelling.
  • a fluid-driven spin-stabilized cone-tailed shell-out projectile characterized in that it comprises: a spring base or/and a spring wall using an elastic material.
  • the bottom of the brace or/and the wall of the bounce can also be made of an elastic material, so that during the process of pushing the core in the brace, there is a compressive stress at the bottom of the bounce.
  • the bounce will produce deformation, the gas thrust disappears after the exit, the pressure between the bottom of the bounce and the core and the deformation of the bounce remain, so the bounce and the core will push each other, pushing the core at the bottom of the bounce.
  • the spring pulls back to the shell, like a slingshot, which ejects the projectile and completes the shelling together with the wind resistance.
  • a fluid-driven spin-stabilized cone-tailed shell-out projectile comprising: a recess at the bottom of the core, and a protrusion protruding into the pit at the bottom of the spring.
  • a fluid-driven spin-stabilized cone-tailed shell-out projectile comprising: a taper at a bottom recess of the core, a taper corresponding to the core pit being raised at the bottom of the spring; or Adding keys and keyways or similar protrusions and grooves to the surface of the pit; or machining the pits and protrusions into a cylindrical shape, and providing a guide inside the cylindrical pits and protrusions External spline or the like, the inner and outer splines of the guide are limited in relative movement in the axial direction, and can be freely detached in the axial reverse movement; or the air leakage is provided on the bottom protrusion of the above-mentioned spring Through holes or grooves, the inner and outer splines of the guide can also be tapped to facilitate the out motion in the reverse movement and the limited position in the relative motion.
  • a fluid-driven spin-stabilized cone-tailed shell-out projectile characterized in that both the bottom bottom pocket of the core and the bottom protrusion of the spring have two or more, and both surround the core or projectile axis Uniform or symmetrically disposed, and each of the bottom projections of the springs corresponds to a recess of the bottom of the core, or a through hole or groove is formed on the bottom protrusion of the above-mentioned spring.
  • a fluid-driven spin-stabilized cone-tailed shell-and-shell weapon system is characterized by comprising: a multi-section body tube, and a spin-stabilized cone-tailed shell bomb.
  • a weapon system for launching a sub-caliber non-fluid propelled spin projectile with a spin-stabilized cone-tailed shelling missile comprising: a multi-segment body tube, and a spin-stabilized cone-tailed shelling bomb, said spin stabilization
  • the core of the cone-tailed shell bomb includes a variety of sub-caliber non-fluid propelled spin projectiles.
  • a projectile spinning method comprising: a fluid-driven spin projectile; pushing or/and screwing a fluid through a fluid flowing through a spiral groove or/and a scroll hole on a spin projectile The fluid pushes the spin projectile.
  • a projectile spin method comprising:
  • the fluid pushes the spin projectile, and by propelling the parameters of the fluid-driven spin projectile, the propellant energy is distributed between the projectile's precursor energy and the rotational energy, and/or determines the direction of rotation of the projectile.
  • the parameters of the fluid-driven spin projectile include, but are not limited to, one or more of the number, diameter, height, length, various inclinations, curvatures, curvatures, shapes, positions of the scroll grooves or scroll holes.
  • a multi-segment body tube method comprising: a segment A and a segment B and/or a segment C, and a segment B, or a segment B plus a segment C, the third segment of the A, B, C is a wire fistula or a sliding tube
  • the A segment forms a tight fit with part or all of the projectile used, including an interference fit
  • the C diameter is larger than the A segment, and forms a clearance fit with part or all of the projectile, the diameter of the B segment Gradually getting bigger.
  • a multi-segment body tube method comprising: by selecting parameters of the multi-segment body tube, so that the propellant energy is distributed in the precursor energy and the rotational energy of the projectile, or adjusting the fluid generated during the projectile flight; Resistance, screwing force, or / and determining the direction of rotation of the projectile;
  • the parameters of the multi-segment body tube include, but are not limited to, one or more of a full length of the body tube, a length of the precursor section, a length of the twisting section, a length of the transition section, a transition curve, and a size and shape of the throat.
  • a method for unwinding a spin-stable cone-tailed shell characterized by comprising:
  • the tail of the elastic core is a front thick and thin tapered shape, or a tapered truncated front thick end of a truncated cone shape;
  • the elastic holder is symmetrically arranged or evenly arranged around the core or the projectile axis, and has a hollow shape or a cup shape as a whole, and includes a bottom cup shape, and is hollow or cup-shaped, and includes a hollow portion of a bottom cup shape. With a front thick and thin taper corresponding to the tail of the core;
  • the ballistics are generally sleeved on the core from the core after the spring core, and are unshelled to the rear after exiting.
  • the length of the part of the core with the taper and the length of the spring and the taper can be set as needed to ensure the contact surface of the spring and the core, and there is enough friction to facilitate the smooth rotation of the core.
  • a method for unwinding a spin-stable cone-tailed shell characterized by comprising:
  • the rear or tail of the spring holder is symmetrically disposed or uniformly disposed around the core or the axis of the projectile.
  • the spring is symmetrically arranged around the axis, and the bottom or rear part of the projectile or the core axis is centered, and the scroll or the scroll hole is symmetrically arranged or evenly arranged around the projectile or the core axis in the foregoing manner, the number is 2 or more.
  • the pressure surface and the suction surface of the scroll groove may be a plane or a curved surface;
  • the scroll through holes may be two or more, and the form includes a straight hole or a curved hole, and the bending of the curved hole includes one or more The curvature of the dimensions.
  • a method for unwinding a spin-stable cone-tailed shell comprising: an adhesive between the magazine and the core, the adhesive bonding at a high temperature
  • the force will quickly decrease or disappear. This makes it easy to transport on the one hand and does not affect the shelling on the one hand.
  • a method for unwinding a spin-stable cone-tailed shell-carrying project comprising: a recess at the bottom of the core, and a protrusion protruding into the pit at the bottom of the hammer, the rack
  • the hollow structure and the cup-shaped structure are adopted, including a bottom cup shape or a pin-shaped structure.
  • the magazine is mounted on the core from the rear to the front, and is unhulled from front to back after exiting.
  • a method for propelling a spin projectile using a sliding body tube to emit a fluid comprising: fluid propelling a spin projectile and a sliding body tube through which the fluid is launched to propel a spin projectile, the skid
  • the body tube includes a fixed diameter slide tube or a variable diameter slide tube.
  • a method of propelling a spin projectile with a rifle tube firing fluid comprising: fluid propelling a spin projectile and a wire barrel through which the fluid is launched to propel a spin projectile,
  • the line body tube includes a fixed diameter tube or a variable diameter tube.
  • a method for propelling a spin projectile using a multi-segment barrel emission fluid comprising: ejecting the fluid through a variable diameter barrel to propel the spin projectile.
  • a method of launching a non-fluid propelled spin projectile using a multi-segment body tube comprising: a multi-segment body tube and a non-fluid push spin projectile, the non-fluid push being fired using the multi-segment body barrel
  • the spin projectile includes the various calibers that are fired by the body tube, the guns that are rotated by the twist line, the projectile projectiles, and the projectiles that are stable without the rotation of the tail, such as the projectiles of the tail stabilizer.
  • a tailhole stabilization system comprising: symmetrically or uniformly arranging a vortex groove or/and a vortex through hole around a core axis of the aircraft at a rear or a tail of the aircraft, said fluid flow through said The vortex groove or/and the vortex through hole function to stabilize the flight attitude, the vortex groove or/and the vortex through hole being two or more, the aircraft being an object moving in the flow field .
  • a method for stabilizing a tail hole comprising: arranging or uniformly arranging a vortex groove or/and a scroll through hole around a core of the aircraft at a rear or a tail of the aircraft, through which the fluid flows.
  • the grooves or/and the fluted through holes create an action to stabilize the flight attitude, the vortex slots or/and the vortex through holes being two or more, the aircraft being an object moving in the flow field.
  • the scroll groove is provided or the scroll hole is arranged as a spiral through hole
  • the inner ballistic portion at least a part of the projectile and the body tube are tightly fitted in the front portion of the multi-stage sliding body tube, including an interference fit, thereby being able to close
  • the propellant gas obtains sufficient pre-drive speed, and when the screwing section is reached, the projectile and the body tube are at least a part of the gap fit, and the gunpowder gas flow can flow through each of the scroll grooves or the spiral through holes, and the axial force generated by the gunpowder is generated.
  • the projectiles are pushed forward together; the radial forces generated by them cancel each other out, and the circumferential forces generated by them overlap each other, causing the projectile to rotate around its axis in one direction, thereby realizing the spin of the projectile, which can be left-handed. Can be right-handed.
  • the surface airflow of the projectile flows through the scroll groove or the scroll through hole from the front to the back, and the projectile can also be twisted. The two methods can be selected as needed.
  • the scroll hole is a blind hole
  • the blind hole is filled with an energetic material including a gunpowder having a burning rate not higher than that of the projectile used for launching the projectile, including the gunpowder.
  • the energy material may be fixed in the blind hole by an adhesive, preferably an energetic binder such as a sponge rubber.
  • the energetic material in the blind hole can continue to burn. It can push the projectile forward in the driving section, and can also rotate the projectile in the twisting section. After the exiting, the projectile can also be rotated, and the generated gas can be added to the rear of the projectile. Vacuum to reduce the differential pressure before and after the projectile.
  • the multi-segment slide tube or the multi-segment line tube the interaction between the barrel and the projectile is significantly reduced compared to the one-stage slide or the one-piece line tube, so the energy of the gunpowder gas can be more converted into the kinetic energy of the projectile. In this way, the range can be improved under the same charge; the multi-stage wire barrel can also be directly compatible with the fluid-driven spin projectile and the existing various projectiles, and improve the performance of the existing projectile.
  • the pressure resistance of the sliding body tube is far beyond the line tube, which is beneficial to prolonging the life of the body tube and developing more powerful ammunition, and the manufacturing of the sliding body tube is less difficult, the cost is low, and the service life is long;
  • the interaction between the barrel and the projectile is significantly reduced compared to the one-piece slide or the one-piece line tube, so the tube heat is significantly reduced, especially when continuously firing.
  • the barrel is not easy to be red, even if it is red, the impact on the trajectory is smaller, the firepower will be better, and the multi-slide body is especially obvious. This is especially for the revolving weapons such as machine guns and machine guns that need to be continuously launched for a long time. important;
  • the requirements are not high, it may even be considered to use a solid steel projectile without a nail to indicate that it has been subjected to a heat treatment for increasing plasticity, or only to apply all or part of the coating or coating of the pure steel projectile, such as copper.
  • the material of the nail and the cladding material no longer need to emphasize the plasticity like the ordinary armor material, so the material selection range is wider, which may further reduce the cost;
  • the fluid-driven spin projectile has the spinning ability
  • the tail fin is not required to be stable, so the shelling method can utilize the core taper and the wind resistance to directly unshell from the front, which will
  • the structure of the spring tray is greatly simplified, the shelling method is also simpler, and the influence of the shelling process on the core is significantly reduced, and the shape of the core is not affected by the shape of the scroll and the scroll hole.
  • the bottom pit can also improve the tail turbulence, reduce the differential pressure before and after, and can also use large caliber propellant and body tube , launching sub-calibre ammunition to obtain a great range, especially for weapon systems such as machine guns, cannons, anti-aircraft guns, long-range snipers and anti-equipment;
  • the scroll groove or the scroll through-hole projectile can also be compatible with the existing one-stage wire rifle weapon, and the through hole or the volute groove is favorable for guiding the boundary layer airflow to the vacuum at the rear of the projectile, thereby reducing the projectile.
  • the differential pressure is applied before and after, and the air flow can stabilize the rotation speed of the projectile;
  • large-caliber barrels and propellants can be used to launch various existing standard projectiles or standard projectiles of any secondary diameter by means of shelling bombs, as well as various non-fluid-driven spin projectiles;
  • the interaction between the barrel and the projectile can be gradually reduced by gradually expanding the diameter of the barrel through the transition section, thereby avoiding the last line of the projectile, the squall line and the body tube.
  • the force suddenly disappears, the disturbance of the projectile posture caused by the sudden change of the projectile stress, and the accuracy is lowered to reduce the impact point scattering;
  • a part of the gas can be released in advance through the gap matching section to avoid a large amount of gas, which is suddenly released at the muzzle after being suffocated by the projectile, thereby reducing the effect of the gunpowder gas on the projectile.
  • the surface of the projectile no longer has the nicks cut by the rifling. This nick is often deep into the surface of the projectile and is extremely irregular, which not only increases the wind resistance but also affects the accuracy of the impact point.
  • the surface of the projectile is particularly complete when the multi-segment sliding body tube and the fluid push the spin projectile;
  • the fluid-driven spin projectile can be used to swell the projectile through the external ballistic airflow, so the internal ballistic gunpowder gas can be used more to increase the initial velocity of the projectile.
  • the speed is increased more. ;
  • the stability of the tail hole provides a new flight stability mode, and this stabilization mode can be combined with the tail mode and the rotation mode respectively to form a composite stability and increase the stability effect. It is known that the tail and the rotation are stable. Usually more difficult to combine,
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 are schematic diagrams of a multi-section body tube
  • FIGS. 6 to 28 are schematic diagrams of a fluid-driven spin projectile, which will be described one by one in the following.
  • the main body of the technical solution includes the following parts, one is a body tube, the other is a projectile, and the brace and its connection with the core, which are explained below in conjunction with the attached schematic.
  • the multi-segment body tube comprises a front drive section and a transition section or/and a twisting section, and the three sections are a coiled pipe or a sliding pipe, and the front drive section is tightly matched with part or all of the projectile, including an interference fit, the screwing
  • the diameter of the segment is larger than the precursor segment and is a clearance fit with part or all of the projectile, and the transition portion has a gradually larger diameter.
  • the twisting section may also be referred to as a clearance fit section, and usually the transition section is initially between the front drive section and the twisting section, but may also form a complete body tube only with the front drive section.
  • the parameters such as the length of the three segments can be adjusted, and if necessary, take zero.
  • Those skilled in the art can select different technical solutions according to the needs.
  • the projectile when passing through the precursor section, the projectile closes the propellant gas to accelerate the projectile, and when the screwing section is rotated, the propellant gas flows through the scroll or scroll on the projectile or the spring. Through holes, so that the projectile accelerates and spins at the same time.
  • the transition between the precursor segment and the twisting segment may be a step transition, a ramp transition, a curved surface transition, or a specific curved transition, such that the diameter of the body tube is gradually enlarged, and the various transitions described above are along the axis of the transition portion.
  • the curve of the excessive portion is referred to as an excessive curve, and presents a step, a straight line, an arc, or a specific curve.
  • the projectile when the projectile passes through the front drive section, it is the same as the existing lined tube weapon.
  • the force between the twist line, the body tube and the projectile is caused by the diameter of the body tube becoming larger. It is gradually becoming smaller, so it is possible to avoid the internal weapon of the tube.
  • the interaction between the twist line and the tube and the projectile suddenly disappears, and the vibration caused by the sudden change of the projectile stress increases the accuracy and reduces the impact point. spread.
  • a part of the gunpowder gas can be gradually released in the gap matching section, so as to avoid the gas that is suffocated by the projectile, and the sudden release and expansion of the gas in the body tube mouth, and the reaction force on the body tube is disturbed.
  • the main role of the transition section is to gradually reduce the interaction between the barrel and the projectile, and reduce the impact of the sudden change of the projectile stress on the attitude of the projectile.
  • Figure 1 to Figure 5 below are schematic diagrams of the cross-axis of the multi-segment body tube. The main features are highlighted to simplify some details including wall thickness. Some curves in the figure show subtle zigzag cad drawing software. Due to its own defects.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the multi-stage sliding body tube with a step transition.
  • 1 is the front drive section
  • 2 is the transition step
  • 3 is the twisting section.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the slope transition.
  • 1 is the front section
  • 2 is the slope transition
  • the transition curve is a straight line
  • 3 is the transition section
  • 4 is the twisting section.
  • Figure 3 is the curve transition, where 1 is the precursor segment, 2 is the curved transition, the transition curve is the curve, 3 is the transition section, and 4 is the twisting section.
  • Figure 4 is also a curve transition, but the transition section is very long, extending to the vicinity of the body tube exit, where 1 is the transition section, 2 is the curved transition, the transition curve is the curve, 3 is the twisting section, and 4 is the body nozzle.
  • Figure 5 shows the transition section extending to the outlet of the body tube.
  • 1 is the transition section
  • 2 is the curved transition or the slope transition
  • the transition curve is the curve or the straight line
  • 3 is the body nozzle.
  • the body is in the form of a tube.
  • the length of the transition portion can be selected as needed and related calculations and experiments, and can be long or short, and if necessary, the transition can be long enough to be near the body orifice.
  • the body tube can also include only the precursor segment and the transition segment.
  • a fluid-driven spin projectile that is, at the tail of the projectile, centered on the axis of the projectile itself, symmetrically or evenly disposed with two or more scroll grooves or scroll holes, including through holes or blind holes, around the axis
  • the scroll may be a straight face or a curved surface, and the curved surface may include one or more dimensions of curvature.
  • the scroll hole is an inclined hole, and one opening is on the bottom surface or the side surface of the projectile. After passing through the projectile from the projectile, the through hole is through hole, otherwise it is a blind hole, and the axis thereof is different from the axis of the projectile and has a certain angle.
  • the form includes a straight hole or a curved hole, and the bending of the curved hole includes bending of one or more dimensions;
  • a fluid-driven spin projectile comprising: a layer of a layer or a bullet shell and a steel core, or a steel core only, that is, a pure steel projectile, or a coating or coating of a steel core, or a heat treatment thereof Change one or more of its properties such as plasticity, elasticity, air tightness, smoothness, and friction coefficient.
  • the force is much smaller than that of the conventional line body tube, and the inner wall of the body tube fits with the shape of the projectile, and the gunpowder gas can be sealed without a large deformation, so the projectile is
  • the structural requirements are simplified, and the lead-clamp-related processes and materials can be omitted, and only a portion of the projectile that is in contact with the crucible wall is coated with a coating or coating.
  • Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are projectiles in which six straight vortex grooves are symmetrically arranged
  • Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional isometric view, in which 1 is a volute groove, 2 is a bottom surface of the projectile, and 3 and 4 are both vortex groove façades. 5 is the bottom surface of the scroll groove.
  • Figure 7 is a three-dimensional front view or front view, in which 1 is a scroll groove and 2 is a bottom surface of the projectile.
  • Fig. 8 is a projectile in which three curved scroll grooves are symmetrically arranged, and the length, width, angle, curvature, height, shape and the like of the scroll grooves in each figure can be further adjusted as needed.
  • Fig. 9 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a projectile with five spiral through holes
  • Fig. 10 is a corresponding two-dimensional wire block diagram, and the through hole is most clearly represented by a wire block diagram
  • Fig. 11 is a front view or a front view two-dimensional wire block diagram.
  • 1 is a spiral through hole
  • 2 are the bottom surface of the projectile. It can be seen that in this example, the spiral through hole passes from the bottom of the projectile to the side of the rear part of the projectile.
  • Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 are three-dimensional schematic diagrams and two-dimensional wireframes of projectiles with four spiral through holes.
  • the through holes are short, and the outer side of the projectile from the bottom of the projectile to the rear of the projectile is cut off.
  • the spinning efficiency is low, but when the gunpowder gas pressure is sufficient, the projectile can be screwed, and during the whole operation of the projectile after the exiting, the airflow flows backward through the through hole, thereby pushing the side effect of the reversely rotating the projectile.
  • the advantage of guiding the gas to the tail to reduce the differential pressure before and after the projectile is also reduced. This scheme can be used with or without the elastic band.
  • the scroll groove is difficult to process and has a large influence on the aerodynamic shape of the projectile, which may result in Large wind resistance.
  • the outer ballistic airflow through the scroll through hole can be adjusted by adjusting the length and size of the hole, the number of through holes, and the various inclination angles and shapes of the through holes.
  • the projectile can also be adjusted if necessary to adjust the windward taper of the scroll through hole to increase or decrease the screwing force.
  • the scroll hole is a blind hole
  • the scroll hole has an opening only at the rear end
  • the blind hole is filled with an energetic material such as gunpowder, and the burning speed thereof is not higher than the
  • the speed of the propellant used in the projectile is fixed in the blind hole and can be fixed by an adhesive, preferably an energetic binder, including a fire rubber.
  • the energetic material in the blind hole will continue to burn, which can push the projectile forward in the driving section, and can also rotate the projectile in the twisting section.
  • the projectile can continue to be screwed, and the generated gas can also replenish the vacuum behind the projectile, reducing the pressure difference between the front and the back of the projectile.
  • the length of the twisting section can be compressed, and the length of the front drive section can be increased to obtain a higher shot kinetic energy. If necessary, the twisting section can be eliminated, and even the transition section can be further compressed to a minimum.
  • This vortex blind hole projectile can also be directly used for the existing pure thread tube or pure sliding body tube weapon.
  • Such a scroll blind hole and a scroll through hole and a scroll groove can also be used in combination in the above various schemes, that is, one or more of a spiral through hole, a blind hole, and a scroll groove are simultaneously present on the projectile.
  • a scroll blind hole and a scroll through hole and a scroll groove can also be used in combination in the above various schemes, that is, one or more of a spiral through hole, a blind hole, and a scroll groove are simultaneously present on the projectile.
  • the scroll or scroll may not pass through the belt, but may be cut behind it, or may pass through all or part of the belt under the belt.
  • Fig. 16 and Fig. 17 show the projectiles with five spiral through holes.
  • the spiral through holes are opened from the rear of the projectile and enter the interior of the projectile.
  • a total of two elastic bands are passed from the bottom of the elastic band to the surface of the projectile.
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional axis
  • Fig. 17 is a corresponding wire block diagram.
  • 1 is a spiral through hole
  • 2 is a spring band
  • 3 is a spring band
  • 4 is a spiral through hole
  • 5 is a bottom surface of the projectile.
  • 6 in Fig. 17 is a spiral through hole.
  • Fig. 18 and Fig. 19 show the case where the spiral through hole passes through one elastic band to the middle of the two elastic bands.
  • the through hole can also be behind the elastic band, not through the elastic band, and obviously the vortex blind hole is also the same.
  • 1 is the elastic band
  • 2 is the elastic band
  • 3 is the spiral through hole
  • 4 is the spiral through hole
  • the projectile When the multi-segment body tube is used to launch the fluid to propel the spin projectile, the projectile first passes through the front segment of the body tube, and at least a portion of the projectile has a interference fit with the body tube, so that the projectile is in close contact with the wall of the jaw.
  • the propellant gas is enclosed, forcing the gas to push the projectile to accelerate forward movement in the body tube.
  • at least a part of the projectile is in clearance with the wall of the crucible, and the airflow enters the gap through the scroll groove or the spiral through hole.
  • the projectile is accelerated on the one hand, and the rotation is accelerated on the other hand.
  • the length of the body tube required for the sliding body tube to reach the same forward speed is lower for the ammunition of the same diameter and the propellant. Therefore, for a weapon system that uses a multi-segment barrel to launch the fluid to propel the spin projectile, there must be a specific length of the precursor segment.
  • the precursor velocity of the projectile is equal to the same caliber, the same propellant, and the same pellet form.
  • the exit speed of the wire rifle weapon, and the length of the precursor segment is significantly smaller than the total length of the body of the same diameter wire ⁇ weapon. Therefore, the length can be set to the reference length of the precursor segment and adjusted as needed to properly distribute the propellant energy between the precursor energy and the rotational energy of the projectile, and the precursor segment can be zero if necessary.
  • the longer the front drive section is, the higher the front speed of the projectile is, and the lower the rotational speed is.
  • the higher the speed the greater the wind resistance of the projectile, and the more the gas flow can flow through the spiral through hole and the scroll groove, thereby twisting the projectile.
  • various parameters can be combined, including the number, diameter, height, length, various inclinations, curvatures, curvatures, shapes of the scroll grooves or scroll holes, including the shapes of the faces of the scroll grooves, and the entire body of the weapon.
  • One or more of the length of the front section of the barrel, the length of the twisting section, the length of the transition section, and the transition curve are further adjusted to rationally distribute the propellant energy between the precursor energy and the rotational energy of the projectile.
  • the gunpowder gas still has strong pressure to push the projectile forward, and on the other hand, the propellant gas is screwed through the scroll groove or the scroll hole to ensure the stability of the ballistics, so finally guarantee Under the premise of shooting accuracy, the kinetic energy of the projectile's exit will be greater than the total length of the equivalent body, the same caliber and the same weapon with the propellant.
  • the scroll groove or the scroll through hole can pass under the elastic band, and extend from the rear of the elastic band to the front of the elastic band (the front of the projectile is the front, the bottom of the projectile is the rear, the same below), Therefore, the propellant gas in the precursor section will leak through the scroll groove or the scroll through hole. Because the pressure is extremely high, a large screwing force on the projectile is generated, but the friction is caused by the tight fit of the projectile and the wall. The resistance will make it difficult to rotate, and will cause the projectile to generate stress. After entering the twisting section, on the one hand, the friction that prevents the rotation will disappear quickly, but the screwing force will remain, and the bowstring will suddenly break after the bow is produced. The effect of the projectile will rotate at high speed.
  • the projectile in the case of using a scroll groove, by selecting an appropriate elastic band material, the projectile will be pressed into the front portion of the barrel due to its tight fit with the inner wall of the barrel (the wall).
  • the vortex groove blocks the vortex groove to avoid the leakage of the propellant gas.
  • the projectile reaches the twisting section, there is no pressure on the wall, and the elastic band returns to the original state.
  • the bulge blocks the gunpowder gas directly from the projectile and The gap of the stern wall is leaked, and on the other hand, the vortex groove channel is re-opened, so that the gunpowder gas is mainly circulated through the volute groove, thereby screwing the projectile.
  • the gunpowder gas can be used to push the core and twist the core, so the core does not need the tail.
  • the bounce structure can be simpler and can be shelled directly from the rear as a whole.
  • the tail of the core is designed to be a thick front and a thin tapered shape, or a taper-shaped front thick end with a thin cylindrical or truncated cone shape
  • the spring holder may be hollow or cup-shaped, including a bottom cup shape, or a thumbtack. Shape; its structure is symmetric or evenly designed along the central axis, when it is hollow or cup-shaped, including the bottom cup shape.
  • the hollow portion has the same front thick and thin taper as the rear of the core; thus the spring is like a taper sleeve, and is placed on the core from the back to the front.
  • the front armature and the stern wall are tightly matched, including the interference fit, so that the gas can be sealed, and since the gas thrust area of the plucking is much larger than the elastic core, the projectile is like a cone sleeve.
  • the same is pressed tightly on the core, pushing the projectile forward to accelerate, in the twisting section, through the scroll groove or the scroll through hole on the spring, the propellant gas is leaked from the gap between the projectile and the body tube, thereby
  • the projectile is accelerated forward, and on the other hand, the projectile is screwed, and the core is screwed by the friction between the spring and the elastic core;
  • the dimples comprise various forms, such as a taper, the taper is thick and thin, that is, close The bottom is thick and the inside is thin, and the spring is in a cup shape, including a bottom cup shape, and the bottom cup is provided with one or more through holes or grooves through the bottom of the cup, including the shape of the nail.
  • the taper of the spring projection is also concave with the bottom of the core.
  • the taper of the pit corresponds.
  • the brace can also be in the shape of a pin with one or more needle tips, that is, there is no bounce wall, only the bottom and the protrusion, the scroll groove and the scroll hole are arranged at the bottom of the bounce, the needle tip is corresponding
  • the protrusion of the bottom hole of the core is inserted into the bottom of the core, and the protrusion may also have one or more through holes or grooves for leaking air.
  • the concave of the core has a taper
  • the taper of the bottom of the spring is also The pits at the bottom of the core correspond to the pits.
  • the core is placed on the protrusion of the spring as a taper sleeve.
  • This connection between the core and the spring can also drive and twist the projectile, and after the exit, because the ball has a ride design and is symmetrical along the axis of the projectile, the bounce is also subject to the wind resistance and the axis. Symmetrical centering, and shelling back to the rear with respect to the core, at the same time, in order to avoid the formation of a vacuum between the core and the spring, it is difficult to remove the shell, and the bottom of the rack, that is, the bottom of the cup and the bottom of the pushpin can be left. There are enough holes or grids. This solution and the former solution can be used separately or in combination.
  • protrusions or grooves similar to the guide keys and the key grooves may be further disposed on the protrusions and the pit faces; or the pits and protrusions may be processed into a cylindrical shape, and the guides may be disposed thereon or External spline or spline-like structure, the inner and outer splines of the guide are limited in relative movement in the axial direction, and the reverse movement is free to be disengaged, and the bottom protrusion on the inner bottom of the bullet can also be disposed Air leakage through holes or gaps to avoid vacuuming in the dimples during shelling.
  • the inner and outer splines of the guides can also be tapped to facilitate the outflow during reverse movement.
  • FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 are examples of a bottom cup-shaped spring holder
  • FIG. 20 is a perspective view
  • FIG. 21 is a shaft line diagram in which a tapered pit is placed on the bottom surface of the core centered on the axis.
  • the inner bottom is also correspondingly provided with a conical protrusion, and the taper of the two is the same.
  • the part of the dimple of the elastic core such as a taper sleeve, is generally covered with a protrusion of the spring, and the concave and convex surfaces can also be similarly arranged.
  • the pit and the protrusion may be processed into a cylindrical shape, and a guiding inner or outer spline or a spline-like structure is provided thereon to twist the core, and is convenient Pulling back, the guide spline means that the spline is movable in the axial direction, but the relative movement of the spring and the elastic core in the axial direction has an extreme position, but the reverse movement of the spring and the elastic core in the axial direction is free. of.
  • the keys, keyways, internal and external splines, and the like can also be tapered to provide smoother axial movement.
  • the bottom bottom of the core and the bottom of the spring are raised, and both are arranged 2 or more, and both are arranged uniformly or symmetrically around the axis of the core, and the bottom protrusion of each of the springs is Corresponding to a pit at the bottom of a core, the body of the ball at this time comprises a hollow shape, a cup shape, a bottom cup shape, and a pin shape.
  • Figure 22 is an example of uniformly arranging a plurality of dimples and projections around the axis, the dimples and projections having corresponding tapers for easy insertion, twisting of the core and ejection, and the through hole at the bottom ensures When the shell is unsealed, no vacuum is formed between the inner and the core of the bomb holder, which makes it difficult to remove the shell.
  • the through hole of the convex portion ensures that no vacuum is formed between the spring projection and the core recess when the shell is unpacked, which makes the shelling difficult, and the spiral through hole extends to the middle of the two elastic bands, and of course, can be extended to other positions.
  • 1 is the elastic belt
  • 2 is the spiral through hole
  • 3 is the through hole on the bottom of the spring
  • 4 is the elastic belt
  • 5 is the spiral through hole
  • 6 is the through hole on the bottom of the elastic tray
  • 7 is the convex portion on the bottom surface of the elastic tray.
  • the through hole extends from the outer bottom of the spring to the tapered bottom of the inner bottom to avoid a vacuum between the spring projection and the core recess when the shell is unsealed.
  • the entire spring is placed in the direction of the arrow in the figure, and the core is sleeved, and the bottom of the core is a protrusion of the core, such as a taper sleeve, which is placed on the bottom of the spring.
  • Figure 23 is a three-dimensional schematic view of another angle, which can clearly see the protrusion at the bottom of the spring.
  • Figure 24 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the over-axis of the spring.
  • Figure 25 is a three-dimensional view of the other angle of the cross-section.
  • the belt and 2 are the wall of the spring. The taper can be clearly seen from the figure. When there is no such wall, the scroll groove and the scroll hole are arranged at the bottom, which is a figure-like shape, and 3 is the passage of the convex part of the bottom of the body.
  • the hole is 4, the bottom surface of the spring is raised, 5 is the bottom hole of the spring, and 6 is the elastic core.
  • Figure 26 is a left-hand two-dimensional wire block diagram of the core and the spring. The left side is the core and the right side is the spring holder. The tapered pit inside the core can be clearly seen.
  • the elastic support and the elastic core can be fixed by an adhesive, and the adhesive should have a small adhesive force or a tendency to lose the adhesive force at a high temperature.
  • the bounce and the core can be relatively fixed, which is convenient for handling, and after the firing, in the twisting section, the residual adhesive force can also help the buckling to twist the core, when the projectile is punched out of the body tube,
  • the adhesive that loses adhesion due to high temperature does not prevent the spring from being unshelled.
  • a ring protrusion can be formed by coating or other means on the body to obtain a similar elastic band effect.
  • the filling material may be a substance decomposed by pyrolysis, so that when the projectile is in the precursor section
  • the scroll groove or the scroll through hole is blocked by it to seal the gunpowder gas, when the projectile reaches the twisting section, the filler has been decomposed by high temperature, and the scroll groove or the scroll through hole smoothly guides the gunpowder gas to push and screw Projectile.
  • the number, height, length, angle with the axis, and other angles, curved arcs of the scroll groove or the scroll through hole is used to realize the distribution of the propellant gas energy between the projectile precursor speed and the rotational speed. If necessary, the relevant parameters can be taken as zero.
  • a body-worn weapon system comprising a multi-segment sliding body tube and a fluid-driven spin projectile, which may be a gun or cannon of various calibers, including a machine gun or a cannon, and various dense arrays, etc., through the multi-segment sliding body
  • the tube emits the fluid to propel the spin projectile.
  • a weapon system including a multi-section wire barrel and a non-fluid propelled spin projectile, through which the non-fluid propelled spin projectile including various standard or standard ammunition is emitted, which can be various calibers Guns or cannons, including machine guns or cannons, as well as various dense arrays. Due to the huge interaction between the projectile and the barrel in the precursor section, the interaction is gradually reduced due to the gradually increasing diameter of the barrel when passing through the transition section, so that the stress applied to the nozzle is gradually released. It avoids the sudden disappearance of the interaction between the projectile and the body tube when the projectile is released from the current weapon system, which causes the sudden change of the projectile stress, which causes its attitude change and affects the accuracy.
  • 1 is a spiral through hole
  • 2 is a spiral through hole
  • 3 is a fire guide hole.
  • fire guide holes There are a plurality of such fire guide holes
  • 4 is a bottom surface of the projectile
  • 5 is a bottom fire mounting hole.
  • Figure 28 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the axis of the bottom of the projectile, wherein Figure 1 is for the explosive chamber for explosives, 2 for the fire hole, 3 for the bottom end of the bullet, 4 for the fire hole, 5 for the bottom fire mounting hole, and 6 for the propellant Room, used to install the propellant column, the original propellant chamber is a tapered truncated cone, of course, can also be designed as a cylindrical shape, and can be combined with the bottom fire, so that the propellant and the base fire can also be combined with the existing
  • the mortars of the mortars are common, and the gun mounts and body sections can also be used with existing mortars.
  • This type of mortar shell utilizes the launching device of the existing mortar, because the body tube is slippery and has a clearance fit with the projectile, so the projectile can be directly pushed by the gas flow and the projectile can be screwed to obtain a stable ballistics.
  • the tail fin is saved, and the air resistance is greatly reduced because the projectile itself rotates. Therefore, the precision and range of the same caliber and the same propellant are improved, and the existing transmitter is used only to change the shell, and even the shell fire is General.
  • a multi-segment sliding body tube is used to launch a variety of existing stern-stable stable shelling munitions, including a weapon system with a stern-stabilized shelling armor-piercing projectile, due to certain interactions between the projectile and the body tube, including friction and bombs.
  • the resistance generated by the deformation of the belt or the belt gradually reduces the interaction through the transition section, so that the stress applied to the nozzle is gradually released, thereby avoiding the sudden interaction of the projectile in the current weapon system.
  • Disappearing resulting in a sudden change in the projectile stress, causing its attitude change and affecting accuracy, especially suitable for the large-diameter smooth-boist gun system that launches the tail-stabilized long-barrel armor-piercing projectile.
  • a forced-sagra system consisting of a multi-segment sliding body tube and a fluid-driven spin projectile that is loaded through the bottom and has advantages over the current mortar system.
  • the elastic band of the driving section is tightly matched with the wall of the crucible, it is possible to seal the propellant gas, and it can have a good centering effect, and at the same time, the bolus is rotated by the twisting action of the twisting section, thereby reducing the air resistance. Stabilizing the outer ballistic trajectory and attitude, so the range and accuracy of the mortar system are difficult to achieve with current mortar systems.
  • the mortar system has a high initial velocity and can be spin-stable, so there is no need for a tail. This makes the structure of the projectile simpler and cheaper. At the same time, because the speed is higher, the flight is more stable, and the missile itself can be eliminated. Strictly follow the aerodynamic principle, the head can be more blunt, the rear can be more compact and carry more explosives, while the bottom loading enables the operator to operate all the way, reducing the probability of injury.
  • a weapon system consisting of a multi-segment body tube and a fluid-driven spin-hulled projectile, the multi-segment body tube being in the form of the aforementioned slippery body, the fluid-driven spin-hulled projectile including a bungee and a spring core, and a brace around
  • the central axis is symmetrically designed and has a pocket at the front end, and a scroll groove or a scroll through hole is provided in the rear or tail portion of the spring.
  • the spring support is hollow, cup-shaped, including a bottom cup shape, a pin-shaped shape, wherein the cavity is a tapered front and thick round table or cone, and the rear portion of the core also has the same taper.
  • the bracket can be placed on the core from the back and forward like a taper sleeve.
  • a tapered pit may be provided at the bottom of the core, the taper is small outside and the inside is small, and the bottom of the jumper also has a corresponding taper protrusion to protrude into the bottom of the core.
  • the core becomes a taper sleeve, which is placed on the protrusion of the spring, and the convex part of the spring can also have a through hole to avoid the formation of a vacuum in the core pit when the shell is unshelled. It is difficult to shell or affect the attitude of the core.
  • part or all of the body of the body is tightly matched with the body tube in the front part of the body tube, including the interference fit, thereby sealing the gunpowder gas, and pushing the ball to the front through the gunpowder gas, while the bounce and the core
  • the connection between the taper sleeve, the bottom of the cup, and the push of the top of the pushpin enable the spring to accelerate the core forward; in the twisting section, since the gunpowder gas still has a large thrust, the hammer is pushed forward on the one hand.
  • an adhesive including an adhesive containing adhesive, which should have a small adhesive force or easily lose the adhesive force at a high temperature.
  • the bounce and the core can be relatively fixed, which is convenient for handling.
  • the residual adhesive force can also help the buckling to rotate the core, and when the projectile is punched out After the tube, the adhesive which loses the adhesive force due to the high temperature does not hinder the springback from being released from the shell.
  • the bottom of the bounce or/and the wall of the bounce can also be made of an elastic material, so that during the process of pushing the core in the brace, the bottom of the buck will generate compressive stress and Deformation, after the exit, the gunpowder gas disappears to the thrust of the ball, and the huge force between the bounce and the core will push the core to continue forward while pushing the brace back, thus accelerating the shelling.
  • This kind of shelling bomb is on the spring support due to the scroll groove and the scroll hole.
  • the shape of the core is almost unchanged, and only the bottom surface has a pit, so the aerodynamic shape of the core can be unaffected and can be kept very good. Aerodynamic performance.
  • the aerodynamically shaped standard projectile is used as the core, and is launched through a large-diameter bounce, so that a very long range and a stable ballistic can be obtained, and at the same time, due to the projectile.
  • the force between the body and the body tube is much smaller than that of the wire armor.
  • the body tube is small, the stability of continuous shooting is high, and the heat of the body tube is also reduced. Therefore, it is especially suitable for remote sniper rifles or anti-equipment rifles, light and heavy rifle machine guns. Or machine guns, high-altitude machine guns, and multi-tube dense arrays.
  • the standard or standard ammunition includes military, police or artillery shells of various calibers and civilian bullets.
  • a multi-section line tube including the drive section + transition section, or adding a clearance fit section
  • launching various existing standard or standard bullets or shells using a multi-segment slide body, including the drive section + transition section, or Add a clearance fit section, launch a variety of tail stabilizer stable shell bombs and so on.
  • the projectile stress is gradually released through the transition section, thereby avoiding the disturbance of the projectile posture caused by the sudden release of the stress from the existing weapon system to the body nozzle, and at the same time, a part of the gas can be released in advance through the clearance fit section to avoid a large amount of gas, which is suffocated by the projectile.
  • a part of the gas can be released in advance through the clearance fit section to avoid a large amount of gas, which is suffocated by the projectile.
  • This part of the gas has a propellant that is still burning and expanding, especially when the body is short, so the expansion is severe and hemispherical expansion (the gas has a precursor speed), so there is a strong reaction force on the body orifice, and this The reaction force acting on the body orifice is more difficult to control.
  • a spin projectile rifle weapon system that launches a fluid to propel a spin projectile through a conventional line.
  • the movement of the projectile in the raft is no different from that of the ordinary rifle weapon system, but after the exit, the airflow from the surface of the projectile is introduced into the vortex groove or the vortex through hole and guided to the bottom of the projectile, thereby filling the projectile at a high speed forward.
  • the vacuum generated behind the body thereby reducing the differential pressure before and after the projectile.
  • the surface airflow of the projectile flows through the scroll groove or the scroll through hole from the front to the back.
  • the projectile can also be rotated (of course, the rotation direction is opposite, so the relevant parameters of the scroll groove or the scroll through hole need to be).
  • the twisting of the bobbin is matched in the direction of the projectile, so that the rotation speed of the projectile due to friction can be avoided.
  • the outer ballistic airflow passing through the through holes can be adjusted to adjust the screwing force to the projectile, and if necessary,
  • the taper of the body can be adjusted to adjust the windward area of the inlet of the scroll through hole to adjust the screwing force and resistance.

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Abstract

一种流体推动自旋弹丸和多段式身管，以及由它们构成的武器系统，多段式身管通过身管形态调整身管与弹丸的相互作用从而提高射程和精度；流体推动自旋弹丸通过在弹丸后部或尾部设置涡形孔或涡形槽（1）来引导流体通过并拧旋弹丸，使弹丸通过流体作用形成自旋，而不用依赖于膛线。该弹丸可与多段式身管结合使用，在提高性能的同时降低成本。

Description

由多段式身管和流体推动自旋弹丸构成的武器系统和方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种在弹丸后部或尾部设置涡形槽或涡形孔，并与多段式身管相配合的武器系统，涉及枪、炮等身管武器，军事工业领域。
 背景技术
目前，各型身管武器系统除大口径滑膛炮等少数几种为滑膛武器外，绝大多数基本都为线膛武器系统。
线膛武器系统通过膛线对弹丸的挤压、和摩擦使其发生旋转，进而实现弹丸在飞行时的稳定。但这种方式必然产生弹丸和膛线的剧烈摩擦和切削，导致弹丸出口动能减小，同时也因为膛线的突起使得身管难以被弹丸或弹带密闭，发射药燃气由此泄露，进一步导致能量损失，而且这种膛线凸起还使得身管承压能力不高，制造的难度大、成本高，寿命短，尤其巨大的摩擦和切削往往使得，连续击发时身管极易发红，而一旦发红，膛线变软无法继续切削挤压弹丸，弹丸不能旋转，弹道质量则迅速下降。
因此，本发明提供了一种技术方案，通过在弹丸后部或尾部设置涡形槽或涡形孔，并与多段式身管相配合的武器系统，让弹丸通过流体推动进行自旋。从而免除与膛线的剧烈摩擦和切削，使得发射药能量尽可能转化为弹丸动能，并降低枪管成本，增加使用寿命和火力的持久性。
同时，依据目前的各种脱壳弹技术方案，在其基础上将其与前述技术方案结合，发明了一种新型脱壳弹、发射系统和脱壳方法。
 技术问题
目前弹丸保持飞行姿态减小阻力主要靠旋转，而让弹丸旋转目前只有靠膛线的挤压和摩擦让弹丸旋转，这种方法有种种缺点，但却几百年来一直沿用原因就在于很难找到其他方式让弹丸有效旋转，并且同时具备足够的初速。
本发明试图通过一种新的身管结构、弹丸结构和方法，依靠流体力学原理而非身管和弹丸间机械作用原理，让流体推动拧选弹丸，并让弹丸具备足够的前进速度和转速，避免因与膛线的剧烈摩擦、挤压、切削而导致能量损失，并降低枪管加工难度，降低成本，延长寿命。
同时，由于既有的身管武器系统，其身管与弹丸都有巨大的相互作用，而这种相互作用，往往要等到弹丸射出身管口时，才会突然释放，这种弹丸应力状态的突然改变，往往会对弹丸的运动姿态和轨迹产生影响，产生中间弹道，进而影响弹着点精度，本发明试图通过新的身管结构，让弹丸的应力状态能逐步释放，从而避免了弹丸应力状态突然改变导致的对运动弹丸姿态和轨迹的不利影响，减少甚至消除中间弹道。而且这种身管结构，还能预先释放一部分燃气，从而避免大量燃气，被弹丸闷住后突然在枪口集中释放时，其反作用力对身管的扰动。
与此同时，尾部通孔还提供了一种新的飞行稳定方式，在尾翼、旋转两种技术手段外提供了一种新的飞行稳定方式，并且这种尾孔稳定方式还可以分别和尾翼方式、旋转方式进行组合，实现复合稳定，提高稳定效率，而众所周知尾翼和旋转这两种稳定方式，通常是较难以组合的，
此外，众所周知，对目前广泛采用的口径始终一致的一段式身管而言，当弹药确定时，并非身管越长射程越长，而是当身管长度超过某个极限之后，身管越长射程反而降低，因此对一段式身管而言，一种既定弹药只能与一种确定长度的身管形成良好匹配，不能同时与两个身管长度相差显著的身管适配，如果强行匹配与其说该弹药能同时跟这两种身管适配，倒不如说其跟这两种身管都不能良好匹配。目前世界范围内枪族化已经成为潮流，而对同一枪族的多型身管长度和用途显著不同的枪械统一供弹也已经成为一种全球趋势，在这种形势下一种弹药要适配多种身管长度显著不同的身管已经成为世界性难题。由于一种弹药和多种长度身管间确实存在矛盾，因此必须通过引入新的变量来调节这种矛盾，否则单纯调整弹药性能是无法解决该问题的。本发明通过引入不同的身管形态来调节确定弹药和不同身管之间的矛盾，从而解决一种弹药和多种长度身管间的适配问题。
而且，在解决上述技术问题的基础上，将其与既有的弹托技术结合，通过在弹托空腔和弹芯尾部设置对应的锥度，组成一种锥套结构，发明了一种结构更为简单的脱壳弹、发射系统，及一种直接向后的脱壳方法，进一步解决目前脱壳弹，弹托复杂，弹托弹芯连接方式复杂，脱壳方式复杂，导致成本高，且影响弹芯精度的问题。
 
 技术解决方案
该发明主要包括：
1. 一种流体推动自旋弹丸，其特征在于，包括：在弹丸或弹托的后部或尾部，围绕所述弹丸或弹芯轴线对称设置或均匀设置涡形槽或/和涡形孔（或称斜向孔），所述涡形孔包括通孔或/和盲孔。当流体通过所述涡形槽或/和涡形通孔时，推动所述弹丸产生自旋。
 所述涡形槽或涡形孔围绕该弹丸或弹芯轴心对称设置或均匀设置，数量为2个或更多，该涡形槽的各面，包括压力面或吸力面均可以为平面或曲面，所述曲面包括一个或多个维度的弯曲；所述涡形孔为斜孔，孔的截面包括各种形式，如圆、椭圆或其他形式，孔的一个开口在弹丸底面或尾部或后部侧面，穿过弹丸从另一部位穿出时即为涡形通孔，不穿出时即为涡形盲孔，其轴线与弹丸轴线异面并呈一定夹角，必要时夹角可以为零，此时其轴线与弹丸轴线共面。形式包括直孔或弯孔，即轴线为直线或曲线，该曲线可以是一个或多个维度的弯曲，即弯孔的弯曲包括一个或多个维度的弯曲；
该涡形孔各处的直径可以是变化的，所述弹丸包括各种枪弹、炮弹，以及通过各种经流体推动发射的的鱼雷、导弹等。
2. 一种流体推动自旋弹丸，其特征在于，包括：有填充物以阻塞所述涡形槽或涡形通孔；所述填充物在高温下会迅速分解，以畅通所述涡形槽或涡形通孔，并引导流体，比如火药燃气，从中通过，来推动、拧旋弹丸；或在所述涡形盲孔中设置含能材料，所述含能材料然速不高于该弹丸所使用的发射药，以便持续燃烧喷射燃气从而推动并拧旋弹丸。
3. 一种流体推动自旋弹丸，其特征在于，包括：被甲层和钢芯，或仅有钢芯，仅有钢芯即所谓全钢弹丸。
4. 一种流体推动自旋弹丸，其特征在于，包括：对所述钢芯或全钢弹丸的部分或全部进行处理，所述处理包括覆层、涂层、热处理中的一种或多种。所述处理用于改变钢芯表面的属性，包括塑性、弹性、密闭性、光洁度、摩擦系数、防腐蚀性中的一项或多项。
5. 一种流体推动自旋弹丸，其特征在于，包括：弹丸表面，围绕轴心设置有一条或多条弹带或类似弹带的凸起，围绕所述弹丸轴线对称设置或均匀设置的涡形槽或涡形通孔位于该弹带或凸起的后方，或从下方穿过全部或部分该弹带或凸起。
6. 一种流体推动自旋弹丸，其特征在于，包括：在所述涡形槽或涡形通孔中，通过挤压弹带以阻塞所述涡形槽或涡形通孔；当所述弹带恢复，所述涡形槽或涡形通孔畅通，流体流过所述涡形槽或涡形通孔从而推动弹丸前进或旋转。
７. 一种多段式身管或变直径身管，其特征在于，包括：A段与B段或/和C段，或B段，或B段和C段，该Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三段为线膛管或滑膛管，所述A段与弹丸的部分或全部构成紧配合，包括过盈配合，所述C直径大于所述A段，并与所述弹丸的部分或全部构成间隙配合，所述B段其直径逐渐变大。
所述A段还可称为前驱段，所述B段还可称为过渡段，所述C段还可称之为拧旋段或间隙配合段。
所述前驱段和拧旋段之间的过渡可以是阶梯过渡、斜坡过渡、弧形面过渡，或特定的曲面过渡，让身管直径逐步扩大，上述各种过渡指在该过渡部分过轴线的剖面图中，过度部分的曲线简称过度曲线，呈现阶梯、斜线、弧线、或特定曲线。
过渡段的长度可以根据需要和相关计算及实验来选取，可以很长或很短，所述过渡段可以很长直至身管口附近，必要时身管还可以只包括前驱段，过渡段。
８.       一种多段式身管，其特征在于，包括：A段之后还可再跟一个缩喉段。所述缩喉段指身管直径先缩小，然后再恢复或继续扩大。
９. 一种使用滑膛身管和流体推动自旋弹丸的武器系统，其特征在于，包括：流体推动自旋弹丸和滑膛身管，通过所述滑膛身管发射所述流体推动自旋弹丸，所述滑膛身管包括定直径滑膛身管或多段式滑膛身管。
１０. 一种使用线线膛身管和流体推动自旋弹丸的武器系统，其特征在于，包括：流体推动自旋弹丸和线膛身管，通过所述线膛身管发射所述流体推动自旋弹丸，所述滑膛身管包括定直径滑膛身管或多段式滑膛身管。
11.       一种采用多段式身管发射非流体推动自旋弹丸的武器系统，其特征在于，包括：多段式身管和非流体推动自旋弹丸，通过所述多段式身管发射所述非流体推动自旋弹丸，所述非流体推动自旋弹丸包括各种口径的依靠身管发射，靠膛线旋转的枪、炮弹丸，以及无旋转靠尾翼稳定的弹丸，比如尾翼稳定脱壳弹的弹丸等。
12.       一种通过多段式身管发射流体推动自旋弹丸的武器系统，包括身管和弹丸，其特征在于，包括：身管为多段式身管，弹丸为流体推动自旋弹丸，通过所述多段式身管发射所述流体推动自旋弹丸。
13.       一种通过多段式身管发射流体推动自旋弹丸的武器系统，其特征在于，所述流体推动自旋弹丸上的涡形通孔或涡形盲孔为涡形槽、涡形通孔、涡形盲孔中的一种或其组合，包括在一个弹丸上可以组合设置涡形槽、涡形通孔、涡形盲孔中的一种或多种。
14.       一种流体推动自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹药，包括弹托和弹芯，特征在于，包括：
所述弹芯的尾部为前粗后细的锥形，或带有锥度的前粗后端细的圆台形；
所述弹托围绕所述弹芯或该弹托轴线对称或均匀设置，其整体呈空心状或杯状，包括漏底杯状，且空心状或杯状，包括漏底杯状的空心部分带有与弹芯尾部对应的前粗后细的锥度，所述弹托像锥套一般，从后向前套在所述弹芯上，并在出膛后，向所述弹芯后方脱壳，所述漏底杯状结构指杯底有用于透气的通孔或沟槽。
一种流体推动自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹药，包括弹托和弹芯，特征在于，包括：
弹托后部或尾部围绕弹丸或弹芯轴线对称设置或均匀设置涡形槽或/和涡形孔。
所述涡形孔包括涡形通孔或/和涡形盲孔，围绕弹丸或弹托轴线对称设置或均匀设置，所述涡形槽或涡形孔的设置方式与前述方式相同，数量为2个或更多，该涡形槽的压力面和吸力面均可以为平面或曲面；所述曲面包括一个或多个维度的弯曲；该所述涡形孔可以为2个或更多，形式包括直孔或弯孔，弯孔的弯曲包括一个或多个维度的弯曲。
16.       一种自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹药，包括弹托和弹芯，特征在于，包括：在弹托和弹芯之间有粘接剂，包括含能粘结剂，所述粘接剂粘接力较小或在高温下粘接力会迅速降低或消失。
所述弹托整体呈空心状或杯状，包括漏底杯状。且弹托的空心部分带有与弹芯尾部对应的前粗后细的锥度。
此时杯底可以承受火药燃气推力，推动弹芯，底面还可以设置透气的通孔或栅格，以免脱壳时弹托和弹芯之间产生真空，影响顺利脱壳。
17.       一种流体推动自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹，其特征在于，包括：弹托底或/和弹托壁采用弹性材料。
当采用杯状结构，包括漏底杯状结构时，弹托底或/和弹托壁还可以采用弹性材料，这样在膛内弹托推动弹芯的过程中，弹托底部会有产生压应力，弹托会产生形变，出膛后燃气推力消失，弹托底部和弹芯之间的压力和弹托形变仍然存在，因此弹托和弹芯会相互推动，在弹托底推动弹芯继续向前的同时，弹托向后脱壳，如同一张弹弓将弹丸弹出，和风阻一起完成脱壳。
18.       一种流体推动自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹，其特征在于，包括：所述弹芯底部有凹坑，弹托底部则有顶入该凹坑的凸起。
19.       一种流体推动自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹，特征在于，包括：所述弹芯底部凹坑有锥度，所述弹托底部凸起有与弹芯凹坑对应的锥度；或在所述凸起与凹坑面再设置键与键槽或类似的凸起与凹槽；或者将所述凹坑和凸起加工成圆柱形，并在该圆柱形的凹坑和凸起上设置导向的内或外花键或类似结构，所述导向的内、外花键沿轴向相对运动有限位，沿轴向反向运动则可自由脱出；或在以上所述弹托底部凸起上再设置漏风的通孔或沟槽，所述导向的内、外花键还可以加工出锥度，以便于反向运动时脱出，相对运动时有限位。
20.       一种流体推动自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹，其特征在于，所述弹芯底部凹坑和所述弹托底部凸起均有2个或更多，并都围绕所述弹芯或弹丸轴线均匀或对称设置，且每个所述弹托底部凸起均对应一个所述弹芯底部的凹坑，或在以上所述弹托底部凸起上再设置透风的通孔或沟槽。
当采用上述杯状，包括漏底杯状结构时，在所述凸起与凹坑面再设置类似键和键槽的凸起和凹槽，可以防止弹芯和弹托间打滑，顺利拧旋弹芯。这种锥尾脱壳弹的优点在于，受力的凸起或凹槽，包括涡形槽和涡形孔都在弹芯底部的凹坑内或者在弹托上，在确保顺利拧旋弹芯的同时，不会破坏弹芯的表面结构，最大限度保持了弹芯的空气动力学外形，确保弹芯的射程和精度。
21.       一种流体推动自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹武器系统，特征在于，包括：多段式身管，和自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹。
22.       一种用自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹发射次口径非流体推动自旋弹丸的武器系统，其特征在于，包括：多段式身管，和自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹，所述自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹的弹芯包括各种次口径的非流体推动自旋弹丸。
23.       一种弹丸自旋方法，其特征在于，包括：流体推动自旋弹丸；通过流体流过所述流体流过自旋弹丸上的涡形槽或/和涡形孔，推动或/和拧旋所述流体推动自旋弹丸。
24        一种弹丸自旋方法，其特征在于，包括：
流体推动自旋弹丸，通过对流体推动自旋弹丸的参数选择，使得发射药能量在弹丸的前驱能量和旋转能量间进行分配，或/和决定弹丸的旋转方向。
所述流体推动自旋弹丸的参数包括但不限于：涡形槽或涡形孔的数量、直径、高度、长度、各种倾角、弧度、曲率、形状、位置中的一种或多种。
一种多段式身管方法，其特征在于，包括：A段与B段或/和C段，以及B段，或B段加C段，该A、B、C三段为线膛管或滑膛管，所述A段与所用弹丸的部分或全部构成紧配合，包括过盈配合，所述C直径大于所述A段，并与所述弹丸的部分或全部构成间隙配合，所述B段其直径逐渐变大。
一种多段式身管方法，其特征在于，包括：通过对所述多段式身管的参数选择，使得发射药能量在弹丸的前驱能量和旋转能量进行分配，或调节弹丸飞行时的流体产生的阻力、拧旋力，或/和决定弹丸的旋转方向；
所述多段式身管的参数包括但不限于：身管全长、前驱段长度、拧旋段长度、过渡段长度、过渡曲线、以及缩喉尺寸、形状中的一种或多种。
27. 一种自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹的脱壳方法，其特征在于，包括：
1)，所述弹芯的尾部为前粗后细的锥形，或带有锥度的前粗末端细的圆台形；
2)所述弹托围绕所述弹芯或该弹丸轴线对称设置或均匀设置，整体呈空心状或杯状，包括漏底杯状，且空心状或杯状，包括漏底杯状的空心部分带有与所述弹芯尾部对应的前粗后细的锥度；
3)所述弹托像锥套一般，从所述弹芯后向前套在所述弹芯上，并在出膛后，向后方脱壳。
其中带有锥度的那部分弹芯和弹托的长度以及锥度大小可以根据需要设置，以保证弹托和弹芯的接触面，有足够大摩擦力便于弹托顺利拧旋弹芯。
28.  一种自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹的脱壳方法，其特征在于，包括：
所述弹托后部或尾部围绕弹芯或弹丸轴线，对称设置或均匀设置涡形槽或涡形孔。
弹托围绕轴心对称设计，底部或后部一弹丸或弹芯轴线为中心，围绕弹丸或弹芯轴线按前述方式对称设置或均匀设置有涡形槽或涡形孔，数量为2个或更多，该涡形槽的压力面和吸力面均可以为平面或曲面；该所述涡形通孔可以为2个或更多，形式包括直孔或弯孔，弯孔的弯曲包括一个或多个维度的弯曲。
当弹丸在膛内时，由于被封闭的发射药的推动，弹托像锥套一样被紧紧压在弹芯上，并在通过拧旋段时通过弹托与弹芯间的摩擦力对弹芯进行拧旋；
当弹丸离开炮口后，由于弹托风阻远大于弹芯，目前已有的各型弹托都有各种兜风设计，并由于弹托的对称性，因此弹托会相对弹芯向其后方移动，由此实现脱壳，并且因为存在前粗后细的锥度，因此脱壳过程对弹芯的影响极小，本发明所述前后，除特别指出外均以弹头为前，弹底为后。
29.   一种自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹的脱壳方法，其特征在于，包括：在所述弹托和所述弹芯之间有粘接剂，所述粘接剂在高温下粘接力会迅速降低或消失。这样一方面便于运输，一方面不会影响脱壳。
一种自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹的脱壳方法，其特征在于，包括：所述弹芯底部有凹坑，所述弹托底部则有顶入该凹坑的凸起，所述弹托采用空心结构、杯状结构，包括漏底杯状或图钉状结构。所述弹托从后向前安装在所述弹芯上，并在出膛后从前向后完成脱壳。
.一种使用滑膛身管发射流体推动自旋弹丸的方法，其特征在于，包括：流体推动自旋弹丸和滑膛身管，通过所述滑膛身管发射所述流体推动自旋弹丸，所述滑膛身管包括定直径滑膛身管或变直径滑膛身管。
32.一种用线膛身管发射流体推动自旋弹丸的方法，其特征在于，包括：流体推动自旋弹丸和线膛身管，通过所述线膛身管发射所述流体推动自旋弹丸，所述线膛身管包括定直径线膛身管或变直径线膛身管。
一种采用多段式身管发射流体推动自旋弹丸的方法，其特征在于，包括：通过变直径身管发射所述流体推动自旋弹丸。
34. 一种采用多段式身管发射非流体推动自旋弹丸的方法，其特征在于，包括：多段式身管和非流体推动自旋弹丸，使用所述多段式身管发射所述非流体推动自旋弹丸，所述非流体推动自旋弹丸包括各种口径依靠身管发射，靠膛线旋转的枪、炮弹弹丸，以及无旋转靠尾翼稳定的弹丸，比如尾翼稳定脱壳弹的弹丸等。
 
35.一种尾孔稳定系统，其特征在于，包括：在飞行器后部或尾部，围绕所述飞行器芯轴线对称设置或均匀设置涡形槽或/和涡形通孔，由流体流通过所述涡形槽或/和涡形通孔产生的作用来稳定飞行姿态，所述涡形槽或/和涡形通孔为2个或2个以上，所述飞行器为在流场中进行运动的物体。
36．一种尾孔稳定方法，其特征在于，包括：在飞行器后部或尾部，围绕所述飞行器芯轴线对称设置或均匀设置涡形槽或/和涡形通孔，由流体流通过所述涡形槽或/和涡形通孔产生的作用来稳定飞行姿态，所述涡形槽或/和涡形通孔为2个或2个以上，所述飞行器为在流场中进行运动的物体。
原理说明
当设置涡形槽或设置的涡形孔为涡形通孔时，在内弹道部分，在多段式滑膛身管前驱段，弹丸与身管至少一部分为紧配合，包括过盈配合，因此能封闭发射药燃气获得足够的前驱速度，到了拧旋段，弹丸与身管的至少一部分为间隙配合，火药燃气气流可以从各涡形槽或各涡形通孔中流过，其所产生的轴向力，方向相同，一起向前推动弹丸；其所产生的径向力相互抵消，其所产生的周向力相互叠加，让弹丸向一个方向围绕其轴心旋转，从而实现弹丸的自旋，既可以左旋也可以右旋。在外弹道部分，弹丸表层气流从前向后流过所述涡形槽或涡形通孔也可以拧旋弹丸，两种方式可根据需要选用。
当所述涡形孔是盲孔时，只在后端有开口，并在该盲孔内填充有燃速不高于发射该弹丸所用的发射药然速的含能材料包括火药，所述含能材料可以由粘接剂，优选为含能粘结剂，比如火棉胶等，固定在盲孔内。击发后，盲孔内的含能材料持续燃烧既能在驱动段推动弹丸向前，也能在拧旋段拧旋弹丸，出膛后同样能拧旋弹丸，同时产生的燃气可以补充弹丸后方的真空，降低弹丸前后压差阻力。
 有益效果
总体而言，该技术方案的具体有益技术效果包括如下内容中的一项或多项：
1．由于无论是多段式滑膛身管还是多段式线膛身管，身管与弹丸的相互作用相对一段式滑膛或一段式线膛身管均显著减小，因此火药燃气的能量可以更多转换为弹丸动能，从而实现在同等装药下提高射程；其中多段式线膛身管还能直接兼容流体推动自旋弹丸和既有的各种弹丸，并提升既有弹丸的性能。
2．其中滑膛身管耐压能力远超线膛身管，有利于延长身管寿命并开发更大威力弹药，且滑膛身管制造难度降低，成本低，寿命长；
3．只需对既有武器系统更换多段式线膛身管，即可在无需对既有弹药做任何改变的情况下，让既有弹药射程更远，精度更高；
4．由于无论是多段式滑膛身管还是多段式线膛身管，身管与弹丸的相互作用相对一段式滑膛或一段式线膛身管均显著减小，因此身管发热会明显减低，尤其连续击发时，枪管不易发红，即便发红，对弹道的影响也更小，火力持续性会更好，多段式滑膛身管尤其明显，这对需要长时间连续发射的机枪、机炮等压制性武器尤其重要；
5．由于与弹丸的作用减小，因此发热减小，身管后端的间隙增大还有助于散热，因此能降低挂铜，、积炭等问题发生概率，维护也会更简单轻松；
6．由于由于与弹丸的相互作用显著减小，尤其对于多段式滑膛身管其与弹丸的作用力更稳定，不再是线膛身管与弹丸作用的交变力，因此击发时枪口的跳动会明显减少，尤其连续击发时更是如此，因此连发精度会比既有的一段式线膛武器更高，这种连发时的枪口稳定性对自动武器非常有价值；
7．当同时采用多段式滑膛身管和流体推动自旋弹丸，通过外弹道气流来拧旋弹丸时，由于多段式滑膛身管没有膛线且内壁光滑，因此仅在前驱段与弹丸有相互作用，且作用力远小于线膛身管，同时身管内壁与弹丸外形契合，无需大的形变即可密闭火药燃气，因此对弹丸的结构要求变得简单，可以省去铅套相关工艺和材料，只需在弹丸上对与膛壁接触部分被甲或覆层、涂层或者进行热处理即可，甚至可以直接使用纯钢弹丸，从而显著降低成本，并提高生产率；
要求不高的情况下，甚至可以考虑使用无被甲的实心的纯钢弹丸只对其表明做增加塑性的热处理，或者只对该纯钢弹丸进行全部或部分涂层或覆层处理，比如铜，同时，因为没有了与膛线的剧烈相互作用，因此被甲和覆层材料不再需要像普通被甲材料那样强调塑性，因此材料选择范围更加广阔，从而可能进一步降低成本；
8．由于流体推动自旋弹丸具备自旋能力，因此当将该技术方案应用于脱壳弹时，无需尾翼稳定，因而其脱壳方式可以利用弹芯锥度和风阻，直接从正后方脱壳，这将使得弹托的结构大大简化，脱壳方式也更为简单，且显著降低脱壳过程对弹芯的影响，同时因涡形槽和涡形孔都在弹托上，弹芯的外形可以不受影响，或者仅在弹芯底面有凹坑，因此弹芯可以保持良好的空气动力学性能，底部凹坑还能改善尾部湍流，降低前后压差阻力，而且还可以用大口径发射药和身管，发射次口径弹药，从而获得极大的射程，尤其适用于追求射程的机枪、机炮、高炮、远距离狙击和反器材等武器系统；
9．该涡形槽或涡形通孔弹丸，还可同时兼容既有的一段式线膛武器，而且其通孔或涡形槽，有利于将附面层气流导向弹丸后部的真空，从而减小弹丸前后压差阻力，而且气流还能稳定弹丸的转速；
10．理论上可以使用大口径身管和发射药，通过脱壳弹方式发射任意次口径的各种现有标准弹丸或制式弹丸，以及各种非流体推动自旋弹丸；
11．无论对于分段式线膛身管还是滑膛身管，由于可以通过过渡段逐渐扩大身管直径来逐步降低身管和弹丸之间的相互作用释放应力，从而避免弹丸最后出膛时，膛线和身管作用力突然消失，弹丸应力突然变化导致的对弹丸姿态的扰动，提高精度降低弹着点散布；
12．无论对于分段式线膛身管还是滑膛身管，还可以以通过间隙配合段预先释放一部分燃气，避免大量燃气，被弹丸闷住后突然在枪口释放时，从而降低火药燃气后效应对弹丸出膛姿态的影响；
13．适用性广，技术方案可以应用于各种口径的身管武器，包括枪、炮、密集阵等；
14. 由于弹丸和身管的作用大大减小，因此弹丸表面不再有膛线切削出的刻痕，这种刻痕往往深入弹丸表层，同时极不规则，不但增加风阻而且影响弹着点精度，当采用多段式滑膛身管和流体推动自旋弹丸时，弹丸表面尤其完整；
15. 流体推动自旋弹丸可以通过外弹道气流拧旋弹丸，因此内弹道火药燃气可以更多地用于提高弹丸的初速，当与滑膛身管尤其是多段式滑膛身管配合时，提速更多；
16. 通过对需要统一供弹的多种不同武器系统的身管形态进行调整，可以让一种既定的弹药能更好地同时与多种不同身管长度，不同用途的武器进行匹配，解决统一供弹问题。
 17. 尾孔稳定提供了一种新的飞行稳定方式，并且这种稳定方式可以分别和尾翼方式、旋转方式进行组合，构成复合稳定，增加稳定效果，而众所周知尾翼和旋转这两种稳定方式，通常是较难以组合的，
 附图说明
本说明书一共有28张附图，其中图1至图五为多段式身管示意图，图6至图28为流体推动自旋弹丸示意图，在以下内容中将结合实施方式逐一说明。
实施方式
技术方案的主体包括以下几个部分，一个是身管，一个是弹丸、还有弹托及其与弹芯的连接，以下结合所附示意图逐一说明。
声明：为避免过于复杂，影响本领域技术人员读图，以下各图中特将一些本领域公知的且不属于本专利发明内容的部分，如弹托前部兜风凹陷等等做了省略。
多段式身管，包括前驱段与过渡段或/和拧旋段，该三段为线膛管或滑膛管，所述前驱段与弹丸的部分或全部为紧配合，包括过盈配合，所述拧旋段直径大于所述前驱段，并与所述弹丸的部分或全部为间隙配合，所述过渡段其直径逐渐变大。
所述拧旋段也可以称为间隙配合段，通常过渡段初现在前驱段和拧旋段之间，但也可以仅与前驱段构成完整身管。
具体包括但不限于至少以下几种典型身管实施方式：
1) 滑膛前驱段+滑膛过渡段；
2) 滑膛前驱段+滑膛拧旋段；
3) 滑膛前驱段+滑膛过渡段+滑膛拧旋段；
4) 线膛前驱段+线膛过渡段；
5) 线膛前驱段+线膛间隙配合段；
6) 线膛前驱段+线膛过渡段+线膛间隙配合段。
8) 线膛过渡段；
9) 线膛过渡段+线膛间隙配合段；
) 10) 滑膛过渡段；
) 11) 滑膛过渡段+滑膛间隙配合段；
即如前技术方案中所述，该三段的长度等参数均可调整，并在必要时取为零，本领域技术人员可根据需要选取不同的技术方案实施。
同时，在各方案中，前驱段之后或过渡段之前还可再跟一个缩喉段，即身管直径缩小，然后再扩大。
 对滑膛身管而言，当通过所述前驱段时，弹丸封闭发射药燃气从而对弹丸进行前驱加速，通过拧旋段时，发射药燃气流过弹丸或弹托上的涡形槽或涡形通孔，从而同时对弹丸进行前驱加速和拧旋加速。所述前驱段和拧旋段之间的过渡可以是阶梯过渡、斜坡过渡、弧形面过渡，或特定的曲面过渡，让身管直径逐步扩大，上述各种过渡指在该过渡部分沿轴线的截面图中，过度部分的曲线简称过度曲线，呈现阶梯、直线、弧线、或特定曲线。
对线膛身管而言，弹丸通过前驱段时，与既有线膛身管武器并无二致，而在过渡段，由于身管直径逐渐变大，因此膛线、身管与弹丸之间的作用力是逐渐变小的，因此可以避免既有线膛身管武器，弹丸最后出膛时，膛线和身管作用与弹丸的相互作用力突然消失，弹丸应力突然变化导致的振动，从而提高精度，降低弹着点散布。同时在间隙配合段还可以逐步释放一部分火药燃气，避免被弹丸闷住的燃气随着弹丸离膛，在身管口突然释放、膨胀，其反作用力对身管的扰动。
无论对滑膛还是线膛身管，过渡段的主要作用就在于逐步减小身管与弹丸之间的相互作用，降低弹丸应力突然变化对弹丸运动姿态的影响。
以下图1至图5均为此多段式身管的过轴线剖面示意图，为突出主要特征将一些细节包括壁厚等做了简化处理，图中某些曲线呈现细微的锯齿状为cad作图软件本身的缺陷所致。
如图1所示为阶梯过渡的多段式滑膛身管的剖面示意图，图中1为前驱段，2为过渡阶梯，3为拧旋段。
图2为斜坡过渡的剖面图，图中1为前驱段，2为斜坡过渡，过渡曲线为直线，3为过渡段，4为拧旋段。
图3为曲线过渡，图中1为前驱段，2为曲面过渡，过渡曲线为曲线，3为过渡段，4为拧旋段。
图4也为曲线过渡，但过渡段很长，一直延伸到了身管出口附近，图中1为过渡段，2为曲面过渡，过渡曲线为曲线，3为拧旋段，4为身管口。
图5 为过渡段一直延伸至身管出口的情况，图中1为过渡段，2为曲面过渡或斜坡过渡，过渡曲线为曲线或直线，3为身管口,此例中，从形式上身管只有前驱段和过渡段，没有明确的拧旋段，但在过渡段中仍可存在与弹丸间隙配合的部分。
以上各示意图虽然显示的是滑膛身管的情况，但对线膛身管也同样适用。
过渡部分的长度可以根据需要和相关计算及实验来选取，可以很长或很短，必要时所述过渡段可很长直至身管口附近。身管还可以只包括前驱段，过渡段。
一种流体推动自旋弹丸，即在弹丸尾部，以弹丸本身轴线为中心，围绕该轴线对称设置或均匀设置2个或2个以上的涡形槽或涡形孔，包括通孔或盲孔，所述涡形槽可以是直面或者曲面，所述曲面可以包括一个或多个维度的弯曲。所述涡形孔为斜孔，其一个开口在弹丸底面或侧面，从弹丸内穿过弹丸后穿出则为通孔，否则为盲孔，其轴线与弹丸轴线异面并呈一定夹角，形式包括直孔或弯孔，弯孔的弯曲包括一个或多个维度的弯曲；
同时，涡形槽的各个面之间，特别是底面和立面之间以及各涡形通孔的每个开口处，还可以做进一步的圆滑和过渡处理，以便将轴向流动的流体，包括火药燃气导为径向。
一种流体推动自旋弹丸，包括：被甲层或称弹头壳和钢芯，或仅有钢芯，即纯钢弹丸，或者对钢芯做覆层或涂层处理，或者对其做热处理以改变其塑性、弹性，气密性、光洁度，摩擦系数等性质中的一种或多种。用于分段式滑膛身管时，由于没有膛线且内壁光滑，因此作用力远小于常规线膛身管，同时身管内壁与弹丸外形契合，无需大的形变即可密闭火药燃气，因此对弹丸的结构要求变得简单可以省去铅套相关工艺和材料，只需在弹丸上对与膛壁接触部分被甲或覆层、涂层即可。
要求不高的情况下，甚至可以直接使用纯钢弹丸，或对仅该纯钢弹丸的部分或全部进行处理，所述处理包括热处理、涂层、覆层中的一种或多种，。
图6和图7为对称设置了6个直面涡形槽的弹丸，图6为三维轴测图，图中1为涡形槽，2为弹丸底面，3、4均为涡形槽立面，5为涡形槽底面。图7为三维主视图或前视图，图中1为涡形槽，2为弹丸底面。
图8为对称设置了3个曲面涡形槽的弹丸，各图中的涡形槽的长度、宽度，角度、弧度、高度、形状等等都可以根据需要进一步调整。
图9为设置5个涡形通孔的弹丸三维示意图，图10为其对应的二维线框图，通孔的情况用线框图表示最为清楚，图11为其主视或前视二维线框图。在此三张图中，1均为涡形通孔，2均为弹丸底面，可以看出在此例中涡形通孔从弹丸底部一直通至弹丸后部侧面。
图12和图13则为设置了4个涡形通孔的弹丸三维示意图和二维线框图，这个例子里通孔很短，从弹丸底面至弹丸后部的外侧面截止，这种设置方式拧旋效率较低，但在火药燃气膛压足够时，既可以拧旋弹丸，而且在出膛后弹丸的整个运行过程中，气流从通孔反向流过从而反向推动拧旋弹丸的副作用小，当然向尾部导气减小弹丸前后压差阻力的优势也减小了。无论有无弹带，均可使用这种方案，用涡形槽取代涡形通孔或与其组合使用也成立，但涡形槽加工难度稍大，而且对弹丸气动外形有较大影响，可能导致较大风阻。类似，对于通过外弹道拧旋弹丸的情况则刚好可以通过调整孔的长度、大小，通孔数量以及通孔的各种倾角，和形状等，来调整通过涡形通孔的外弹道气流从而拧旋弹丸，必要时还可调整弹体锥度，以调整涡形通孔入口的迎风面积来增加或减小拧旋力。
图14和图15为涡形孔是盲孔的情况，此时涡形盲孔只在后端有开口，并在该盲孔内填充有含能材料比如火药，且其燃速不高于该弹丸所使用的发射药的然速，所述含能材料被固定在盲孔内，可以由粘接剂，优选为含能粘结剂，包括火棉胶等固定。击发后，由于盲孔、倾角以及含能材料然速的关系，盲孔内的含能材料会持续燃烧，既能在驱动段推动弹丸向前，也能在拧旋段拧旋弹丸，出膛后还能继续拧旋弹丸，同时产生的燃气还可以补充弹丸后方的真空，降低弹丸前后压差阻力。
由于此时有盲孔中的额外动力拧旋弹丸，甚至在出膛后继续拧旋，因此可以压缩拧旋段长度，增大前驱段长度，以获得更高的弹丸出口动能。必要时可取消拧旋段，甚至并进一步压缩过渡段至极小，这种涡形盲孔弹丸还可以直接用于既有的纯线膛身管或纯滑膛身管武器。
这种涡形盲孔和涡形通孔以及涡形槽还可以在以上即各种方案中结合使用，即在弹丸上同时存在涡形通孔、盲孔、涡形槽中的一种和多种。
对于有弹带的弹丸，涡形槽或涡形孔可以不穿过弹带，在其后方截止，也可以从弹带下方，穿过全部或部分弹带。
图16和图17为设置了5个涡形通孔的弹丸，涡形通孔从弹丸后部开孔，进入弹丸内部，从弹带底穿过一共2根弹带，再通至弹丸表面。
图16为三维轴测示意图，图17为其对应的线框图，两图中1为涡形通孔，2为弹带，3为弹带，4为涡形通孔，5为弹丸底面。图17中的6为涡形通孔。
图18和图19为涡形通孔通穿过一根弹带，至两根弹带中间的情况。当然通孔也可以只到弹带后方，不穿过弹带，显然涡形盲孔也一样。
两图中1为弹带，2为弹带，3为涡形通孔，4为涡形通孔。
当使用多段式身管发射所述流体推动自旋弹丸时，弹丸先经过身管的前驱段，在该段弹丸至少一部分与身管为紧配合包括过盈配合，因此弹丸与膛壁密合，封闭住发射药燃气，迫使燃气推动弹丸在身管中加速向前运动，当进入拧旋段时，弹丸的至少一部分与膛壁为间隙配合，气流通过涡形槽或涡形通孔进入间隙流出，从而带动弹丸一方面加速向前，一方面加速旋转。
由于滑膛身管与弹丸的挤压、摩擦远小于膛线，因此对于同口径同发射药的弹药而言，滑膛身管达到同等前进速度所需要的身管长度更低。因此对于采用多段式身管发射所述流体推动自旋弹丸的武器系统而言，必定存在一个特定的前驱段长度，在该段末端，弹丸的前驱速度等于同口径、同发射药、同弹丸形态的线膛武器的出口速度，且该前驱段长度明显小于该同口径线膛武器的身管总长。因此可以将该长度设置为前驱段的基准长度，并根据需要进行调整，从而将发射药能量在弹丸的前驱能量和旋转能量间做合理分配，必要时前驱段可以为零。
一方面，身管总长等因素一定时，前驱段越长则弹丸的前驱速度越高，而转速则越低，拧旋段越长则前驱速度越低，而转速越高。同时在身管总长一定时，这两段的长度往往此消彼长，因此影响越发明显。另一方面，速度越高，弹丸的风阻越大，越能让燃气流更多地流过涡形通孔和涡形槽，从而拧旋弹丸。
因此，可结合各种参数，包括涡形槽或涡形孔的数量、直径、高度、长度、各种倾角、弧度、曲率、形状，包括涡形槽各面的形状、以及该武器身管全长、身管前驱段长度、拧旋段长度、过渡段长度、过渡曲线中的一种或多种，做进一步调整，将发射药能量在弹丸的前驱能量和旋转能量间做合理分配。
同时，由于在拧旋段，一方面火药燃气仍有强大压力推动弹丸向前，另一方面发射药燃气通过涡形槽或涡形孔对弹丸进行拧旋，保证弹道的稳定，因此最后在保证射击精度的前提下，弹丸的出口动能将大于同等身管总长度，同等口径和同发射药的线膛武器。
除了前述常规方式外，由于涡形槽或涡形通孔可以从弹带下方通过，而从弹带后部延伸至弹带前部(弹丸头部为前，弹丸底部为后，下同)，因此在前驱段发射药燃气即会通过涡形槽或涡形通孔有一定泄露，由于膛压极高，因此会产生对弹丸的巨大拧旋力，但由于弹丸与膛壁的紧配合因此摩擦阻力将使其难以旋转，并会让弹丸产生应力，而进入拧旋段后，一方面，阻止旋转的摩擦力迅速消失，但拧旋力依旧保持，此时会产生类似张弓后弓弦突然绷断的效应，弹丸会高速旋转。
这种方案可以应用于，需要特别高速旋转的情况。
特别地，对于使用涡形槽的情况，可通过选取恰当的弹性弹带材料，将使弹丸在前驱段时，因其与身管内壁（膛壁）的紧配合，而使得弹带被压入涡形槽，从而堵住涡形槽避免发射药燃气泄露，而当弹丸到达拧旋段后，没有了膛壁的压力，弹带恢复原状态，一方面凸起从而阻挡火药燃气直接从弹丸与膛壁的间隙外泄，另一方面重新让开涡形槽通道，使得火药燃气主要通过涡形槽绕过弹带外泄，从而拧旋弹丸。在此基础上，还可以进一步在弹带底部设置特定形状的，向涡形槽凸入的凸出块，这样在前驱段，弹带被压，凸出部被向轴心压，从而到达涡形槽底部，封堵涡形槽，而在拧旋段，弹带形状恢复，凸出部脱离涡形槽底部，涡形槽畅通火药燃气从涡形槽流过从而拧旋弹丸。
使用该流体推动自旋技术方案的锥尾脱壳弹，由于弹托上设置了涡形槽或涡形孔，可以利用火药燃气推动弹芯并拧旋弹芯，因此弹芯不再需要尾翼来稳定，由此弹托结构可以更简单，可以作为一个整体直接从后方脱壳。
即将弹芯的尾部设计为前粗后细的锥形，或带有锥度的前粗末端细的圆柱或圆台形，而该弹托可以为空心状或杯状，包括漏底杯状，或图钉状；其结构沿中轴线对称或均匀设计，当为空心状或杯状，包括漏底杯状时。其空心部分带有与弹芯后部相同的前粗后细的锥度；这样所述弹托像锥套一般，从后向前套在弹芯上。
使用前述多段式身管发射时，在前驱段弹托和膛壁为紧配合，包括过盈配合，因此能密闭燃气，同时由于弹托的燃气推力面积远大于弹芯，因此弹托像锥套一样被紧紧压在弹芯上，推动弹丸向前加速，在拧旋段，通过弹托上的涡形槽或涡形通孔，发射药燃气从弹丸和身管的间隙外泄，从而一方面推动弹丸向前加速，另一方面对弹托拧旋，并通过弹托与弹芯间的摩擦力带动弹芯进行拧旋；
当弹丸离开炮口后，由于弹托风阻远大于弹芯，并由于弹托迎风面的对称性，和其整体的对称性，因此弹托会相对弹芯向正后方移动，像锥套脱出一样实现脱壳，并且脱壳过程对弹芯的影响极小。
还可以在弹芯底部以弹芯轴线为中心，设置一个或围绕该中心均匀设置或对称设置多个凹坑，凹坑包括各种形式，比如锥形，其锥度为外粗里细，即靠近底口粗，内部细，而弹托此时则呈现杯状，包括漏底杯状，所述漏底杯状指杯底设有一个或多个透风的通孔或沟槽，包括图钉状也可以如此，此时对应的弹托的底部有还一个或多个对应顶入弹芯底部凹坑的凸起，当弹芯凹坑有锥度时，弹托凸起的锥度也与弹芯底部凹坑的锥度对应。
或者弹托也可呈有一个或多个针尖的图钉状，即没有弹托壁，只有弹托底和凸起，涡形槽和涡形孔则设置在弹托底部，所述针尖即为对应顶入弹芯底部凹坑的凸起，所述凸起上还可以有一个或多个漏风的通孔或沟槽，当弹芯的凹坑有锥度时，弹托底部凸起的锥度也与弹芯底部的凹坑对应。
此时在这个部分，弹芯则如锥套般套在弹托的凸起上。弹芯和弹托之间的这种连接同样可以驱动和拧旋弹丸，并且出膛后，由于弹托有兜风设计，而且沿着弹丸轴线对称，因此弹托同样因所受风阻大且以轴线为中心对称，而相对于弹芯向正后方脱壳，同时，为避免在弹芯和弹托间形成真空，造成脱壳困难，还可将弹托的底部，即杯底和图钉底部留下足够的空洞或栅格，这种方案和前一种方案可以分别单独使用，也可以组合使用。
同时，在所述凸起与凹坑面还可再设置类似导向键与键槽的凸起或凹槽；或者将所述凹坑和凸起加工成圆柱形，并在其上设置导向的内或外花键或类似花键的结构，所述导向的内、外花键沿轴向相对运动有限位，而反向运动则可自由脱出，在所述弹托内底部凸起上还可以设置有漏风的通孔或缝隙，以避免脱壳时凹坑内产生真空阻碍脱壳，所述导向的内、外花键还可以加工出锥度，以便于反向运动时脱出。
如图20和图21就是漏底杯状弹托的例子，图20为立体示意图，图21为轴测线框图，其中在弹芯底面以轴心为中心设置了一个锥形凹坑，弹托内底部也对应设置一个锥形凸起，两者锥度相同，装配时弹芯的该部分凹坑如锥套一般套上弹托的凸起，所述凹坑和凸起面上还可以设置类似导向键与键槽的凸起或凹槽；还可以将凹坑和凸起加工成圆柱形，并在其上设置导向的内或外花键或类似花键的结构以拧旋弹芯，并方便向后脱出，所述导向花键指花键在轴向是活动的，但弹托和弹芯在轴向的相对运动有极限位置，但弹托和弹芯在轴向的反向运动是自由的。所述键、键槽、内外花键及类似机构，还可以设置锥度，以便其轴向运动更为顺畅。
作为优选，可以将所述弹芯底部凹坑和弹托底部凸起，且均设置2个或更多，并都围绕弹芯轴线均匀或对称设置，且每个所述弹托底部凸起均对应一个弹芯底部的凹坑，此时弹托整体包括空心状、杯状、漏底杯状、图钉状。
图22是一个围绕轴线均匀设置多个凹坑和凸起的例子，所述凹坑和凸起均有对应的锥度，以方便顶入、拧旋弹芯和脱出，而底部的通孔保证了脱壳时弹托杯内与弹芯间不会形成真空，导致脱壳困难。凸起部位通孔则保证脱壳时弹托凸起与弹芯凹坑间不形成真空，导致脱壳困难，涡形通孔延伸至两条弹带中间，当然也可以延伸至其他位置。
图中1为弹带，2为涡形通孔，3为弹托底面通孔，4为弹带，5为涡形通孔，6为弹托底面通孔，7为弹托底面凸起部位的通孔，该通孔从弹托外底部，直通内底部的带锥度的凸起，避免脱壳时在弹托凸起和弹芯凹坑间产生真空。整个弹托按照图中箭头所指方向，锥套般套上弹芯，而在弹芯底面则是弹芯凹坑如锥套般套上弹托底部的凸起，所述弹芯可以是各种标准的或制式枪弹或炮弹弹丸或其他非流体推动自旋弹丸。
图23为其另一个角度的三维示意图，可以看清楚弹托底部的凸起，图24为弹托的过轴线的三维剖面示意图，图25为其剖面另一个角度三维示意图，图中1为弹带，2为弹托壁，从图中可以明确看到其锥度，当没有此弹托壁，涡形槽和涡形孔设置在底部即为图钉状，3为弹托底面凸起部位的通孔，4为弹托内底面凸起，5为弹托底部通孔，6为弹弹芯。
图26为所述弹芯和弹托的左视二维线框图，左边为弹芯，右边为弹托，可以清楚地看到弹芯内部的带锥度的凹坑。
在上述各方案里，弹托和弹芯之间都可以通过粘结剂进行固定，所述粘结剂应该是粘结力较小，或高温下易于失去粘结力的。这样一方面在运输过程中弹托和弹芯能相对固定，便于搬运，而击发后在拧旋段，其残存的粘结力还能帮助弹托拧旋弹芯，当弹丸冲出身管后，因高温失去粘接力的粘结剂也不会阻碍弹托向后脱壳。
对于没有弹带的弹丸，可以通过在弹体上通过覆层或其他手段形成出一圈凸起，从而获得类似弹带的效果，当这种凸起设置在涡形通孔开口的前方，可以挤开一部分附面层气流，从而减少附面层气流进入涡形槽或涡形通孔，影响弹丸姿态。
此外，对于上述有弹带和无弹带的所有情况，还可以在涡形槽或涡形通孔中填充特定填充物，所述填充物可以是遇高温分解的物质，这样当弹丸在前驱段时，涡形槽或涡形通孔被其堵塞从而密闭火药燃气，而当弹丸到达拧旋段时，该填充物已经被高温分解，涡形槽或涡形通孔畅通引导火药燃气推动拧旋弹丸。
同时，可以根据不同的弹种需求，通过进一步的计算和实验，来选择配置所述涡形槽或涡形通孔的数量、高度、长度、与轴线的角度以及其他诸多角度、弯曲的弧度、涡形槽各面的形状、包括弹尾锥形状和尺寸来实现发射药燃气能量在弹丸前驱速度和旋转速度之间的分配，必要时相关参数可以根据需要取为零。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
一种包括多段式滑膛身管和流体推动自旋弹丸的身管武器系统，可以是各种口径的枪或炮，包括机枪或机炮，以及各种密集阵等，通过所述多段式滑膛身管发射所述流体推动自旋弹丸。
一种包括多段式线膛身管和非流体推动自旋弹丸的武器系统，通过所述多段式线膛身管发射包括各种标准或制式弹药在内的非流体推动自旋弹丸，可以是各种口径的枪或炮，包括机枪或机炮，以及各种密集阵。由于在前驱段弹丸和身管有巨大的相互作用，通过过渡段时，由于身管直径逐步增大，因此该相互作用逐步降低，这样弹丸出身管口时，其所受应力已经逐步释放，从而避免了目前线膛武器系统中弹丸出管时弹丸与身管的相互作用突然消失，从而导致弹丸应力突然变化从而造成其姿态改变并影响精度的情况。
一种使用滑膛身管和前述流体推动自旋弹丸的武器系统，所述滑膛身管与所述流体推动自旋弹丸的部分或全部构成间隙配合，该系统典型用途为迫击炮。如图27所示，图中1为涡形通孔，2为涡形通孔，3为导火孔，这样的导火孔有多个，4为弹丸底面，5为底火安装孔。
图28弹丸底部的过轴线的剖面示意图，其中图1为炸药室用于放置炸药，2为导火孔，3为弹底端面，4为导火孔，5为底火安装孔，6为发射药室，用于安装发射药柱，图示原本发射药室为带锥度的圆台，当然也可以设计为圆柱形，而且可以和底火合二为一，这样一来发射药和底火还可以与既有的迫击炮弹的发射药柱通用，炮架和身管部分也可以和既有的迫击炮通用。
这种迫击炮弹利用了既有迫击炮的发射器具，因为其身管为滑膛且与弹丸为间隙配合，因此可以靠燃气流直接推动弹丸并拧旋弹丸以获得稳定的弹道，由此可以省却尾翼，同时因为弹丸自身旋转因此空气阻力大大减小，因此在同口径同等等发射药下精度和射程都会有所提高，并且最大限度利用了既有发射器只需要换炮弹，甚至炮弹底火都通用。
一种使用多段式滑膛身管发射既有的各型尾翼稳定脱壳弹，包括尾翼稳定脱壳穿甲弹的武器系统，由于在前驱段弹丸和身管仍有一定的相互作用，包括摩擦力和弹托或弹带变形产生的阻力，通过过渡段逐步降低所述相互作用，这样弹丸出身管口时，其所受应力已经逐步释放，从而避免了目前武器系统中弹丸出管时所述相互作用突然消失，导致弹丸应力突然变化从而造成其姿态改变并影响精度，特别适用于发射尾翼稳定长杆穿甲弹的大口径滑膛炮系统。
一种由多段式滑膛身管和流体推动自旋弹丸组成的迫榴炮系统，该迫榴炮通过底部装弹，相对于目前的迫击炮系统有种种优势。首先因为在驱动段弹带与膛壁是紧配合，从而可以密闭发射药燃气，并且可以有良好的定心效果，同时通过拧旋段的拧旋作用，让弹丸自旋，从而减少空气阻力，稳定外弹道轨迹和姿态，因此该迫击炮系统的射程和精度都是目前迫击炮系统所难以达到的。
同时该迫击炮系统因为有较高的初速并能自旋稳定，因此无需尾翼，这使得炮弹的结构更简单，成本更低，同时因为速度更高，飞行更稳定，弹体本身可以无需过于严格地遵循空气动力学原理，头部可以更园钝，后部可以更敦实从而携带更多炸药，同时底部装填能使操作人员全程匍匐操作，降低伤亡概率。
还可以同时实现直瞄射击，配上弹鼓、连发机构和瞄具甚至可以简单实现连发自动射击。
一种由多段式身管和流体推动自旋脱壳弹丸组成的武器系统，所述多段式身管为前述滑膛形式，所述流体推动自旋脱壳弹丸包括弹托和弹芯，弹托围绕中轴线对称设计，并在前端有兜风的凹槽，且在该弹托后部或尾部按前述方式设置有涡形槽或涡形通孔。同时该弹托为空心状、杯状，包括漏底杯状，图钉状，其中空腔为带有锥度的前粗后细的圆台或圆锥，同时弹芯的后部也有相同的锥度，这样弹托可以从后向前如锥套一样套在弹芯上。
[0134] 类似地，也可以在弹芯底部设置带锥度的凹坑，其锥度为外大里小，而弹托底部也同样有一个带有对应锥度的凸起，以顶入弹芯底部的凹坑，此时在这个部分，弹芯则变成了锥套，套在弹托的凸起上，弹托的凸起部位还可以有通孔，避免脱壳时在弹芯凹坑内形成真空导致脱壳困难或影响弹芯姿态。
当弹丸激发时，在身管前驱段，弹托的部分或全部与身管为紧配合，包括过盈配合，从而密闭火药燃气，并通过火药燃气推动弹托向前，而弹托和弹芯之间的锥套连接，杯底、以及图钉顶部的推动，使得弹托可以推动弹芯向前加速；在拧旋段，由于火药燃气仍有巨大推力，因此一方面弹托被继续推动向前加速，同时另一方面因弹托仍被紧紧压在弹芯上，从而可以通过弹托和弹芯之间的摩擦力拧旋弹丸，对杯状或漏底杯状以及图钉状弹托而言，还可以通过底部的凹坑与凸起结构，拧旋弹芯，弹丸冲出身管后，此时由于弹托的前端的兜风凹槽设计，其受到的风阻远大于弹芯，且结构围绕弹芯轴线对称因此受力均匀，因此在风阻作用下，弹托相对于弹芯向正后方脱出，像锥套脱出一般，最大限度避免了对弹芯的干扰。
在弹托和弹芯之间还可以通过粘结剂固定，包括含能粘接剂，所述粘接剂应该是粘接力较小，或高温下易于失去粘结力的。这样一方面在运输过程中弹托和弹芯能相对固定，便于搬运，另一方面在拧旋段，其残存的粘结力还能有助于弹托拧旋弹芯，而当弹丸冲出身管后，因高温失去粘接力的粘结剂也不会阻碍弹托向后脱壳。
当采用杯状结构，包括漏底杯状结构时，弹托底或/和弹托壁还可以采用弹性材料，这样在膛内弹托推动弹芯的过程中，弹托底部会产生压应力和形变，出膛后火药燃气对弹托推力消失，弹托和弹芯间的巨大作用力会推动弹芯继续向前同时推动弹托向后，从而加速脱壳。
这种脱壳弹因涡形槽和涡形孔都在弹托上，弹芯的外形几乎没有改变，仅在底面有凹坑，因此弹芯的气动外形可以不受影响，能保持非常良好的空气动力学性能。同时因为可以使用大口径身管和大口径发射药，将气动外形良好的制式弹丸作为弹芯，通过一个大口径弹托进行发射，因此可以获得极远的射程，和稳定的弹道，同时因弹丸和身管间的作用力远小于线膛武器，因此身管跳动小，连续射击的稳定性高，身管的发热情况也会降低，因此特别适用于远程的狙击步枪或反器材步枪，轻重步枪机枪或机炮，高射机枪，以及多管密集阵。
一种采用多段式身管发射常规弹药的系统和方法，通过多段式身管发射包括各种口径的非流体推动自旋弹丸的各种制式或标准弹药，所述多段式身管包括滑膛或线膛，所述制式或标准弹药包括各种口径的军用、警用枪弹或炮弹以及民用枪弹。比如用多段式线膛身管，包括驱动段+过渡段，或者再加间隙配合段，发射各种既有的制式或标准枪弹或炮弹，用多段式滑膛身管，包括驱动段+过渡段，或者再加间隙配合段，发射各种尾翼稳定脱壳弹等等。通过过渡段逐步释放弹丸应力，从而避免既有武器系统至身管口才突然释放应力导致的对弹丸姿态的扰动，同时还可以通过间隙配合段预先释放一部分燃气，避免大量燃气，被弹丸闷住后突然在枪口集中释放时，其反作用力对身管的扰动。该部分燃气带有仍在燃烧膨胀的发射药，短身管时尤其如此，因此膨胀剧烈，且呈半球状膨胀（燃气有前驱速度），所以对身管口有较强反作用力，而且这种作用在身管口的反作用力较难控制。
一种自旋弹丸线膛武器系统，通过常规线膛身管，发射流体推动自旋弹丸。
弹丸在膛内的运动和普通线膛武器系统没有差别，但出膛后，通过将弹体表面气流引入所述涡形槽或涡形通孔，并导向弹丸底部，从而填补因弹丸高速向前而在身后产生的真空，由此减少弹丸前后压差阻力。
同时，弹丸出膛后，弹丸表层气流从前向后流过所述涡形槽或涡形通孔也可以拧旋弹丸（当然旋转方向相反，因此涡形槽或涡形通孔的相关参数需与膛线拧旋弹丸方向匹配），由此可以避免弹丸因摩擦导致的转速下降。还可进一步通过调整调涡形通孔的长度、大小，通孔数量以及通孔的各种倾角，和形状，来调整经过通孔的外弹道气流从而调整对弹丸的拧旋力，必要时还可调整弹体锥度，以调整涡形通孔入口的迎风面积来调整拧旋力、阻力。
 
 工业实用性
无论是多段式身管还是流体推动自旋弹丸，其相对既有身管和弹丸需要新增的工序很少，加工手段成熟，现有设备均可满足精度要求。于此同时，对多段式身管而言，还可以在无需对弹药做任何改变的情况下，通过更换新的身管让武器系统的性能明显提高，并可解决同一枪族的统一供弹问题，因此其工业实用性是毋庸置疑的。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (35)

  1. 一种流体推动自旋弹丸，其特征在于，包括：在弹丸或弹托的后部或尾部，围绕弹丸或弹芯轴线对称设置或均匀设置涡形槽或/和涡形孔，所述涡形孔包括通孔或/和盲孔。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的流体推动自旋弹丸，其特征在于，包括：被甲层和钢芯，或为纯钢弹丸，当采用纯钢弹丸时，对所述纯钢弹丸的部分或全部进行处理，所述处理包括热处理、涂层、覆层中的一种或多种。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的流体推动自旋弹丸，其特征在于，包括所述流体推动自旋弹丸的涡形通孔或涡形盲孔是涡形槽、涡形通孔、涡形盲孔中的一种或其组合。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的流体推动自旋弹丸，其特征在于，包括：围绕弹丸轴心在该弹丸表面设置一条或多条弹带，或类似弹带的凸起，所述涡形槽或涡形孔位于所述弹带或凸起后方，或从下方穿过全部或部分所述弹带或凸起。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的流体推动自旋弹丸，其特征在于，包括：在所述涡形槽或涡形通孔中，通过挤压弹带以阻塞所述涡形槽或涡形通孔；当所述弹带恢复，所述涡形槽或涡形通孔畅通，流体流过所述涡形槽或涡形通孔从而推动弹丸前进或旋转。
  6. 一种多段式身管，其特征在于，包括：A段与B段或/和C段，或B段，或B段和C段，该A、B、C三段为线膛管或滑膛管，所述A段与所用弹丸的部分或全部构成紧配合，包括过盈配合，所述C直径大于所述A段，并与所述弹丸的部分或全部构成间隙配合，所述B段其直径逐渐变大，所述身管
  7. 根据权利要求8所述的多段式身管，其特征在于，包括：A段之后或B段之前还可再跟一个缩喉段。
  8. 一种流体推动自旋弹丸滑膛武器系统，其特征在于，包括：权利要求1、2、5任一所述的流体推动自旋弹丸和滑膛身管，通过所述滑膛身管发射所述流体推动自旋弹丸，所述滑膛身管包括定直径滑膛身管或权利要求6、7任一所述的多段式滑膛身管。
  9. 一种流体推动自旋弹丸线膛武器系统，其特征在于，包括：权利要求1、2、5任一所述的流体推动自旋弹丸和线膛身管，所述线膛身管与所述流体推动自旋弹丸的部分或全部构成紧配合，包括过盈配合，通过所述线膛身管发射所述流体推动自旋弹丸，所述线膛身管包括定直径线膛身管或权利要求6、7任一所述的多段式线膛身管。
  10. 一种采用多段式身管和非流体推动自旋弹药的武器系统，其特征在于，包括：权利要求6、7任一所述的多段式身管和各种口径的非流体推动自旋弹药，通过所述多段式身管发射所述非流体推动自旋弹药。
  11. 一种采用多段式身管和流体推动自旋弹丸的武器系统，其特征在于，包括：权利要求8或9所述的多段式身管，还包括权利要求1、2、5任一所述的流体推动自旋弹丸。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的武器系统，其特征在于，包括权利要求3所述的流体推动自旋弹丸。
  13. 一种尾孔稳定系统，其特征在于，包括：在飞行器后部或尾部，围绕所述飞行器芯轴线对称设置或均匀设置涡形槽或/和涡形通孔，由流体流通过所述涡形槽或/和涡形通孔产生的作用来稳定飞行姿态，所述涡形槽或/和涡形通孔为2个或2个以上，所述飞行器为在流场中进行运动的器具。
  14.  一种流体推动自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹，包括弹托和弹芯，特征在于，包括：
    所述弹芯的尾部为前粗后细的锥形，或带有锥度的前粗后端细的圆台形；
    所述弹托围绕弹芯轴线对称设置或均匀设置，其整体呈空心状或杯状，包括漏底杯状，且空心状或杯状，包括漏底杯状的空心部分带有与弹芯尾部对应的前粗后细的锥度；
    所述弹托像锥套一般，从弹芯后向前套在弹芯上，并在出膛后，向弹芯后方脱壳。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的流体推动自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹，包括弹托和弹芯，特征在于，包括：弹托后部或尾部围绕弹芯轴线对称设置有涡形槽或涡形孔。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的流体推动自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹，其特征在于，包括：在弹托和弹芯之间有粘接剂，包括含能粘结剂，所述粘接剂在高温下粘接力会迅速降低或消失。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的流体推动自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹，其特征在于，包括：弹托底或/和弹托壁采用弹性材料。
  18. 根据权利要求15所述的流体推动自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹，其特征在于，包括：所述弹芯底部有凹坑，弹托底部则有顶入凹坑的凸起。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的流体推动自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹，其特征在于，包括：所述弹芯底部凹坑有锥度，所述弹托底部凸起有与弹芯凹坑对应的锥度；或在所述凸起与凹坑面再设置导向键与键槽或类似的凸起与凹槽；或者将所述凹坑和凸起加工成圆柱形，并在该圆柱形的凹坑和凸起上设置导向的内、外花键或类似结构，所述导向的内、外花键沿轴向相对运动有限位，沿轴向反向运动则可自由脱出；在以上所述弹托底部凸起上均带有漏风的通孔或沟槽。
  20. .根据权利要求18所述的流体推动自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹，其特征在于，所述弹芯底部凹坑和弹托底部凸起均有2个或更多，并都围绕弹芯轴线均匀或对称设置，且每个所述弹托底部凸起均对应一个弹芯底部的凹坑，此时弹托整体呈现包括杯状、漏底杯状、图钉状，或在以上所述弹托底部凸起上再设置透风的通孔或沟槽。
  21. 一种流体推动自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹武器系统，特征在于，包括：
    权利要求6或7所述的多段式身管，和权利要求14、15、17、18、19、20任一所述的自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的武器系统，其特征在于，所述自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹的弹芯为次口径的各种制式弹丸或标准弹丸。
  23.  一种流体推动自旋弹丸方法，其特征在于，包括：在弹丸或弹托的后部或尾部，围绕弹丸或弹芯轴线对称设置或均匀设置涡形槽或/和涡形孔，所述涡形孔包括通孔或/和盲孔，通过流体流过所述流体推动自旋弹丸上的涡形槽或/和涡形孔，推动或/和拧旋所述流体推动自旋弹丸。
  24. .根据权利要求23所述的流体推动弹丸自旋方法，其特征在于，包括：通过对所述流体推动自旋弹丸涡形槽或涡形孔的参数选择，使得发射药能量在弹丸的前驱能量和旋转能量进行分配或调节弹丸飞行时的流体产生的阻力、拧旋力，或/和决定弹丸的旋转方向；
    所述弹丸涡形槽或涡形孔的参数包括：涡形槽或涡形孔的数量、直径、高度、长度、各种倾角、弧度、曲率、形状中的一种或多种。
  25. 一种多段式身管方法，其特征在于，包括：A段与B段或/和C段，以及B段，或B段加C段，该A、B、C三段为线膛管或滑膛管，所述A段与所用弹丸的部分或全部构成紧配合，包括过盈配合，所述C直径大于所述A段，并与所述弹丸的部分或全部构成间隙配合，所述B段其直径逐渐变大。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的多段式身管方法，其特征在于，包括：通过对所述多段式身管形态参数的设计调整，使得发射药能量在弹丸的前驱能量和旋转能量进行分配或尽可能减少阻力，所述形态参数全长、A段长度、C段长度、B段长度、过渡曲线、以及缩喉尺寸、形状中的一种或多种。
  27.  一种自旋稳定锥尾脱壳弹的脱壳方法，其特征在于，包括：
    1)所述弹芯的尾部为前粗后细的锥形，或带有锥度的前粗末端细的圆台形；
    2)所述弹托围绕所述弹芯或弹丸轴线为对称设置或均匀设置，整体呈空心状或杯状，包括漏底杯状，且空心状或杯状，包括漏底杯状的空心部分带有与所述弹芯尾部对应的前粗后细的锥度；
    3)所述弹托像锥套一般，从所述弹芯后向前套在所述弹芯上，并在出膛后，向后方脱壳。
  28. .根据权利要求27所述的脱壳方法，其特征在于，包括：
    所述弹托后部或尾部围绕弹芯轴线对称设置或均匀涡形槽或涡形孔。
  29. .根据权利要求27或28所述的脱壳方法，其特征在于，包括：
    在所述弹托和所述弹芯之间有粘接剂，所述粘接剂在高温下粘接力会迅速降低或消失。
  30. .根据权利要求27或28所述的脱壳方法，其特征在于，包括：所述弹芯底部有凹坑，所述弹托底部则有顶入该凹坑的凸起，此时所述弹托采用杯状，包括漏底杯状或图钉状结构。
  31. 一种使用滑膛身管发射流体推动自旋弹丸的方法，其特征在于，包括：通过滑膛身管发射权利要求1、2、5任一所述的流体推动自旋弹丸， 所述滑膛身管包括定直径滑膛身管或权利要求6、7任一所述的多段式滑膛身管。
  32. 一种用线膛身管发射流体推动自旋弹丸的方法，其特征在于，包括：通过线膛身管发射权利要求1、2、5任一所述的流体推动自旋弹丸， 所述线膛身管包括定直径线膛身管或权利要求6、7任一所述的多段式线膛身管。
  33. 一种采用多段式身管发射流体推动自旋弹丸的方法，其特征在于，包括：通过权利要求6、7任一所述的多段式身管发射权利要求1、2、5任一所述的体推动自旋弹丸。
  34. 一种采用多段式身管发射非流体推动自旋弹丸的方法，其特征在于，包括：通过权利要求6、7任一所述的多段式身管发射各种口径的非流体推动自旋弹丸。
  35.  一种尾孔稳定方法，其特征在于，包括：在飞行器后部或尾部，围绕所述飞行器芯轴线对称设置或均匀设置涡形槽或/和涡形通孔，由流体流通过所述涡形槽或/和涡形通孔产生的作用来稳定飞行姿态，所述涡形槽或/和涡形通孔为2个或2个以上，所述飞行器为在流场中进行运动的物体。   
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