WO2018127015A1 - 含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2018127015A1
WO2018127015A1 PCT/CN2017/120156 CN2017120156W WO2018127015A1 WO 2018127015 A1 WO2018127015 A1 WO 2018127015A1 CN 2017120156 W CN2017120156 W CN 2017120156W WO 2018127015 A1 WO2018127015 A1 WO 2018127015A1
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compound
quaternary ammonium
ammonium salt
salt group
azobenzene derivative
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PCT/CN2017/120156
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张贯京
葛新科
高伟明
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深圳市前海安测信息技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2018127015A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018127015A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/16Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
    • A61K47/18Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
    • A61K47/186Quaternary ammonium compounds, e.g. benzalkonium chloride or cetrimide
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/127Liposomes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C245/00Compounds containing chains of at least two nitrogen atoms with at least one nitrogen-to-nitrogen multiple bond
    • C07C245/02Azo compounds, i.e. compounds having the free valencies of —N=N— groups attached to different atoms, e.g. diazohydroxides
    • C07C245/06Azo compounds, i.e. compounds having the free valencies of —N=N— groups attached to different atoms, e.g. diazohydroxides with nitrogen atoms of azo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C07C245/08Azo compounds, i.e. compounds having the free valencies of —N=N— groups attached to different atoms, e.g. diazohydroxides with nitrogen atoms of azo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with the two nitrogen atoms of azo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings, e.g. azobenzene

Definitions

  • Azobenzene derivative containing quaternary ammonium salt group preparation method and application thereof
  • the present invention relates to the field of stimuli-responsive carriers, and more particularly to an azobenzene derivative containing a quaternary ammonium salt group, and a process for the preparation thereof and use thereof.
  • the M NPs are a general term for micro/nanoparticles that are capable of responding to external/internal stimuli in a specific manner to achieve controlled release of internal drugs. Illumination can be precisely adjusted due to parameters such as intensity, wavelength, and illumination, and is non-invasive to organisms. Therefore, MNPs that can respond to light stimulation have broad application prospects.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a quaternary ammonium salt group-containing azobenzene derivative, a preparation method and application thereof, which can be prepared based on the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing azobenzene derivative.
  • M NPs that respond to light stimulation.
  • the present invention provides an azobenzene derivative containing a quaternary ammonium salt group, and has the following structural formula:
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above quaternary ammonium salt group-containing azobenzene derivative, which comprises the following steps:
  • the structural formula of the compound 2 is as follows:
  • the structural formula of the compound 3 is as follows:
  • the X 2 is OH or NH 2
  • the compound 1 is dissolved in dichloromethane, and then added triethylamine to obtain a first reaction solution;
  • A5 the solid is dissolved in dichloromethane, and is separated and purified by column chromatography.
  • the mobile phase is a mixture of petroleum ether and dichloromethane prepared in a volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain compound 3.
  • step A further includes the following steps: [0025] A0, the compound 5 is added to thionyl chloride, heated to 60-70 ° C, stirred overnight, and then removed unreacted thionyl chloride to obtain compound 2;
  • step B includes the following steps:
  • B l the compound 3, N-bromosuccinimide and benzoyl peroxide are dissolved in tetrachloromethane under an argon atmosphere, and heated to reflux for 12-72 hours;
  • step C includes the following steps:
  • step C2 the product of the step C1 was evaporated to dryness, and then dissolved in a mixture of diethyl ether and dichloromethane, which was prepared in a volume ratio of 5:1, and the solid precipitate was collected by filtration.
  • step C further includes the following steps:
  • the present invention also provides the use of the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing azobenzene derivative of the present invention for the preparation of a drug-coated photoresponsive liposome.
  • the drug is doxorubicin.
  • the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing azobenzene derivative of the present invention has a hydrophilic cationic quaternary ammonium salt group and a long-chain hydrophobic alkyl group attached to both ends of the azobenzene, which can be irradiated by ultraviolet light. A reversible conformational change can occur, and the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing azobenzene derivative according to the present invention can prepare a liposome capable of responding to light stimulation, and if the drug is contained in the above liposome, Controllable release of internal drugs Put on, reduce the side effects of the drug, and improve the treatment effect.
  • the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing azobenzene derivative of the present invention has a simple preparation method and a high yield.
  • 1 is a structural formula of a quaternary ammonium salt group-containing azobenzene derivative in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3 is a structural formula of a quaternary ammonium salt group-containing azobenzene derivative prepared by the second specific preparation example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing changes in ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of a quaternary ammonium salt-containing azobenzene derivative obtained by the third specific preparation example of the present invention after irradiation with ultraviolet light.
  • FIG. 6 is a photo-controlled release profile of a light-responsive liposome containing an adriamycin prepared by preparing a quaternary ammonium salt group-containing azobenzene derivative according to a third specific preparation example of the present invention.
  • an azobenzene derivative containing a quaternary ammonium salt group has a structural formula shown in FIG. 1, wherein 1 ⁇ is. 1 to 6 linear alkyl groups; 1 ⁇ 2 is. a linear hydrophobic alkyl group of 12 to 16; X is COO or CONH.
  • the linear hydrophobic alkyl chain at one end of the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing azobenzene derivative of the present invention can be inserted into the phospholipid bilayer of the liposome, and the hydrophilic cationic quaternary ammonium salt at the other end
  • the group can be oriented toward the aqueous solution outside the membrane of the phospholipid bilayer, thereby forming a regular arrangement in the liposome, and when the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing azobenzene derivative of the present invention is irradiated by ultraviolet light, Its conformation undergoes a reversible change.
  • the 1 ⁇ is. a linear alkyl group of 2 to 4, that is, an ethane group, a propane group or a n-butyl group.
  • the R 2 is a C12, C14 or C16 linear hydrophobic alkyl group.
  • the X 2 is OH or NH 2 ;
  • the structural formula of the first substrate is:
  • the inert gas includes at least one of helium, argon, helium or neon.
  • step A comprises the steps of:
  • step A methylene chloride is mainly used as a reaction solvent, and tributylamine is used as a catalyst; and step A4 can be realized by vacuum drying or rotary steaming.
  • step A4 can be realized by vacuum drying or rotary steaming.
  • the reaction is carried out to thereby produce the compound 3, which is more efficient than the method of reacting COOH in the compound 1 with OH or NH 2 in the compound 2 to form the compound 3, and the yield of the compound 3 is obtained.
  • step A further includes the following steps:
  • the thionyl chloride can be removed by vacuum drying or rotary evaporation.
  • the step B includes the following steps:
  • Bl the compound 3, N-bromosuccinimide and benzoyl peroxide are dissolved in tetrachloromethane under an argon atmosphere, and heated under reflux for 12-72 hours;
  • step B1 the benzoyl peroxide in step B1 is a catalyst; the powder obtained by suction filtration in step B2 is the crude product of compound 4; in step B3, the powder is washed with diethyl ether, mainly by unreacted impurities through diethyl ether. It is removed to play the role of purification.
  • the step C includes the following steps:
  • C compound 4 is dissolved in ethanol, and then added to the first substrate, reflux reaction 6-48 hours;
  • step C2 the product of the step C1 was evaporated to dryness, and then dissolved in a mixture of diethyl ether and dichloromethane, which was prepared in a volume ratio of 5:1, and the solid precipitate was collected by filtration.
  • the product of the step C1 may be evaporated to dryness by spin-drying; the solid obtained in the step C2 is a crude product of the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing azobenzene derivative of the present invention.
  • step C further includes the following steps:
  • the mixture of diethyl ether and methylene chloride prepared in a volume ratio of 5:1 can dissolve impurities which are not reacted, thereby purifying.
  • the structural formula of the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing azobenzene derivative is as shown in FIG. 2, and the preparation method of the azobenzene derivative comprises the following steps:
  • step S04 washing the powder obtained in step S03 with diethyl ether, removing unreacted impurities, to obtain compound 4 (4-bromomethyl-4'-n-tetradecyl alcohol carbonyl azobenzene);
  • the structural formula of the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing azobenzene derivative is as shown in FIG. 3, and the preparation method of the azobenzene derivative comprises the following steps:
  • SO causes compound 1 (4-methyl-4'carboxyazobenzene) and compound 2 (n-hexadecanol) to undergo lipidation under catalytic and heating conditions of concentrated sulfuric acid to form compound 3 (4- Methyl-4'-n-hexadecanol carbonyl azobenzene);
  • the structural formula of the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing azobenzene derivative is as shown in FIG. 4, and the preparation method of the azobenzene derivative comprises the following steps:
  • step S05 the yellow solid obtained in step S05 is dissolved in dichloromethane, and the mixture is stirred with 200-300 mesh silica gel, and the dichloromethane is removed by rotary evaporation, and the mobile phase is subjected to column chromatography, and the mobile phase is pressed.
  • a mixture of petroleum ether and dichloromethane prepared in a 1:1 volume ratio; a purified compound 3 (4-methyl-4'-n-dodecylcarbonylazobenzene) 1.12 g;
  • step S07 the product of step S07 is cooled to 0 ° C, and filtered to obtain a yellow powder
  • step S10 the product of step S10 is evaporated to dryness, and then dissolved in 20 mL of a mixture of diethyl ether and dichloromethane prepared in a volume ratio of 5:1, and the precipitate of orange solid is collected by filtration;
  • the inventors of the present invention designed the following test, using the quaternary ammonium salt in chloroform or ethanol as a solvent.
  • the azobenzene derivative of the group is configured as a solution of about ⁇ /L, and its ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum is measured, and then ultraviolet rays are irradiated to different turns, and the absorption spectrum of each turn point is measured, and then the ultraviolet light is irradiated. During the irradiation, the curves of absorbance and wavelength are respectively used.
  • the results of the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing azobenzene derivative obtained in the third specific example are shown in Fig. 5.
  • the absorbance of the azobenzene derivative at 350 nm decreases with the extension of the ultraviolet irradiation, indicating that the azobenzene derivative can undergo rapid trans-cis isomerization.
  • the inventors of the present invention further prepared a photoresponsive liposome by an ultrasonic dispersion method as follows:
  • the above phospholipids are phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol
  • phosphatidylinositol or a combination thereof.
  • DOX doxorubicin
  • the liposome solution was centrifuged at 10 000 g for 10 min to remove the titanium particles and the undispersed lipids dropped from the probe during the ultrasonic process, and the upper liquid was a photoresponsive liposome containing the adriamycin.
  • the azobenzene derivative in the phospholipid bilayer of the light-responsive liposome containing the doxorubicin is trans-cis-isomerized to the phospholipid membrane. It causes disturbances and forms channels in the phospholipid bilayer, which in turn causes doxorubicin to be released, accelerating the release of doxorubicin inside the photoreceptor liposomes.
  • the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing azobenzene derivative of the present invention is capable of responding to light stimulation, and the azobenzene-containing derivative prepared based on the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing azobenzene derivative of the present invention
  • the liposomes of the compounds can be prepared into MNPs containing drugs, and have broad application prospects.
  • the ingested drug of the present invention may be a water-soluble drug, for example: gemcitabine hydrochloride, carboplatin, cytarabine hydrochloride, nitrogen mustard hydrochloride, mitoxantrone hydrochloride; may also be fat-soluble Drugs such as doxorubicin, paclitaxel, etc.
  • the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing azobenzene derivative of the present invention has a hydrophilic cationic quaternary ammonium salt group and a long-chain hydrophobic alkyl group attached to both ends of the azobenzene, which can be irradiated by ultraviolet light. A reversible conformational change can occur, and the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing azobenzene derivative according to the present invention can prepare a liposome capable of responding to light stimulation, and if the drug is contained in the above liposome, Controllable release of internal drugs Put on, reduce the side effects of the drug, and improve the treatment effect.
  • the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing azobenzene derivative of the present invention has a simple preparation method and a high yield.

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Abstract

本发明涉及刺激响应载体领域,提供了一种含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物及其制备方法和应用。本发明的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物在偶氮苯的两端分别连接有亲水性阳离子季铵盐基团和长链疏水性烷基,能够在紫外光照射下可以发生可逆的构象改变。基于本发明的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物能够制备出能够对光刺激进行响应的脂质体,若将药物内包在上述脂质体中,则可以实现内部药物的可控释放,减轻药物的副作用,提高治疗效果。本发明的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物的制备方法简单、得率高。

Description

含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物及其制备方法和应用 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及刺激响应载体领域, 尤其涉及一种含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物及 其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
[0002] 纳米技术的突破对多个行业产生了重要的影响, 尤其是对材料科学、 生物技术 和药物治疗。 不同的纳米载体, 如脂质体、 聚合物、 胶束和碳基纳米材料正逐 渐应用到医学领域, 例如治疗性药物大分子的运输 (药物和基因) 。 但是, 目 前治疗性药物大分子的运输仍面临着很大的挑战, 因为我们所需要的药物运输 体系最好能够实现药物的定吋、 定点和定量释放。 对用于药物运输体系, 目前 已经有一定的研究, 例如: 通过智能化微米 /纳米粒子 (MNPs) 来实现。 所述 M NPs是指能够以某种具体的方式响应外部 /内部刺激, 进而实现内部药物的可控释 放的微米 /纳米粒子的总称。 光照由于其强度、 波长、 照射吋间等参数可以精确 调节, 并且对生物体是非侵入性的, 所以, 能够对光刺激进行响应的 MNPs具有 广阔的应用前景。
[0003] 因此, 需要一种能够对光刺激进行响应的偶氮苯衍生物。
技术问题
[0004] 本发明的目的在于提供了一种含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物及其制备方法和应 用, 基于所述含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物, 能够制备出对光刺激进行响应的 M NPs。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0005] 为实现上述目的, 本发明提供了一种含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物, 结构式如 下:
Figure imgf000004_0001
[0006] 其中, 1^为。1~6的直链烷基; R 2
为 C12~16的直链疏水性烷基; X为 COO或 CONH。
[0007] 为了实现上述目的, 本发明还提供了一种上述含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物的 制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
[0008] A、 使化合物 1和化合物 2反应, 得化合物 3;
[0009] B、 将化合物 3和 N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺在惰性气体氛围下溶于四氯甲烷并在过氧化 苯甲酰的催化下发生溴化反应, 得化合物 4;
[0010] C、 使化合物 4与第一底物反应, 得所述含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物;
[0011] 所述化合物 1的结构式如下:
Figure imgf000004_0002
所述化合物 2的结构式如下:
Figure imgf000004_0003
所述化合物 3的结构式如下:
Figure imgf000005_0001
[0014] 所述化合物 4的结构式如下:
Figure imgf000005_0002
[0015] 所述 X !¾COOH^COCl;
[0016] 所述 X 2为 OH或 NH 2;
[0017] 所述第一底物的结构式为:
Figure imgf000005_0003
[0018] 其中, 所述 !为。。。^ 所述 X 2为NH 2; 所述步骤 Α包括以下步骤:
[0019] Al、 将化合物 1溶于二氯甲烷, 然后加入三乙胺, 得第一反应溶液;
[0020] A2、 将化合物 2溶于二氯甲烷, 得第二反应溶液;
[0021] A3、 将第二反应溶液滴入第一反应溶液中, 常温搅拌过夜;
[0022] A4、 除去步骤 A3的产物中的二氯甲烷, 得固体;
[0023] A5、 将固体溶于二氯甲烷, 并通过柱层析进行分离纯化, 所述流动相为按 1:1 体积比配制的石油醚和二氯甲烷混合液, 得化合物 3。
[0024] 其中, 所述步骤 A还包括以下步骤: [0025] A0、 将化合物 5加入氯化亚砜, 加热至 60-70°C, 搅拌过夜, 进而除去未反应的 氯化亚砜, 得化合物 2;
[0026] 所述化合物 5的结构式如下:
Figure imgf000006_0001
, 其中, 10≤n≤14。
[0027] 其中, 所述步骤 B包括以下步骤:
[0028] B l、 将化合物 3、 N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺和过氧化苯甲酰在氩气氛围下溶于四氯甲 烷, 加热回流反应 12-72小吋;
[0029] B2、 将反应体系冷却至 0°C, 抽滤得粉末;
[0030] B3、 用乙醚洗涤粉末, 得化合物 4。
[0031] 其中, 所述步骤 C包括以下步骤:
[0032] Cl、 将化合物 4溶于乙醇, 再加入第一底物, 回流反应 6-48小吋;
[0033] C2、 将步骤 C1的产物蒸干, 再用按 5: 1体积比配制的乙醚和二氯甲烷混合液溶 解, 过滤收集固体沉淀。
[0034] 其中, 所述步骤 C还包括以下步骤:
[0035] C3、 用按 5: 1体积比配制的乙醚和二氯甲烷混合液洗涤固体沉淀, 得所述含季 铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物。
[0036] 为了实现本发明的目的, 本发明还提供了一种本发明所述含季铵盐基团的偶氮 苯衍生物在制备内包药物的光响应脂质体中的应用。
[0037] 其中, 所述药物为阿霉素。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0038] 本发明的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物在偶氮苯的两端分别连接有亲水性阳离 子季铵盐基团和长链疏水性烷基, 能够在紫外光照射下可以发生可逆的构象改 变, 基于本发明的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物能够制备出能够对光刺激进行 响应的脂质体, 若将药物内包在上述脂质体中, 则可以实现内部药物的可控释 放, 减轻药物的副作用, 提高治疗效果。 本发明的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生 物的制备方法简单、 得率高。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0039] 图 1是本发明第一实施例中的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物的结构式。
[0040] 图 2是本发明第一具体制备实施例制备所得含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物的结 构式。
[0041] 图 3是本发明第二具体制备实施例制备所得含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物的结 构式。
[0042] 图 4是本发明第三具体制备实施例制备所得含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物的结 构式。
[0043] 图 5是本发明第三具体制备实施例制备所得含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物在经 紫外光照射后的紫外-可见吸收光谱变化图。
[0044] 图 6是基于本发明第三具体制备实施例制备所得含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物 制备的内包阿霉素的光响应脂质体的光控释放曲线。
实施该发明的最佳实施例
本发明的最佳实施方式
[0045] 下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明, 以下实施例是对本发明的 解释, 本发明并不局限于以下实施例。
[0046] 在本发明的第一实施例中, 一种含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物, 结构式如图 1 所示, 其中, 1^为。1~6的直链烷基; 1^ 2为。12~16的直链疏水性烷基; X为 COO 或 CONH。
[0047] 本发明的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物的一端的直链疏水性烷基链能够插入脂 质体的磷脂双分子层中, 另一端的亲水性阳离子季铵盐基团则能朝向磷脂双分 子层膜外的水溶液, 从而在脂质体中形成规律性的排布, 当本发明的含季铵盐 基团的偶氮苯衍生物受到紫外光照射下吋, 其构象发生可逆改变。
[0048] 优选的, 所述 1^为。2~4的直链烷基, 即, 乙烷基、 丙烷基或正丁烷基。
[0049] 优选的, 所述 R 2为 C12、 C14或 C16的直链疏水性烷基。 [0050] 在本发明的第二实施例中, 一种制备上述含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物的方法
, 包括以下步骤:
[0051] A、 使化合物 1和化合物 2反应, 得化合物 3;
[0052] B、 将化合物 3和 N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺在惰性气体氛围下溶于四氯甲垸并在过氧化 苯甲酰的催化下发生溴化反应, 得化合物 4;
[0053] C、 使化合物 4与第一底物反应, 得所述含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物;
[0054] 所述化合物 1的结构式如下:
Figure imgf000008_0001
[0055] 所述化合物 2的结构式如—
Figure imgf000008_0002
[0056] 所述化合物 3的结构式如下:
Figure imgf000008_0003
所述化合物 4的结构式如下:
Figure imgf000008_0004
[0058] 所述 X !¾COOH^COCl;
[0059] 所述 X 2为OH或NH 2
[0060] 所述第一底物的结构式为:
Figure imgf000009_0001
[0061] 需要说明的是, 所述惰性气体包括氦气、 氩气、 氖气或氙气中的至少一种。
[0062] 在本发明的一具体实施例中, 所述 !为。。。^ 所述 X 2为NH 2; 所述步骤 A包 括以下步骤:
[0063] Al、 将化合物 1溶于二氯甲烷, 然后加入三乙胺, 得第一反应溶液;
[0064] A2、 将化合物 2溶于二氯甲烷, 得第二反应溶液;
[0065] A3、 将第二反应溶液滴入第一反应溶液中, 常温搅拌过夜;
[0066] A4、 除去步骤 A3的产物中的二氯甲烷, 得固体;
[0067] A5、 将固体溶于二氯甲烷, 并通过柱层析进行分离纯化, 所述流动相为按 1:1 体积比配制的石油醚和二氯甲烷混合液, 得化合物 3。
[0068] 需要说明的是, 在所述步骤 A中, 二氯甲烷主要作为反应溶剂, 三丁胺为催化 剂; 步骤 A4可通过真空干燥或旋蒸实现。 另外, 在本方案中, 化合物 1中的 COC 1和化合物 2中的 NH 2
反应, 从而生成化合物 3, 这种方法与通过化合物 1中的 COOH和化合物 2中的 OH 或 NH 2反应生成化合物 3的方法相比, 反应效率更高, 制备得到化合物 3的得率
[0069] 在上一具体实施例的基础上, 本发明提出另一具体实施例, 所述步骤 A还包括 以下步骤:
[0070] A0、 将化合物 5加入氯化亚砜, 加热至 60-70°C, 搅拌过夜, 进而除去未反应的 氯化亚砜, 得化合物 2;
[0071] 所述化合物 5的结构式如下:
Figure imgf000010_0001
, 其中, 10≤n≤14。
[0072] 需要说明的是, 步骤 AO中可通过真空干燥或旋蒸等方法除去氯化亚砜。
[0073] 在本发明的另一具体实施例中, 所述步骤 B包括以下步骤:
[0074] Bl、 将化合物 3、 N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺和过氧化苯甲酰在氩气氛围下溶于四氯甲 烷, 加热回流反应 12-72小吋;
[0075] B2、 将反应体系冷却至 0°C, 抽滤得粉末;
[0076] B3、 用乙醚洗涤粉末, 得化合物 4。
[0077] 需要说明的是, 步骤 B1中的过氧化苯甲酰为催化剂; 步骤 B2抽滤所得粉末为 化合物 4的粗产物; 步骤 B3中用乙醚洗涤粉末, 主要是通过乙醚将未反应的杂质 去除, 从而起到纯化的作用。
[0078] 在本发明的另一具体实施例中, 所述步骤 C包括以下步骤:
[0079] C 将化合物 4溶于乙醇, 再加入第一底物, 回流反应 6-48小吋;
[0080] C2、 将步骤 C1的产物蒸干, 再用按 5: 1体积比配制的乙醚和二氯甲烷混合液溶 解, 过滤收集固体沉淀。
[0081] 需要说明的是, 步骤 C2中, 可通过旋蒸将步骤 C1的产物蒸干; 步骤 C2所得固 体沉淀为本发明所述含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物的粗产物。
[0082] 基于上一具体实施例, 本发明提出另一具体实施例, 所述步骤 C还包括以下步 骤:
[0083] C3、 用按 5: 1体积比配制的乙醚和二氯甲烷混合液洗涤固体沉淀, 得所述含季 铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物。
[0084] 需要说明的是, 所述按 5: 1体积比配制的乙醚和二氯甲烷混合液能够溶解未发 生反应的杂质, 从而起到提纯的作用。
[0085] 在本发明的第一具体制备实施例中, 所述含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物的结构 式如图 2所示, 该偶氮苯衍生物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
[0086] S01、 使化合物 1 (4-甲基 -4'羧基偶氮苯) 与化合物 2 (正十四烷醇) 在浓硫酸 的催化和加热条件下发生脂化反应, 生成化合物 3 (4-甲基 -4'正十四烷醇羰基偶 氮苯) ;
[0087] S02、 将 4-甲基 -4'正十四烷醇羰基偶氮苯、 N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺和过氧化苯甲酰 在氩气氛围下溶于四氯甲烷, 加热回流反应 24小吋;
[0088] S03、 将步骤 S02的反应体系冷却至 0°C, 抽滤得粉末;
[0089] S04、 用乙醚洗涤步骤 S03所得粉末, 除去未反应的杂质, 得化合物 4 (4-溴甲 基 -4'正十四烷醇羰基偶氮苯) ;
[0090] S05、 将 4-溴甲基 -4'正十四烷醇羰基偶氮苯溶于乙醇, 然后加入三乙胺, 回流 反应 12小吋;
[0091] S06、 将溶液蒸干, 再用按 5: 1体积比配制的乙醚和二氯甲烷混合液溶解, 过滤 收集固体沉淀, 即得图 2所示含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物, 即 4- (Ν,Ν,Ν-三乙 胺甲基溴化物) -4'-正十四烷醇羰基偶氮苯。
[0092] 在本发明的第二具体制备实施例中, 所述含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物的结构 式如图 3所示, 该偶氮苯衍生物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
[0093] SO 使化合物 1 (4-甲基 -4'羧基偶氮苯) 与化合物 2 (正十六烷醇) 在浓硫酸 的催化以及加热条件下发生脂化反应, 生成化合物 3 (4-甲基 -4'-正十六烷醇羰基 偶氮苯) ;
[0094] S02、 将 4-甲基 -4'-正十六烷醇羰基偶氮苯、 N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺和过氧化苯甲酰 在氩气氛围下溶于四氯甲烷, 加热回流反应 48小吋;
[0095] S03、 将步骤 S02的反应体系冷却至 0°C, 抽滤得粉末;
[0096] S04、 用乙醚洗涤步骤 S03所得粉末, 除去未反应的杂质, 得化合物 4 (4-溴甲 基 _4'_正十六烷醇羰基偶氮苯) ;
[0097] S05、 将 4-溴甲基 -4'-正十六烷醇羰基偶氮苯溶于乙醇, 然后加入三甲胺, 回流 反应 24小吋;
[0098] S06、 将溶液蒸干, 再用按 5: 1体积比配制的乙醚和二氯甲烷混合液溶解, 过滤 收集固体沉淀, 即粗产物。
[0099] S07、 用按 5: 1体积比配制的乙醚和二氯甲烷混合液洗涤固体沉淀 3次, 得图 3所 示含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物, 即 4- (Ν,Ν,Ν-三甲胺甲基溴化物) -4'-正十六 烷醇羰基偶氮苯。
[0100] 在本发明的第三具体制备实施例中, 所述含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物的结构 式如图 4所示, 该偶氮苯衍生物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
[0101] S01、 将 2.4g4-甲基 -4'羧基偶氮苯加入 10mL氯化亚砜中, 65°C搅拌过夜, 旋蒸 出去未反应得氯化亚砜, 得到 2.4g无色油状粗产物, 即化合物 2 (4-甲基 -4'酰氯 偶氮苯) ;
[0102] S02、 将 0.56g化合物 1 (正十二胺) 溶于 20mL二氯甲烷, 然后加入 0.59g三乙胺
, 得第一反应溶液;
[0103] S03、 将 1.15g无色油状粗产物 (4-甲基 -4'酰氯偶氮苯) 溶于 5mL二氯甲烷, 得 第二反应溶液;
[0104] S04、 将第二反应溶液慢慢滴入第一反应溶液中, 25°C搅拌过夜;
[0105] S05、 真空干燥除去步骤 S04的产物中的二氯甲烷, 得黄色固体;
[0106] S06、 用二氯甲烷溶解步骤 S05所得黄色固体, 同吋加入 200-300目的硅胶搅拌 , 旋蒸除去二氯甲烷后上样, 加流动相进行柱层析, 所述流动相为按 1:1体积比 配制的石油醚和二氯甲烷混合液; 得纯化后的化合物 3 (4-甲基 -4'正十二氨羰基 偶氮苯) 1.12g;
[0107] S07、 将 0.5g 4-甲基 -4'正十二氨羰基偶氮苯、 0.34g N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺和 15mg 过氧化苯甲酰在氩气氛围下溶于四氯甲烷, 加热回流反应 48小吋;
[0108] S08、 将步骤 S07产物冷却至 0°C, 抽滤得黄色粉末;
[0109] S09、 用乙醚洗涤黄色粉末, 除去未反应的杂质, 得化合物 4 (4-溴甲基 -4'-正 十二氨羰基偶氮苯) ;
[0110] S10、 将 250mg 4-溴甲基 -4,-正十二氨羰基偶氮苯溶于 6mL乙醇, 然后加入 lmL 三丁胺和 2mL乙醇, 回流反应 24小吋;
[0111] Sl l、 将步骤 S10的产物蒸干, 再用 20mL按 5:1体积比配制的乙醚和二氯甲烷混 合液溶解, 过滤收集橘黄色固体沉淀;
[0112] S12、 用 20mL按 5:1体积比配制的乙醚和二氯甲烷混合液洗涤橘黄色固体沉淀三 次, 得 120mg图 4所示含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物, 即 4- (Ν,Ν,Ν-三丁胺甲基 溴化物) -4'-正十二氨羰基偶氮苯。 [0113] 为了进一步证明本发明的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物的光响应特性, 本发明 的发明人设计了以下试验, 以氯仿或乙醇为溶剂, 将所述含季铵盐基团的偶氮 苯衍生物配置成约 Ιμηιοΐ/L的溶液, 并测定其紫外可见吸收光谱, 然后用紫外光 照射不同的吋间, 测各个吋间点的吸收光谱, 然后按不同的紫外光照射吋间, 分别作吸光度和波长的曲线。 其中, 以第三具体实施例所得含季铵盐基团的偶 氮苯衍生物的结果如图 5所示。 如图 5所示, 随着紫外线照射吋间的延长, 该偶 氮苯衍生物在 350nm处的吸光度值不断降低, 说明该偶氮苯衍生物可以发生快速 的反式 -顺式异构, 可作为一种光控幵关。
[0114] 需要说明的是, 本发明的其他含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物, 例如上述第一具 体制备实施例、 第二具体制备实施例中所得的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物, 在上述试验中的结果与图 5类似 (图未示) , 说明本发明的含季铵盐基团的偶氮 苯衍生物可以发生快速的反式 -顺式异构, 可作为一种光控幵关。
[0115] 基于上述含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物, 本发明的发明人还进一步利用超声分 散法制备了光响应脂质体, 方法大致如下:
[0116] 将磷脂、 胆固醇、 上述任一种含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物按照 1:1:1的摩尔比
(各 0.02mmol) —起溶于按 2:1体积比配置的 20mL氯仿和甲醇混合液, 充分溶解 后, 在 37 °C恒温水浴下用旋转蒸发器除去有机溶剂, 圆底烧瓶底形成一层均匀 脂质膜。 然后加入 10 mL, 300 mM的柠檬酸溶液 (pH = 7.4) , 将脂质膜水化下 来, 接着用探头式超声波细胞破碎仪超声 30 min (功率 100mW, on 30s , off 30s ) , 然后置于 37 °C水浴中放置 2小吋以完成封闭过程。 所得即为光响应脂质体悬 液。
[0117] 上述磷脂为磷脂酰胆碱、 磷脂酰乙醇胺、 磷脂酸、 磷脂酰丝氨酸、 磷脂酰甘油
、 磷脂酰肌醇或它们的组合物。
[0118] 然后用 pH梯度法包封阿霉素 (DOX) : 称取 2 mg DOX, 加入到脂质体悬液中
, 充分溶解, 用 l.O M NaOH调 pH至 7.4。 将脂质体溶液 10 000 g离心 10 min, 除 去超声过程中探头上掉下来的钛颗粒以及未分散的脂质, 上层液体即为内包阿 霉素的光响应脂质体。
[0119] 为了验证所得内包阿霉素的光响应脂质体的光控释放效果, 本发明的发明人设 计了另外一个验证试验。
[0120] 实验组: 将上述方法制备的内包阿霉素的光响应脂质体 5mL分散在 45mL
pH=7.4的 PBS缓冲液中, 然后将所得的溶液放置在黑暗环境中, 每小吋用紫外光 照射 10min, 每 2个小吋测定一次 PBS缓冲液中被释放出的阿霉素含量。
[0121] 对照组, 将上述方法制备的内包阿霉素的光响应脂质体 5mL分散在 45mL
pH=7.4的 PBS缓冲液中, 然后将所得的溶液放置在黑暗环境中, 同样每 2个小吋 测定一次 PBS缓冲液中被释放出的阿霉素含量。
[0122] 实验组、 对照组各做 3个重复。
[0123] 以每个吋间点 PBS缓冲液中被释放出的阿霉素含量与该 PBS缓冲液中的总阿霉 素量的比值为纵坐标, 吋间为横坐标, 作曲线, 结果如图 6所示。
[0124] 如图 6所示, 说明, 在紫外线光照下, 内包阿霉素的光响应脂质体的磷脂双分 子层中的偶氮苯衍生物发生反式 -顺式异构, 对磷脂膜造成扰动, 并在磷脂双分 子层中形成通道, 进而使得阿霉素被释放出, 加速内包阿霉素的光响应脂质体 内部的阿霉素的释放。
[0125] 因此, 本发明的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物能够对光刺激进行响应, 基于本 发明的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物制备的含偶氮苯衍生物的脂质体可制备成 内包药物的 MNPs, 具有广阔的应用前景。
[0126] 需要说明的是, 本发明所述的内包药物可为水溶性药物, 例如: 盐酸吉西他滨 、 卡铂、 盐酸阿糖胞苷、 盐酸氮芥、 盐酸米托蒽醌; 也可为脂溶性药物, 例如 阿霉素、 紫杉醇等。
[0127] 以上仅为本发明的优选实施例, 并非因此限制本发明的专利范围, 凡是利用本 发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换, 或直接或间接运用在 其他相关的技术领域, 均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
工业实用性
[0128] 本发明的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物在偶氮苯的两端分别连接有亲水性阳离 子季铵盐基团和长链疏水性烷基, 能够在紫外光照射下可以发生可逆的构象改 变, 基于本发明的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物能够制备出能够对光刺激进行 响应的脂质体, 若将药物内包在上述脂质体中, 则可以实现内部药物的可控释 放, 减轻药物的副作用, 提高治疗效果。 本发明的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生 物的制备方法简单、 得率高。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物, 其特征在于, 所述含季铵盐基团 的偶氮苯衍生物的结构式如下:
Figure imgf000016_0001
; 其中, 1^为。1~6的直链烷基; 1^ 2为。12~16的直链疏水性烷基; X 为 COO或 CONH。
[权利要求 2] —种如权利要求 1所述的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物的制备方法包括以下 步骤: A、 使化合物 1和化合物 2反应, 得化合物 3; B、 将化合物 3和 N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺在惰性气体氛围下溶于四氯
的催化下发生溴化反应, 得化合物 4; C、 使化合物 4与第一底物反应 , 得所述含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物; 所述化合物 1的结构式如下
Figure imgf000016_0002
所述化合物 2的结构式如下:
Figure imgf000016_0003
所述化合物 3的结构式如下:
Figure imgf000017_0001
所述化合物 4的结构式如下:
Figure imgf000017_0002
; 所述 XI为 COOH或 COCl; 所述 X2为 OH或 NH2; 所述第一底物的 构式为:
Figure imgf000017_0003
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 2所述的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物的制备方法, 其 特征在于, 所述 !为。。。^ 所述 X 2为NH 2 ; 所述步骤 A包括以下步 骤: Al、 将化合物 1溶于二氯甲烷, 然后加入三乙胺, 得第一反应溶 液; A2、 将化合物 2溶于二氯甲烷, 得第二反应溶液; A3、 将第二反 应溶液滴入第一反应溶液中, 常温搅拌过夜; A4、 除去步骤 A3的产 物中的二氯甲烷, 得固体; A5、 将固体溶于二氯甲烷, 并通过柱层 析进行分离纯化, 所述流动相为按 1: 1体积比配制的石油醚和二氯甲 烷混合液, 得化合物 3。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 3所述的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物的制备方法, 其 特征在于, 所述步骤 A还包括以下步骤: A0、 将化合物 5加入氯化亚 砜, 加热至 60-70°C, 搅拌过夜, 进而除去未反应的氯化亚砜, 得化 合物 2; 所述化合物 5的结构式如下:
Figure imgf000018_0001
, 其中, 10≤n≤14。
根据权利要求 2所述的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物的制备方法, 其 特征在于, 所述步骤 B包括以下步骤: Bl、 将化合物 3、 N-溴代琥珀 酰亚胺和过氧化苯甲酰在氩气氛围下溶于四氯甲烷, 加热回流反应 12 -72小吋; B2、 将反应体系冷却至 0°C, 抽滤得粉末; B3、 用乙醚洗 涤粉末, 得化合物 4。
根据权利要求 2所述的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物的制备方法, 其 特征在于, 所述步骤 C包括以下步骤: Cl、 将化合物 4溶于乙醇, 再 加入第一底物, 回流反应 6-48小吋; C2、 将步骤 C1的产物蒸干, 再 用按 5: 1体积比配制的乙醚和二氯甲烷混合液溶解, 过滤收集固体沉 淀。
根据权利要求 6所述的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物的制备方法, 其 特征在于, 所述步骤 C还包括以下步骤: C3、 用按 5:1体积比配制的 乙醚和二氯甲烷混合液洗涤固体沉淀, 得所述含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯 衍生物。
一种如权利要求 1所述的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物在制备内包药 物的光响应脂质体中的应用。
根据权利要求 8所述的含季铵盐基团的偶氮苯衍生物在制备内包药物 的光响应脂质体中的应用, 其特征在于, 所述药物为阿霉素。
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