WO2018126540A1 - 基于发动机联合外置重整器的新型低温燃料重整装置 - Google Patents

基于发动机联合外置重整器的新型低温燃料重整装置 Download PDF

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WO2018126540A1
WO2018126540A1 PCT/CN2017/078283 CN2017078283W WO2018126540A1 WO 2018126540 A1 WO2018126540 A1 WO 2018126540A1 CN 2017078283 W CN2017078283 W CN 2017078283W WO 2018126540 A1 WO2018126540 A1 WO 2018126540A1
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fuel
engine
reformer
external
low temperature
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French (fr)
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尧命发
王洋
卫立夏
刘海峰
王浒
郑尊清
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
    • F02M31/16—Other apparatus for heating fuel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • the invention relates to a novel combustion mode and device for low-temperature reforming of engine fuel, and specifically designs a reforming fuel with low temperature (T ⁇ 1000K) by using an external fuel reformer, by controlling boundary conditions of the external reformer ( Temperature, pressure, equivalence ratio, etc.) reform the fuel into low-temperature oxidation products (aldehydes, ketones, peroxides, etc.) of different activities, and then introduce the mixed gas of different activities into the engine according to actual working conditions.
  • the system of equipment involved in combustion is used to control boundary conditions of the external reformer ( Temperature, pressure, equivalence ratio, etc.) reform the fuel into low-temperature oxidation products (aldehydes, ketones, peroxides, etc.) of different activities, and then introduce the mixed gas of different activities into the engine according to actual working conditions.
  • the invention discloses an external reformer low temperature reforming device.
  • the main part connects a self-made external fuel low-temperature reforming device to the engine, and the low-temperature reforming gas in the reforming unit is mixed with fresh air and introduced into the engine for combustion.
  • the engine is operated under different working conditions.
  • By controlling the boundary conditions of the reforming reaction of the external reformer it is possible to discharge the mixed gas with different activities in different oxidation stages, and then combine the fuel injected directly into the injector of the engine cylinder to realize the fuel.
  • In-cylinder gas mixture activity and concentration stratification changing the reaction path of fuel combustion reaction, can effectively broaden the efficient clean combustion range.
  • the invention only needs to adopt a simple oxidation reaction post processor to meet the requirements of the Euro VI emission regulations.
  • the present invention provides a novel cryogenic fuel reforming device based on an engine combined external reformer, including an engine cylinder, an external cryogenic fuel reformer, an air intake pipe, and a fuel injection pipe.
  • the engine cylinder is connected to an engine intake pipe and an engine exhaust pipe, the external low temperature fuel reformer is wound with an electric heating wire, and is provided with a first temperature control table; one end of the air intake pipe and the One end of the fuel injection tube is connected to the inlet of the external cryogenic fuel reformer; the other end of the air intake pipe is connected to an air bottle, and the air intake pipe is provided with a gas flow meter;
  • the other end of the sample tube is connected to a fuel injection pump, the fuel injection tube is provided with a fuel vaporization tank, and the fuel vaporization tank is provided with a second temperature control table;
  • the external low temperature fuel reformer The outlet is connected to the engine intake pipe through a reforming gas pipe; a thermocouple is disposed on the reforming gas pipe at an outlet adjacent to the external
  • the fresh air supplied by the air bottle regulates the flow rate in the gas flow meter. Passing through the air intake pipe into the external low temperature fuel reformer; in the external low temperature fuel reformer, the vaporized fuel is mixed with fresh air for low temperature reforming to form a low temperature product; after reforming The low temperature product enters the engine intake pipe through the reforming gas pipe, is again mixed with fresh air to form a uniform mixed gas, is introduced into the engine cylinder, and is mixed with the direct injection fuel in the cylinder to realize the mixture gas activity and concentration stratification.
  • the invention proposes an external cryogenic fuel reforming system without catalyst fuel reforming.
  • the fuel in the external reformer is subjected to low temperature reforming, and the boundary conditions for controlling the reaction between the fuel and the air are controlled.
  • the reforming device discharges part of the intermediate product or complete oxidation product of different oxidation stages, mixes it with air (or mixture of EGR and air), introduces it into the engine cylinder, and combines the direct injection fuel in the cylinder to achieve mixing. Gas-active and concentration-stratified synergistic control for efficient and clean combustion.
  • the invention cools the fuel through the external reformer, and the reformed low-temperature reforming product is uniformly mixed with the fresh air and introduced into the engine cylinder, and then mixed with the fresh fuel injected from the working cylinder to realize the fuel combustion oxidation.
  • the reaction reaction path is tunable to achieve the goal of efficient clean combustion.
  • the engine is operated under different working conditions such as different speeds and loads.
  • the boundary conditions of the reforming reaction of the external reformer By controlling the boundary conditions of the reforming reaction of the external reformer, the reaction path of the fuel combustion reaction can be changed, and the reforming mixture with different activities can be obtained, which can effectively broaden the efficient cleaning. Burning range.
  • the invention only needs to adopt a simple oxidation reaction post processor to meet the requirements of the Euro VI emission regulations.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a novel low temperature fuel reforming apparatus based on an engine combined external reformer of the present invention.
  • a novel low-temperature fuel reforming device based on an engine combined external reformer is composed of an engine body and an external low-temperature fuel reformer, that is, an engine cylinder 1 .
  • An external low temperature fuel reformer 6, an air intake pipe 11, and a fuel injection pipe 15 are provided.
  • the engine cylinder 1 is connected to an engine intake pipe 3 and an engine exhaust pipe 2.
  • One end of the air intake pipe 11 and one end of the fuel injection pipe 15 are connected to an inlet of the external low temperature fuel reformer 6; the other end of the air intake pipe 11 is connected to an air bottle 13, A gas flow meter 12 is disposed on the air intake pipe 11, and the gas flow meter 12 regulates the amount of air entering the external low temperature fuel reformer 6.
  • the other end of the fuel sample pipe 15 is connected to a fuel injection pump 14, which fuels the fuel at a uniform reforming equivalence ratio, and the fuel injection pipe 15 is provided with a fuel vaporization tank 9,
  • the fuel vaporization tank 9 is configured to vaporize the liquid fuel to be reformed from the fuel sample tube 15 to become a vapor state at a certain temperature, and the fuel vaporization tank 9 is provided with a second temperature control table 10
  • the electric heating wire on the fuel vaporization tank 9 is controlled by the second temperature control table 10 to be heated, and is subjected to closed-loop temperature control with a thermocouple located on the fuel vaporization tank 9.
  • the external low temperature fuel reformer 6 is wound with an electric heating wire 7 and is provided with a first temperature control table 8; the outlet of the external low temperature fuel reformer 6 passes through the reforming gas pipe 4 and the engine
  • the gas pipe 3 is connected; a thermocouple 5 is disposed on the reforming gas pipe 4 at an outlet adjacent to the external low temperature fuel reformer 6, for detecting reforming and mixing The temperature of the gas.
  • the first temperature control table 8 controls the heating power of the electric heating wire 7 to control the reforming temperature of the external low temperature fuel reformer 6, the electric heating wire 7, the first temperature control table 8 and the external temperature
  • the thermocouple 5 at the outlet end of the cryogenic fuel reformer 6 forms a closed loop control that regulates the reforming temperature of the fuel for low temperature reforming of the fuel.
  • the initial fuel is vaporized by the fuel injection pump 14 at a constant speed through the fuel sample pipe 15 into the fuel vaporization tank 9, and the vaporized fuel is introduced into the external low temperature fuel reformer 6, wherein the flow control is performed by The fuel injection pump 14 is realized; at the same time, the fresh air supplied by the air bottle 13 enters the external low temperature fuel reformer 6 through the air intake pipe 11 under the regulated flow rate of the gas flow meter 12; In the external cryogenic fuel reformer 6, the vaporized fuel is mixed with fresh air for low temperature reforming to form a low temperature product; the injector in the engine cylinder 1 controls the injection timing of the fuel in the cylinder and the fuel injection.
  • the reformed low temperature product enters the engine intake pipe 3 through the reforming gas pipe 4, is again mixed with fresh air to form a uniform mixed gas, is introduced into the engine cylinder 1, and is mixed with the direct injection fuel in the cylinder. Achieve gas mixture activity and concentration stratification.
  • different active low temperature oxidation products can be obtained by controlling the boundary conditions (temperature, pressure, equivalence ratio, etc.) of the reformer, for example, reforming PRF90 (isooctane and n-heptane volume)
  • the ratio of 9) fuel can be obtained as a highly active substance (peroxymethane CH3O2H, a carbonyl peroxide KETs, etc.), and a low active substance or a substance which inhibits combustion (formaldehyde CH2O, acetone CH3COCH3, etc.) can also be obtained.
  • the mixture can be reformed into the desired active oxidation stage product by adjusting the boundary conditions (temperature, pressure, equivalence ratio, etc.) in the reformer, and then mixed with fresh air. Participate in the combustion work in the engine cylinder.
  • the introduction of substantially low temperature reformate changes the chemical reaction path of fuel consumption in the engine cylinders, which in turn affects the combustion process within the engine cylinders.
  • the novel low-temperature fuel reforming device based on the engine combined with the external reformer realizes the low-temperature reforming of the fuel, and can also realize the stratification of the mixed gas concentration in the engine cylinder and the active stratified combustion, and does not need to add a catalyst, thereby The engine is more energy efficient.
  • the boundary conditions (temperature, pressure, equivalence ratio, etc.) of the external low-temperature fuel reforming system are controlled to convert the fuel in the external low-temperature fuel reformer 6 into high activity for the low-activity fuel or the engine under low-speed and small-load working conditions.
  • the low temperature reforming product is introduced into the engine cylinder 1 and combined with the fresh fuel directly injected into the engine cylinder to achieve mixing.
  • the boundary conditions of the external low-temperature fuel reforming system are also regulated, and the fuel in the external low-temperature fuel reformer 6 is reformed to a low-activity weight.
  • the whole product (aldehydes, acetone, etc.) is introduced into the engine cylinder for combustion. Because the activity of the mixture after low temperature reforming is reduced, the ignition has a long period of ignition, and the high-efficiency clean combustion of the mixture gas activity and concentration coupling control is realized by mixing with the high-activity fuel of the direct injection of the working cylinder.
  • the present invention utilizes an external cryogenic reforming system to produce low temperature reforming products of different oxidation stages according to actual operating conditions of the engine, and the reforming system does not add a catalyst.
  • the biggest difference between the present invention and other corresponding fuel reforming schemes is that intermediate products of different reforming oxidation stages, such as peroxides and aldehydes, are obtained by controlling the boundary conditions of the reforming oxidation reaction according to different working conditions. Intermediates such as ketone, CO, H2.
  • the activity of the intermediate product is reduced, and the intermediate products in different oxidation stages are recombined with fresh air to form a mixture of chemically different gases, and the fuel injected into the working cylinder is further subjected to a combustion reaction, thereby realizing the activity using only a single fuel.
  • Efficient clean combustion mode with concentration-stratified control which enables adjustable control of the combustion reaction path.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于发动机联合外置重整器的新型低温燃料重整装置，包括发动机气缸（1）和外置低温燃料重整器（6）。外置低温燃料重整器（6）缠绕有电加热丝（7），并设有第一温控表（8）；外置低温燃料重整器（6）的进口连接有空气进气管（11）和燃料进样管（15），空气进气管（11）上设有气体流量计（12）；燃料进样管（15）连接有燃料注射泵（14）和燃料汽化罐（9），燃料汽化罐（9）设有第二温控表（10）；外置低温燃料重整器（6）的出口设有一热电偶（5）并通过重整气气管（4）与发动机进气管（3）相连；重整后的低温产物经过重整气气管（4）进入到发动机进气管中，再次与新鲜空气混合形成均匀混合气导入到发动机气缸（1）中，并与缸内直喷的燃料混合燃烧实现混合气活性及浓度分层。由于不需要添加催化剂，从而使发动机更加高效节能的运行。

Description

基于发动机联合外置重整器的新型低温燃料重整装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种发动机燃料低温重整新型燃烧模式与装置，具体设计一种利用一个外置燃料重整器低温(T<1000K)重整燃料，通过控制该外置重整器的边界条件(温度、压力、当量比等)将燃料重整成不同活性的低温氧化产物(醛类、酮类、过氧化物等)，而后根据实际工况条件将重整后不同活性的混合气导入到发动机中参与燃烧的装置系统。
背景技术
目前内燃机依旧在交通运输中占有绝对主导地位，然而随着近些年能源的逐渐枯竭、环境的日趋恶化，传统内燃机的燃烧模式显然已经满足不了能源以及环境的要求。因此就内燃机而言，国内外专家学者针对燃烧技术进行了广泛的研究并提出了一些新型燃烧模式，如均质压燃(HCCI)、低温燃烧(LTC)和部分预混合燃烧(PPC)等[1-9]。美国Wisconsin大学Reitz等人[10]提出的基于活性控制的压燃燃烧技术(RCCI)，则是采用两种活性燃料如汽油、柴油双燃料方式，通过调控两种燃料比例实现混合气活性控制，从而可以大大拓宽发动机高效清洁运行工况范围，但该燃烧技术的缺点是需要采用两种燃料，安装两个油箱和两套燃油系统。伯明翰大学的Tsolakis等人[11]利用一台自制的外置重整装置催化重整燃料成CO和H2，再将重整后的混合气与新鲜燃料混合导入到发动机工作缸内参与燃烧，结果发现发动机的排放及油耗得到改善。天津大学的王洋等人[12]提出FCE(Flexible Cylinder Engine)发动机新型燃烧策略，该策略是将燃料不加催化剂低温重整成不同活性的低温重整产物来改善发动机的燃烧状态，该策略已经得到理论验证。实际上，燃料重整这种新型燃烧方式是可以仅利用一种燃料来实现双燃料燃烧策略的效果，也就是说将燃料重整成不同活性的物质再与新鲜燃料混合燃烧，可以实现混合气活性及浓度分层，从而改善发动机燃烧状态。
[参考文献]
[1]Yao Ming Fa,Zheng Zun Qing,Liu Hai Feng,Progress and recent trends in homogeneous charge compression ignition(HCCI)engines.Progr Energy Combust Sci,2009.35:398-437.
[2]Jung Dongwon,Norimasa Iida,Closed-loop control of HCCI combustion for DME using external EGR and rebreathed EGR to reduce pressure-rise rate with combustion-phasing retard.Applied Energy,2015.138:315-330.
[3]Laura Manofsky Olesky,George A Lavoie,Dennis N Assanis,et al,The effects of diluent composition on the rates of HCCI and spark assisted compression ignition combustion.Applied Energy,2014.124:186-198.
[4]Molina S,Garcia A.,Pastor JM,et al,Operating range extension of RCCI combustion concept from low to full load in a heavy-duty engine.Applied Energy,2015.143:211-227.
[5]Zhou DZ,Yang WM,An H,et al,Application of CFD-chemical kinetics approach in detecting RCCI engine knocking fuelled with biodiesel/methanol.Applied Energy,2015.145:255-264.
[6]Chao Yu,Wang Zhi,Wang Jian Xin,Sequenced combustion characteristics,emission and thermal efficiency in gasoline homogeneous charge induced ignition.Applied Energy,2014.124:343-353.
[7]Donkerbroek AJ,Van Vliet AP,Somers LMT,et al,Relation between hydroxyl and formaldehyde in a direct-injection heavy-duty diesel engine.Combustion and Flame,2011.158(3):564-572.
[8]Al-Qurashi Khalid,Angela D Lueking,AndréL Boehman,The deconvolution of the thermal,dilution,and chemical effects of exhaust gas recirculation(EGR)on the reactivity of engine and flame soot.Combustion and Flame,2011.158(9):1696-1704.
[9]Yang Bin Bin,Yao Ming Fa,Cheng Wai K,et al,Experimental and numerical study on different dual-fuel combustion modes fuelled with gasoline and diesel.Applied Energy, 2014.113:722-733.
[10]Reitz Rolf D,Ganesh Duraisamy,Review of high efficiency and clean reactivity controlled compression ignition(RCCI)combustion in internal combustion engines.Progr Energy Combust Sci,2015.46:12-71.
[11]Bogarra M,Herreros JM,Tsolakis A,et al.Study of particulate matter and gaseous emissions in gasoline direct injection engine using on-board exhaust gas fuel reforming.Appl Energy 2016；180:245-255.
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发明内容
本发明公开了一种外置重整器低温重整装置。主体部分将一款自制的外置燃料低温重整装置连接发动机，重整装置中的低温重整气与新鲜空气混合导入到发动机中参与燃烧。发动机运行在不同工况条件下，通过控制外置重整器相应的重整反应边界条件，可以排出不同氧化阶段不同活性的混合气，再结合发动机气缸内喷油器直喷的燃料，可以实现缸内混合气活性与浓度分层，改变燃油燃烧反应的反应路径，可以有效拓宽高效清洁燃烧范围。本发明只需要采用简单的氧化反应后处理器即可以满足欧VI排放法规的要求。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提出的一种基于发动机联合外置重整器的新型低温燃料重整装置，包括发动机气缸、一台外置低温燃料重整器、空气进气管和燃料进样管，所述发动机气缸连接有发动机进气管和发动机排气管，所述外置低温燃料重整器缠绕有电加热丝，并设有第一温控表；所述空气进气管的一端和所述燃料进样管的一端均连接至所述外置低温燃料重整器的进口；所述空气进气管的另一端连接至一空气瓶，所述空气进气管上设有气体流量计；所述燃料进样管的另一端连接至一燃料注射泵，所述燃料进样管上设有燃料汽化罐，所述燃料汽化罐设有第二温控表；所述外置低温燃料重整器 的出口通过重整气气管与所述发动机进气管相连；所述重整气气管上、并位于临近外置低温燃料重整器的出口处设有一热电偶；初始燃料由所述燃料注射泵以匀速经燃料进样管进入到燃料汽化罐中进行汽化，汽化后的燃料导入所述外置低温燃料重整器中，与此同时，由所述空气瓶提供的新鲜空气在气体流量计调控流量下经空气进气管进入到所述外置低温燃料重整器中；在所述外置低温燃料重整器中，汽化后的燃料与新鲜空气混合进行低温重整形成低温产物；重整后的低温产物经过重整气气管进入到发动机进气管中，再次与新鲜空气混合形成均匀混合气导入到所述发动机气缸中，并与缸内直喷的燃料混合燃烧实现混合气活性及浓度分层。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明提出一套不加催化剂燃料重整的外置低温燃料重整系统，根据发动机实际工况特点，对外置重整器中的燃料进行低温重整，通过控制燃油与空气反应的边界条件，该重整装置排出不同氧化阶段的部分中间产物或完全氧化产物，使其与空气(或者EGR与空气的混合气)混合，导入到发动机气缸中，再结合缸内直喷的燃料，可以实现混合气活性及浓度分层协同控制的高效清洁燃烧。本发明将燃料经外置重整器低温重整，重整后的低温重整产物与新鲜空气均匀混合导入到发动机气缸内，而后与工作缸喷入的新鲜燃料混合燃烧，实现了燃油燃烧氧化反应反应路径可调控制，从而实现高效清洁燃烧的目标。发动机运行在不同转速、负荷等工况条件下，通过控制外置重整器相应的重整反应边界条件，可以改变燃油燃烧反应反应路径，获得不同活性的重整混合气，可以有效拓宽高效清洁燃烧范围。本发明只需要采用简单的氧化反应后处理器即可以满足欧VI排放法规的要求。
附图说明
图1是本发明基于发动机联合外置重整器的新型低温燃料重整装置结构示意简图。
图中：
1-发动机气缸    2-发动机排气管       3-发动机进气管
4-重整气气管    5-热电偶             6-外置低温燃料重整器
7-电加热丝      8-第一温控表         9-燃料汽化罐
10-第二温控表   11-空气进气管        12-流量计
13-空气瓶       14-燃料注射泵        15-燃料进样管
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明技术方案作进一步详细描述，所描述的具体实施例仅对本发明进行解释说明，并不用以限制本发明。
如图1所示，本发明提出的一种基于发动机联合外置重整器的新型低温燃料重整装置，由发动机主体和外置低温燃料重整器两部分组成，即包括发动机气缸1、一台外置低温燃料重整器6、空气进气管11和燃料进样管15。
所述发动机气缸1连接有发动机进气管3和发动机排气管2。
所述空气进气管11的一端和所述燃料进样管15的一端均连接至所述外置低温燃料重整器6的进口；所述空气进气管11的另一端连接至一空气瓶13，所述空气进气管11上设有气体流量计12，所述气体流量计12调控进入外置低温燃料重整器6的空气量。
所述燃料进样管15的另一端连接至一燃料注射泵14，所述燃料注射泵14按照规定重整当量比匀速进样燃料，所述燃料进样管15上设有燃料汽化罐9，所述燃料汽化罐9用以汽化来自燃料进样管15的待重整的液体燃料，使其在一定温度下变成汽态，所述燃料汽化罐9设有第二温控表10，所述燃料汽化罐9上的电加热丝由第二温控表10控制其加热温度，并与位于燃料汽化罐9上的热电偶进行闭环温度控制。
所述外置低温燃料重整器6缠绕有电加热丝7，并设有第一温控表8；所述外置低温燃料重整器6的出口通过重整气气管4与所述发动机进气管3相连；所述重整气气管4上、并位于临近外置低温燃料重整器6的出口处设有一热电偶5，用以检测重整后混 合气的温度。所述第一温控表8控制所述电加热丝7的加热功率进而控制外置低温燃料重整器6的重整温度，所述电加热丝7、第一温控表8与位于外置低温燃料重整器6出口端的热电偶5形成闭环回路控制调控燃料的重整温度，用以燃料低温重整。
初始燃料由所述燃料注射泵14以匀速经燃料进样管15进入到燃料汽化罐9中进行汽化，汽化后的燃料导入所述外置低温燃料重整器6中，其中的流量控制是由所述燃料注射泵14实现的；与此同时，由所述空气瓶13提供的新鲜空气在气体流量计12调控流量下经空气进气管11进入到所述外置低温燃料重整器6中；在所述外置低温燃料重整器6中，汽化后的燃料与新鲜空气混合进行低温重整形成低温产物；所述发动机气缸1内的喷油器控制气缸内燃油的喷入时刻及喷油量，重整后的低温产物经过重整气气管4进入到发动机进气管3中，再次与新鲜空气混合形成均匀混合气导入到所述发动机气缸1中，并与缸内直喷的燃料混合燃烧实现混合气活性及浓度分层。
利用本发明低温燃料重整燃烧装置，通过调控重整器的边界条件(温度，压力，当量比等)可以得到不同活性的低温氧化产物，例如：重整PRF90(异辛烷与正庚烷体积比为9)燃料，可以得到高活性物质(过氧甲烷CH3O2H，羰基的过氧化物KETs等等)，也可以得到低活性物质或者称为抑制燃烧的物质(甲醛CH2O，丙酮CH3COCH3等等)。因此可以根据发动机实际工况条件需求，通过调控重整器中的边界条件(温度，压力，当量比等)将其中的混合气重整成所需活性的氧化阶段产物，再与新鲜空气混合导入到发动机气缸内参与燃烧工作。实质上低温重整产物的导入改变了发动机气缸内燃料消耗的化学反应路径，进而影响了发动机气缸内的燃烧工作过程。
本发明基于发动机联合外置重整器的新型低温燃料重整装置实现了燃料的低温重整，也可以实现发动机气缸内混合气浓度分层和活性分层燃烧，并且不需要添加催化剂，从而使发动机更加高效节能的运行。
利用本发明低温燃料重整燃烧装置在下述几种工况下的情形是：
针对低活性燃料或者发动机处于低速小负荷工况条件，控制外置低温燃料重整系统的边界条件(温度，压力，当量比等)使外置低温燃料重整器6内的燃料转化成高活性的低温重整产物，导入到发动机气缸1内，再结合发动机缸内直喷的新鲜燃料，实现混 合气浓度和活性分层燃烧。因为高活性自由基物质点火滞燃期短，更容易点火，与工作缸缸内直喷燃料相互作用，促进点火，保证了在低速小负荷条件下燃烧的稳定性，从而扩展了小负荷运行区域。
对于高活性燃料或者发动机处于大负荷/满负荷工况条件下，同样调控外置低温燃料重整系统的边界条件，将外置低温燃料重整器6中的燃料低温重整成低活性的重整产物(醛类，丙酮等等)，再导入到发动机气缸内参与燃烧。因为低温重整后的混合气活性降低，着火滞燃期长，通过与工作缸直喷高活性燃料混合实现混合气活性与浓度耦合控制的高效清洁燃烧。
综上，本发明是利用一套外置低温重整系统根据发动机实际工况条件产生不同氧化阶段的低温重整产物，并且该重整系统不外加催化剂。本发明与其他相应燃料重整技术方案最大的不同点在于是根据不同工况需求，通过对重整氧化反应边界条件控制，获得不同重整氧化阶段的中间产物，如产生过氧化物、醛、酮、CO、H2等中间产物。燃料经重整后中间产物活性降低，不同氧化阶段的中间产物重新与新鲜空气混合后形成化学活性不同的混合气，并与工作缸喷入的燃料再进行燃烧反应，从而仅采用单一燃料实现活性与浓度分层控制的高效清洁燃烧模式，从而实现了燃烧反应路径可调控制。
尽管上面结合附图对本发明进行了描述，但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨的情况下，还可以做出很多变形，这些均属于本发明的保护之内。

Claims (1)

  1. 一种基于发动机联合外置重整器的新型低温燃料重整装置，包括发动机气缸(1)，所述发动机气缸(1)连接有发动机进气管(3)和发动机排气管(2)，其特征在于，
    还包括一台外置低温燃料重整器(6)、空气进气管(11)和燃料进样管(15)，所述外置低温燃料重整器(6)缠绕有电加热丝(7)，并设有第一温控表(8)；所述空气进气管(11)的一端和所述燃料进样管(15)的一端均连接至所述外置低温燃料重整器(6)的进口；所述空气进气管(11)的另一端连接至一空气瓶(13)，所述空气进气管(11)上设有气体流量计(12)；
    所述燃料进样管(15)的另一端连接至一燃料注射泵(14)，所述燃料进样管(15)上设有燃料汽化罐(9)，所述燃料汽化罐(9)设有第二温控表(10)；
    所述外置低温燃料重整器(6)的出口通过重整气气管(4)与所述发动机进气管(3)相连；
    所述重整气气管(4)上、并位于临近外置低温燃料重整器(6)的出口处设有一热电偶(5)；
    初始燃料由所述燃料注射泵(14)以匀速经燃料进样管(15)进入到燃料汽化罐(9)中进行汽化，汽化后的燃料导入所述外置低温燃料重整器(6)中，与此同时，由所述空气瓶(13)提供的新鲜空气在气体流量计(12)调控流量下经空气进气管(11)进入到所述外置低温燃料重整器(6)中；在所述外置低温燃料重整器(6)中，汽化后的燃料与新鲜空气混合进行低温重整形成低温产物；重整后的低温产物经过重整气气管(4)进入到发动机进气管(3)中，再次与新鲜空气混合形成均匀混合气导入到所述发动机气缸(1)中，并与缸内直喷的燃料混合燃烧实现混合气活性及浓度分层。
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