WO2018126292A1 - Hydrogen production - Google Patents
Hydrogen production Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018126292A1 WO2018126292A1 PCT/AU2017/051451 AU2017051451W WO2018126292A1 WO 2018126292 A1 WO2018126292 A1 WO 2018126292A1 AU 2017051451 W AU2017051451 W AU 2017051451W WO 2018126292 A1 WO2018126292 A1 WO 2018126292A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- seawater
- sugar
- hydrogen
- produced
- carboxylic acid
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a method for producing hydrogen, although the method is not limited to the production of hydrogen. More specifically, a method for producing a precursor compound from seawater is disclosed. A solution comprising the precursor compound may be electrolysed to produce, inter alia, hydrogen.
- Seawater comprises a multitude of indigenous microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, protists and other single-celled microorganisms, such as Archaea.
- indigenous microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, protists and other single-celled microorganisms, such as Archaea.
- seawater may comprise many thousands of microbes (i.e. more than 20,000 species) although with many present only in small numbers.
- Bacteria and Archaea are single-celled organisms without cell nuclei (prokaryotes). They can be found throughout the seawater column, as well as at the surface of and within ocean sediment. Bacteria and Archaea each possess several metabolic pathways.
- Some of the microorganisms in seawater are aerobic (requiring oxygen), whereas others are anaerobic (not requiring oxygen).
- a solution comprising the precursor compound may be electrolysed to produce hydrogen.
- hydrogen can readily be produced from seawater.
- hydrogen can form a renewable fuel, such as when it is employed in fuel cells, etc.
- a secondary gas namely chlorine
- Chlorine gas also has commercial value.
- Other compounds may be produced by the method, as well as at least partially desalinated water.
- the method comprises mixing a predetermined amount of a sugar with the seawater.
- the mixing of the resultant mixture can be maintained for a sufficient period of time such that catabolysis of the sugar is able to occur.
- a carboxylic acid compound can be produced.
- the carboxylic acid can form a precursor compound which can optionally be electrolysed to produce hydrogen. It has been surprisingly discovered that the indigenous bacteria and Archaea that are found in seawater can be availed so as to convert the sugar via a metabolic pathway (e.g. anaerobically) into a carboxylic acid, etc.
- the carboxylic acid that is produced can be pyruvic acid or a similar alpha-keto acid, or beta- or gamma-keto acids. As set forth hereafter, additional acids can be produced if the metabolic pathway is promoted.
- additional compounds can be produced, including compounds such as ethanoic (acetic) acid and methanoic (formic) acid. These compounds may also be electrolysed to produce further hydrogen. Additionally, the residual solution from electrolysis can comprise ions in solution such as the ethanoate and methanoate anions, which can be reduced to recover e.g. ethanol and methanol.
- the various ions that are produced by catabolysis are highly soluble in water and thus function as electrolytes during electrolysis.
- These various ions therefore function to replace the sodium chloride, etc. electrolytes (i.e. the seawater salts) that facilitate and are thus consumed during the electrolysis stage.
- the method may comprise optimising the pH levels to enhance hydrogen extraction by electrolysis. For example, acid concentrations can be maximised which can increase the efficiency of hydrogen extraction by electrolysis (e.g. it may be more efficient to extract hydrogen at a pH of ⁇ 3 rather than ⁇ 5).
- the predetermined amount of the sugar may be less than about 50g of sugar per litre of seawater.
- the predetermined amount of the sugar may optimally be about 25g/L of seawater. Whilst greater than about 50g/L of sugar can be added, it has been observed that no additional carboxylic acid compound is produced. This is attributed to a limiting capacity of the indigenous bacteria to catabolyse (metabolyse) this sugar.
- an ideal ratio of sugar to (seawater) salt is sought to be achieved, taking into account factors such as (but not limited to) salinity, temperature, pressure, microbial species and the concentrations thereof. Where an optimal concentration of sugar to salt is achieved, this may result in the removal of sufficient sodium and chlorine during electrolysis such as to render the seawater desalinated.
- the sufficient period of time may be greater than about 50 hrs. This is assuming no externally applied catalysis of the catabolysis.
- the incubation of the indigenous bacteria in the seawater may be accelerated by heating; and/or by increasing the concentration of the catabolysing microbes, with a corresponding increase in the concentration and consumption of sugars; and/or by selective "breeding" of the catabolysing microbes; etc.
- the microbes may be concentrated, for example, by first subjecting the seawater to a concentration stage
- the sufficient period of time may be in the range of about 70-90 hrs. More specifically and optimally, the sufficient period of time may be in the range of about 72-84 hrs.
- the sugar may comprise a monosaccharide or a disaccharide. Other carbohydrates may be contemplated.
- the sugar may comprise one or more of glucose, fructose, galactose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, etc.
- the catabolysis may comprise glycolysis, fructolysis or a similar metabolic pathway.
- the type of catabolysis that is induced or encouraged is such as to produce a carboxylic acid such as pyruvic acid, a similar alpha-keto acid, or beta- or gamma-keto acids, or possibly even more simple carboxylic acids such as carbonic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, etc.
- the catabolysis may be controlled so as to end once the pH of the mixture is less than about 5.
- the catabolysis may be controlled to end once the pH of the mixture is in the range of about 3-5.
- the introduction of bacillus or similar bacteria to the catabolysing solution can lead to the formation of acids such as acetic (ethanoic) acid and result in a lower pH approaching approximately pH 3 (and hydrogen extraction by electrolysis may then be conducted on the solution at this lowered pH of ⁇ 3).
- the method may further comprise subjecting the catabolysed mixture to electrolysis so as to produce hydrogen.
- the electrolysis may employ e.g. renewable electricity such as may be generated via various sources (e.g. solar energy such as photovoltaic and/or solar thermal; geo-thermal; wind; wave; tidal; etc.).
- Also disclosed herein is a method for producing hydrogen from seawater.
- the method comprises mixing a predetermined amount of a sugar with the seawater for a sufficient period of time such that catabolysis of the sugar is able to occur, and whereby a carboxylic acid compound is produced.
- the method also comprises subjecting the catabolysed mixture comprising the carboxylic acid compound to electrolysis so as to produce hydrogen.
- the method may be otherwise as set forth above.
- the hydrogen that is produced by the method can be captured and sold as a product.
- Chlorine gas can also be produced at the anode of the electrolysis stage. This can also be captured and sold as a product.
- Figure 1 is a schematic flowsheet illustrating various embodiments of the method as disclosed herein.
- a method 10 for producing hydrogen from seawater 12 is shown as a schematic flowsheet.
- the method 10 can be adapted to the local conditions from which the seawater is sourced, such that optional stages (e.g. 14 & 22) can selectively be added.
- a first stage 18 of the method 10 produces an acidic solution 20 that comprises a precursor compound, in the form of a carboxylic acid (typically pyruvic acid).
- the equilibrium equation for pyruvic acid is as follows:
- a second stage of the method 10 electrolyses the acidic solution comprising the carboxylic acid compound in an electrolysis stage 24 to produce hydrogen gas at the cathode and chlorine gas at the anode.
- the half reactions are:
- the remaining “discard” solution 26 (i.e. post electrolysis) comprises the pyruvate CH3COCOO " (aq) anion in conjunction with the sodium Na + ( aq ) cation.
- the discard stream 26 also includes the by-products of seawater metabolysis. Because sodium and pyruvate ions are now present in solution, the method has effectively manufactured sodium pyruvate (i.e. by removing the hydrogen and chlorine ions). This sodium pyruvate can be separately recovered. Similarly, where the metabolic process is allowed to continue and/or is promoted, various sodium compounds for each of the metabolysing acid species phases can be produced and recovered, including sodium acetate, sodium formate, etc.
- the method 10 ascertains and recognises that hydrogen can be produced from seawater (i.e. from the simple combination of seawater with a sugar).
- seawater i.e. from the simple combination of seawater with a sugar.
- hydrogen is a renewable fuel, and can be employed in fuel cells, etc.
- the method 10 involves mixing a predetermined amount of a sugar 16 with a source of seawater 12 in a continuously stirred tank reactor 18 that is operated at atmospheric temperature and pressure. It is also noted that variations in temperature and pressure can act as a catalyst in this process step.
- the resultant mixture is stirred for a sufficient period of time such that catabolysis (i.e. metabolysis) of the sugar is able to occur due to the sugar being ingested by indigenous bacteria and Archaea that are found in the seawater.
- catabolysis i.e. metabolysis
- a precursor carboxylic acid compound is ultimately produced (typically pyruvic acid, although other alpha-keto acids and/or beta- or gamma-keto acids may be produced).
- the resultant solution 20 is acidic, typically approximately pH 5 and in the range of pH 4-5.
- the solution 20 comprising the carboxylic acid compound is then passed directly to the electrolysis stage 24, where the solution is electrolysed in one or more cells. Because of the acidity of solution 20 hydrogen gas is produced at the cathode and chlorine gas is produced at the anode. Each of the hydrogen gas and chlorine gas that is produced can be captured and each sold individually as a product. Electricity for the electrolysis stage can be from renewable sources such as solar energy (photovoltaic and/or solar thermal), geo-thermal, wind, wave, tidal, etc.
- the method 10 recognises and makes use of indigenous bacteria and Archaea that are found in seawater to convert the sugar via an anaerobic metabolic pathway into the carboxylic acid compound.
- the metabolic pathway is glycolysis or similar, and typically the carboxylic acid that is produced is pyruvic acid although, as above, other alpha-keto acids and/or beta- or gamma-keto acids may be produced.
- the method 10 can be deployed with a range of sugars such as monosaccharides (e.g. glucose, galactose and fructose) and disaccharides (e.g. lactose, maltose and sucrose).
- the method 10 can make use of waste forms of these sugars from other industries. Use of other carbohydrates may be possible, providing that the resultant metabolic pathway produces in the solution an acid that is suitable for electrolytic treatment and hydrogen production.
- the amount of sugar 16 that is added to the mixing stage 18 to be induced by the indigenous bacteria and Archaea to produce carboxylic acid can be less than about 50g of sugar per litre of seawater. Optimally it can be at or around 25g/L of seawater. Whilst greater than about 50g/L of sugar can be added to mixing stage 18, it is observed that no additional carboxylic acid is produced. This is attributed to a limiting capacity of the indigenous bacteria to metabolise this sugar. It is further noted that this level of consumption may vary with the seawater source. In the simple case, the seawater and sugar are mixed in the mixing stage 18 for a period of time that is greater than about 50 hrs. A typical mixing period is in the range of about 70-90 hrs and, optimally, in the range of about 72-84 hrs. It is noted that, beyond this time, little to no additional carboxylic acid is produced.
- the metabolysis taking place in mixing stage 18 can be controlled (i.e. ended) once the pH of the mixture is about 5; more typically in the range of about 4-5.
- the seawater prior to being mixed with the sugar, can be pre-treated (indicated by optional stage 14).
- pre-treatment can include one of more of: - filtering of the seawater to remove impurities therefrom (e.g. by micro- or membrane- filtration, etc.);
- - heating of the seawater e.g. by heat exchange, such as from a solar- or geo- thermal plant, either prior to feeding it to, or within the mixing stage 18; concentration of the solution, including especially of the indigenous bacteria and Archaea in the seawater (e.g. by evaporation, microbial stimulation, selective "breeding” such as by feeding of the microbes, reverse osmosis to remove a water fraction thereof, etc.).
- the solution can be post-treated prior to electrolysis (indicated by optional stage 22).
- Such post-treatment can produce a discard stream 26A, and can again include one of more of filtration (e.g. to separate off and remove the waste products of metabolysis); heating; concentration; etc.
- a portion or all of the solution can be subjected to additional metabo lysis prior to electrolysis (indicated by optional stage 30).
- additional metabolysis 30 can include the addition of further bacteria (e.g.
- Such additional metabolysis 30 can take place in a series of holding tanks, each of which can be further catalysed, such as by one or more of: heating; increased concentration of catabolysing microbes and sugars; selective "breeding" of microbes; etc.
- the additional metabolysis 30 can produce a final acid (e.g. simple acids, such as ethanoic acid).
- the solution containing such acids can then be passed to electrolysis 24, where it can be electrolysed to produce hydrogen gas, chlorine gas, etc. Rather than discard the electrolysed solution, it can be passed to a compound recovery stage, where e.g. the simple acid anions (e.g. the ethanoate ion) can be separated (e.g. by membrane separating), reduced and then recovered - e.g. as ethanol.
- Such treatment stages can be employed individually or collectively in the method 10. Each such treatment stage can be considered as an externally applied catalysis of the metabolic process of the mixing stage 18, in comparison to the simple case set forth above. In turn, electrolysis and hydrogen, etc. production can be enhanced.
- Increasing the concentration of the indigenous bacteria and Archaea, and addition of other bacteria, can allow for a corresponding increase in the concentration and consumption of sugars. This can result in greater carboxylic, etc. acid production, a lowering of the solution pH range (e.g. to pH 2-4), and ideally - greater hydrogen production (e.g. in volume and/or rate).
- the catabolic (metabolic) pathway undergone by the sugar may comprise glycolysis, fructolysis or a similar metabolic pathway.
- the type of sugar and catabolic pathway is such as to produce an alpha-keto carboxylic acid such as pyruvic acid or similar, and optionally may produce beta- or gamma-keto acids, or if allowed to progress, can produce simple carboxylic and other acids such as carbonic acid, formic (methanoic) acid, acetic (ethanoic) acid, etc.
- Sucrose was mixed with seawater in a continuously stirred mixing tank at an approximate ratio of 25g/Litre, and was observed to completely dissolve in solution. Multiple concentrations of the sucrose were tested, with ⁇ 25g/Litre being found to be optimal for the level of microbes in the seawater of that region.
- the seawater had an initial pH in the range of between 8-9, with the resultant mixed solution being measured to have an initial pH of approximately 8-9.
- sucrose by glycolysis, it was noted to form pyruvic acid CH 3 COCOOH (aq) , with a decrease in the pH of the solution being to approximately 5, and typically in the range ⁇ 4 to 5.
- the experimental procedures were conducted at ambient temperatures and pressures, and revealed that, at such temperatures and pressures, glycolysis took greater than 50 hours, and typically took approximately 72 - 84 hours to produce a pH of 5 or less. Some residual reaction was observed to still take place, but was observed to be much slower, with the pH not being reduced below 4 under the ambient temperature and pressure conditions (i.e. in the absence of any externally applied catalysis).
- the resultant solution was passed to an electrolysis cell, where it was subjected to electrolysis under normal (ambient temperature and pressure) conditions. The cell produced hydrogen gas at the cathode (-ve) and chlorine gas at the anode (+ve).
- the approximate ratio of gas production was found to be approximately 7 parts of hydrogen gas to approximately 0.8 parts of chlorine gas.
- the testing also indicated that no chlorine liquid (Cl( aq) ) was produced and no sodium hydroxide (NaOH (aq) ) or sodium chloride (NaCl( aq) ) was evident in the discard solution
- Example 2 A sample of untreated seawater was supplied to the independent testing laboratory. The laboratory was instructed to analyse the conductivity, salinity, pH and pyruvic acid content of the sample as follows: before it was subjected to metabolysis; after metabolysis; and after electrolysis. The laboratory was also instructed to subject the seawater to metabolysis (as set forth above).
- the conductivity of the sample only dropped marginally from its initial value and during each of metabo lysis and electrolysis. Thus, continuing metabolysis did not affect the ability of the solution to be electrolysed.
- the salinity of the sample which indicated that the method was also able to assist with desalination (e.g. as part of a desalination process).
- the method could be used in conjunction with a conventional desalination process, whereby the electrolysis discard solution 26, 26A and/or the solution from stage 35 could form a feed solution to a conventional desalination process.
- the pyruvic acid produced by metabolysis was measured to rise by a factor of greater than 3. It will be seen that the amount of pyruvic acid that was measured prior to and after electrolysis increased slightly, from 0.025 g/L to 0.029 g/L. It was noted that, as hydrogen was being extracted from the solution (i.e. as hydrogen gas), it is postulated that hydrolysis occurred between the remaining sodium pyruvate in solution and water, whereby the sodium pyruvate and/or water molecules donated a hydrogen ion (i.e. which showed/detected as an increase in pyruvic acid). It was also noted that other process variables that may have contributed to the slight increase of pyruvic acid included temperature fluctuations and/or loss of water volume. It was further noted that sodium can act as a hydrogen pump in some metabolic pathways which can also influence the H+ concentration and thus the pyruvic acid reading.
- the laboratory testing thus confirmed the production of a precursor carboxylic acid (pyruvic acid). The laboratory testing also confirmed that this solution was able to be electrolysed to yield hydrogen gas.
- Example 3 A further sample of untreated seawater was supplied to the independent testing laboratory, with the laboratory being instructed to subject the seawater to metabolysis (i.e. as set forth above). The laboratory was also instructed to measure for hydrogen gas produced by the electrolysis. In this regard, 25 gm of raw cane sugar was added to a 1 L sample of the untreated seawater and the metabolysis was allowed to occur over a 4 day period. During this time, the pH was measured and was observed to drop from 8.07 to 4.36, indicating that metabolysis had proceeded.
- a further sample of untreated seawater was supplied to the independent testing laboratory, with the laboratory being instructed to subject the seawater to metabolysis (as set forth above).
- the laboratory was also instructed to measure for each of hydrogen gas and chlorine gas produced by electrolysis.
- 25 gm of raw cane sugar was added to a 1 L sample of the untreated seawater and the metabolysis was allowed to occur over a 4 day period.
- the pH was measured and was observed to drop from ⁇ 8 to less than 5, again indicating that metabolysis had proceeded.
- the metabolysed solution was again subjected to electrolysis in a Hoffman apparatus in which it was electrolysed using a 12 V battery.
- Example 5 Subsequent testing was performed to further lower the pH of the solution produced by metabolysis. In this testing the solution pH was lowered by the introduction of additional microbial species, using added bacillus or similar. This resulted in a solution pH of around 3 or less prior to electrolysis. It was noted that several species of bacteria could be employed, with a number of such bacteria able to metabolise pyruvate to lactate and eventually to ethanoate (i.e. allowing the production of ethanol).
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2019527534A JP6667050B1 (en) | 2017-01-03 | 2017-12-22 | Production of hydrogen |
KR1020197010959A KR102085104B1 (en) | 2017-01-03 | 2017-12-22 | Hydrogen production |
AU2017391757A AU2017391757B2 (en) | 2017-01-03 | 2017-12-22 | Hydrogen production |
KR1020207005957A KR20200038952A (en) | 2017-01-03 | 2017-12-22 | Hydrogen production |
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AU2017900006 | 2017-01-03 | ||
AU2017900006A AU2017900006A0 (en) | 2017-01-03 | Hydrogen Production |
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WO2018126292A1 true WO2018126292A1 (en) | 2018-07-12 |
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PCT/AU2017/051451 WO2018126292A1 (en) | 2017-01-03 | 2017-12-22 | Hydrogen production |
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KR (2) | KR20200038952A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2017391757B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018126292A1 (en) |
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Citations (5)
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JP2004215606A (en) * | 2003-01-16 | 2004-08-05 | Asahi Breweries Ltd | Method for producing lactic acid |
US20090246841A1 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-10-01 | Jamieson Andrew C | Methods and compositions for production of acetaldehyde |
US20090325255A1 (en) * | 2006-02-13 | 2009-12-31 | Nagarjuna Energy Private Limited | Process for over-production of hydrogen |
CN102199541A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-09-28 | 国家海洋局第三海洋研究所 | Schizochytrium sp.TIO1101 strain with high-yield DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and fermentation method thereof |
JP2015025172A (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-02-05 | 渡辺 治 | Circulatory bio hydrogen production facility using biomass |
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WO2012003402A2 (en) * | 2010-07-01 | 2012-01-05 | Heliobiosys, Inc. | Compositions and methods for culturing microorganisms |
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2017
- 2017-12-22 KR KR1020207005957A patent/KR20200038952A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-12-22 KR KR1020197010959A patent/KR102085104B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2017-12-22 WO PCT/AU2017/051451 patent/WO2018126292A1/en active Application Filing
- 2017-12-22 JP JP2019527534A patent/JP6667050B1/en active Active
- 2017-12-22 AU AU2017391757A patent/AU2017391757B2/en active Active
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2020
- 2020-02-20 JP JP2020027110A patent/JP2020096634A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004215606A (en) * | 2003-01-16 | 2004-08-05 | Asahi Breweries Ltd | Method for producing lactic acid |
US20090325255A1 (en) * | 2006-02-13 | 2009-12-31 | Nagarjuna Energy Private Limited | Process for over-production of hydrogen |
US20090246841A1 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-10-01 | Jamieson Andrew C | Methods and compositions for production of acetaldehyde |
CN102199541A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-09-28 | 国家海洋局第三海洋研究所 | Schizochytrium sp.TIO1101 strain with high-yield DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and fermentation method thereof |
JP2015025172A (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-02-05 | 渡辺 治 | Circulatory bio hydrogen production facility using biomass |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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RUBY, E.G. ET AL.: "Pyruvate Production and Excretion by the Luminous Marine Bacteria", APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 34, no. 2, 1977, pages 164 - 169, XP055511253 * |
WANG, L. ET AL.: "Bioactive hydroxyphenylpyrrole-dicarboxylic acids from a new marine Halomonas sp.: production and structure elucidation", APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 72, no. 8, 2006, pages 816 - 822, XP055511077 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2017391757A1 (en) | 2018-10-11 |
KR20200038952A (en) | 2020-04-14 |
JP2020513239A (en) | 2020-05-14 |
JP6667050B1 (en) | 2020-03-18 |
KR20190096938A (en) | 2019-08-20 |
JP2020096634A (en) | 2020-06-25 |
KR102085104B1 (en) | 2020-05-18 |
AU2017391757B2 (en) | 2018-11-08 |
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