WO2018124175A1 - Method for controlling pests of tea - Google Patents
Method for controlling pests of tea Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018124175A1 WO2018124175A1 PCT/JP2017/046886 JP2017046886W WO2018124175A1 WO 2018124175 A1 WO2018124175 A1 WO 2018124175A1 JP 2017046886 W JP2017046886 W JP 2017046886W WO 2018124175 A1 WO2018124175 A1 WO 2018124175A1
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- tea
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for controlling pests of tea for controlling or controlling pests in tea plants.
- tea producers have appropriate types and amounts of drugs at appropriate times. It has been dealt with by spraying.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-31350
- the drug is introduced into the tea tree.
- a device for spraying evenly and efficiently in a short time a large number of nozzles project from the lower surface of a substantially arc-shaped substrate with a handle, and the drug is supplied to each nozzle.
- a spraying device is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-289057 discloses that a plucking mechanism that moves along a teacup and picks tea leaves and a medicine adhering means that attaches the medicine to the tea tree are configured integrally. Discloses a method for controlling pests of tea trees by means of a tea leaf plucking device in which a drug attaching means attaches a drug to a plucking cut of tea trees immediately after plucking the tea leaves.
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2016-152794 describes a case where sprinkled eggs, larvae, and adult worms are attached to the leaves of crops while spraying warm water on specially prepared fields.
- a hot water control method for controlling pests by spraying an organic farming solution on the leaf surface is disclosed.
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-158522 provides a wetness degree sensor at a position close to the parasitic environment of an anaerobic pest in the field, and waters the field according to the detection value of the wetness degree sensor. There is disclosed a method for controlling an anaerobic pest characterized by revealing a repellent situation of an anaerobic pest and / or a situation where it is difficult to survive.
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-212012 discloses that a saturated water vapor flow adjusted to a required temperature is provided in a processing space surrounding a plant seedling, above the plant seedling. A method for controlling pests of plant seedlings is disclosed, wherein the plant seedlings are exposed to the saturated steam flow for a time within a range not subject to thermal injury. Yes.
- Non-Patent Document 1 when plants such as strawberries are heated to a high temperature of 40 to 50 ° C. for several tens of seconds to several minutes, the plants undergo various reactions and induce resistance to diseases such as powdery mildew. It is disclosed that there is a phenomenon that makes it difficult to get sick.
- tea is a special crop and has the characteristic of harvesting tea leaves multiple times a year.
- the picking time varies depending on the region. For example, in Shizuoka Prefecture, after the first tea was picked between mid-April and mid-May, 45-50 days after the first tea picking, the next buds It is normal to wait for the tea to grow and then pluck the second tea, and then wait about three months until autumn before plucking the autumn / winternadoha. In this way, for tea trees that are harvested multiple times during the year, it is necessary to carry out control several times for each harvesting period. In some cases, the pesticides sprayed on the tea leaves remained and the type and concentration of the pesticides contained in the tea leaves increased. Moreover, since the frequency
- the present invention is to provide a new tea pest control method that can more effectively control tea pests by using heated water without using pesticides. It is.
- the present invention proposes a method for controlling pests of tea, characterized by performing a treatment in which heated mist-like water is brought into contact with tea leaves so that the surface temperature of the tea leaves becomes 45 ° C. to 55 ° C.
- the tea pest control method proposed by the present invention it is possible to effectively control tea pests using heated water without using pesticides.
- a method for controlling pests of tea according to an example of an embodiment of the present invention is a mist-like water heated to a surface temperature of tea leaves of 45 ° C. to 55 ° C.
- a method for controlling tea characterized in that a process of bringing a mist into contact with tea leaves is performed.
- the tea targeted by this control method may be any tea that is cultivated for the purpose of extracting the picked tea leaves or processed tea leaves into a liquid and drinking the liquid. Tea cultivated for the purpose of eating edible tea leaves may also be used. Specifically, for example, tea cultivating sencha, strawberry tea, gyokuro, oolong tea, black tea, and other tea for beverages can be mentioned.
- Target disease and insect damage examples of diseases that can be targeted by the present control method include anthracnose, ring spot disease, leaf blight, net blast, and leprosy.
- diseases that can be targeted by the present control method include anthracnose, ring spot disease, leaf blight, net blast, and leprosy.
- insect damage insect species include Chanomidori Himekobai (hereinafter referred to as "Unka"), Kanzawa spider mite, stag beetle, chano thrips, chanococcus anemone, chanohosoga and the like. However, it is not limited to these.
- heating mist The water of heating mist should just be water, such as a tap water and a well water. If necessary, a drug can be added.
- the temperature of the heating mist is preferably adjusted to 45 ° C to 55 ° C. If it is 45 ° C. or higher, it is effective for controlling diseases and pests, while if it is 55 ° C. or lower, the occurrence of thermal injury can be prevented. From this point of view, it is preferable to adjust the temperature of the mist water to be brought into contact with the tea leaves to 45 ° C. to 55 ° C., particularly 47 ° C. or more and 54 ° C. or less, especially 50 ° C. or more and 53 ° C. or less. preferable.
- the heated water may be mist, or the mist water may be heated.
- a method of cooling water vapor obtained with a boiler, a method of spraying fine water droplets in hot air, and the like can be mentioned. However, it is not limited to these methods.
- the heated mist is preferably brought into contact with the tea leaves on the surface of the leaf layer of at least the tea tree and the tea leaves, and more preferably brought into contact with the tea leaves of the bud portion to be plucked.
- the bud can be directly controlled by bringing it into contact with the tea leaf of the bud portion to be picked.
- a hardened leaf below the plucked surface generally called “parent leaf”, more preferably to a branch, and further to a trunk.
- parent leaf a hardened leaf below the plucked surface
- by bringing the heated mist into contact with the parent leaves, branches, and trunk conidia and pests attached to them can be controlled.
- the heated mist is brought into contact with tea leaves or tea trees so that the surface temperature of the tea leaves is 45 ° C. to 55 ° C. If the surface temperature of the tea leaves is 45 ° C. or higher, it is effective for controlling diseases and pests, while if it is 55 ° C. or lower, the occurrence of thermal injury can be prevented. From this point of view, it is preferable that the surface temperature of the tea leaf when the heated mist is brought into contact with the tea leaf or tea tree is 45 ° C. to 55 ° C., particularly 46 ° C. or more or 53 ° C. or less, of which 50 ° C. or more. It is particularly preferable that the temperature be 52 ° C. or lower. At this time, the surface temperature of the tea leaves can be adjusted by the temperature of the heating mist and the contact time.
- contact time (simply referred to as “contact time”) of the heated mist to be brought into contact with the tea leaves in relation to the temperature of the water.
- the temperature of the water to be brought into contact with the tea leaves and the tea leaves so that the product (A ⁇ h) of the temperature (A) of the heating mist and the contact time (h) is 45 ° C. ⁇ 6 S to 55 ° C. ⁇ 15 S
- the contact time of water to be contacted For example, by treating the heated mist at 45 ° C. so as to contact the tea leaves within a contact time of 6 seconds or less, it is possible to prevent thermal injury while obtaining an excellent control effect.
- the product (A ⁇ h) of the temperature (A) of the heating mist and the contact time (h) is preferably 45 ° C. ⁇ 6 S to 55 ° C. ⁇ 15 S, and among them, 46 ° C. ⁇ 6 S or more or 53 ° C. It is particularly preferable to adjust so as to be not more than x12S, and in particular, not less than 50 ° Cx3S or 52 ° Cx10S.
- ⁇ Temperature A (° C.)-30 ° C. ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ Time h (seconds) for contacting heated mist with tea leaves ⁇ ⁇ 100 is 50 or less, especially 10 or more, 40 or less, 12 or more
- the above treatment that is, the treatment of bringing heated mist-like water into contact with tea leaves, is within 2 weeks from the time of plucking or branching tea leaves, It is preferable to carry out within one week, particularly within one day.
- the tea leaf plucking is not particularly limited as long as it is plucking for harvesting tea leaves. Especially, it is preferable that it is plucking for harvesting the first tea or the second tea.
- the branching of the tea leaves means a pruning operation of the plucked surface performed after plucking the tea leaves. Among them, the branching after the first tea picking or the branching after the second tea picking is preferable.
- after picking the first tea and before picking the second tea it is preferable to apply after picking the first tea and before picking the second tea. However, it may be performed before plucking the first tea or after plucking the second tea. Among them, it is preferable to carry out between 1st to 14th day of picking of No. 1 tea, and more preferred to be between 1st to 7th day of picking, and more preferably 3rd day or less. Since the tea tree is damaged by plucking, conidia of ring spot disease may enter through the wound. Therefore, it is preferable to control immediately after the tea is picked, and it is possible to reduce the conidia of the anthracnose before germination and the reduction of the planthopper.
- the most effective second tea buds are sprouting for 10 to 25 days from the first tea picking day, especially 15 to 20 days from the picking date. It is particularly preferred to carry out during
- the wounded part of the plucking machine blade which is likely to be an infection source of ring spot disease, becomes the infected part, so the above treatment, that is, heated mist water is brought into contact with the tea leaves
- the treatment to be carried out is preferably carried out within 24 hours, particularly within 18 hours, especially within 12 hours from the time of plucking or branching tea leaves.
- ⁇ Tea production method Tea plants are grown while applying this control method, and 2-4 of the first tea (March to May), Nibancha (June to July), Sanbancha (July to August), and fall / winternadoha (autumn) Plucking may be performed at intervals and intervals.
- the first tea is picked from mid-April to late May. Wait 45-50 days after picking the first tea and wait for the next bud to grow before serving the second tea.
- the third tea is picked 40 to 45 days after the second tea is picked, and the fourth tea is picked 50 to 60 days after the third tea is picked.
- a series of picked tea leaves are steamed with steam to inactivate (kill blue) the oxidase contained in fresh tea leaves, and then infused and dried with coarse koji, bonito, medium-plumbing, and spirits. After being processed into crude tea through the above process, it may be further processed according to the application.
- a 40-65 ° C heated mist is made for tea variety "Yabukita" and this is used for 3 seconds-using a commercially available nozzle (20 heads) used for tea control.
- the spray was applied to tea plants and tea leaves for 10 seconds, and the surface temperature (leaf surface temperature) of the tea leaves was measured and the presence or absence of thermal injury was observed.
- the determination of the presence or absence of thermal injury is based on thermal injury if there is a state in which the leaf has fallen without progressing, such as the leaf falling so that it melts or the leaf turns red and black. If such a state is observed only in a part, it is determined that there is a thermal injury “partial”, and if such a state is not observed anywhere, it is determined that there is no thermal injury. did.
- Anthracnose is a disease that infects hair follicles in young buds, and develops after an incubation period of 14 to 20 days (8 to 15 days at the shortest) after attachment to hair follicles. It has been found that such an anthracnose control method is most effective when it is carried out at the leaf opening stage of the buds with hair folds (within 2 weeks from the most tea picking or branching).
- ring spot disease is a disease mainly transmitted from the wound surface at the time of plucking. Conidia germinate 2 to 3 hours after attachment, and become ill after a incubation period of 5 to 10 days.
- Pesticides can be broadly distributed with “preventive agents” and “therapeutic agents”. Within one day from the above plucking, within two weeks from the first tea, etc. are all aimed at “prevention”, and it is based on the idea that prevention of disease leads to obtaining good quality tea leaves. However, even if pest control can cause disease, therapeutic agents are used in conventional pest control, but pesticides are used for a specific period of time, and the preventive agent is generally a therapeutic agent up to 30 days before the second tea extraction. Can generally only be used up to 14 days prior to picking Nibancha.
- ⁇ Test 3> The relationship between the leaf surface temperature when heated mist-like water (heated mist) was brought into contact with tea leaves and the control effect was verified.
- tea pests can be controlled when heated mist is brought into contact with tea trees and tea leaves so that the surface temperature of the tea leaves is 45 ° C. or higher. I understood.
- ⁇ the temperature of the heating mist A (° C.) ⁇ 30 ° C. ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ the time h (seconds) for which the heating mist is brought into contact with the tea leaves
- ⁇ ⁇ 100 is 50 or less, the control effect can be obtained in a shorter processing time, and no thermal injury occurs.
- ⁇ Test 4> The relationship between the leaf surface temperature and treatment frequency when heated mist-like water (heated mist) was brought into contact with tea leaves, and the pest control effect was verified.
- a pesticide that is a representative pest in tea leaves or tea trees is selected, and the pest control effect is determined from the average number of the pesticides that are attached to the three pest traps installed in each test area. The presence or absence of was judged.
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Abstract
Description
このように1年の間に複数回収穫する茶樹に関しては、摘採する時期ごとに複数回の防除を行う必要があるため、三番茶や四番茶、秋冬番茶など後半の摘採時期になると前茶期に散布した農薬が残留し、茶葉に含まれる農薬の種類及び濃度が高くなる場合があった。また、農薬の使用回数が多くなることから、一般的な作物と比較して費用が掛ってしまう場合があった。そのため、農薬を使わず、効果的な新たな病害虫防除方法が求められていた。 Among the perennial crops, tea is a special crop and has the characteristic of harvesting tea leaves multiple times a year. The picking time varies depending on the region. For example, in Shizuoka Prefecture, after the first tea was picked between mid-April and mid-May, 45-50 days after the first tea picking, the next buds It is normal to wait for the tea to grow and then pluck the second tea, and then wait about three months until autumn before plucking the autumn / winter bancha.
In this way, for tea trees that are harvested multiple times during the year, it is necessary to carry out control several times for each harvesting period. In some cases, the pesticides sprayed on the tea leaves remained and the type and concentration of the pesticides contained in the tea leaves increased. Moreover, since the frequency | count of the use of an agrochemical increases, there existed a case where expense compared with the general crop. Therefore, an effective new method for controlling pests without using pesticides has been demanded.
本発明の実施形態の一例に係る茶の病害虫防除方法(「本防除方法」と称する)は、茶葉の表面温度が45℃~55℃になるように、加熱された霧状の水(「加熱ミスト」と称する)を茶葉に接触させる処理を行うことを特徴とする茶の防除方法である。 <This control method>
A method for controlling pests of tea according to an example of an embodiment of the present invention (referred to as “the present control method”) is a mist-like water heated to a surface temperature of tea leaves of 45 ° C. to 55 ° C. A method for controlling tea, characterized in that a process of bringing a mist into contact with tea leaves is performed.
本防除方法が対象とする茶としては、摘採した茶葉もしくは茶葉の加工物を液体に抽出し、その液体を飲用することを目的として栽培する茶であればよい。摘採した茶葉を食用することを目的として栽培する茶であってもよい。
具体的には、例えば煎茶、碾茶、玉露、烏龍茶、紅茶、その他飲料用の茶を栽培する茶を挙げることができる。 (Target tea)
The tea targeted by this control method may be any tea that is cultivated for the purpose of extracting the picked tea leaves or processed tea leaves into a liquid and drinking the liquid. Tea cultivated for the purpose of eating edible tea leaves may also be used.
Specifically, for example, tea cultivating sencha, strawberry tea, gyokuro, oolong tea, black tea, and other tea for beverages can be mentioned.
本防除方法が対象とし得る病害としては、例えば炭そ病、輪斑病、赤葉枯病、網もち病、白星病などを挙げることができる。虫害の虫種としては、例えばチャノミドリヒメヨコバイ(以下、ウンカと示す)、カンザワハダニ、クワシロカイガラムシ、チャノキイロアザミウマ、チャノコカクモンハマキ、チャノホソガなどを挙げることができる。但し、これらに限定するものではない。 (Target disease and insect damage)
Examples of diseases that can be targeted by the present control method include anthracnose, ring spot disease, leaf blight, net blast, and leprosy. Examples of insect damage insect species include Chanomidori Himekobai (hereinafter referred to as "Unka"), Kanzawa spider mite, stag beetle, chano thrips, chanococcus anemone, chanohosoga and the like. However, it is not limited to these.
加熱ミストの水は、水道水、井戸水などの水であればよい。
必要に応じて、薬剤を添加することもできる。 (Heating mist)
The water of heating mist should just be water, such as a tap water and a well water.
If necessary, a drug can be added.
かかる観点から、茶葉に接触させる霧状の水の温度は45℃~55℃に調整するのが好ましく、中でも47℃以上或いは54℃以下、その中でも50℃以上或いは53℃以下であるのが特に好ましい。 The temperature of the heating mist is preferably adjusted to 45 ° C to 55 ° C. If it is 45 ° C. or higher, it is effective for controlling diseases and pests, while if it is 55 ° C. or lower, the occurrence of thermal injury can be prevented.
From this point of view, it is preferable to adjust the temperature of the mist water to be brought into contact with the tea leaves to 45 ° C. to 55 ° C., particularly 47 ° C. or more and 54 ° C. or less, especially 50 ° C. or more and 53 ° C. or less. preferable.
加熱ミストは、少なくとも茶樹及び茶葉のうち、葉層表面部分の茶葉に接触させるのが好ましく、さらには摘採対象となる芽部分の茶葉に接触させるのも好ましい。
葉層表面部分の茶葉に接触させることで、芽の周囲に存在しその成長や品質に影響を与える病気の分生子や害虫を防除することができる。また、摘採対象となる芽部分の茶葉に接触させることで、直接的に芽の防除を行うことができる。
中でも、茎の切断面にも接触させるのが好ましく、毛茸が存在する若い葉にも接触させるのが好ましい。また、一般的に「親葉」と称される摘採面より下にある硬化が進んだ葉にも接触させるのが好ましく、さらに枝に接触させるのが好ましく、さらには幹にも接触させるのが好ましい。
加熱ミストを茎の切断面に接触させることで輪斑病の防除を効果的に行うことができ、毛茸が存在する若い葉にも接触させることで炭そ病の防除を効果的に行うことができる。また、加熱ミストを親葉や枝、幹にも接触させることで、それらに付着している分生子や害虫を防除することができる。 (Method of bringing heated mist into contact with tea leaves or tea tree)
The heated mist is preferably brought into contact with the tea leaves on the surface of the leaf layer of at least the tea tree and the tea leaves, and more preferably brought into contact with the tea leaves of the bud portion to be plucked.
By making contact with the tea leaves on the surface of the leaf layer, it is possible to control conidia and pests that are present around the bud and affect the growth and quality of the bud. Moreover, the bud can be directly controlled by bringing it into contact with the tea leaf of the bud portion to be picked.
Especially, it is preferable to contact also the cut surface of a stem, and it is preferable to also contact the young leaf in which a hair fist exists. In addition, it is preferable to contact a hardened leaf below the plucked surface generally called “parent leaf”, more preferably to a branch, and further to a trunk. preferable.
It is possible to effectively control ring rot by bringing heated mist into contact with the cut surface of the stalk, and effectively controlling anthracnose by bringing it into contact with young leaves with furrows. Can do. In addition, by bringing the heated mist into contact with the parent leaves, branches, and trunk, conidia and pests attached to them can be controlled.
茶葉の表面温度が45℃以上であれば、病気及び害虫の防除に有効である一方、55℃以下であれば熱傷害の発生を防止することができる。
かかる観点から、加熱ミストを茶葉乃至茶樹に接触させた際の茶葉の表面温度が45℃~55℃になるようにするのが好ましく、中でも46℃以上或いは53℃以下、その中でも50℃以上或いは52℃以下となるようにするのが特に好ましい。
この際、茶葉の表面温度は、加熱ミストの温度と接触時間によって調整することができる。 It is preferable that the heated mist is brought into contact with tea leaves or tea trees so that the surface temperature of the tea leaves is 45 ° C. to 55 ° C.
If the surface temperature of the tea leaves is 45 ° C. or higher, it is effective for controlling diseases and pests, while if it is 55 ° C. or lower, the occurrence of thermal injury can be prevented.
From this point of view, it is preferable that the surface temperature of the tea leaf when the heated mist is brought into contact with the tea leaf or tea tree is 45 ° C. to 55 ° C., particularly 46 ° C. or more or 53 ° C. or less, of which 50 ° C. or more. It is particularly preferable that the temperature be 52 ° C. or lower.
At this time, the surface temperature of the tea leaves can be adjusted by the temperature of the heating mist and the contact time.
目安としては、加熱ミストの温度(A)と接触時間(h)との積(A×h)が45℃×6S~55℃×15Sとなるように、茶葉に接触させる水の温度及び茶葉に接触させる水の接触時間を調整するのが好ましい。
例えば、45℃の加熱ミストを6秒以内の接触時間で茶葉に接触させるように処理することで、優れた防除効果を得つつ、熱傷害を防ぐことができる。その一方で、接触15秒以内であれば、従来の防除方法と同等の処理時間とすることができる。
かかる観点から、加熱ミストの温度(A)と接触時間(h)との積(A×h)が45℃×6S~55℃×15Sとするのが好ましく、中でも46℃×6S以上或いは53℃×12S以下、中でも50℃×3S以上或いは52℃×10S以下となるように調整するのが特に好ましい。 It is preferable to adjust the contact time (simply referred to as “contact time”) of the heated mist to be brought into contact with the tea leaves in relation to the temperature of the water.
As a guide, the temperature of the water to be brought into contact with the tea leaves and the tea leaves so that the product (A × h) of the temperature (A) of the heating mist and the contact time (h) is 45 ° C. × 6 S to 55 ° C. × 15 S It is preferable to adjust the contact time of water to be contacted.
For example, by treating the heated mist at 45 ° C. so as to contact the tea leaves within a contact time of 6 seconds or less, it is possible to prevent thermal injury while obtaining an excellent control effect. On the other hand, if it is within 15 seconds of contact, it can be set as the processing time equivalent to the conventional control method.
From this point of view, the product (A × h) of the temperature (A) of the heating mist and the contact time (h) is preferably 45 ° C. × 6 S to 55 ° C. × 15 S, and among them, 46 ° C. × 6 S or more or 53 ° C. It is particularly preferable to adjust so as to be not more than x12S, and in particular, not less than 50 ° Cx3S or 52 ° Cx10S.
炭そ病や輪斑病などを効果的に防除する観点から、上記処理すなわち加熱された霧状の水を茶葉に接触させる処理は、茶葉の摘採若しくは整枝を行った時から2週間以内、中でも1週間以内、その中でも1日以内に実施するのが好ましい。 (Control time)
From the viewpoint of effectively controlling anthracnose or ring spot disease, the above treatment, that is, the treatment of bringing heated mist-like water into contact with tea leaves, is within 2 weeks from the time of plucking or branching tea leaves, It is preferable to carry out within one week, particularly within one day.
また、上記茶葉の整枝とは、茶葉を摘採した後に行う摘採面の刈込作業を意味する。中でも一番茶摘採後の整枝又は二番茶摘採後の整枝であるのが好ましい。 The tea leaf plucking is not particularly limited as long as it is plucking for harvesting tea leaves. Especially, it is preferable that it is plucking for harvesting the first tea or the second tea.
In addition, the branching of the tea leaves means a pruning operation of the plucked surface performed after plucking the tea leaves. Among them, the branching after the first tea picking or the branching after the second tea picking is preferable.
その中でも、1番茶の摘採当日~14日の間に実施するのが好ましく、その中でも摘採当日~7日の間、その中でも摘採当日~3日以下の間に実施するのがより一層好ましい。
摘採することによって茶樹には傷がつくため、その傷口から輪斑病の分生子などが入り込むことがある。そのため、茶摘採後すぐに防除するのが好ましく、萌芽前の炭そ病の分生子の低減、ウンカの低減も行うことができる。 Among these, it is preferable to apply after picking the first tea and before picking the second tea. However, it may be performed before plucking the first tea or after plucking the second tea.
Among them, it is preferable to carry out between 1st to 14th day of picking of No. 1 tea, and more preferred to be between 1st to 7th day of picking, and more preferably 3rd day or less.
Since the tea tree is damaged by plucking, conidia of ring spot disease may enter through the wound. Therefore, it is preferable to control immediately after the tea is picked, and it is possible to reduce the conidia of the anthracnose before germination and the reduction of the planthopper.
本防除方法を適用しながら茶樹を育成し、一番茶(3~5月)、二番茶(6~7月)、三番茶(7~8月)、秋冬番茶(秋)のうちの2~4期間、間隔をおいて摘採を行えばよい。
例えば鹿児島県であれば、一番茶の摘採時期は、4月中旬から5月下旬であり、一番茶摘採後45~50日間ほど経過し次の芽が伸びてくるのを待ってから二番茶を摘採し、二番茶摘採後40~45日間で三番茶を摘採し、三番茶摘採後50~60日間で四番茶を摘採するのが通常である。 <Tea production method>
Tea plants are grown while applying this control method, and 2-4 of the first tea (March to May), Nibancha (June to July), Sanbancha (July to August), and fall / winter bancha (autumn) Plucking may be performed at intervals and intervals.
For example, in Kagoshima Prefecture, the first tea is picked from mid-April to late May. Wait 45-50 days after picking the first tea and wait for the next bud to grow before serving the second tea. In general, the third tea is picked 40 to 45 days after the second tea is picked, and the fourth tea is picked 50 to 60 days after the third tea is picked.
本明細書において「X~Y」(X,Yは任意の数字)と表現する場合、特にことわらない限り「X以上Y以下」の意と共に、「好ましくはXより大きい」或いは「好ましくはYより小さい」の意も包含する。
また、「X以上」(Xは任意の数字)或いは「Y以下」(Yは任意の数字)と表現した場合、「Xより大きいことが好ましい」或いは「Y未満であることが好ましい」旨の意図も包含する。 <Explanation of words>
In the present specification, when expressed as “X to Y” (X and Y are arbitrary numbers), “X is preferably greater than X” or “preferably Y”, with the meaning of “X to Y” unless otherwise specified. It also includes the meaning of “smaller”.
In addition, when expressed as “X or more” (X is an arbitrary number) or “Y or less” (Y is an arbitrary number), it is “preferably greater than X” or “preferably less than Y”. Includes intentions.
最も外部環境に弱い1番茶の萌芽期に、温度の異なる霧状の水(加熱ミスト)を茶樹に対して散布し、熱傷害を生じない条件を検証した。 <Test 1>
During the germination period of No. 1 tea, which is the most vulnerable to the external environment, mist-like water (heated mist) with different temperatures was sprayed on the tea tree to verify the conditions that did not cause thermal injury.
また、茶葉の葉面温度は赤外線放射温度計(SK-8700II、佐藤計量器製作所製)を用い、葉層表面に位置している親葉の表面温度を測定した。
熱傷害の有無の判定は、葉が溶けるように落ちたり、又は葉が赤黒く変色し落ちたりするなど、葉の成長が進まずに落葉してしまった状態が観察された場合、熱傷害「有り」と判定し、一部のみにそのような状態が観察された場合、熱傷害「一部有り」と判定し、そのような状態がどこにも観察されなかった場合、熱傷害「無し」と判定した。 At this time, 40 to 65 ° C. water is mixed with water vapor generated using a commercially available boiler SB-110 (manufactured by Marubun Seisakusho) and air in a mixer, and the air-fuel mixture is discharged from the nozzle. Was measured, and the amount of air taken in by the mixer was adjusted based on the measured temperature to obtain mist-like water at the target temperature, that is, a heated mist.
The leaf surface temperature of the tea leaves was measured by using an infrared radiation thermometer (SK-8700II, manufactured by Sato Keiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) and the surface temperature of the parent leaf located on the leaf layer surface.
The determination of the presence or absence of thermal injury is based on thermal injury if there is a state in which the leaf has fallen without progressing, such as the leaf falling so that it melts or the leaf turns red and black. If such a state is observed only in a part, it is determined that there is a thermal injury “partial”, and if such a state is not observed anywhere, it is determined that there is no thermal injury. did.
加熱ミスト温度が40~50℃では、長時間(10秒)当てても熱傷害を発生しなかったのに対し、55℃では10秒で一部熱傷害が発生した。60℃を超えると、より短時間で熱傷害が発生した。
防除の処理時間は、作業効率の観点から6秒よりも短くしたいが、60℃の加熱ミストを3秒間接触させると熱傷害が発生するため、実質的には55℃で6秒が限度と考えられる。 <Result>
When the heating mist temperature was 40 to 50 ° C., no thermal injury occurred even when applied for a long time (10 seconds), whereas at 55 ° C., a partial thermal injury occurred in 10 seconds. When the temperature exceeded 60 ° C., thermal injury occurred in a shorter time.
The treatment time for control is desired to be shorter than 6 seconds from the viewpoint of work efficiency. However, if a heated mist at 60 ° C. is brought into contact for 3 seconds, a thermal injury occurs. It is done.
加熱された霧状の水(加熱ミスト)を茶葉と接触させる防除処理を実施する好適な時期について検証した。 <Test 2>
It verified about the suitable time which implements the prevention process which makes heated mist-like water (heating mist) contact with a tea leaf.
そして、二番茶の摘採日(6月26日)において、やぶきたでは二番茶に発生しやすい「炭そ病」、やぶきたに感受性が高い「輪斑病」及び「害虫」の発生の有無を観察し、それぞれ発生しなかった場合「〇」と判定し、発生が確認された場合「×」と判定した。 In a field in Shizuoka Prefecture, a 50 ° C. heated mist produced in the same manner as in Test 1 was sprayed on tea trees and tea leaves for 6 seconds for the tea variety “Yabukita” to a leaf surface temperature of 50. Within 24 hours (May 7) after the pruning for the purpose of leveling the plucked surface after the first tea plucking (April 23), the first leaf stage (May 21), Mitsuba Each period (June 13) was implemented.
In addition, on the date of picking the second tea (June 26), the presence or absence of the occurrence of “anchovy” that is likely to occur in second tea in Yabukita, “ring spot disease” and “pest” that are more susceptible to Yabukita Observed and judged as “◯” when no occurrence occurred, and judged as “x” when occurrence was confirmed.
試験区12~18は、慣行防除と同等の防除効果を得ることができ、どの時期に蒸気防除を行っても有効であることが確認できた。
これに対し、無処理区である試験区19は、二番茶となる1芯4~5葉はウンカの被害が顕著で9割が被害を受けた。そのため、直接的に炭そ病、輪斑病の発生を確認できなかったが、周囲の畑では慣行防除が不十分であった畝の端などで炭そ病、輪斑病の発生が見られた。炭そ病は雨滴による分生子の飛散、輪斑病は降雨による分生子の分散や摘採機への分生子の付着により拡がることを考えると、加熱ミストを茶葉に接触させる防除処理は有効であることが分かった。 <Result>
The test plots 12 to 18 were able to obtain a control effect equivalent to the conventional control, and it was confirmed that the control was effective regardless of the steam control timing.
On the other hand, in the test zone 19 which is an untreated zone, the damage of the leafhopper is remarkable in 1 core 4 to 5 leaves that are the second tea, and 90% was damaged. For this reason, the occurrence of anthracnose and ring spot disease could not be confirmed directly, but anthracnose and ring spot disease were observed at the edge of the fence, where conventional control was insufficient in the surrounding fields. It was. Considering that anthracnose is scattered by conidia due to raindrops, and ring spot disease is spread by conidia dispersed by rainfall and adhering to the plucking machine, it is effective to control heated mist in contact with tea leaves. I understood that.
炭そ病は、若い芽にある毛茸から感染する病害であり、毛茸への付着後14~20日(最短で8~15日)の潜伏期間後に発病する。
このような炭そ病の防除方法は、毛茸がある芽の開葉期(一番茶摘採又は整枝から二週間以内)に行うことが最も有効であることが分かった。
他方、輪斑病は、主に摘採時の付傷面から感染する病害である。分生子は付着後2~3時間で発芽し、5~10日の潜伏期間後発病する。従来の慣行防除では、摘採後1日以内に防除(薬剤散布)を行う必要があり、期間が開くほど効果が減ると言われてきた。
輪斑病の防除については、摘採又は整枝から1日以内に行うのが最も有効であると考えることができる。
ウンカは、若い芽のみ吸汁を行うため、芽の開葉期(一番茶摘採から二週間以内)に行うことが最も有効である。 Next, the flow until the onset of each disease and the time when steam control is most preferable are examined.
Anthracnose is a disease that infects hair follicles in young buds, and develops after an incubation period of 14 to 20 days (8 to 15 days at the shortest) after attachment to hair follicles.
It has been found that such an anthracnose control method is most effective when it is carried out at the leaf opening stage of the buds with hair folds (within 2 weeks from the most tea picking or branching).
On the other hand, ring spot disease is a disease mainly transmitted from the wound surface at the time of plucking. Conidia germinate 2 to 3 hours after attachment, and become ill after a incubation period of 5 to 10 days. In conventional practice control, it is necessary to control (spray medicine) within 1 day after plucking, and it has been said that the effect decreases as the period increases.
It can be considered that it is most effective to control ring rot disease within one day after plucking or pruning.
Since the planthopper sucks only young shoots, it is most effective to do it during the bud opening stage (within 2 weeks from the first tea harvest).
農薬は大きく分けると「予防剤」「治療剤」を散布することになる。上記の摘採から1日以内、一番茶から2週間以内などはいずれも「予防」を目指すものであり、発病を予防することが良い品質の茶葉を得ることに繋がるとの考え方による。しかし、防除を行っても発病することがあるため慣行防除では治療剤を使うが、農薬は使用時期が明確に決まっており、予防剤は一般的には二番茶摘採の30日前まで、治療剤は一般的には二番茶摘採の14日前までしか使えない。そのため、これまで摘採の一定期間前には農薬を散布できず病害が拡がってしまっていた。しかし、加熱ミストを茶葉乃至茶樹に接触させる防除処理によれば、農薬を用いないため、必要な時期に処理することができる。 The control treatment in which the heated mist is brought into contact with tea leaves or tea trees is effective even when performed outside the above-mentioned period (such as the test sections 13 and 14), and these can be considered as follows.
Pesticides can be broadly distributed with “preventive agents” and “therapeutic agents”. Within one day from the above plucking, within two weeks from the first tea, etc. are all aimed at “prevention”, and it is based on the idea that prevention of disease leads to obtaining good quality tea leaves. However, even if pest control can cause disease, therapeutic agents are used in conventional pest control, but pesticides are used for a specific period of time, and the preventive agent is generally a therapeutic agent up to 30 days before the second tea extraction. Can generally only be used up to 14 days prior to picking Nibancha. For this reason, until a certain period before plucking, pesticides could not be sprayed and the disease spread. However, according to the control treatment in which the heated mist is brought into contact with tea leaves or tea trees, since no pesticide is used, the treatment can be performed at a necessary time.
加熱された霧状の水(加熱ミスト)を茶葉と接触させた際の葉面温度と、防除効果との関係を検証した。 <Test 3>
The relationship between the leaf surface temperature when heated mist-like water (heated mist) was brought into contact with tea leaves and the control effect was verified.
そして、4番茶摘採日(10月2日)において、「炭そ病」、「輪斑病」及び「害虫」の発生の有無を観察し、それぞれ発生しなかった場合「〇」と判定し、発生が確認された場合「×」と判定した。 In the field in Shizuoka Prefecture, the heat mist with the temperature shown in Table 3 prepared for the tea variety “Yabukita” in the same manner as in Test 1 and the treatment time shown in Table 3 for the tea tree and tea leaves as in Test 1 The pest control treatment was carried out within 24 hours (August 1) after the third tea was picked.
Then, on the day of picking the 4th tea (October 2nd), the presence or absence of occurrence of “anchovy”, “ringhole disease” and “pest” was observed. When the occurrence was confirmed, it was determined as “×”.
上記実施例及びこれまで本発明が行ってきた試験結果から、茶葉の表面温度が45℃以上になるように、加熱ミストを茶樹及び茶葉に接触させると、茶の病害虫を防除することができることが分かった。
また、試験区32では熱傷害が発生したため、蒸気温度が50~55℃のとき、{加熱ミストの温度A(℃)-30℃}^2×{茶葉に加熱ミストを接触させる時間h(秒)}÷100が50以下であれば、より短時間の処理時間で防除効果を得ることができ、しかも、熱傷害を発生しないことも分かった。 <Result>
From the above examples and the results of tests conducted so far by the present invention, tea pests can be controlled when heated mist is brought into contact with tea trees and tea leaves so that the surface temperature of the tea leaves is 45 ° C. or higher. I understood.
In addition, because heat injury occurred in the test section 32, when the steam temperature is 50 to 55 ° C., {the temperature of the heating mist A (° C.) − 30 ° C.} ^ 2 × {the time h (seconds) for which the heating mist is brought into contact with the tea leaves It was also found that when ÷} ÷ 100 is 50 or less, the control effect can be obtained in a shorter processing time, and no thermal injury occurs.
加熱された霧状の水(加熱ミスト)を茶葉と接触させた際の葉面温度及び処理頻度と、害虫防除効果との関係を検証した。 <Test 4>
The relationship between the leaf surface temperature and treatment frequency when heated mist-like water (heated mist) was brought into contact with tea leaves, and the pest control effect was verified.
処理期間中の8月22日に、各試験区に害虫トラップ(Bug-Scan、Biobest社製、10cm×13cm)を3箇所ずつ設置し、10月13日に回収した。その後トラップに付着した害虫の数をカウントし、茶樹乃至茶葉への害虫防除効果を検証した結果を表4に示す。
なお、害虫については、茶葉乃至茶樹において代表的な害虫であるチャノミドリヒメヨコバイを選択し、各試験区に設置した3箇所の害虫トラップに付着したチャノミドリヒメヨコバイの平均個体数から害虫防除効果の有無を判断した。 In the field in Shizuoka Prefecture, the heat mist produced in the same manner as in Test 1 for tea variety “Yabukita” and the treatment time shown in Table 4 for tea trees and tea leaves as in Test 1 A total of 11 treatments were carried out every 10 days after the second tea was picked (June 13 to October 13) after spraying only to obtain the leaf surface temperature as shown in Table 4.
Three insect pest traps (Bug-Scan, manufactured by Biobest, 10 cm × 13 cm) were placed in each test section on August 22 during the treatment period, and collected on October 13. Table 4 shows the results of counting the number of pests adhering to the trap and verifying the effect of controlling pests on tea plants or tea leaves.
As for the pests, a pesticide that is a representative pest in tea leaves or tea trees is selected, and the pest control effect is determined from the average number of the pesticides that are attached to the three pest traps installed in each test area. The presence or absence of was judged.
加熱ミストを茶樹及び茶葉に接触させた試験区33~36すべての試験区で慣行防除を行った試験区よりもチャノミドリヒメヨコバイの平均個体数が減少していることから、加熱ミストを茶樹及び茶葉に接触させることで防虫効果が得られることが確認された。 <Result>
Since the average population of Chanomidori Himebakiba decreased compared to the test plots where customary control was conducted in all test plots 33-36 where the heated mist was in contact with tea trees and tea leaves, It was confirmed that the insect repellent effect can be obtained by contacting with tea leaves.
Claims (8)
- 茶葉の表面温度が45℃~55℃になるように、加熱された霧状の水を茶葉乃至茶樹に接触させる処理を行うことを特徴とする茶の病害虫防除方法。 A method for controlling pests of tea, characterized by performing a treatment in which heated mist water is brought into contact with tea leaves or tea trees so that the surface temperature of the tea leaves is 45 ° C to 55 ° C.
- 45℃~55℃に調整した霧状の水を茶葉に接触させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の茶の病害虫防除方法。 2. The method for controlling pests of tea according to claim 1, wherein mist water adjusted to 45 to 55 ° C. is brought into contact with tea leaves.
- {茶葉に接触させる霧状の水の温度(℃)-30℃}^2×{茶葉に接触させる霧状の水の接触時間(秒)}÷100が50以下となるように、茶葉に接触させる霧状の水の温度(℃)及び茶葉に接触させる霧状の水の接触時間(秒)を調整することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の茶の病害虫防除方法。 {Tempered water temperature in contact with tea leaves (℃) -30 ℃} ^ 2 × {Contact time of mist water in contact with tea leaves (seconds)} ÷ Contact tea leaves so that 100 is 50 or less The method for controlling pests of tea according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature (° C) of the mist water to be adjusted and the contact time (seconds) of the mist water to be brought into contact with the tea leaves are adjusted.
- 茶葉の摘採若しくは整枝を行った時から2週間以内に、加熱された霧状の水を茶葉に接触させる上記処理を行うことを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れかに記載の茶の病害虫防除方法。 The pest of tea according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the treatment for bringing heated mist-like water into contact with tea leaves is performed within 2 weeks from the time of plucking or branching tea leaves. Control method.
- 茶葉の摘採若しくは整枝を行った時から24時間以内に、加熱された霧状の水を茶葉に接触させる上記処理を行うことを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れかに記載の茶の病害虫防除方法。 The tea pest according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the treatment for bringing heated mist water into contact with tea leaves is carried out within 24 hours from the time of plucking or branching tea leaves. Control method.
- 上記茶葉の摘採とは、一番茶又は二番茶を収穫するための摘採であることを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載の茶の病害虫防除方法。 6. The method for controlling pests of tea according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the plucking of the tea leaves is plucking for harvesting the first or second tea.
- 上記整枝とは、一番茶摘採後の整枝又は二番茶摘採後の整枝であることを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載の茶の病害虫防除方法。 6. The method for controlling pests of tea according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the branching is the branching after the first tea harvesting or the branching after the second tea harvesting.
- 請求項1~7の何れかに記載の茶の病害虫防除方法を利用した茶の生産方法。
A tea production method using the tea pest control method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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JPWO2019146561A1 (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2020-08-20 | 株式会社 伊藤園 | Tea growth promotion method |
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JP7127846B2 (en) | 2019-04-22 | 2022-08-30 | 政幸 赤堀 | Cultivation method of tea plant |
Also Published As
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AU2017388833A1 (en) | 2019-05-30 |
JPWO2018124175A1 (en) | 2019-07-25 |
CN109952022B (en) | 2022-03-29 |
AU2017388833B2 (en) | 2023-01-05 |
JP6543006B2 (en) | 2019-07-10 |
CN109952022A (en) | 2019-06-28 |
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