WO2018124175A1

WO2018124175A1 - Method for controlling pests of tea

Info

Publication number: WO2018124175A1
Application number: PCT/JP2017/046886
Authority: WO
Inventors: 耕司石上; 光吉田; 杰奇付
Original assignee: 株式会社伊藤園
Priority date: 2016-12-28
Filing date: 2017-12-27
Publication date: 2018-07-05
Also published as: AU2017388833B2; JP6543006B2; CN109952022A; AU2017388833A1; CN109952022B; JPWO2018124175A1

Abstract

The present invention proposes a novel method which is for controlling pests of tea, which uses heated water, without using any pesticides, and with which it is possible to more effectively control pests of tea. The proposed method for controlling pests is characterized by applying a treatment in which a mist of heated water is brought into contact with tea leaves such that the surface temperature thereof becomes 45-55°C.

Description

Tea pest control method

The present invention relates to a method for controlling pests of tea for controlling or controlling pests in tea plants.

Since various pests occur in fields such as tea gardens, pest control is indispensable for healthy cultivation of tea trees. Traditionally, tea producers have appropriate types and amounts of drugs at appropriate times. It has been dealt with by spraying.

With regard to a method for controlling tea by spraying such a chemical, for example, in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-31350), in the control or control work of shellworms attached to branches or the like in a tea tree, the drug is introduced into the tea tree. As a device for spraying evenly and efficiently in a short time, a large number of nozzles project from the lower surface of a substantially arc-shaped substrate with a handle, and the drug is supplied to each nozzle. A spraying device is disclosed.

Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-289057) discloses that a plucking mechanism that moves along a teacup and picks tea leaves and a medicine adhering means that attaches the medicine to the tea tree are configured integrally. Discloses a method for controlling pests of tea trees by means of a tea leaf plucking device in which a drug attaching means attaches a drug to a plucking cut of tea trees immediately after plucking the tea leaves.

By the way, control methods using chemicals such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides are concerned with adverse effects on human health and environmental pollution, so in recent years, pests have been controlled with little or no use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. A method has been proposed. Especially for tea, in Japan, about 100 kinds of pesticide ingredients are currently set for tea, but in other countries, pesticide ingredients are not approved, and residual pesticide standards are set to be extremely low. In many cases, considering the export of tea, there was an urgent need to consider a pesticide-free control method.

Therefore, for example, Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2016-152794) describes a case where sprinkled eggs, larvae, and adult worms are attached to the leaves of crops while spraying warm water on specially prepared fields. A hot water control method for controlling pests by spraying an organic farming solution on the leaf surface is disclosed.

Patent Document 4 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-158522) provides a wetness degree sensor at a position close to the parasitic environment of an anaerobic pest in the field, and waters the field according to the detection value of the wetness degree sensor. There is disclosed a method for controlling an anaerobic pest characterized by revealing a repellent situation of an anaerobic pest and / or a situation where it is difficult to survive.

Further, as a control method that does not use an agrochemical, for example, Patent Document 5 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-212012) discloses that a saturated water vapor flow adjusted to a required temperature is provided in a processing space surrounding a plant seedling, above the plant seedling. A method for controlling pests of plant seedlings is disclosed, wherein the plant seedlings are exposed to the saturated steam flow for a time within a range not subject to thermal injury. Yes.

In Non-Patent Document 1, when plants such as strawberries are heated to a high temperature of 40 to 50 ° C. for several tens of seconds to several minutes, the plants undergo various reactions and induce resistance to diseases such as powdery mildew. It is disclosed that there is a phenomenon that makes it difficult to get sick.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-31350 JP-A-7-289057 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-152794 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-158522 JP 2011-212012 A1

Among the perennial crops, tea is a special crop and has the characteristic of harvesting tea leaves multiple times a year. The picking time varies depending on the region. For example, in Shizuoka Prefecture, after the first tea was picked between mid-April and mid-May, 45-50 days after the first tea picking, the next buds It is normal to wait for the tea to grow and then pluck the second tea, and then wait about three months until autumn before plucking the autumn / winter bancha.
In this way, for tea trees that are harvested multiple times during the year, it is necessary to carry out control several times for each harvesting period. In some cases, the pesticides sprayed on the tea leaves remained and the type and concentration of the pesticides contained in the tea leaves increased. Moreover, since the frequency | count of the use of an agrochemical increases, there existed a case where expense compared with the general crop. Therefore, an effective new method for controlling pests without using pesticides has been demanded.

Therefore, the present invention is to provide a new tea pest control method that can more effectively control tea pests by using heated water without using pesticides. It is.

The present invention proposes a method for controlling pests of tea, characterized by performing a treatment in which heated mist-like water is brought into contact with tea leaves so that the surface temperature of the tea leaves becomes 45 ° C. to 55 ° C.

According to the tea pest control method proposed by the present invention, it is possible to effectively control tea pests using heated water without using pesticides.

Next, the present invention will be described based on an embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described below.

<This control method>
A method for controlling pests of tea according to an example of an embodiment of the present invention (referred to as “the present control method”) is a mist-like water heated to a surface temperature of tea leaves of 45 ° C. to 55 ° C. A method for controlling tea, characterized in that a process of bringing a mist into contact with tea leaves is performed.

(Target tea)
The tea targeted by this control method may be any tea that is cultivated for the purpose of extracting the picked tea leaves or processed tea leaves into a liquid and drinking the liquid. Tea cultivated for the purpose of eating edible tea leaves may also be used.
Specifically, for example, tea cultivating sencha, strawberry tea, gyokuro, oolong tea, black tea, and other tea for beverages can be mentioned.

(Target disease and insect damage)
Examples of diseases that can be targeted by the present control method include anthracnose, ring spot disease, leaf blight, net blast, and leprosy. Examples of insect damage insect species include Chanomidori Himekobai (hereinafter referred to as "Unka"), Kanzawa spider mite, stag beetle, chano thrips, chanococcus anemone, chanohosoga and the like. However, it is not limited to these.

(Heating mist)
The water of heating mist should just be water, such as a tap water and a well water.
If necessary, a drug can be added.

The temperature of the heating mist is preferably adjusted to 45 ° C to 55 ° C. If it is 45 ° C. or higher, it is effective for controlling diseases and pests, while if it is 55 ° C. or lower, the occurrence of thermal injury can be prevented.
From this point of view, it is preferable to adjust the temperature of the mist water to be brought into contact with the tea leaves to 45 ° C. to 55 ° C., particularly 47 ° C. or more and 54 ° C. or less, especially 50 ° C. or more and 53 ° C. or less. preferable.

As a method of making the water mist, that is, mist, the heated water may be mist, or the mist water may be heated. Specifically, for example, a method of cooling water vapor obtained with a boiler, a method of spraying fine water droplets in hot air, and the like can be mentioned. However, it is not limited to these methods.

(Method of bringing heated mist into contact with tea leaves or tea tree)
The heated mist is preferably brought into contact with the tea leaves on the surface of the leaf layer of at least the tea tree and the tea leaves, and more preferably brought into contact with the tea leaves of the bud portion to be plucked.
By making contact with the tea leaves on the surface of the leaf layer, it is possible to control conidia and pests that are present around the bud and affect the growth and quality of the bud. Moreover, the bud can be directly controlled by bringing it into contact with the tea leaf of the bud portion to be picked.
Especially, it is preferable to contact also the cut surface of a stem, and it is preferable to also contact the young leaf in which a hair fist exists. In addition, it is preferable to contact a hardened leaf below the plucked surface generally called “parent leaf”, more preferably to a branch, and further to a trunk. preferable.
It is possible to effectively control ring rot by bringing heated mist into contact with the cut surface of the stalk, and effectively controlling anthracnose by bringing it into contact with young leaves with furrows. Can do. In addition, by bringing the heated mist into contact with the parent leaves, branches, and trunk, conidia and pests attached to them can be controlled.

It is preferable that the heated mist is brought into contact with tea leaves or tea trees so that the surface temperature of the tea leaves is 45 ° C. to 55 ° C.
If the surface temperature of the tea leaves is 45 ° C. or higher, it is effective for controlling diseases and pests, while if it is 55 ° C. or lower, the occurrence of thermal injury can be prevented.
From this point of view, it is preferable that the surface temperature of the tea leaf when the heated mist is brought into contact with the tea leaf or tea tree is 45 ° C. to 55 ° C., particularly 46 ° C. or more or 53 ° C. or less, of which 50 ° C. or more. It is particularly preferable that the temperature be 52 ° C. or lower.
At this time, the surface temperature of the tea leaves can be adjusted by the temperature of the heating mist and the contact time.

It is preferable to adjust the contact time (simply referred to as “contact time”) of the heated mist to be brought into contact with the tea leaves in relation to the temperature of the water.
As a guide, the temperature of the water to be brought into contact with the tea leaves and the tea leaves so that the product (A × h) of the temperature (A) of the heating mist and the contact time (h) is 45 ° C. × 6 S to 55 ° C. × 15 S It is preferable to adjust the contact time of water to be contacted.
For example, by treating the heated mist at 45 ° C. so as to contact the tea leaves within a contact time of 6 seconds or less, it is possible to prevent thermal injury while obtaining an excellent control effect. On the other hand, if it is within 15 seconds of contact, it can be set as the processing time equivalent to the conventional control method.
From this point of view, the product (A × h) of the temperature (A) of the heating mist and the contact time (h) is preferably 45 ° C. × 6 S to 55 ° C. × 15 S, and among them, 46 ° C. × 6 S or more or 53 ° C. It is particularly preferable to adjust so as to be not more than x12S, and in particular, not less than 50 ° Cx3S or 52 ° Cx10S.

Furthermore, {Temperature A (° C.)-30 ° C.} 2 × {Time h (seconds) for contacting heated mist with tea leaves} ÷ 100 is 50 or less, especially 10 or more, 40 or less, 12 or more By adjusting the temperature A (° C.) of the water to be brought into contact with the tea leaf and the time h (second) in which the heated mist is brought into contact with the tea leaf so as to be 30 or less, the control effect can be obtained in a shorter time.

(Control time)
From the viewpoint of effectively controlling anthracnose or ring spot disease, the above treatment, that is, the treatment of bringing heated mist-like water into contact with tea leaves, is within 2 weeks from the time of plucking or branching tea leaves, It is preferable to carry out within one week, particularly within one day.

The tea leaf plucking is not particularly limited as long as it is plucking for harvesting tea leaves. Especially, it is preferable that it is plucking for harvesting the first tea or the second tea.
In addition, the branching of the tea leaves means a pruning operation of the plucked surface performed after plucking the tea leaves. Among them, the branching after the first tea picking or the branching after the second tea picking is preferable.

Among these, it is preferable to apply after picking the first tea and before picking the second tea. However, it may be performed before plucking the first tea or after plucking the second tea.
Among them, it is preferable to carry out between 1st to 14th day of picking of No. 1 tea, and more preferred to be between 1st to 7th day of picking, and more preferably 3rd day or less.
Since the tea tree is damaged by plucking, conidia of ring spot disease may enter through the wound. Therefore, it is preferable to control immediately after the tea is picked, and it is possible to reduce the conidia of the anthracnose before germination and the reduction of the planthopper.

Furthermore, from the viewpoint of preventing the occurrence of anthracnose and planthoppers, the most effective second tea buds are sprouting for 10 to 25 days from the first tea picking day, especially 15 to 20 days from the picking date. It is particularly preferred to carry out during

On the other hand, from the viewpoint of preventing ring spot disease etc., the wounded part of the plucking machine blade, which is likely to be an infection source of ring spot disease, becomes the infected part, so the above treatment, that is, heated mist water is brought into contact with the tea leaves The treatment to be carried out is preferably carried out within 24 hours, particularly within 18 hours, especially within 12 hours from the time of plucking or branching tea leaves.

<Tea production method>
Tea plants are grown while applying this control method, and 2-4 of the first tea (March to May), Nibancha (June to July), Sanbancha (July to August), and fall / winter bancha (autumn) Plucking may be performed at intervals and intervals.
For example, in Kagoshima Prefecture, the first tea is picked from mid-April to late May. Wait 45-50 days after picking the first tea and wait for the next bud to grow before serving the second tea. In general, the third tea is picked 40 to 45 days after the second tea is picked, and the fourth tea is picked 50 to 60 days after the third tea is picked.

A series of picked tea leaves are steamed with steam to inactivate (kill blue) the oxidase contained in fresh tea leaves, and then infused and dried with coarse koji, bonito, medium-plumbing, and spirits. After being processed into crude tea through the above process, it may be further processed according to the application.

<Explanation of words>
In the present specification, when expressed as “X to Y” (X and Y are arbitrary numbers), “X is preferably greater than X” or “preferably Y”, with the meaning of “X to Y” unless otherwise specified. It also includes the meaning of “smaller”.
In addition, when expressed as “X or more” (X is an arbitrary number) or “Y or less” (Y is an arbitrary number), it is “preferably greater than X” or “preferably less than Y”. Includes intentions.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in further detail based on the following examples and comparative examples.

<Test 1>
During the germination period of No. 1 tea, which is the most vulnerable to the external environment, mist-like water (heated mist) with different temperatures was sprayed on the tea tree to verify the conditions that did not cause thermal injury.

In a field in Shizuoka Prefecture, a 40-65 ° C heated mist is made for tea variety "Yabukita" and this is used for 3 seconds-using a commercially available nozzle (20 heads) used for tea control. The spray was applied to tea plants and tea leaves for 10 seconds, and the surface temperature (leaf surface temperature) of the tea leaves was measured and the presence or absence of thermal injury was observed.

At this time, 40 to 65 ° C. water is mixed with water vapor generated using a commercially available boiler SB-110 (manufactured by Marubun Seisakusho) and air in a mixer, and the air-fuel mixture is discharged from the nozzle. Was measured, and the amount of air taken in by the mixer was adjusted based on the measured temperature to obtain mist-like water at the target temperature, that is, a heated mist.
The leaf surface temperature of the tea leaves was measured by using an infrared radiation thermometer (SK-8700II, manufactured by Sato Keiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) and the surface temperature of the parent leaf located on the leaf layer surface.
The determination of the presence or absence of thermal injury is based on thermal injury if there is a state in which the leaf has fallen without progressing, such as the leaf falling so that it melts or the leaf turns red and black. If such a state is observed only in a part, it is determined that there is a thermal injury “partial”, and if such a state is not observed anywhere, it is determined that there is no thermal injury. did.

<Result>
When the heating mist temperature was 40 to 50 ° C., no thermal injury occurred even when applied for a long time (10 seconds), whereas at 55 ° C., a partial thermal injury occurred in 10 seconds. When the temperature exceeded 60 ° C., thermal injury occurred in a shorter time.
The treatment time for control is desired to be shorter than 6 seconds from the viewpoint of work efficiency. However, if a heated mist at 60 ° C. is brought into contact for 3 seconds, a thermal injury occurs. It is done.

<Test 2>
It verified about the suitable time which implements the prevention process which makes heated mist-like water (heating mist) contact with a tea leaf.

In a field in Shizuoka Prefecture, a 50 ° C. heated mist produced in the same manner as in Test 1 was sprayed on tea trees and tea leaves for 6 seconds for the tea variety “Yabukita” to a leaf surface temperature of 50. Within 24 hours (May 7) after the pruning for the purpose of leveling the plucked surface after the first tea plucking (April 23), the first leaf stage (May 21), Mitsuba Each period (June 13) was implemented.
In addition, on the date of picking the second tea (June 26), the presence or absence of the occurrence of “anchovy” that is likely to occur in second tea in Yabukita, “ring spot disease” and “pest” that are more susceptible to Yabukita Observed and judged as “◯” when no occurrence occurred, and judged as “x” when occurrence was confirmed.

<Result>
The test plots 12 to 18 were able to obtain a control effect equivalent to the conventional control, and it was confirmed that the control was effective regardless of the steam control timing.
On the other hand, in the test zone 19 which is an untreated zone, the damage of the leafhopper is remarkable in 1 core 4 to 5 leaves that are the second tea, and 90% was damaged. For this reason, the occurrence of anthracnose and ring spot disease could not be confirmed directly, but anthracnose and ring spot disease were observed at the edge of the fence, where conventional control was insufficient in the surrounding fields. It was. Considering that anthracnose is scattered by conidia due to raindrops, and ring spot disease is spread by conidia dispersed by rainfall and adhering to the plucking machine, it is effective to control heated mist in contact with tea leaves. I understood that.

Next, the flow until the onset of each disease and the time when steam control is most preferable are examined.
Anthracnose is a disease that infects hair follicles in young buds, and develops after an incubation period of 14 to 20 days (8 to 15 days at the shortest) after attachment to hair follicles.
It has been found that such an anthracnose control method is most effective when it is carried out at the leaf opening stage of the buds with hair folds (within 2 weeks from the most tea picking or branching).
On the other hand, ring spot disease is a disease mainly transmitted from the wound surface at the time of plucking. Conidia germinate 2 to 3 hours after attachment, and become ill after a incubation period of 5 to 10 days. In conventional practice control, it is necessary to control (spray medicine) within 1 day after plucking, and it has been said that the effect decreases as the period increases.
It can be considered that it is most effective to control ring rot disease within one day after plucking or pruning.
Since the planthopper sucks only young shoots, it is most effective to do it during the bud opening stage (within 2 weeks from the first tea harvest).

The control treatment in which the heated mist is brought into contact with tea leaves or tea trees is effective even when performed outside the above-mentioned period (such as the test sections 13 and 14), and these can be considered as follows.
Pesticides can be broadly distributed with “preventive agents” and “therapeutic agents”. Within one day from the above plucking, within two weeks from the first tea, etc. are all aimed at “prevention”, and it is based on the idea that prevention of disease leads to obtaining good quality tea leaves. However, even if pest control can cause disease, therapeutic agents are used in conventional pest control, but pesticides are used for a specific period of time, and the preventive agent is generally a therapeutic agent up to 30 days before the second tea extraction. Can generally only be used up to 14 days prior to picking Nibancha. For this reason, until a certain period before plucking, pesticides could not be sprayed and the disease spread. However, according to the control treatment in which the heated mist is brought into contact with tea leaves or tea trees, since no pesticide is used, the treatment can be performed at a necessary time.

<Test 3>
The relationship between the leaf surface temperature when heated mist-like water (heated mist) was brought into contact with tea leaves and the control effect was verified.

In the field in Shizuoka Prefecture, the heat mist with the temperature shown in Table 3 prepared for the tea variety “Yabukita” in the same manner as in Test 1 and the treatment time shown in Table 3 for the tea tree and tea leaves as in Test 1 The pest control treatment was carried out within 24 hours (August 1) after the third tea was picked.
Then, on the day of picking the 4th tea (October 2nd), the presence or absence of occurrence of “anchovy”, “ringhole disease” and “pest” was observed. When the occurrence was confirmed, it was determined as “×”.

<Result>
From the above examples and the results of tests conducted so far by the present invention, tea pests can be controlled when heated mist is brought into contact with tea trees and tea leaves so that the surface temperature of the tea leaves is 45 ° C. or higher. I understood.
In addition, because heat injury occurred in the test section 32, when the steam temperature is 50 to 55 ° C., {the temperature of the heating mist A (° C.) − 30 ° C.} ^ 2 × {the time h (seconds) for which the heating mist is brought into contact with the tea leaves It was also found that when ÷} ÷ 100 is 50 or less, the control effect can be obtained in a shorter processing time, and no thermal injury occurs.

<Test 4>
The relationship between the leaf surface temperature and treatment frequency when heated mist-like water (heated mist) was brought into contact with tea leaves, and the pest control effect was verified.

In the field in Shizuoka Prefecture, the heat mist produced in the same manner as in Test 1 for tea variety “Yabukita” and the treatment time shown in Table 4 for tea trees and tea leaves as in Test 1 A total of 11 treatments were carried out every 10 days after the second tea was picked (June 13 to October 13) after spraying only to obtain the leaf surface temperature as shown in Table 4.
Three insect pest traps (Bug-Scan, manufactured by Biobest, 10 cm × 13 cm) were placed in each test section on August 22 during the treatment period, and collected on October 13. Table 4 shows the results of counting the number of pests adhering to the trap and verifying the effect of controlling pests on tea plants or tea leaves.
As for the pests, a pesticide that is a representative pest in tea leaves or tea trees is selected, and the pest control effect is determined from the average number of the pesticides that are attached to the three pest traps installed in each test area. The presence or absence of was judged.

<Result>
Since the average population of Chanomidori Himebakiba decreased compared to the test plots where customary control was conducted in all test plots 33-36 where the heated mist was in contact with tea trees and tea leaves, It was confirmed that the insect repellent effect can be obtained by contacting with tea leaves.

Claims

A method for controlling pests of tea, characterized by performing a treatment in which heated mist water is brought into contact with tea leaves or tea trees so that the surface temperature of the tea leaves is 45 ° C to 55 ° C.
2. The method for controlling pests of tea according to claim 1, wherein mist water adjusted to 45 to 55 ° C. is brought into contact with tea leaves.
{Tempered water temperature in contact with tea leaves (℃) -30 ℃} ^ 2 × {Contact time of mist water in contact with tea leaves (seconds)} ÷ Contact tea leaves so that 100 is 50 or less The method for controlling pests of tea according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature (° C) of the mist water to be adjusted and the contact time (seconds) of the mist water to be brought into contact with the tea leaves are adjusted.
The pest of tea according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the treatment for bringing heated mist-like water into contact with tea leaves is performed within 2 weeks from the time of plucking or branching tea leaves. Control method.
The tea pest according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the treatment for bringing heated mist water into contact with tea leaves is carried out within 24 hours from the time of plucking or branching tea leaves. Control method.
6. The method for controlling pests of tea according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the plucking of the tea leaves is plucking for harvesting the first or second tea.
6. The method for controlling pests of tea according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the branching is the branching after the first tea harvesting or the branching after the second tea harvesting.
A tea production method using the tea pest control method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.