WO2018121278A1 - 浪涌保护电路以及使用该电路的电子装置 - Google Patents

浪涌保护电路以及使用该电路的电子装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018121278A1
WO2018121278A1 PCT/CN2017/116175 CN2017116175W WO2018121278A1 WO 2018121278 A1 WO2018121278 A1 WO 2018121278A1 CN 2017116175 W CN2017116175 W CN 2017116175W WO 2018121278 A1 WO2018121278 A1 WO 2018121278A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bidirectional
suppressor
suppression unit
voltage
surge
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PCT/CN2017/116175
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蔡锦波
陈国源
骆生辉
李明
Original Assignee
东莞市阿甘半导体有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 东莞市阿甘半导体有限公司 filed Critical 东莞市阿甘半导体有限公司
Priority to KR1020197022177A priority Critical patent/KR20200125415A/ko
Priority to EP17887035.8A priority patent/EP3565075A4/en
Priority to US16/474,280 priority patent/US11296497B2/en
Priority to JP2019536133A priority patent/JP6745412B2/ja
Publication of WO2018121278A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018121278A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/041—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using a short-circuiting device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of circuit protection, for example, to a surge protection circuit and an electronic device using the surge protection circuit.
  • the overvoltage includes an overvoltage generated by a lightning strike and an overvoltage of the power supply system. Overvoltage can damage the equipment and protective measures must be taken to reduce the overvoltage to an acceptable level.
  • FIG. 1 shows a related art surge protection circuit in which a two-way TSS 102 (Thyristor Surge Suppressor) and a single Connected to the TVS 104 (Transient Voltage Suppressor) in series, wherein the first end of the bidirectional TSS is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and the negative pole of the unidirectional TVS is connected to the second end of the bidirectional TSS, the unidirectional TVS The positive pole is connected to the negative pole of the power supply.
  • TSS 102 Thyristor Surge Suppressor
  • TVS 104 Transient Voltage Suppressor
  • the bidirectional TSS and the unidirectional TVS are turned on when the port of the power source is subjected to a surge from the positive pole to the negative pole to shunt the surge current, and the unidirectional TVS clamps the surge voltage across the unidirectional TVS Positioned to the clamp voltage, the bidirectional TSS and the unidirectional TVS conduct when the port of the power supply is subjected to a surge from the negative pole to the positive pole to shunt the surge current.
  • the above surge protection circuit has the following disadvantages: when the DC power supply port is subjected to lightning strikes of different polarities (positive or negative), the lightning protection performance of the circuit is largely different. When subjected to lightning strike from the negative pole of the power supply to the positive pole of the power supply, the residual voltage across the surge protection circuit is high. When connected to the protected circuit, the current entering the protected circuit is large, and the protected circuit is easily damaged.
  • the present disclosure provides a surge protection circuit, which solves the problem that the protection module in the related art suffers from a lightning strike from the negative pole of the power supply to the positive pole of the power supply, and the residual voltage at both ends of the module is relatively high, and the current entering the protected circuit is large, which is easily damaged.
  • the problem of protecting the circuit is not limited.
  • a surge protection circuit comprising:
  • a thyristor type surge suppression unit in parallel with the bidirectional voltage suppressor, the bidirectional voltage suppressor The first end is connected to the first end of the thyristor type surge suppression unit, and the second end of the bidirectional voltage suppressor is connected to the second end of the thyristor type surge suppression unit, wherein:
  • a break voltage or a breakdown voltage in a direction from the first end to the second end of the thyristor type surge suppression unit is greater than a clamp voltage in a direction from the first end to the second end of the bidirectional voltage suppressor;
  • the break voltage in the direction from the second end to the first end of the thyristor type surge suppression unit is smaller than the clamp voltage in the direction from the second end of the bidirectional voltage suppressor to the first end.
  • the thyristor type surge suppression unit is an asymmetric thyristor type surge suppression unit.
  • the asymmetric thyristor type surge suppression unit is a one-way reverse-cut thyristor type surge suppression unit.
  • the asymmetric thyristor type surge suppression unit is a bidirectional asymmetric thyristor surge suppressor, and the transition voltage in the direction from the first end to the second end of the bidirectional asymmetric thyristor surge suppressor is greater than the bidirectional asymmetry A corner voltage in the direction from the second end of the thyristor surge suppressor to the first end.
  • the asymmetric thyristor type surge suppression unit comprises a unidirectional diode and a thyristor surge suppressor, and the unidirectional diode is connected in series with the thyristor surge suppressor in parallel with the bidirectional voltage suppressor, wherein the unidirectional diode A cathode is coupled to the first end of the bidirectional voltage suppressor, or an anode of the unidirectional diode is coupled to the second end of the bidirectional voltage suppressor.
  • the bidirectional voltage suppressor is a bidirectional TVS, a bidirectional asymmetric TVS, a varistor or a bidirectional voltage regulator.
  • the clamping voltage in the first end to the second end direction of the bidirectional asymmetric TVS is less than the clamping voltage in the second end to the first end direction of the bidirectional asymmetric TVS.
  • the surge protection circuit further includes a trip device, the trip device is connected in series with the bidirectional voltage suppressor, and the trip device is connected to the thyristor type surge suppression unit, or the trip device and the thyristor type surge
  • the suppression unit is connected in series with the bidirectional voltage suppressor in parallel.
  • the surge protection circuit further includes two trip devices, the first trip device and the bidirectional voltage suppressor are connected in series to form a first branch, and the second trip device is connected in series with the thyristor surge suppression unit A second branch is formed, the first branch being in parallel with the second branch.
  • the method further includes a unidirectional diode connected in series with the bidirectional voltage suppressor and the thyristor type surge suppression unit, wherein the anode of the unidirectional diode and the first of the thyristor type surge suppression unit The terminal is connected, or the cathode of the unidirectional diode is connected to the second end of the thyristor type surge suppression unit.
  • the present disclosure also provides an electronic device comprising: a main body circuit having an input end; and the above A surge protection circuit is coupled in parallel with the body circuit and coupled to an input of the body circuit.
  • the surge protection circuit of the present disclosure can reduce the residual voltage at both ends thereof, thereby significantly reducing the shunting of the rear stage circuit and improving the surge protection capability. Therefore, the electronic device can be effectively protected from the inrush current.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a surge protection circuit in the related art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a surge protection circuit according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of a surge protection circuit of an asymmetric thyristor type surge suppression unit provided as a one-way reverse cut-off TSS according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 3B is a V-I curve of the one-way reverse cut-off TSS provided by an embodiment
  • FIG. 3C is a schematic diagram of a surge protection circuit of an asymmetric thyristor type surge suppression unit provided as a bidirectional asymmetric TSS according to an embodiment
  • 3D is a V-I curve of a bidirectional asymmetric TSS provided by an embodiment
  • 3E is a schematic diagram of an asymmetric thyristor type surge suppression unit according to another embodiment
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of a surge protection circuit when a bidirectional voltage suppressor is a bidirectional TVS according to an embodiment
  • 4B is a schematic diagram of different embodiments of a surge protection circuit when the bidirectional voltage suppressor is a bidirectional asymmetric TVS according to an embodiment
  • 4C is a schematic diagram of different embodiments of a surge protection circuit when the bidirectional voltage suppressor is a varistor according to an embodiment
  • 4D is a schematic diagram of different embodiments of a surge protection circuit when the bidirectional voltage suppressor is a bidirectional voltage regulator according to an embodiment
  • 4E is a V-I curve of a bidirectional asymmetric TVS according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram of a surge protection circuit including a trip device according to an embodiment
  • 5B is a schematic diagram of a surge protection circuit including a trip device according to another embodiment
  • FIG. 5C is a schematic diagram of a surge protection circuit including two trip devices according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a surge protection circuit according to another embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment.
  • the surge protection circuit of the present embodiment includes a bidirectional voltage suppressor 202 and a thyristor type surge suppression unit 208.
  • the bidirectional voltage suppressor 202 is connected in parallel with the thyristor type surge suppression unit 208.
  • the first end 204 of the bidirectional voltage suppressor 202 is connected to the first end 210 of the thyristor type surge suppression unit 208, and the second end 206 of the bidirectional voltage suppressor 202 and the second end of the thyristor type surge suppression unit 208 End 212 is connected.
  • the folding voltage or breakdown voltage in the direction from the first end 210 to the second end 212 of the thyristor type surge suppression unit 208 is greater than the clamping position in the direction from the first end 204 to the second end 206 of the bidirectional voltage suppressor a voltage; and a break voltage in a direction from the second end 212 of the thyristor type surge suppression unit 208 to the first end 210 is less than a clamping voltage in a direction from the second end 206 of the bidirectional voltage suppressor to the first end 204 .
  • the bidirectional voltage suppressor and the thyristor type surge suppression unit are connected in parallel, and the corner voltage or breakdown voltage in the direction from the first end to the second end of the thyristor type surge suppression unit is greater than the two-way a clamping voltage in a direction from the first end to the second end of the voltage suppressor; and a break voltage in a direction from the second end to the first end of the thyristor type surge suppression unit is smaller than a second end of the bidirectional voltage suppressor The clamping voltage in the direction to the first end.
  • the bidirectional voltage suppressor When the surge protection circuit is subjected to a surge from the first end to the second end of the bidirectional voltage suppressor, the bidirectional voltage suppressor is turned on to shunt the inrush current and clamp the surge voltage across the bidirectional voltage suppressor to Clamping voltage.
  • the surge protection circuit When the surge protection circuit is subjected to a surge from the second end of the thyristor type surge suppression unit to the first end, the thyristor type surge suppression unit is turned on to shunt the surge current, and the thyristor type surge suppression unit The surge voltage at both ends is suppressed to the on-state voltage.
  • the above surge protection circuit can reduce the residual voltage at both ends, thereby significantly reducing the shunt of the latter circuit and improving the surge protection capability. Therefore, the electronic device can be effectively protected from the inrush current.
  • the thyristor type surge suppression unit refers to a unit that exhibits the characteristics of a thyristor surge suppressor as a whole.
  • the thyristor type surge suppression unit may be symmetrical or asymmetrical as long as the failing voltage or breakdown voltage in the direction from the first end to the second end of the thyristor type surge suppression unit is greater than that of the bidirectional voltage suppressor a clamping voltage in a direction from one end to the second end; and a turning voltage in a direction from the second end to the first end of the thyristor type surge suppression unit is smaller than a second end of the bidirectional voltage suppressor to the first end The clamp voltage in the direction is sufficient.
  • the thyristor type surge suppression unit is an asymmetric thyristor type surge suppression unit.
  • the asymmetric thyristor type surge suppression unit means that the characteristic curve exhibited by the unit as a whole conforms to:
  • Asymmetric thyristor type surge suppression unit has a common diode reverse direction from the first end to the second end To the off characteristic, the direction from the second end to the first end of the asymmetric thyristor type surge suppression unit has the characteristics of TSS; or both of the above directions have TSS-specific switching characteristics, and electrical parameters exist in both directions difference.
  • the asymmetric thyristor type surge suppression unit is a one-way reverse-cut thyristor surge suppressor (TSS) 214.
  • the single-conductor reverse-cut TSS refers to a direction from the first end 216 to the second end 218.
  • the one-way reverse-cut TSS has a characteristic of a normal diode reverse cutoff, from the second end 218 to the first end 216. In the direction, the one-way reverse reverse TSS has the switching characteristics of the TSS.
  • the V-I curve of the one-way reverse cut-off TSS is as shown in FIG. 3B.
  • a breakdown voltage Vz in a direction from the first end to the second end of the one-way reverse-cut TSS is greater than a clamp voltage in a direction from the first end to the second end of the bidirectional voltage suppressor; and the one-way reverse The break voltage Vs in the direction from the second end to the first end of the cut-off TSS is less than the clamp voltage in the direction from the second end of the bidirectional voltage suppressor to the first end.
  • the asymmetric thyristor type surge suppression unit is a bidirectional asymmetric thyristor surge suppressor (TSS) 220
  • TSS bidirectional asymmetric thyristor surge suppressor
  • the bidirectional asymmetric TSS 220 refers to the first end to the second end and the The two ends to the first end both have TSS-specific switching characteristics, and the electrical parameters in the above two directions are different, for example, the turning voltage is in the first end to the second end direction relative to the second end to the first One end is high; its VI curve is shown in Figure 3D.
  • the corner voltage Vs in the direction from the first end 222 to the second end 224 of the bidirectional asymmetric TSS 220 is greater than the direction from the second end 224 of the bidirectional asymmetric TSS 220 to the first end 222. Transition voltage Vs*.
  • a break voltage Vs in a direction from a first end to a second end of the bidirectional asymmetric TSS is greater than a clamp voltage in a direction from a first end to a second end of the bidirectional voltage suppressor; and a second end of the bidirectional asymmetric TSS
  • the break voltage Vs in the direction to the first end is less than the clamp voltage in the direction from the second end of the bidirectional voltage suppressor to the first end.
  • the asymmetric thyristor type surge suppression unit 208' includes a unidirectional diode 404 and a thyristor surge suppressor 406.
  • the unidirectional diode 404 is connected in series with the thyristor surge suppressor 406.
  • the bidirectional voltage suppressor 202 is connected in parallel, and the cathode of the unidirectional diode is connected to the first end 204 of the bidirectional voltage suppressor 202.
  • the anode of the unidirectional diode is connected to the first end 408 of the thyristor surge suppressor 406.
  • the second end 410 of the surge suppressor 406 is coupled to the second end 206 of the bidirectional voltage suppressor 202.
  • the thyristor surge suppressor of Figure 3E can be a conventional thyristor surge suppressor, in the direction from the cathode of the unidirectional diode to the second end of the thyristor surge suppressor, the unidirectional diode cathode and the thyristor surge suppressor are connected in series
  • the breakdown voltage is greater than the first end of the bidirectional voltage suppressor a clamping voltage in a direction to the second end; a direction in which the cathode of the unidirectional diode and the thyristor surge suppressor are connected in series from the second end of the thyristor surge suppressor to the cathode of the unidirectional diode is smaller than the bidirectional voltage
  • the thyristor surge suppressor may be the above-mentioned single-conductor reverse-cut thyristor surge suppressor or bidirectional asymmetric thyristor surge suppressor, the first end and the second end of the thyristor surge suppressor Corresponding to the first end and the second end of the single-conductor reverse-cut thyristor surge suppressor or the bidirectional asymmetric thyristor surge suppressor, respectively.
  • the position of the unidirectional diode in FIG. 3E is not fixed.
  • the unidirectional diode 404 can be interchanged with the thyristor surge suppressor 406, ie, the anode of the unidirectional diode and the bidirectional voltage suppressor.
  • the two-terminal connection, the cathode of the unidirectional diode is connected to the second end of the thyristor surge suppressor, and the first end of the thyristor surge suppressor is connected to the first end of the bidirectional voltage suppressor.
  • the bidirectional voltage suppressor can be a bidirectional TVS 302, a bidirectional asymmetric TVS 308, a varistor 314, or a bidirectional voltage regulator 320.
  • the bidirectional voltage suppressor is a bidirectional TVS 302
  • the first end 304 of the bidirectional TVS 302 is connected to the first end 210 of the thyristor type surge suppression unit 208
  • the second end 306 of the bidirectional TVS 302 is connected to the thyristor type surge suppression unit.
  • the second end 212 of the 208 is a bidirectional TVS 302
  • the bidirectional voltage suppressor is a bidirectional TVS 302
  • the first end 304 of the bidirectional TVS 302 is connected to the first end 210 of the thyristor type surge suppression unit 208
  • the second end 306 of the bidirectional TVS 302 is connected to the thyristor type surge suppression unit.
  • the second end 212 of the 208 is the bidirectional voltage suppressor.
  • the bidirectional voltage suppressor is a bidirectional asymmetric TVS 308
  • the first end 310 of the bidirectional asymmetric TVS 308 is coupled to the first end 210 of the thyristor type surge suppression unit 208
  • the second end 312 of the bidirectional asymmetric TVS 308 is coupled.
  • the bidirectional voltage suppressor is the varistor 314
  • the first end 316 of the varistor 314 is connected to the first end 210 of the thyristor type surge suppression unit 208
  • the second end 318 of the varistor 314 is connected to the thyristor type.
  • the second end 212 of the surge suppression unit 208 is a bidirectional asymmetric TVS 308.
  • the bidirectional voltage suppressor is the bidirectional voltage regulator 320
  • the first end 316 of the bidirectional voltage regulator 320 is connected to the first end 210 of the thyristor type surge suppression unit 208, and the second end 318 of the bidirectional voltage regulator 320 is connected.
  • the second end 212 of the thyristor type surge suppression unit 208 is connected.
  • the thyristor type surge suppression unit may be an asymmetric thyristor type surge suppression unit, and the asymmetric thyristor type surge suppression unit may be a single conduction reverse cutoff TSS, a bidirectional asymmetric TSS or a thyristor wave.
  • the guide is a reverse-cut TSS, a bidirectional asymmetric TSS, or a unit in which the thyristor surge suppressor is connected in series with the diode.
  • the bidirectional voltage suppressor can be a two-way asymmetric TVS.
  • the first end to the second end of the two-way asymmetric TVS and the second end to the first end both have TVS-specific clamping characteristics.
  • the so-called asymmetry means that there is a certain difference in electrical parameters in the two directions. , for example, the clamp voltage,
  • the first end to the second end direction is higher relative to the second end to the first end; its V-I curve is as shown in FIG. 4E.
  • Vc ⁇ Vc*, Vbr ⁇ VBR*, VDRM ⁇ VDRM*, IPP ⁇ IPP*, IR ⁇ IR*, IDRM ⁇ IDRM* Vc ⁇ Vc*, Vbr ⁇ VBR*, VDRM ⁇ VDRM*, IPP ⁇ IPP*, IR ⁇ IR*, IDRM ⁇ IDRM*.
  • the clamp voltage Vc* in the first end to the second end direction of the bidirectional asymmetric TVS is smaller than the clamp voltage Vc in the second end to the first end direction of the bidirectional asymmetric TVS.
  • Vc* is less than Vc, which can reduce the residual voltage in the direction from the first end to the second end, which is beneficial to improving the performance of the surge protection circuit.
  • the surge protection circuit further includes a trip device 402.
  • the trip device 402 is connected in series with the bidirectional voltage suppressor 202 and is connected in parallel with the thyristor type surge suppression unit 208, or The trip device 402 is connected in series with the thyristor surge suppression unit 208 and is connected in parallel with the bidirectional voltage suppressor 202.
  • the position of the trip device 402 in Figures 5A and 5B is not fixed, and the trip device in Figure 5A can be interchanged with the bi-directional voltage suppressor.
  • the trip device of Figure 5B can be interchanged with the thyristor type surge suppression unit.
  • the surge protection circuit further includes two trip devices 402.
  • the first trip device and the bidirectional voltage suppressor 202 are connected in series to form a first branch
  • the second trip device and the thyristor type surge suppression Units 208 are connected in series to form a second branch that is in parallel with the second branch, as shown in Figure 5C.
  • the position of the trip device in the figure is not fixed and can be interchanged with the bidirectional voltage suppressor or the bidirectional voltage suppressor as needed.
  • the trip device can ensure the safety of the surge protection circuit. Under the extreme conditions of the circuit, if the current is too large, the trip device 402 can disconnect the branch of the trip device 402 to avoid the circuit. Burning and other accidents.
  • the surge protection circuit may further include a unidirectional diode 404.
  • the unidirectional diode 404 is connected in series with the bidirectional voltage suppressor 202 and is connected in parallel with the thyristor type surge suppression unit 208.
  • the anode of the diode 404 is connected to the first end 210 of the thyristor type surge suppression unit 208, and the cathode of the unidirectional diode is connected to the first end 204 of the bidirectional voltage suppressor 202, and the second end of the bidirectional voltage suppressor 202
  • the terminal 206 is connected to the second end 212 of the thyristor type surge suppression unit 208.
  • the position of the unidirectional diode in FIG. 7 is not fixed.
  • the unidirectional diode 404 can be interchanged with the bidirectional voltage suppressor, that is, the cathode of the unidirectional diode and the second of the thyristor type surge suppression unit.
  • the terminal is connected, the anode of the unidirectional diode is connected to the second end of the bidirectional voltage suppressor, and the first end of the bidirectional voltage suppressor is connected to the first end of the thyristor type surge suppression unit.
  • the addition of a diode in the circuit further ensures that when a surge comes from the second end of the thyristor type surge suppression unit to the first end, the inrush current is discharged through the thyristor type surge suppression unit. It does not pass through the bidirectional voltage suppressor.
  • the embodiment further provides an electronic device including a main body circuit 412 and the surge protection circuit described above.
  • the body circuit 412 has an input 414 that is coupled in parallel with the body circuit and coupled to the input 412 of the body circuit.
  • the surge protection circuit is disposed in front of the main body circuit 412 to protect the main circuit from surges, so that the electronic device has excellent surge resistance.
  • the surge protection circuit of the present disclosure reduces the residual voltage at both ends of the protection module, significantly reduces the shunting of the rear-stage circuit, improves the surge protection capability of the entire circuit, and can more effectively protect the electronic device from the inrush current.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
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Abstract

一种浪涌保护电路，包括：双向电压抑制器；以及晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元，与所述双向电压抑制器并联，所述双向电压抑制器的第一端与所述晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第一端连接，所述双向电压抑制器的第二端与所述晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第二端连接，所述晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第一端到第二端的方向上的转折电压或击穿电压大于所述双向电压抑制器的第一端到第二端的方向上的嵌位电压；且所述晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第二端到第一端的方向上的转折电压小于所述双向电压抑制器的第二端到第一端的方向上的嵌位电压。

Description

浪涌保护电路以及使用该电路的电子装置 技术领域
本公开涉及电路保护领域，例如涉及一种浪涌保护电路以及一种使用该浪涌保护电路的电子装置。
背景技术
电子装置经常会受到过电压的干扰。该过电压包括遭受雷击产生的过电压和供电系统的过电压。过电压会损坏设备，必须采取保护措施，将过电压降低到可接受的水平。
为了保护电子装置，可以采用浪涌保护电路，图1示出了一种相关技术中的浪涌保护电路，该浪涌保护电路中双向TSS 102(Thyristor Surge Suppressor，晶闸管电涌抑制器)和单向TVS 104(Transient Voltage Suppressor，瞬态电压抑制器)串联，其中该双向TSS的第一端与电源正极连接，该单向TVS的负极与该双向TSS的第二端连接，该单向TVS的正极与电源负极连接。这样，在所述电源的端口受到正极到负极的浪涌冲击时双向TSS和单向TVS导通，以分流浪涌电流，并且所述单向TVS将所述单向TVS两端的浪涌电压箝位到箝位电压，该双向TSS和单向TVS在所述电源的端口受到负极到正极的浪涌冲击时导通，以分流浪涌电流。
然而，以上的浪涌保护电路存在以下缺点：在直流电源口，遭受不同极性(正或负)的雷击时，电路的防雷性能有较大差异。当遭受从电源负极到电源正极的雷击时，浪涌保护电路两端的残压较高，与被保护电路连接使用时，进入被保护电路的电流较大，容易损坏被保护电路。
发明内容
本公开提供一种浪涌保护电路，解决了相关技术中的保护模块在遭受从电源负极到电源正极的雷击时，模块两端的残压较高，进入被保护电路的电流较大，容易损坏被保护电路的问题。
一种浪涌保护电路，包括：
双向电压抑制器；以及
晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元，与该双向电压抑制器并联，该双向电压抑制器的 第一端与该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第一端连接，该双向电压抑制器的第二端与该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第二端连接，其中：
该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第一端到第二端的方向上的转折电压或击穿电压大于该双向电压抑制器的第一端到第二端的方向上的嵌位电压；以及
该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第二端到第一端的方向上的转折电压小于该双向电压抑制器的第二端到第一端的方向上的嵌位电压。
可选地，晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元为非对称晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元。
可选地，该非对称晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元为单向导通反向截止晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元。
可选地，该非对称晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元为双向不对称晶闸管浪涌抑制器，该双向不对称晶闸管浪涌抑制器的第一端到第二端的方向上的转折电压大于该双向不对称晶闸管浪涌抑制器的第二端到第一端的方向上的转折电压。
可选地，该非对称晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元包括单向二极管和晶闸管浪涌抑制器，该单向二极管与该晶闸管浪涌抑制器串联后与该双向电压抑制器并联，其中该单向二极管的阴极与该双向电压抑制器的第一端连接，或者该单向二极管的阳极与该双向电压抑制器的第二端连接。
可选地，该双向电压抑制器为双向TVS、双向不对称TVS、压敏电阻或双向稳压管。
可选地，该双向不对称TVS的第一端到第二端方向上的嵌位电压小于该双向不对称TVS的第二端到第一端方向上的嵌位电压。
可选地，该浪涌保护电路还包括脱扣装置，该脱扣装置与该双向电压抑制器串联后与该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元并联，或所述脱扣装置与所述晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元串联后与所述双向电压抑制器并联。
可选地，该浪涌保护电路还包括两个脱扣装置，第一脱扣装置与该双向电压抑制器串联形成第一支路，第二脱扣装置与和该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元串联形成第二支路，该第一支路与该第二支路并联。
可选地，还包括单向二极管，该单向二极管与该双向电压抑制器串联后与该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元并联，其中该单向二极管的阳极与该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第一端连接，或者该单向二极管的阴极与该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第二端连接。
本公开还提供一种电子装置，包括：主体电路，具有输入端；以及上述任 一项的浪涌保护电路，与该主体电路并联并与该主体电路的输入端连接。
本公开的浪涌保护电路能够降低其两端的残压，进而能够显著减小后级电路的分流，提升浪涌的防护能力。因此，能够有效地保护电子装置免受浪涌电流的损害。
附图说明
图1是相关技术中的浪涌保护电路的示意图；
图2是一实施例提供的浪涌保护电路的示意图；
图3A是一实施例提供的非对称晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元为单向导通反向截止TSS的浪涌保护电路示意图；
图3B是一实施例提供的单向导通反向截止TSS的V-I曲线；
图3C是一实施例提供的非对称晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元为双向不对称TSS的浪涌保护电路的示意图；
图3D是一实施例提供的双向不对称TSS的V-I曲线；
图3E是另一实施例提供的非对称晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的示意图；
图4A是一实施例提供的双向电压抑制器为双向TVS时的浪涌保护电路示意图；
图4B是一实施例提供的双向电压抑制器为双向不对称TVS时的浪涌保护电路不同实施例的示意图；
图4C是一实施例提供的双向电压抑制器为压敏电阻时的浪涌保护电路不同实施例的示意图；
图4D是一实施例提供的双向电压抑制器为双向稳压管时的浪涌保护电路不同实施例的示意图；
图4E是一实施例提供的双向不对称TVS的V-I曲线；
图5A是一实施例提供的包括一个脱扣器件的浪涌保护电路示意图；
图5B是另一实施例提供的包括一个脱扣器件的浪涌保护电路示意图；
图5C是一实施例提供的包括两个脱扣器件的浪涌保护电路示意图；
图6是另一实施例提供的浪涌保护电路的示意图；
图7是一实施例提供的电子装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
如图2，本实施例的浪涌保护电路，包括：双向电压抑制器202和晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元208，双向电压抑制器202与晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元208并联。该双向电压抑制器202的第一端204与该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元208的第一端210连接，该双向电压抑制器202的第二端206与该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元208的第二端212连接。该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元208的第一端210到第二端212的方向上的转折电压或击穿电压大于该双向电压抑制器的第一端204到第二端206的方向上的嵌位电压；以及该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元208的第二端212到第一端210的方向上的转折电压小于该双向电压抑制器的第二端206到第一端204的方向上的嵌位电压。
本实施例的浪涌保护电路中，双向电压抑制器和晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元并联，该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第一端到第二端的方向上的转折电压或击穿电压大于该双向电压抑制器的第一端到第二端的方向上的嵌位电压；以及该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第二端到第一端的方向上的转折电压小于该双向电压抑制器的第二端到第一端的方向上的嵌位电压。当浪涌保护电路受到从双向电压抑制器的第一端到第二端的浪涌时，双向电压抑制器导通，以分流浪涌电流，并且将双向电压抑制器两端的浪涌电压箝位到箝位电压。当浪涌保护电路受到从晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第二端到第一端的浪涌时，晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元导通，以分流浪涌电流，并且晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元将其两端的浪涌电压抑制到通态电压。以上的浪涌保护电路能够降低其两端的残压，进而能够显著减小后级电路的分流，提升浪涌的防护能力。因此，能够有效地保护电子装置免受浪涌电流的损害。
晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元是指整体表现出晶闸管浪涌抑制器特性的单元。该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元可以是对称或非对称的，只要能够保证该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第一端到第二端的方向上的转折电压或击穿电压大于该双向电压抑制器的第一端到第二端的方向上的嵌位电压；以及该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第二端到第一端的方向上的转折电压小于该双向电压抑制器的第二端到第一端的方向上的嵌位电压即可。可选地，该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元是非对称晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元。非对称晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元是指该单元整体表现出的特性曲线符合：
非对称晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元第一端到第二端的方向，具有普通二极管反 向截止的特性，非对称晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元第二端到第一端的方向，具有TSS的特性；或上述两个方向都具备TSS特有的开关特性，且两个方向上的电气参数存在差异。
可选地，如图3A所示，该非对称晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元为单向导通反向截止晶闸管浪涌抑制器(TSS)214。单向导通反向截止TSS是指：从第一端216到第二端218的方向，该单向导通反向截止TSS具有普通二极管反向截止的特性，从第二端218到第一端216的方向，该单向导通反向截止TSS具有TSS的开关特性。该单向导通反向截止TSS的V-I曲线如图3B所示。该单向导通反向截止TSS的第一端到第二端的方向上的击穿电压Vz大于该双向电压抑制器的第一端到第二端的方向上的嵌位电压；以及该单向导通反向截止TSS的第二端到第一端的方向上的转折电压Vs小于该双向电压抑制器的第二端到第一端的方向上的嵌位电压。
可选地，如图3C所示，该非对称晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元为双向不对称晶闸管浪涌抑制器(TSS)220，该双向不对称TSS 220是指第一端到第二端以及第二端到第一端两个方向都具备TSS特有的开关特性，且上述两个方向上的电气参数存在差异，比如，转折电压，在第一端到第二端方向相对于第二端到第一端方向高；其V-I曲线如图3D所示。其中，Vdrm≠Vdrm*，Vs≠Vs*，Vt≠Vt*，It≠It*，Is≠Is*，Ih≠Ih*，Idrm≠Idrm*。在本实施例中，该双向不对称TSS 220的第一端222到第二端224的方向上的转折电压Vs大于该双向不对称TSS 220的第二端224到第一端222的方向上的转折电压Vs*。该双向不对称TSS的第一端到第二端的方向上的转折电压Vs大于该双向电压抑制器的第一端到第二端的方向上的嵌位电压；以及该双向不对称TSS的第二端到第一端的方向上的转折电压Vs小于该双向电压抑制器的第二端到第一端的方向上的嵌位电压。
可选地，该非对称晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元208’包括单向二极管404和晶闸管浪涌抑制器406，如图3E所示，该单向二极管404与晶闸管浪涌抑制器406串联后与该双向电压抑制器202并联，该单向二极管的阴极与该双向电压抑制器202的第一端204连接，该单向二极管的阳极与晶闸管浪涌抑制器406的第一端408连接，该晶闸管浪涌抑制器406的第二端410与该双向电压抑制器202的第二端206连接。图3E中的晶闸管浪涌抑制器可以是普通的晶闸管浪涌抑制器，从单向二极管的阴极到晶闸管浪涌抑制器的第二端的方向，单向二极管的阴极和晶闸管浪涌抑制器串联形成的击穿电压大于该双向电压抑制器的第一端 到第二端的方向上的嵌位电压；从晶闸管浪涌抑制器的第二端到单向二极管的阴极的方向，单向二极管的阴极和晶闸管浪涌抑制器串联形成的转折电压小于该双向电压抑制器的第二端到第一端的方向上的嵌位电压。可选地，晶闸管浪涌抑制器可以是上面提到的单向导通反向截止晶闸管浪涌抑制器或双向不对称晶闸管浪涌抑制器，该晶闸管浪涌抑制器的第一端和第二端分别与单向导通反向截止晶闸管浪涌抑制器或双向不对称晶闸管浪涌抑制器的第一端和第二端对应。图3E中的单向二极管的位置并非是固定的，可选地，该单向二极管404可以与晶闸管浪涌抑制器406互换位置，即该单向二极管的阳极与该双向电压抑制器的第二端连接，该单向二极管的阴极与该晶闸管浪涌抑制器的第二端连接，该晶闸管浪涌抑制器的第一端与该双向电压抑制器的第一端连接。
可选地，如图4A-4D所示，该双向电压抑制器可以为双向TVS 302、双向不对称TVS 308、压敏电阻314或双向稳压管320。该双向电压抑制器为双向TVS 302时，双向TVS 302的第一端304连接于晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元208的第一端210，双向TVS 302的第二端306连接于晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元208的第二端212。该双向电压抑制器为双向不对称TVS 308时，双向不对称TVS 308的第一端310连接于晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元208的第一端210，以及双向不对称TVS 308的第二端312连接于晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元208的第二端212。该双向电压抑制器为压敏电阻314时，压敏电阻314的第一端316连接于晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元208的第一端210，以及压敏电阻314的第二端318连接于晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元208的第二端212。该双向电压抑制器为双向稳压管320时，双向稳压管320的第一端316连接于晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元208的第一端210，以及双向稳压管320的第二端318连接于晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元208的第二端212。
从上面所述可知，该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元可以为非对称晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元，该非对称晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元可以为单向导通反向截止TSS、双向不对称TSS或晶闸管浪涌抑制器与二极管串联组成的单元。因此，本实施例中，浪涌保护电路可以由第一单元和第二单元并联形成，其中第一单元为双向TVS、双向不对称TVS、压敏电阻或双向稳压管，第二单元为单向导通反向截止TSS、双向不对称TSS或晶闸管浪涌抑制器与二极管串联组成的单元。
可选地，该双向电压抑制器可以为双向不对称TVS。该双向不对称TVS的第一端到第二端以及第二端到第一端两个方向都具备TVS特有的钳位特性，所谓不对称是指上述两个方向上的电气参数存在一定的差异，例如，钳位电压， 第一端到第二端方向相对于第二端到第一端方向高；其V-I曲线如图4E所示。其中Vc≠Vc*，Vbr≠VBR*，VDRM≠VDRM*，IPP≠IPP*，IR≠IR*，IDRM≠IDRM*。可选地，双向不对称TVS的第一端到第二端方向上的嵌位电压Vc*小于该双向不对称TVS的第二端到第一端方向上的嵌位电压Vc。本实施例中，Vc*小于Vc可以降低从第一端到第二端方向上的残压，有利于提升该浪涌保护电路的性能。
可选地，该浪涌保护电路还包括脱扣装置402，如图5A和5B所示，该脱扣装置402与该双向电压抑制器202串联后与该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元208并联，或者该脱扣装置402与该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元208串联后与该双向电压抑制器202并联。图5A和5B中脱扣装置402的位置并非固定的，图5A中脱扣装置可以与双向电压抑制器互换位置。同理，图5B中脱扣装置可以与晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元互换位置。
可选地，该浪涌保护电路还包括两个脱扣装置402，第一脱扣装置与该双向电压抑制器202串联形成第一支路，第二脱扣装置与和该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元208串联形成第二支路，该第一支路与该第二支路并联，如图5C所示。同样，图中的脱扣装置的位置不是固定的，可以根据需要分别与双向电压抑制器或双向电压抑制器互换位置。
增加脱扣装置可以保证该浪涌保护电路的安全性，在电路极端条件下，如电流过大导致电路发热的情况下，脱扣装置402可以将脱扣装置402所在支路断开，避免电路烧毁等事故。
可选地，该浪涌保护电路还可以包括单向二极管404，如图6所示，该单向二极管404与该双向电压抑制器202串联后与该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元208并联，该单向二极管404的阳极与该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元208的第一端210连接，该单向二极管的阴极与该双向电压抑制器202的第一端204连接，该双向电压抑制器202的第二端206连接与该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元208的第二端212连接。图7中的单向二极管的位置并非固定的，可选地，该单向二极管404可以与双向电压抑制器互换位置，即该单向二极管的阴极与该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第二端连接，该单向二极管的阳极与该双向电压抑制器的第二端连接，该双向电压抑制器的第一端与该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第一端连接。
电路中增加二极管可以进一步确保浪涌从该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第二端到第一端的方向过来时，浪涌电流通过该晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元进行泄放， 而不会通过该双向电压抑制器。
如图7，本实施例还提供一种电子装置，该电子装置包括主体电路412和上面所述的浪涌保护电路。该主体电路412具有输入端414，该浪涌保护电路与该主体电路并联并与该主体电路的输入端412连接。该浪涌保护电路设置在主体电路412之前，可以保护主体电路免受浪涌的冲击，从而该电子装置具有很好的抗浪涌能力。
工业实用性
本公开的浪涌保护电路，降低了保护模块两端的残压，显著减小后级电路的分流，提升整个电路浪涌的防护能力，能够更有效地保护电子装置免受浪涌电流的损害。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种浪涌保护电路，包括：
    双向电压抑制器；以及
    晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元，与所述双向电压抑制器并联，所述双向电压抑制器的第一端与所述晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第一端连接，所述双向电压抑制器的第二端与所述晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第二端连接；
    其中，所述晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第一端到第二端的方向上的转折电压或击穿电压大于所述双向电压抑制器的第一端到第二端的方向上的嵌位电压；且
    所述晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第二端到第一端的方向上的转折电压小于所述双向电压抑制器的第二端到第一端的方向上的嵌位电压。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的浪涌保护电路，其中，所述晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元为非对称晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的浪涌保护电路，其中，所述非对称晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元为单向导通反向截止晶闸管浪涌抑制器。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的浪涌保护电路，其中，所述非对称晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元为双向不对称晶闸管浪涌抑制器，所述双向不对称晶闸管浪涌抑制器的第一端到第二端的方向上的转折电压大于所述双向不对称晶闸管浪涌抑制器的第二端到第一端的方向上的转折电压。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的浪涌保护电路，其中，所述非对称晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元包括单向二极管和晶闸管浪涌抑制器，所述单向二极管与所述晶闸管浪涌抑制器串联后与所述双向电压抑制器并联；其中所述单向二极管的阴极与所述双向电压抑制器的第一端连接，或者所述单向二极管的阳极与所述双向电压抑制器的第二端连接。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的浪涌保护电路，其中，所述双向电压抑制器为双向瞬态电压抑制器TVS、双向不对称TVS、压敏电阻或双向稳压管。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的浪涌保护电路，其中，所述双向不对称TVS的第一端到第二端方向上的嵌位电压小于所述双向不对称TVS的第二端到第一端方向上的嵌位电压。
  8. 如权利要求1-7任一所述的浪涌保护电路，还包括脱扣装置；
    所述脱扣装置与所述双向电压抑制器串联后与所述晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元并联，或所述脱扣装置与所述晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元串联后与所述双向电压抑 制器并联。
  9. 如权利要求1-7任一所述的浪涌保护电路，还包括两个脱扣装置，第一脱扣装置与所述双向电压抑制器串联形成第一支路，第二脱扣装置与所述晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元串联形成第二支路，所述第一支路与所述第二支路并联。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的浪涌保护电路，还包括单向二极管，所述单向二极管与所述双向电压抑制器串联后与所述晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元并联；
    其中所述单向二极管的阳极与所述晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第一端连接，或者所述单向二极管的阴极与所述晶闸管型浪涌抑制单元的第二端连接。
  11. 一种电子装置，包括：
    主体电路，包括输入端；以及
    如权利要求1-10任一项所述的浪涌保护电路，与所述主体电路并联，并与所述主体电路的输入端连接。
PCT/CN2017/116175 2016-12-28 2017-12-14 浪涌保护电路以及使用该电路的电子装置 WO2018121278A1 (zh)

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EP17887035.8A EP3565075A4 (en) 2016-12-28 2017-12-14 OVERLOAD PROTECTION CIRCUIT AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE USING THE CIRCUIT
US16/474,280 US11296497B2 (en) 2016-12-28 2017-12-14 Surge protection circuit and electronic device using the circuit
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