WO2018120733A1 - 电连接件、流体状态测试装置和流体换热系统 - Google Patents

电连接件、流体状态测试装置和流体换热系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018120733A1
WO2018120733A1 PCT/CN2017/091931 CN2017091931W WO2018120733A1 WO 2018120733 A1 WO2018120733 A1 WO 2018120733A1 CN 2017091931 W CN2017091931 W CN 2017091931W WO 2018120733 A1 WO2018120733 A1 WO 2018120733A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
electrical connector
pressure
body portion
temperature sensing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/091931
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马盛骏
Original Assignee
北京金风科创风电设备有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201710045410.1A external-priority patent/CN108267261B/zh
Application filed by 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 filed Critical 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司
Priority to KR1020187016654A priority Critical patent/KR102099522B1/ko
Priority to EP17875071.7A priority patent/EP3372972B1/en
Priority to US15/782,019 priority patent/US11421916B2/en
Priority to AU2017370318A priority patent/AU2017370318B2/en
Priority to ES17875071T priority patent/ES2850698T3/es
Publication of WO2018120733A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018120733A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/14—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring differences of pressure in the fluid
    • G01P5/16—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring differences of pressure in the fluid using Pitot tubes, e.g. Machmeter
    • G01P5/165—Arrangements or constructions of Pitot tubes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
    • G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
    • G01F1/40—Details of construction of the flow constriction devices
    • G01F1/46—Pitot tubes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
    • G01K1/14—Supports; Fastening devices; Arrangements for mounting thermometers in particular locations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electrical engineering technology, and in particular, to an electrical connector, a fluid state testing device, and a fluid heat exchange system.
  • the electric heating tube (or metal tubular electric heating element) is a charging element for converting electrical energy into thermal energy, which has no pollution compared with the conventional heating, is convenient to install, convenient to use, and low in price, and belongs to environmentally-friendly green production, so it is widely used. It can be applied to a variety of equipments that require heat treatment. For example, multiple electric heating tubes can be combined into a heat exchange system, installed in a saltpet tank, a water tank, an oil tank, an acid-base tank, a fusible metal melting furnace, an air heating furnace, and drying. In the fluid passage of equipment such as furnaces, drying ovens, and hot stamping dies.
  • the plurality of electric heating tubes are respectively fixed to the fixed end of the electric heating tube in the fluid passage.
  • the electrodes of the plurality of electric heating tubes need to be connected in series or in parallel to each other to form a multi-phase load heat generating heat source, and the electric heating tube is supplied with power through the alternating current. Therefore, the electrodes of the electric heating tube need to be connected, connected in series, and connected in parallel by means of electrical connectors, and then the connection with the external power supply is realized.
  • the electrical connector itself exists in the fluid flow channel, which becomes an obstacle to the flow of the fluid hot air, which may cause forced vibration of the electrical connector, and even A coupling vibration (ie, a resonance phenomenon) occurs between the electrical connection member and the fluid, so that the electrical connection between the electrical connector and the electrode of the electric heating tube is likely to fall off and cause a short circuit failure.
  • a coupling vibration ie, a resonance phenomenon
  • the electrical connecting member for example, a wire
  • the electrical connecting member for example, a wire
  • the lead electrode of the plurality of branch electric heating tubes is directly along the radial direction of the fluid passage.
  • the electrical connector when the fluid in the fluid passage is a liquid, the electrical connector is not allowed to be drawn out to the outside, in which case a plurality of electrical connectors must be connected in series or in parallel within the fluid passage.
  • the insulated flexible wire is used as the electrical connection member to connect the electrodes of the electric heating tube, in order to avoid the resonance phenomenon of the wire in the fluid by the fluid pressure, the insulated wire needs to be fixed on the inner wall of the fluid passage, and when the wire is insulated When the insulation between the layer and the inner wall of the metal of the fluid passage fails, the electrical connector is discharged, causing a short circuit failure in the entire heat exchange system.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrical connector, a fluid state testing device, and a fluid heat exchange system that are capable of measuring and monitoring fluid pressure without affecting the fluid flow field in which it is located.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrical connector, a fluid state testing device, and a fluid heat exchange system that are capable of measuring and monitoring fluid resistance without affecting the fluid flow field in which it is located.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrical connector, a fluid state testing device, and a fluid heat exchange system that are capable of measuring and monitoring the lateral vibration frequency of the electrical connector without affecting the fluid flow field in which it is located.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrical connector, a fluid state testing device, and a flow
  • the body heat exchange system is capable of suppressing longitudinal vibration and/or lateral vibration of the electrical connector itself without affecting the fluid flow field in which it is located.
  • One aspect of the present invention provides an electrical connector capable of measuring a fluid state in a flow path, comprising a body portion, a connecting portion, a first temperature sensing element, and a second temperature sensing element, the connecting portion causing the body portion to be disposed in the flow path
  • the charging element is electrically connected;
  • the main body portion includes a first side surface and a second side surface parallel to a flow direction of the fluid, and the first temperature sensing element and the second temperature sensing element are respectively disposed on the first side surface and the second side surface in an electrically insulating manner Opposite each other.
  • a fluid state testing device including an electrical connector and a frequency computing portion, the electrical connector including a body portion, a connecting portion, a first temperature sensing element, and a second temperature sensing element,
  • the main body portion includes a first side surface and a second side surface parallel to the flow direction of the fluid;
  • the connecting portion electrically connects the main body portion with the charging member disposed in the flow passage;
  • the first temperature sensing element and the second temperature sensing element are electrically insulated Positioned on the first side and the second side opposite to each other;
  • the frequency operation unit calculates the fluid in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the fluid according to the alternating change of the measured values of the first temperature sensing element and the second temperature sensing element The frequency of alternating forces on the electrical connections.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a fluid heat exchange system including a flow path through which a fluid flows, a charging element fixed in the flow path, a charging element being an electric heating element, a heating element heating body, and a heating body An electrode at the end; and a fluid state testing device as described above, the electrical connector being connected to the electrode of the electric heating element.
  • the invention develops and expands the structure of the electrical connection parts of the electric heat source electrode by phase-separating, series-connecting and parallel-coupling, and breaks through the traditional function of the conductor to carry only the power transmission task, so that the electrical connector also has Sensing, detection and other functions make a major breakthrough in the existing technology.
  • the invention does not change the flow field in the original fluid system of the electrical connection of the electrothermal source electrode; the sensor and its test system are not introduced around the electrical connection of the electrothermal source electrode, and the flow field around the electrical connection of the electrothermal source electrode is avoided.
  • Destruction and at least one of the following information can be obtained: (1) information on the forced vibration of the electrical connection of the electrothermal source electrode; (2) electrical connection of the electrothermal source electrode Information on the velocity of the fluid in the flow field; (3) information on the convective heat transfer between the electrical connection of the electrode of the electrothermal source and the fluid.
  • FIG. 1 is a front elevational view showing a state in which an electrical connector of the present invention is mounted in a flow path.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial schematic view of an electrical connector of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial schematic view of an electrical connector of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a view showing the relationship between the aspect ratio and the drag coefficient of the electrical connector of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a top plan view of an electrical connector of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a top plan view of an electrical connector of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a partial schematic view of an electrical connector of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrical connector of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a partial schematic view of the electrical connector of the present invention wound with a spiral.
  • Figure 10 is a front elevational view showing a state in which an electrical connector of another embodiment of the present invention is installed in a flow path.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic illustration of a fluid state testing device in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic illustration of a fluid state testing device in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic illustration of a fluid state testing device in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is a circuit diagram showing a frequency calculation unit in the fluid state test device shown in Fig. 13.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fluid heat exchange system incorporating the electrical connector of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic view showing the structure of an electric heating pipe installed in the fluid heat exchange system shown in Figure 15.
  • Figure 17 is a plan development view showing the arrangement relationship between the electric heating pipe and the electrical connector of the fluid heat exchange system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 18 is a plan development view showing another arrangement relationship between the electric heating pipe and the electric connecting member of the fluid heat exchanging system of the present invention.
  • 140-total pressure collection section 141-total pressure extraction orifice; 142-total pressure transmission passage;
  • 170-torsion portion 180-first pressure measuring portion; 181-first temperature sensing element;
  • the electrical connector 100 is used to connect a live component disposed in the flow channel to electrically connect the live component to or between the power source.
  • the charging element can be an electric heating element capable of generating heat, or can be implemented Other types of live components that are electrically functional.
  • the fluid flows inwardly in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper, the direction of which is indicated by a circle with an arrow tail inside.
  • the structure of the electrical connector 100 will be described below with reference to the flow direction of the fluid.
  • Fig. 1 is a front view showing a state in which the electrical connector 100 is mounted in a flow path.
  • the electrical connector 100 includes a main body portion 110 and first and second connecting portions 120 and 130 located at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the main body portion 110.
  • the body portion 110 includes an upstream surface 111, a first side 112, a second side 113, and a backflow surface 116 (see FIG. 2).
  • the flow-facing surface 111 is a surface of the body portion 110 facing the direction of fluid flow, which is directly impacted by the fluid in the flow channel and creates a resistance to the flow of the fluid.
  • the backflow surface 116 is the surface of the body portion 110 facing away from the direction of fluid flow that opposes the flow-facing surface 110 and is not impacted by fluid within the flow channel.
  • the first side 112 and the second side 113 are generally parallel to the direction of fluid flow.
  • the first connecting portion 120 and the second connecting portion 130 are respectively located at both ends of the main body portion 110.
  • the first connecting portion 120 has a connecting hole 121 and connecting faces 122 and 123 opposed to each other.
  • the second connecting portion 130 has a connecting hole 131 and connecting faces 132 and 133 opposed to each other.
  • the connecting holes 121, 131 may respectively pass through the electrodes of the two charging elements (see FIG.
  • the connecting portion 120 and the second connecting portion 130 are connected to each other to electrically connect the two charging members respectively connected to the two ends of the electrical connector 100.
  • the connecting faces 122, 123 and/or the connecting faces 132, 133 are planar, which facilitates the pressing and fixing of the electrodes of the charging element through the connecting holes.
  • the first side 112 and the second side 113 in order to bring the flow state of the fluid flowing through the first side 112 and the second side 113 to substantially the same condition, preferably, the first side 112 is parallel to the second side 113.
  • the main body portion 110 is curved, that is, the first side surface 112 and the second side surface 113 are curved surfaces.
  • the first side 112 and the second side 113 are both planar.
  • the flow surface 111 in order to accurately collect and measure the fluid pressure acting on the flow surface 111, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the flow surface 111 is a flat surface.
  • the upstream surface 111 is a plane that is perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow.
  • the flow surface 111 is a curved surface to reduce resistance to fluid.
  • the area on the upstream surface 111 where the total pressure pressing hole 141 is provided is a flat surface.
  • the direction of the flow surface 111 perpendicular to the fluid flow direction should be minimized.
  • the size on the top In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the dimension of the flow-facing surface 111 in the thickness direction is smaller than the direction in which the main body portion 110 is parallel to the fluid flow direction, that is, the width direction. That is, the dimension of the upstream surface 111 in the thickness direction is smaller than the dimension of the side faces of the main body portion 110 (ie, the first side 112 and the second side 113) in the width direction.
  • the windward surface of the windward surface 111 is small, the resistance is small, and it is not easily bent, and the corresponding longitudinal direction (along the fluid flow direction) is also small.
  • the resistance of the electrical connector 100 to the fluid in the flow passage can be weakened, thereby attenuating the longitudinal vibration of the electrical connector 100 itself.
  • the width D of the electrical connector 100 is the dimension of the electrical connector 100 in a direction parallel to the flow direction of the fluid
  • the thickness B is the dimension of the electrical connector 100 in a direction perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow. Therefore, the aspect ratio of the electrical connector 100 is defined as D/B.
  • the pressure of the upstream surface 111 of the electrical connector 100 is p w
  • the pressure of the backflow surface 116 of the electrical connector 100 is p l
  • the resistance of the upstream surface 111 of the electrical connector 100 to the fluid is:
  • A is the projected area of the upstream surface 111 of the electrical connector 100, that is, the area facing the fluid flow direction.
  • ⁇ a is the fluid density in the flow channel
  • U is the fluid velocity in the flow channel
  • C p,w is the pressure coefficient of the flow surface 111
  • C p,l is the pressure coefficient of the back flow surface 116
  • C d is the electrical connection The pressure coefficient produced by the piece 100 on the fluid, ie the drag coefficient.
  • the aspect ratio D/B is about 0.5, that is, the width D is approximately half of the thickness B
  • the drag coefficient C d To the maximum, that is, the electrical connector 100 has the greatest resistance to the fluid in the flow channel, and the electrical connector 100 receives the greatest longitudinal impact force, thereby inducing the longitudinal vibration of the electrical connector 100 to be the strongest; when the width to thickness ratio D/ When B is greater than 0.5, the drag coefficient C d gradually decreases.
  • the width-thickness ratio D/B is greater than 4
  • the drag coefficient C d tends to be stable, and as the width-to-thickness ratio D/B increases, the drag coefficient C d reaches a minimum. That is, the electrical connector 100 has the least resistance to the fluid in the flow channel, and the electrical connector 100 is subjected to the longitudinal impact force that is minimized, whereby the induced longitudinal vibration of the electrical connector 100 is the weakest.
  • the charging element is usually disposed in a direction parallel to the flow direction of the fluid, and the electrode extending from the end of the charging element is also generally parallel to the flow direction of the fluid.
  • the connection faces 122, 123 and the second connection portion of the first connection portion 120 In order to be able to provide a connection hole on the first connection portion 120 and the second connection portion 130 and improve the connection strength of the electrode to the electrical connector 100, it is necessary to increase the connection faces 122, 123 and the second connection portion of the first connection portion 120.
  • the connecting faces 122, 123 of the first connecting portion 120 and the connecting faces 132, 133 of the second connecting portion 130 are larger in the direction perpendicular to the fluid flow direction than the main body portion 110 is perpendicular to the fluid flow direction.
  • the electrical connector 100 is formed of a substantially rectangular plate-like member made of a metal material such as copper or aluminum and having good electrical conductivity.
  • the first connection portion 120 and the second connection portion 130 of the electrical connector 100 have a larger contact surface with the electrode 204 to facilitate mounting, between the main body portion 110 and the first connection portion 120 and between the main body portion 110 and the second connection
  • the portions 130 have torsion portions 160 and 170, respectively, and the torsion angle is 90°.
  • the torsion portions 160 and 170 may have other twist angles depending on mounting conditions such as the position and orientation of the charged element electrodes to be connected.
  • first connecting portion 120 and the second connecting portion 130 may also be fabricated by other methods such as by a molding process.
  • 6 shows a top view of an electrical connector 100 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, as shown, alternatively, between the first connection portion 120 and the body portion 110 and/or the second connection portion 130 and the body
  • the torsion portions 160 and 170 may not be provided between the portions 110, that is, the torsion angle is 0°.
  • the first connecting portion 120 and the second connecting portion 130 and the main body portion 110 may be of a unitary structure, or a separate structure may be employed.
  • the electrical connector 100 is capable of collecting and measuring state parameters such as pressure, temperature, velocity, and flow rate of fluid flowing through the electrical connector 100 in the flow channel.
  • state parameters such as pressure, temperature, velocity, and flow rate of fluid flowing through the electrical connector 100 in the flow channel.
  • the electrical connector 100 acquires pressure at a certain point in the fluid, including total pressure, static pressure, dynamic pressure, and the total pressure collecting portion 140, the static pressure collecting portion 150, and the back pressure collecting portion 210 disposed thereon. Back pressure, and calculate the flow velocity, flow rate, drag coefficient and other parameters according to the above pressure.
  • the pressure indication value at the signal source is obtained by separately setting a pressure detector or a sampling device in the flow channel. This interventional detection affects the measured value to a certain extent, and cannot restore the original state of the fluid field in the flow channel. Case.
  • the electrical connector 100 of the embodiment of the present invention has both an acquisition and measurement function, and a separate detecting device is not introduced in the flow channel, so that the state parameter of the fluid can be measured more accurately.
  • the total pressure collecting portion 140 includes a total pressure pressing hole 141 provided on the upstream surface 111, a total pressure output port 143 provided on the first connecting portion 120, and a main pressure portion 143 disposed in the main body portion 110 to communicate the total pressure pressing hole 141. And the total pressure delivery passage 142 of the total pressure output interface 143.
  • the total pressure pressing hole 141 is disposed on the upstream surface 111, and the upstream surface 111 faces the upstream direction of the flow direction in the flow path, and the opening of the total pressure pressing hole 141 faces the flow direction for measuring the fluid on the upstream surface.
  • the total pressure (or stagnation pressure) generated on 111 is disposed on the upstream surface 111, and the upstream surface 111 faces the upstream direction of the flow direction in the flow path, and the opening of the total pressure pressing hole 141 faces the flow direction for measuring the fluid on the upstream surface.
  • the total pressure pressing hole 141 is a smooth hole without burrs, and the shape of the hole may be a circle, an ellipse, a polygon or the like.
  • the flow surface 111 facing the fluid flow direction is not only affected by the static pressure of the fluid, but also by the dynamic pressure of the fluid, and the static pressure and the dynamic pressure together constitute a total effect on the upstream surface 111.
  • Pressure Since the dynamic pressure is directional, that is, acts in the fluid flow direction, preferably, the axial direction of the total pressure pressing hole 141 is disposed along the fluid flow direction such that the total pressure pressing hole 141 is in line with the fluid flow direction. The angle between the axial direction of the total pressure pressing hole 141 and the direction of fluid flow is zero.
  • the total pressure pressing hole 141 may be disposed at any position on the upstream surface 111, and preferably, the total pressure pressing hole 141 is disposed in the upstream direction.
  • the approximate center position of the face 111 is used to measure the maximum flow rate of the fluid to be flowed into the total pressure take-up hole 141, that is, the fluid upstream of the position of the total pressure press hole 141.
  • the total pressure transmission passage 142 is disposed inside the main body portion 110, the inlet portion of the total pressure transmission passage 142 is in communication with the total pressure extraction pressure hole 141, and the outlet portion of the total pressure transmission passage 142 is extended to the first connection portion 120 of the electrical connection member 100. Used to deliver the total pressure to the total pressure output interface 143.
  • the total pressure transmission passage 142 may be formed directly inside the main body portion 110.
  • the total pressure transfer passage 142 is a separate conduit embedded in a pre-formed slot in the electrical connector 100 such that the top surface of the total pressure transfer passage 142 does not exceed the surface of the upstream surface 111, preferably, total The top surface of the pressure transfer conduit 142 is flush with the surface of the upstream surface 111.
  • the top surface of the total pressure transfer conduit 142 has the same surface structure as the surface of the upstream flow surface 111, for example, the entire upstream surface including the top surface of the total pressure transfer conduit 142 is coated with an anti-corrosion layer.
  • the total pressure transfer passage 142 is a separate conduit that is threaded into a pre-formed passageway disposed within the electrical connector 100.
  • the total pressure output interface 143 may be disposed on a surface of the body portion 110 or on a surface of the connecting portions 120, 130. In order not to affect the flow field, the total pressure output interface 143 is disposed on the first connection portion 120 or the second connection portion 130 and communicates with the outlet portion of the total pressure transmission passage 142. As shown in FIG. 5, the total pressure output interface 143 is disposed on the end surface of the first connecting portion 120. Alternatively, the total pressure output interface 143 may also be disposed on the end surface of the second connecting portion 130.
  • the total pressure output interface 143 may be disposed on the connection surface 122 or the connection surface 123 of the first connection portion 120 or the connection surface 132 or the connection surface 133 of the second connection portion 130. As shown in FIG. 6, the total pressure output interface 143 may be disposed on the connecting surface 122 of the first connecting portion 120.
  • the static pressure collecting portion 150 includes a static pressure tapping hole 151 disposed on the first side surface 112, and is disposed at the first connection
  • the static pressure tapping hole 151 is disposed on the first side surface 112 and is disposed such that fluid does not generate any dynamic pressure component in the static pressure tapping hole 151.
  • the axial direction of the static pressure tapping hole 151 is perpendicular to the fluid flow direction.
  • the static pressure tapping hole 151 may also be disposed on the second side surface 113.
  • the number of static pressure tapping holes 151 may be plural. In the case where a plurality of static pressure tapping holes 151 are provided, the static pressure tapping holes 151 may be provided on one or both of the first side face 112 and the second side face 113. In addition, the static pressure tapping hole 151 may be disposed at any position on the first side 112 and/or the second side 113. Preferably, the static pressure tapping hole 151 is disposed at a position close to the total pressure pressing hole 141 in the fluid flow direction, for example, in a line along the fluid flow direction. Preferably, the axial direction of the static pressure tapping hole 151 and the axial direction of the total pressure tapping hole 141 perpendicularly intersect each other.
  • the static pressure transmission passage 152 is disposed inside the main body portion 110, the inlet portion of the static pressure transmission passage 152 is in communication with the static pressure pressure-receiving hole 151, and the outlet portion of the static pressure transmission passage 152 is extended to the first connection portion 120 of the electrical connection member 100.
  • the static pressure transmission passage 152 may be formed directly inside the main body portion 110.
  • the static pressure transmission passage 152 is a separate duct embedded in a pre-formed slot on the electrical connector 100 such that the top surface of the static pressure transmission passage 152 does not exceed
  • the surface of the first side 112 preferably, the top surface of the static pressure transfer conduit 152 is flush with the surface of the first side 112.
  • the top surface of the static pressure transfer conduit 152 has the same surface structure as the surface of the first side 112, for example, the entire first side including the top surface of the static pressure transfer conduit 152 is coated with an anti-corrosion layer.
  • the static pressure transfer passage 152 is a separate conduit that is threaded into a pre-formed passageway disposed within the electrical connector 100.
  • the static pressure output interface 153 is disposed on the first connecting portion 120 or the second connecting portion 130 and is transmitted through the static pressure The exit portion of the track 152 is in communication. As shown in FIG. 5, the static pressure output interface 153 is disposed on the end surface of the first connecting portion 120. Alternatively, the static pressure output interface 153 may also be disposed on the end surface of the second connecting portion 130. Alternatively, the static pressure output interface 153 may be disposed on the connection surface 122 or the connection surface 123 of the first connection portion 120 or the connection surface 132 or the connection surface 133 of the second connection portion 130. As shown in FIG. 6, the static pressure output interface 153 is disposed on the connection surface 123 of the first connection portion 120.
  • the static pressure output interface 153 and the total pressure output interface 143 may be disposed on the same or different connection portions.
  • the static pressure output interface 153 and the total pressure output interface 143 may be disposed at the same or different end portions and/or connection faces.
  • the static pressure output interface 153 may be disposed on the connection surface 123
  • the total pressure output interface 143 may be disposed on the connection surface 122, and vice versa.
  • the invention collects and measures the pressure exerted on the flow surface 111 by the fluid based on the principle of the pitot-static tube.
  • the total pressure pressing hole 141 and the total pressure transmission passage 142 communicate with each other to constitute a pitot tube, and the static pressure pressure receiving hole 151 and the static pressure transmission passage 152 communicate with each other to constitute a static pressure tube, through the total pressure output interface 143 and the static pressure output interface.
  • 153 can obtain the fluid dynamic pressure acting on the total pressure pressing hole 141, that is, the difference between the total pressure and the static pressure, and the fluid dynamic pressure is substituted into the Bernoulli equation to obtain the fluid flow rate at the total pressure pressing hole 141, thereby The flow can be calculated.
  • FIG. 7 shows the back pressure collection portion 210 disposed on the electrical connector 100.
  • the back pressure collecting portion 210 can also be set to collect and measure the backflow surface pressure p l of the electrical connector 100.
  • the back pressure collecting portion 210 includes a back pressure tapping hole 211 provided on the backflow surface 116, a back pressure output port 213 provided on the connecting portion (not shown), and being disposed in the body portion (not shown) to communicate The back pressure transmitting passage 212 and the back pressure transmitting passage 212 of the back pressure output port 213 are pressed.
  • the back pressure take-up hole 211 is disposed on the back flow surface 116, and the back flow surface 116 faces away from the upward wind direction in the flow channel, and the back pressure take-up hole 211 has an opening opposite to the flow direction for collecting and measuring the fluid.
  • Back pressure (or base pressure) generated on the backflow surface 116.
  • the back pressure take-up hole 211 is a smooth hole without a burr, and the shape of the hole may be a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, or the like.
  • the back pressure take-up hole 211 may be disposed at any position on the backflow surface 116.
  • the back pressure transmission passage 212 is disposed inside the main body portion, and the inlet portion of the back pressure transmission passage 212 communicates with the back pressure take-up hole 211, and the outlet portion of the back pressure transmission passage 212 extends to the connection portion of the electrical connector 100 for The back pressure is delivered to the back pressure output interface 213.
  • the back pressure transmission passage 212 may be formed directly inside the body portion.
  • the back pressure transmission passage 212 is a separate conduit embedded in a pre-formed slot in the electrical connector 100 such that the top surface of the back pressure transmission passage 212 does not exceed the surface of the backflow surface 116, preferably, the back The top surface of the pressure transfer conduit 212 is flush with the surface of the backflow surface 116.
  • the top surface of the back pressure transmission pipe 212 has the same surface structure as the surface of the back flow surface 116, for example, coating the entire back flow surface 116 including the top surface of the back pressure transmission pipe 212, Such as anti-corrosion layer.
  • the back pressure transfer passage 212 is a separate conduit that is threaded into a pre-formed passageway disposed within the electrical connector 100.
  • the back pressure output interface 213 may be disposed on a surface of the body portion 110 or on a surface of the first connection portion 120 or the second connection portion 130. In order not to affect the flow field, preferably, the back pressure output interface 213 is disposed on the first connection portion 120 or the second connection portion 130 and communicates with the outlet portion of the back pressure transmission passage 212.
  • the back pressure output interface 213 may be disposed on the end faces of the first connection portion 120 or the second connection portion 130. Alternatively, the back pressure output interface 213 may also be disposed on the connection faces 122, 123 of the first connection portion 120 or the connection faces 132, 133 of the second connection portion 130.
  • the electrical connector 100 itself has a conductive function, and the current density in the cross section of the electrical connector 100 in the case where the live component connected to the electrical connector 100 is connected to an alternating current.
  • the unevenness produces a skin effect.
  • the current is mainly concentrated on the surface of the electrical connector 100.
  • the current density in the central portion of the cross section of the electrical connector 100 is small, even when transmitting high frequency currents, and has little application value. Therefore, the provision of the total pressure collecting portion 140, the static pressure collecting portion 150 and the back pressure collecting portion 210 inside the electrical connector 100 not only saves the material for manufacturing the electrical connector 100, but also constitutes a path for measuring the pressure (or flow rate). Not only does it not affect the electrical conductivity of the electrical connector 100, but it also enables the function of collecting and measuring the fluid flow state.
  • the electrical connector 100 transmits electrical energy in the fluid, in addition to the longitudinal vibration caused by the above-mentioned fluid pressure, it also couples vibration with the fluid to cause Karman vortex breakdown.
  • Karman vortex principle as shown in FIG. 1, when the electrical connector 100 is in a fluid, fluid flowing through the first side 112 and the second side 113 may occur on the surfaces of the first side 112 and the second side 113.
  • the Karman vortex phenomenon causes the regular vortex on both sides to fall off downstream, and the fluid on the vortex shedding side generates energy loss due to the reflux phenomenon, and the fluid flow rate is lower than the flow velocity of the fluid on the other side where the vortex shedding does not occur. .
  • the convective heat transfer rate is proportional to the 0.8th power of the fluid flow rate. Therefore, when the vortex shedding occurs alternately on both sides of the electrical connector 100, a vortex occurs.
  • the temperature of the side wall on the detached side is inconsistent with the temperature of the side wall on the side where no vortex shedding.
  • the frequency of this temperature change corresponds to the frequency of the alternating force acting on the two sides of the fluid and the transverse vibration frequency of the electrical connector 100 in the direction perpendicular to the fluid flow direction caused by the alternating force, by measuring the temperature change The frequency allows measurement of the lateral vibration frequency of the electrical connector.
  • a pressure indicator or a sampling device is separately provided in the flow channel to obtain a reliable pressure indication value at the signal source.
  • the interventional detection affects the measurement value to a certain extent, and the original fluid field in the flow channel cannot be restored.
  • the invention is based on the principle of the Karman vortex street to the lateral direction of the electrical connector 100
  • the vibration frequency is measured.
  • the electrical connector 100 obtains temperature changes caused by the Karman vortex phenomenon on the two sides by the temperature sensing elements respectively disposed on the first side 112 and the second side 113, and calculates the effect on the two sides according to the above temperature change.
  • the frequency of the alternating force and the lateral vibration frequency of the electrical connector 100 has the function of collecting and measuring temperature parameters, and does not introduce a separate detecting device in the flow channel, so that the state parameter of the fluid can be measured more accurately.
  • FIG. 5 and 6 show a first temperature sensing element 181 and a second temperature sensing element 182 of the electrical connector 100, the first temperature sensing element 181 and the second temperature sensing element 182 being respectively disposed on the first side of the electrical connector 100
  • the 112 and second side 113 are configured to collect temperatures flowing through the first side 112 and the second side 113.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electrical connector 100, further showing the arrangement of the first temperature sensing element 181 and the second temperature sensing element 182. In FIG.
  • the first temperature sensing element 181 and the second temperature sensing element 182 are respectively disposed in an electrically insulating manner at positions opposite to each other on the first side 112 and the second side 113, for example, disposed on the first side 112 and the second side.
  • the first temperature sensing element 181 and the second temperature sensing element 182 may be disposed at any position of the first side 112 and the second side 113 and may be plural in number. Further, the first temperature sensing element 181 and the second temperature sensing element 182 should maintain a positional relationship with each other and correspond one-to-one in number.
  • the outer surfaces of the first temperature sensing element 181 and the second temperature sensing element 182 do not exceed the first side 112 and the second The surface of the side 113.
  • the outer surface of the first temperature sensing element 181 is flush with the surface of the first side surface 181
  • the outer surface of the second temperature sensing element 182 is flush with the surface of the second side surface 113.
  • the outer surface of the first temperature sensing element 181 and/or the second temperature sensing element 182 has a surface with the first side surface 112 and/or the second side surface 113 where it is located.
  • the first temperature sensing element mounting recess 114 and the second temperature sensing element mounting recess 115 may be disposed at positions opposite to each other on the first side 112 and the second side 113.
  • an electrically insulating layer may be applied to the surfaces of the first temperature sensing element mounting recess 114 and the second temperature sensing element mounting recess 115.
  • the electrical connector 100 in addition to transmitting electrical energy, can flow through the electrical connector 100 in the flow channel without introducing a separate sensor and its test system so as not to change the flow field in which the electrical connector 100 is located.
  • the fluid is measured at a frequency of an alternating force applied to the electrical connector 100 in a direction perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow, thereby obtaining a frequency parameter of the lateral vibration induced by the alternating force of the electrical connector 100.
  • the lateral vibration is caused by the Karman vortex effect on the both sides 112, 113 of the electrical connector 100 based on the induced mechanism of the lateral vibration of the electrical connector 100 in the fluid flow path.
  • the two sides 112, 113 of the electrical connector 100 alternately vortex off, causing lateral vibration of the electrical connector 100.
  • the lateral vibration of the electrical connector 100 can be reduced by providing a spiral projection on the surface of the electrical connector 100. As shown in FIG. 9, winding a spiral 220 having a certain pitch on the electrical connector 100 can destroy the order of the vortex alternately falling off on the two sides 112, 113 of the electrical connector 100, so that the electrical connection is made.
  • the vortex on the two side faces 112, 113 of the member 100 can be simultaneously detached or alternately detached alternately, thereby suppressing lateral vibration of the electrical connector 100.
  • the pitch of the spiral 220 may be in accordance with the lateral vibration of the electrical connector 100 The frequency is adjusted.
  • the pitch of the spiral 220 is optimally designed in accordance with the maximum lateral vibration amplitude of the electrical connector 100.
  • the spiral 220 can be made of a metallic material but does not form a closed loop.
  • the spiral 220 may be made of a non-conductive material, such as a non-metallic material.
  • the spiral protrusions may also be integrally formed on the surface of the electrical connector 100.
  • a spiral projection is integrally formed on the surface of the electrical connector 100 by an immersion process.
  • the spiral protrusion should avoid the area where the at least one of the pressure tapping holes 141, 151 and 211 is disposed on the surface of the electrical connector 100, so as not to affect the flow field environment around the pressure tapping hole, thereby causing measurement error.
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of an electrical connector 400 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electrical connector 400 includes a main body portion 410 and a connecting portion 420, 430.
  • the main body portion 410 is annular.
  • One end of the connecting portion 420, 430 is connected to the annular main body portion 410, and the other end is connected to the electric heating tube 200.
  • the electrical connector 400 has the same structure as the electrical connector 100 shown in FIG. 1 and will not be described herein.
  • FIGS. 11 to 14 show the fluid state testing device of the present invention.
  • the fluid state testing device of the present invention can process signals such as pressure and temperature collected by the electrical connector 100 to obtain a fluid state.
  • FIGS. 11 to 14 respectively show processing means for processing the pressure and temperature signals collected by the electrical connector 100.
  • the fluid state testing device includes an electrical connector 100 and a first pressure measuring portion 180.
  • the first pressure measuring portion 180 is connected to the total pressure output interface 143 and the static pressure output interface 153 of the electrical connector 100 for measuring the pressure values acquired from the total pressure output interface 143 and the static pressure output interface 153.
  • the first pressure measuring portion 180 is a diaphragm type differential pressure sensor, and the diaphragm type differential pressure sensor includes two chambers separated by a diaphragm, and the two chambers respectively pass through the pressure transmitting passage and the total pressure.
  • the output interface 143 is in communication with the static pressure output interface 153.
  • the diaphragm type differential pressure sensor can The pressure difference between the total pressure and the static pressure is output, that is, the dynamic pressure.
  • the first pressure measuring portion 180 may include two pressure sensors, which are a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor, respectively, the first pressure sensor is connected to the total pressure output interface 143, and the second pressure sensor is connected to the static pressure output interface.
  • the 153 is connected to measure the total pressure and static pressure of the fluid, respectively.
  • the fluid state testing device further includes a flow rate calculating portion (not shown), and the flow rate calculating portion may calculate the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the electrical connector 100 based on the pressure difference output from the differential pressure sensor or based on the dynamic pressure and the static pressure.
  • the fluid state testing device is also capable of calculating the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the electrical connector 100 based on the flow rate.
  • the measurement of these fluid states facilitates obtaining information on the longitudinal vibration of the electrical connector 100, thereby enabling adjustment of the fluid state or designing the structure of the electrical connector 100 to adjust and improve longitudinal vibration of the electrical connector 100.
  • the fluid state testing device may further include a second pressure measuring portion 230.
  • the second pressure measuring unit 230 is connected to the total pressure output interface 143 and the back pressure output interface 213 of the electrical connector 100 for measuring the pressure difference between the total pressure output interface 143 and the back pressure output interface 213.
  • the pressure measuring structure of the second pressure measuring portion 230 is similar to the configuration in which the total pressure collecting portion 140 and the static pressure collecting portion 150 perform pressure measurement by the first pressure measuring portion 180. In FIG.
  • the second pressure measuring portion 230 is a diaphragm type differential pressure sensor, and the diaphragm type differential pressure sensor includes two chambers separated by a diaphragm, and the two chambers respectively pass through a pressure transmission passage and a total pressure output.
  • the interface 143 is in communication with the back pressure output interface 213.
  • the diaphragm type differential pressure sensor can output a pressure difference between the total pressure and the back pressure.
  • the second pressure measuring portion 230 may include two pressure sensors, a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor, respectively, the first pressure sensor is connected to the total pressure output interface 143, and the second pressure sensor is connected to the back pressure output interface.
  • the 213 is connected to measure the total pressure and back pressure of the fluid, respectively.
  • the fluid state testing device further includes a drag coefficient calculating unit 240, and the multiplier 241 of the drag coefficient calculating unit 240 generates a dynamic pressure (a difference between the total pressure and the static pressure) and a projection of the upstream surface according to the first pressure measuring unit 180.
  • the product of the area calculates the dynamic pressure
  • the multiplier 242 calculates the resistance of the electrical connector 100 based on the product of the differential pressure (the difference between the total pressure and the back pressure) obtained by the second pressure measuring portion 230 and the projected area of the upstream surface
  • the divider 243 calculates the resistance coefficient C d of the electrical connector 100 in the fluid flow path, that is, the resistance/dynamic pressure, thereby obtaining the specific thickness and width dimensions of the electrical connector 100, thereby realizing the optimal design of the characteristic dimension of the electrical connector 100.
  • the fluid state testing device may further include a frequency computing unit 190 connected to the first temperature sensing element 181 and the second temperature sensing element 182 for measuring the lateral vibration frequency of the electrical connector.
  • the frequency operation unit 190 receives the signals representing the temperature of the first temperature sensing element 181 and the second temperature sensing element 182, and calculates the frequency of the alternating force acting on the electrical connector 100 in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the fluid. That is, the lateral vibration frequency of the electrical connector 100.
  • the signals characterizing the temperature of the first temperature sensing element 181 and the second temperature sensing element 182 are directed to the frequency operation section 190 through respective sensor leads (not shown).
  • the sensor leads of the two temperature sensing elements may be passed through the lead channel formed in advance in the electrical connector 100.
  • the sensor leads are routed in slots formed in the surface of the body portion 110, the sensor leads not exceeding the surfaces of the first side 112 and the second side 113, preferably the peripheral top of the sensor leads and the first side 112 and The surface of the second side 113 is flush so that it does not affect the fluid boundary layer on the side of the electrical connector.
  • the sensor lead may be drawn from a connection surface or an end surface of one or both of the first connection portion 120 and the second connection portion 130.
  • the sensor leads of the first temperature sensing element 181 and the second temperature sensing element 182 are from the same connection, ie, the first connection The portion 120 or the second connecting portion 130 is led out.
  • the frequency calculation unit 190 is disposed outside the flow path, and the sensor lead is connected to the frequency calculation unit 190 through the flow path wall, thereby supplying the frequency calculation unit 190 with a signal indicative of the temperature.
  • the first pressure measuring portion 180 and the second pressure measuring portion 230 and other signal processing devices may also be disposed outside the flow channel wall through the corresponding lead and the total pressure collecting portion 140 on the electrical connector 100, static pressure.
  • the collecting unit 150 and the back pressure collecting unit 210 are connected.
  • Fig. 14 further shows the circuit configuration of the frequency operation unit 190 of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the frequency calculation unit 190 includes a first bridge resistor 191, a second bridge resistor 192, a constant current source 193, a power source 194, an amplifier 195, a filter 196, a flip flop 197, and a converter 198.
  • the first temperature sensing element 181, the first bridge resistor 191, the second bridge resistor 192, and the second temperature sensing element 182 are electrically connected in sequence into a bridge circuit, between the first temperature sensing element 181 and the second temperature sensing element 182.
  • the node and the node between the first bridge resistor 191 and the second bridge resistor 192 are respectively connected to the two poles of the constant current source 193, wherein the constant current source 193 is connected to the power source 194 for passing the power source 194 through the constant current source.
  • the current supplied to the bridge loop by 193 remains constant.
  • a node between the first temperature sensing element 181 and the first bridge resistor 191 and a node between the second temperature sensing element 182 and the second bridge resistor 192 are connected to the amplifier 195 via a wire for outputting a voltage signal to the amplifier 195. .
  • the first temperature sensing element 181 and the second temperature sensing element 182 have the same structure.
  • the first bridge resistor 191 and the second bridge resistor 192 may have the same resistance value and are measured using a balanced bridge such that the initial output voltage signal is zero.
  • the first bridge resistor 191 and the second bridge resistor 192 may have different resistance values, and the measurement is performed using an unbalanced bridge, that is, the voltage signal of the initial output is not zero.
  • a constant current is passed through the first temperature sensing element 181 and the second temperature sensing element 182.
  • the temperatures of the first temperature sensing element 181 and the second temperature sensing element 182 are the same such that their corresponding resistance values are equal in the bridge circuit, and the input voltage of the amplifier 195 is zero.
  • a Karman vortex occurs on the first side 112 and the second side 113 of the electrical connector 100 and induces lateral vibration perpendicular to the fluid flow direction, the first side 112 and the second side 113 are first due to the vortex falling downstream.
  • the temperature sensed by the temperature sensing element 181 and the second temperature sensing element 182 is inconsistent, and this difference in temperature causes the bridge circuit to output a voltage to the amplifier 195.
  • the voltage is processed by the filter 196, the flip-flop 197 to output a pulse signal indicative of the frequency of the alternating force acting on the side of the electrical connector 100, wherein the frequency of the pulse signal output represents the frequency at which the electrical connector 100 is laterally vibrated.
  • the flip-flop 197 can also be coupled to the transducer 198 to process the pulsed signal through the transducer 198 to output an analog signal, wherein the analog signal represents a change in intensity of the convective heat transfer of the fluid on the first side 112 and the second side 113.
  • the first temperature sensing element 181 and the second temperature sensing element 182 should use a component having a small time constant to sense the vortex shedding frequency.
  • the temperature sensing element is a thermistor that is temperature sensitive and capable of exhibiting different resistance values at different temperatures.
  • the temperature sensing element may also be a thermal resistor, a thermocouple, a fiber optic temperature sensor, or the like.
  • frequency computing portion 190 can be any device capable of measuring frequency, such as an oscilloscope.
  • the fluid heat exchange system includes a circular annular fluid flow path 300, a plurality of electric heating tubes 200 disposed in the flow path, and a plurality of electrical connectors 100 for electrically connecting the plurality of electric heating tubes 200.
  • the fluid flowing in the fluid flow path 300 may be a liquid or a gas.
  • FIG. 16 shows the structure of the electric heating tube 200.
  • the electric heating tube 200 includes a metal outer tube 201, and is arranged
  • the electric resistance wire 202 in the outer metal pipe 201 and the filler 203 filled in the outer metal pipe 201 are generally selected from crystalline magnesium oxide powder having good insulating properties and thermal conductivity.
  • a spiral fin 206 is surrounded on the outer circumference of the metal outer tube 201.
  • the electric heating tube 200 has a W shape, and the outer ends of the two ends of the metal outer tube 201 are provided with a thread.
  • the end portion passes through a connecting hole of the fixing end 301 disposed on the inner wall of the flow channel, and is fastened to the fixed end 301 by a nut.
  • the electric heating tube 201 is fixed to the inner wall of the flow path in a direction parallel to the flow direction of the fluid.
  • Two electrodes 204 are respectively disposed at both ends of the metal outer tube 201, and the outer circumference of the electrode 204 is provided with a thread for connection with the electrical connector 100.
  • FIG. 15 shows the manner in which the electrical connector 100 is connected to the electrode 204 of the electric heating tube 200.
  • the electrode 204 is fastened to the electrical connector 100 by a nut through a connecting hole 121 provided on the first connecting portion 120 of the electrical connector 100 or a connecting hole 131 on the second connecting portion 130.
  • An insulating porcelain head 205 is further disposed between the electrode 204 of the electric heating tube 200 and the end of the metal outer tube 201 for electrically isolating between the electrical connector 100 and the metal outer tube 201.
  • FIG. 17 shows the planar deployment of the electric heating tube 200 and the electrical connector 100 disposed in the flow path 300.
  • g indicates gravity downward, which coincides with the flow direction of the fluid passing through the electric heating tube 200 longitudinally, and the electric heat source electrode and its electrical connection member are located upstream of the spiral fin of the electric heating tube.
  • the six electric heating tubes 200 as electric energy loads can be phase-separated, for example, divided into phase A (i.e., U phase), phase B (i.e., phase V), and phase C (i.e., phase W).
  • the two electric heating pipes 200 are electrically connected between the A phase and the neutral line N, and are respectively connected between the power phase line A1 and the neutral line N and the power phase line A2 and the center line N.
  • Two electric heating pipes 200 are electrically connected between the B phase and the neutral line N, and are respectively connected between the power phase line B1 and the neutral line N and the power phase lines B2 and N.
  • Phase C and Two electric heating pipes 200 are electrically connected between the neutral line N, and are respectively connected between the power phase line C1 and the neutral line N and the power phase line C2 and the center line N.
  • other numbers of electric heating pipes can be electrically connected between the A phase, the B phase, the C phase, and the neutral line N.
  • the electrodes of the electric heating tube 200 are all disposed upward such that the electrical connector 100 is located upstream of the electric heating tube 200 in the direction of fluid flow.
  • the electrodes of the electric heating tube 200 are all disposed downward so that the electrical connector 100 is located downstream of the electric heating tube 200 in the fluid flow direction.
  • the width of the electrical connector is greater than the thickness of the electrical connector, and the electrical connector is on the downstream leeward side of the spiral fin of the electric heating tube.
  • the two electric heating tubes 200 are connected in parallel, that is, between the phase lines of the two electric heating tubes 200 and the intermediate lines are respectively connected by electrical connectors 100.
  • Two adjacent electrical connectors 100 are spaced apart from one another.
  • the electric heating tubes 200 in the same phase load may also be connected in series or in series and parallel using the electrical connectors 100.
  • the collection, measurement, and monitoring of fluid flow conditions can be accomplished using the electrical connector 100 and fluid state testing device of the present invention so that fluid conditions can be adjusted.
  • the pressure of the fluid flowing through a certain measurement position of the electrical connector 100 can be collected by the total pressure collecting portion 140 and the static pressure collecting portion 150 provided on the electrical connector 100, acting on the electrical connector 100 based on the fluid.
  • the dynamic pressure that is, the difference between the total pressure and the static pressure, can obtain the fluid flow rate at the measurement position.
  • the fluid flow rate is an important factor affecting the heat exchange efficiency of the electric heating tube 100 and the fluid.
  • the impact on the electrical connector 100 may be caused on the one hand, causing the vibration of the electrical connector 100 in the direction of fluid flow, causing fatigue damage of the electrode of the electric heating tube, and on the other hand, directly improving the heat loss effect on the pressure loss.
  • the resistance coefficient of the electrical connector 100 to the fluid can be obtained by the back pressure collecting portion 210 disposed on the electrical connector 100, and based on this, the feature size of the electrical connector having a rectangular cross section is optimized. Achieve reduced resistance, Reduce the effect of longitudinal vibration.
  • the electrical connector 100 and the fluid state testing device can measure and monitor the fluid flow rate, and control the fluid flow rate within a range that is advantageous for heat exchange efficiency and ensures that the electrode is not damaged.
  • the lateral vibration of the electrical connector 100 is the main cause of fatigue damage of the electrode of the electric heating tube connected thereto, and the electrical connector 100 of the embodiment of the present invention can be measured by the temperature sensing element disposed on both sides thereof.
  • the frequency of the lateral vibration of the electrical connector 100 is such that the lateral vibration frequency of the electrical connector 100 can be adjusted by controlling the flow state of the fluid to control the frequency within a range that does not adversely affect the electrode of the electric heating tube.
  • the electrical connection member 100 of the embodiment of the present invention can be used for the test method. Simulating the real environment in which the electric heating tube is located, changing the fluid transport rate by means of a speed governing device, obtaining electrical connections of different widths, thicknesses or other non-circular structures of specific dimensions. The Karman vortex street at different flow rates induces fluid flow to the vertical direction. The frequency of vibration, the law of vibration induced by fluid flow. Based on the test method, the fluid flow state, the structure of the electrical connector, and the like are pre-designed to avoid the damage of the high-frequency vibration of the electrical connector to the flow field.

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Abstract

一种电连接件（100，400），电连接件（100，400）包括主体部（110，410）、连接部（120，130，420，430）、第一感温元件（181）和第二感温元件（182），其中：连接部（120，130，420，430）使主体部（110，410）与设置在流道（300）中的带电元件电气连接；主体部（110，410）包括与流体的流动方向平行的第一侧面（112）和第二侧面（113），第一感温元件（181）和第二感温元件（182）分别以电气绝缘方式设置在第一侧面（112）和第二侧面（113）上彼此相对的位置。还公开了具有电连接件（100，400）的流体状态测试装置和流体换热系统。电连接件（100，400）、流体状态测试装置和流体换热系统能够在不影响所处流体流场的情况下实现测量和监控流体流速、测量和监控流体压力、测量和监控流体阻力、测量和监控电连接件（100，400）的横向振动频率以及抑制电连接件（100，400）的纵向振动和/或横向振动中的至少一个目的。

Description

电连接件、流体状态测试装置和流体换热系统
本申请要求于2017年01月20日提交中国专利局、申请号为201710045410.1、发明名称为“电连接件、流体状态测试装置和流体换热系统”，以及2016年12月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为201611256859.4、发明名称为“电连接件、流体状态测试装置和流体换热系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电气工程技术领域，尤其涉及一种电连接件、流体状态测试装置和流体换热系统。
背景技术
电热管(或称为金属管状电热元件)是用以将电能转化为热能的带电元件，其与传统加热相比无污染，安装方便，使用方便，价格便宜，属于环保绿色生产，因此应用广泛。能够应用于多种需要进行换热处理的设备中，例如可以将多个电热管组成换热系统，安装于硝石槽、水槽、油槽、酸碱槽、易熔金属熔化炉、空气加热炉、干燥炉、干燥箱、热压模等设备的流体通道中。
当在一个圆环形加热装备内的环形流体换热输运流道(流体通道)内安装多个电热管时，多个电热管分别与流体通道中的电热管固定端连接进行固定。而多个电热管的电极各相相互之间需要串联或并联构成多相负载产热热源，通过交流电对电热管进行供电。因此需要借助电连接件对电热管的电极进行分相联结、串联联结、并联联结，再实现与外部供电电源的连接。这时，电连接件本身除了输运电能之外，其存在流体流动通道之中，成为流体热空气流动途经的障碍物，会导致电连接件发生受迫振动，甚至 诱发电连接件与流体之间发生耦合振动(即共振现象)，使电连接件与电热管的电极之间容易出现脱落分离而造成短路故障。
目前现有技术中，在一种解决上述问题的方式中：采取回避电连接件发生振动的方式，即将若干分支电热管的引出电极上的电连接件(例如导线)直接沿着流体通道径向穿越、引出流道，在流体通道外部实现串、并联，即会导致出现较多接头、并且使装置外部导线的连接、固定工艺繁琐。而且当流道内流体是液体时，还需要对流体通道进行防止泄露的严格密封工艺操作。在另一种解决上述问题的方式中：当流体通道内的流体为液体时，电连接件不允许被向外部引出，这时必须对多个电连接件在流体通道内实现串联或并联。而当选用绝缘软导线连接作为电连接件对电热管的电极进行连接时，为了避免导线在流体中受流体压力作用发生共振现象，需将绝缘导线固定在流体通道的内壁，而当导线的绝缘层与流体通道的金属内壁之间的绝缘作用失效后，则会导致电连接件放电，而造成整个换热系统出现短路故障问题。
因此，亟需一种新的电连接件、流体状态测试装置和流体换热系统。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种电连接件、流体状态测试装置和流体换热系统，从而能够在不影响所处流体流场的情况下测量和监控流体流速。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种电连接件、流体状态测试装置和流体换热系统，从而能够在不影响所处流体流场的情况下测量和监控流体压力。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种电连接件、流体状态测试装置和流体换热系统，从而能够在不影响所处流体流场的情况下测量和监控流体阻力。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种电连接件、流体状态测试装置和流体换热系统，从而能够在不影响所处流体流场的情况下测量和监控电连接件的横向振动频率。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种电连接件、流体状态测试装置和流 体换热系统，从而能够在不影响所处流体流场的情况下抑制电连接件自身的纵向振动和/或横向振动。
本发明的一个方面提供了一种能够测量流道中的流体状态的电连接件，包括主体部、连接部、第一感温元件和第二感温元件，连接部使主体部与设置在流道中的带电元件电气连接；主体部包括与流体的流动方向平行的第一侧面和第二侧面，第一感温元件和第二感温元件分别以电气绝缘方式设置在第一侧面和第二侧面上彼此相对的位置上。
本发明的另一方面提供了一种流体状态测试装置，流体状态测试装置包括电连接件和频率运算部，电连接件包括主体部、连接部、第一感温元件和第二感温元件，主体部包括与流体的流动方向平行的第一侧面和第二侧面；连接部使主体部与设置在流道中的带电元件电气连接；第一感温元件和第二感温元件分别以电气绝缘方式设置在第一侧面和第二侧面上彼此相对的位置上；频率运算部根据第一感温元件和第二感温元件的测量值的交替变化计算流体沿与该流体的流动方向垂直的方向作用在电连接件上的交变力的频率。
本发明的另一方面提供了一种流体换热系统，流体换热系统包括供流体流过的流道；固定在流道内的带电元件，带电元件为电热元件，电热元件发热本体和位于发热本体端部的电极；以及如上所述的流体状态测试装置，电连接件与电热元件的电极相连。
本发明对电热源电极分相联结、串联联结、并联联结的电连接件的结构进行了开发、功能拓展，突破导体仅承载电能传输任务这一传统意义上的功能作用，使电连接件还具有传感、检测等多种功能，对现有技术做出重大突破。本发明不改变电热源电极的电连接件原在的流体系统中的流场；不在电热源电极的电连接件周围引入传感器及其测试系统，避免了对电热源电极的电连接件周围流场的破坏，并且能够获得以下信息中的至少一个：(1)电热源电极的电连接件受迫振动的信息；(2)电热源电极的电连接件 所处流场中流体速度的信息；(3)电热源电极的电连接件与流体之间的对流换热状况信息。
附图说明
图1是本发明的电连接件安装在流道中的状态的主视图。
图2是本发明的一个实施例的电连接件的局部示意图。
图3是本发明的另一实施例的电连接件的局部示意图。
图4是本发明的电连接件的宽厚比与阻力系数的关系示意图。
图5是本发明的一个实施例的电连接件的俯视图。
图6是本发明的另一实施例的电连接件的俯视图。
图7是本发明的另一实施例的电连接件的局部示意图。
图8是本发明的另一实施例的电连接件的横截面示意图。
图9是本发明的电连接件缠绕螺旋线的局部示意图。
图10是本发明的另一实施例的电连接件安装在流道中的状态的主视图。
图11是本发明的一个实施例的流体状态测试装置的示意图。
图12是本发明的另一实施例的流体状态测试装置的示意图。
图13是本发明的另一实施例的流体状态测试装置的示意图。
图14是图13所示流体状态测试装置中的频率运算部的电路示意图。
图15是安装有本发明的电连接件的流体换热系统的横截面示意图。
图16是安装在图15所示流体换热系统中的电热管的结构示意图。
图17是本发明的流体换热系统的电热管与电连接件的配置关系的平面展开示意图。
图18是本发明的流体换热系统的电热管与电连接件的另一配置关系的平面展开示意图。
其中：
100-电连接件；  110-主体部；    111-迎流面；
112-第一侧面；  113-第二侧面；
114-第一感温元件安装凹部；  115-第二感温元件安装凹部；
116-背流面；    120-第一连接部；   121-连接孔；
122-连接面；    123-连接面；   130-第二连接部；
131-连接孔；    132-连接面；   133-连接面；
140-总压采集部；    141-总压取压孔；    142-总压传递通道；
143-总压输出接口；  150-静压采集部；    151-静压取压孔；
152-静压传递通道；  153-静压输出接口；  160-扭转部；
170-扭转部；    180-第一压力测量部；  181-第一感温元件；
182-第二感温元件；  190-频率运算部；  191-第一电桥电阻；
192-第二电桥电阻；  193-恒流源；   194-电源；
195-放大器；        196-滤波器；   197-触发器；
198-变换器；   200-电热管；  201-金属外管；
202-电阻丝；   203-填料；    204-电极；
205-绝缘瓷头；    206-螺旋翅片；      210-背压采集部；
211-背压取压孔；  212-背压传递通道；  213-背压输出接口；
220-螺旋线；    230-第二压力测量部；
240-阻力系数运算部；   241-乘法器；   242-乘法器；
243-除法器；    300-流道；    301-固定端；
400-电连接件；  410-主体部；  420-第一连接部；
430-第二连接部。
具体实施方式
下文中，参照附图描述本发明的实施例。下面的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本发明的原理，本发明不限于所描述的优选实施例，本发明的范围由权利要求书限定。
图1至图10显示了本发明的电连接件100。电连接件100用于连接设置在流道中的带电元件，使带电元件与电源之间或者带电元件之间实现电气连接。带电元件可以是能够产生热量的电热元件，也可以是能够实现导 电功能的其他类型的带电元件。在图1所示实施例中，流体沿垂直于纸面的方向向内流动，其流动方向由内部具有箭尾的圆圈表示。下面以流体的流动方向作为参考基准，对电连接件100的结构进行描述。
图1是电连接件100安装在流道中的状态的主视图。电连接件100包括主体部110和位于主体部110的长度方向的两端的第一连接部120和第二连接部130。主体部110包括迎流面111、第一侧面112、第二侧面113和背流面116(参见图2)。迎流面111是主体部110面向流体流动方向的表面，该表面受到流道内流体的直接冲击并且产生阻碍流体流动的阻力。背流面116是主体部110背向流体流动方向的表面，该表面与迎流面110相对并且不受到流道内流体的冲击。第一侧面112和第二侧面113通常平行于流体流动方向。第一连接部120和第二连接部130分别位于主体部110的两端。第一连接部120具有连接孔121、彼此相对的连接面122、123。第二连接部130具有连接孔131、彼此相对的连接面132、133。连接孔121、131可以分别供两个带电元件的电极(参见图16)穿过，电极从连接孔穿过的部分设置有螺纹，可以利用例如螺母的紧固件将电极固定在相应的第一连接部120和第二连接部130上，从而使分别连接在电连接件100两端的两个带电元件实现电气连接。优选地，连接面122、123和/或连接面132、133为平面，有利于带电元件的电极穿过连接孔后通过紧固件进行压紧固定。
对于第一侧面112和第二侧面113而言，为了使流经第一侧面112和第二侧面113的流体的流动状态处于大致相同的条件，优选地，第一侧面 112平行于第二侧面113。在图1所示实施例中，主体部110为弧形，即第一侧面112和第二侧面113均为曲面。在其他实施例中，如图2和图3所示，第一侧面112和第二侧面113均为平面。
对于迎流面111而言，为了准确采集、测量作用在迎流面111上的流体压力，在图2所示实施例中，迎流面111为平面。优选地，迎流面111是与流体流动方向垂直的平面。在图3所示的另一实施例中，迎流面111是曲面，以减小对流体的阻力。进一步地，迎流面111上设置总压取压孔141的区域是平面。
为了减少迎流面111对流体造成的阻力，同时也为了降低流体沿流动方向作用在迎流面111上的压力，应当尽量减小迎流面111沿与流体流动方向垂直的方向，即厚度方向上的尺寸。在图1所示实施例中，迎流面111沿厚度方向上的尺寸小于主体部110沿与流体流动方向平行的方向，即宽度方向上的尺寸。也就是说，迎流面111沿厚度方向上的尺寸小于主体部110的侧面(即第一侧面112和第二侧面113)沿宽度方向上的尺寸。这样，迎流面111的迎风面积小，构成的阻力小，并且不易弯曲，相应地产生的纵向(沿着流体流向)振动也小。
另外，对于迎流面111的截面，即迎流面111在与流体流向垂直的平面上的投影截面为矩形的电连接件100而言，通过优化该矩形截面的电连接件100的特征尺寸，可以减弱电连接件100对流道中的流体的阻力，从而减弱电连接件100自身的纵向振动。如图2所示，电连接件100的宽度D为电连接件100沿与流体的流动方向平行的方向上的尺寸，厚度B为电 连接件100与流体流动方向垂直的方向上的尺寸。因此，电连接件100的宽厚比定义为D/B。电连接件100的迎流面111的压力为pw，电连接件100的背流面116的压力为pl，则电连接件100的迎流面111对流体的阻力为：
F＝(pw-pl)A
在上式中，A为电连接件100的迎流面111的投影面积，即正对流体流向的面积。
将上述阻力公式的两边同时除以0.5ρaU2A，可以得到：
Cd＝Cp,w-Cp,l
其中，ρa是流道中的流体密度，U是流道中的流体速度，Cp,w是迎流面111的压力系数，Cp,l是背流面116的压力系数，Cd为电连接件100对流体产生的压力系数，即阻力系数。
实际上，迎流面100的压力pw和压力系数Cp,w将随着迎流面100的曲面、平面位置的不同而发生变化，而背流面压力(或称基础压力)则几乎相同，原因是该区域完全处于尾流区，气流速度相对较小。图4显示了阻力系数Cd与宽厚比D/B的关系曲线，从该曲线可以看出，当宽厚比D/B为大约0.5，即宽度D大致为厚度B的一半时，阻力系数Cd达到最大，也就是说，电连接件100对流道中的流体的阻力最大，电连接件100受到的纵向冲击作用力最大，由此诱发的电连接件100的纵向振动最强；当宽厚比D/B大于0.5时，阻力系数Cd逐渐减小，当宽厚比D/B大于4时，阻力系数Cd趋向于稳定，并随着宽厚比D/B的增大，阻力系数Cd达到最小值，也就是说，电连接件100对流道中的流体的阻力最小，电连接件100受到的纵向冲击作用力最小，由此诱发的电连接件100的纵向振动最弱。
在流道中，带电元件通常沿与流体流动方向平行的方向设置，从带电元件端部伸出的电极通常也与流体的流动方向平行。为了能够在第一连接部120和第二连接部130上设置连接孔并且提高电极与电连接件100的连接牢固程度，需要增大第一连接部120的连接面122、123以及第二连接部130的连接面132、133的面积。在本实施例中，第一连接部120的连接面122、123和第二连接部130的连接面132、133沿与流体流动方向垂直的方向上的尺寸大于主体部110沿与流体流动方向垂直的方向上(即迎流面111)的尺寸。在图1或图5所示实施例中，电连接件100由大致矩形的板状部件而成，该板状部件由例如铜或铝的金属材料制成，具有良好的导电性。为了使电连接件100的第一连接部120和第二连接部130与电极204具有更大的接触表面以利于安装，主体部110和第一连接部120之间以及主体部110和第二连接部130之间分别具有扭转部160、170，扭转角度为90°。根据所要连接的带电元件电极的位置、朝向等安装条件，扭转部160、170也可以具有其他扭转角度。另外，在其他实施例中，第一连接部120和第二连接部130也可以通过例如通过成型工艺的其他方法制造而成。图6示出了本发明的另一个实施例的电连接件100的俯视图，如图所示，可替换地，第一连接部120与主体部110之间和/或第二连接部130与主体部110之间也可以不设置扭转部160、170，即，扭转角度为0°的情形。另外，第一连接部120和第二连接部130与主体部110可以为一体结构，也可以采用分体结构。
电连接件100除了传输电能之外，还能够采集、测量流道中流经该电连接件100的流体的压力、温度、速度和流量等状态参数。如图5至图7 所示，电连接件100通过设置在其上的总压采集部140、静压采集部150和背压采集部210获取流体中某个点处的压力，包括总压力、静压力、动压力和背压力，并根据上述压力计算得出流体的流速、流量、阻力系数等参数。现有技术中通过在流道中单独设置压力探测器或采样装置获取位于信号源处的压力指示数值，这种介入式检测在一定程度上会影响测量值，无法还原流道内的流体场的原本状态的情况。本发明实施例的电连接件100本身兼具采集、测量功能，未在流道中引入单独的检测装置，从而能够更准确地测量流体的状态参数。
图5和图6显示了设置在电连接件100上的总压采集部140。总压采集部140包括设置在迎流面111上的总压取压孔141、设置在第一连接部120上的总压输出接口143和设置在主体部110内以连通总压取压孔141和总压输出接口143的总压传递通道142。总压取压孔141设置在迎流面111上，迎流面111面向流道内的上风向来流方向，总压取压孔141的开口正对来流方向，用于测量流体在迎流面111上产生的总压力(或者滞止压力)。总压取压孔141为不带毛边的光滑孔，孔的形状可以是圆形、椭圆形、多边形等。当流体处于运动状态时，面向流体流动方向的迎流面111不仅受到流体的静压力的作用，也受到流体的动压力的作用，静压力与动压力共同构成作用在迎流面111上的总压。由于动压力具有方向性，即沿着流体流动方向发生作用，优选地，总压取压孔141的轴向沿着流体流动方向设置，使得总压取压孔141与流体流动方向在一条直线上，总压取压孔141的轴向与流体流动方向之间夹角的角度为零。总压取压孔141可以设置在迎流面111上的任何位置处，优选地，总压取压孔141设置在迎流 面111的大致中心位置，用于对将要流到总压取压孔141中的流体，即位于总压取压孔141位置处的上游的流体的最大流速进行测量。总压传递通道142设置在主体部110的内部，总压传递通道142的入口部与总压取压孔141连通，总压传递通道142的出口部延伸至电连接件100的第一连接部120，用于将总压输送至总压输出接口143。总压传递通道142可以直接形成在主体部110的内部。可替换地，总压传递通道142为单独的管道，埋设在电连接件100上预先形成的狭槽内，使总压传递通道142的顶面不超过迎流面111的表面，优选地，总压传递管道142的顶面与迎流面111的表面平齐。进一步地，总压传递管道142的顶面与迎流面111的表面具有相同的表面结构，例如，在包括总压传递管道142的顶面在内的整个迎流面上涂覆防腐层。可替换地，总压传递通道142为单独的管道，穿设在设置于电连接件100内的预先形成的通道中。总压输出接口143可以设置在主体部110的表面上或者连接部120、130的表面上。为了不对流场产生影响，总压输出接口143设置在第一连接部120或者第二连接部130上并且与总压传递通道142的出口部连通。如图5所示，总压输出接口143设置在第一连接部120的端面上。可替换地，总压输出接口143还可以设置在第二连接部130的端面上。可替换地，总压输出接口143可以设置在第一连接部120的连接面122或连接面123上或者第二连接部130的连接面132或连接面133上。如图6所示，总压输出接口143可以设置在第一连接部120的连接面122上。
图5和图6显示了设置在电连接件100上的静压采集部150。静压采集部150包括设置在第一侧面112上的静压取压孔151、设置在第一连接 部120上的静压输出接口153和设置在主体部110内以连通静压取压孔151和静压输出接口153的静压传递通道152。静压取压孔151设置在第一侧面112上并且设置成使流体不会在静压取压孔151中产生任何动压分力。优选地，静压取压孔151的轴向方向垂直于流体流动方向。可替换地，静压取压孔151也可以设置在第二侧面113上。静压取压孔151的数量可以为多个。在设置多个静压取压孔151的情况下，静压取压孔151可以设置在第一侧面112和第二侧面113之一或两者上。另外，静压取压孔151可以设置在第一侧面112和/或第二侧面113上的任何位置处。优选地，静压取压孔151设置在沿流体流动方向靠近总压取压孔141的位置处，例如设置在沿流体流动方向的一条直线上。优选地，静压取压孔151的轴向与总压取压孔141的轴向相互垂直相交。静压传递通道152设置在主体部110的内部，静压传递通道152的入口部与静压取压孔151连通，静压传递通道152的出口部延伸至电连接件100的第一连接部120，用于将静压输送至静压输出接口153。静压传递通道152可以直接形成在主体部110的内部。可替换地，以设置在第一侧面112上为例，静压传递通道152为单独的管道，埋设在电连接件100上预先形成的狭槽内，使静压传递通道152的顶面不超过第一侧面112的表面，优选地，静压传递管道152的顶面与第一侧面112的表面平齐。进一步地，静压传递管道152的顶面与第一侧面112的表面具有相同的表面结构，例如，在包括静压传递管道152的顶面在内的整个第一侧面上涂覆防腐层。可替换地，静压传递通道152为单独的管道，穿设在设置于电连接件100内的预先形成的通道中。静压输出接口153设置在第一连接部120或者第二连接部130上并且与静压传递通 道152的出口部连通。如图5所示，静压输出接口153设置在第一连接部120的端面上。可替换地，静压输出接口153也可以设置在第二连接部130的端面上。可替换地，静压输出接口153可以设置在第一连接部120的连接面122或连接面123或者第二连接部130的连接面132或连接面133上。如图6所示，静压输出接口153设置在第一连接部120的连接面123上。另外，静压输出接口153与总压输出接口143可以设置在相同或不同的连接部上。当静压输出接口153与总压输出接口143从同一连接部引出时，静压输出接口153与总压输出接口143可以设置在相同或不同的端部和/或连接面上。例如，静压输出接口153可以设置在连接面123上，总压输出接口143可以设置在连接面122上，反之亦然。
本发明基于皮托—静压管原理对流体作用在迎流面111上的压力进行采集和测量。总压取压孔141与总压传递通道142相互连通以构成皮托管，静压取压孔151与静压传递通道152相互连通以构成静压管，通过总压输出接口143和静压输出接口153可以得到作用在总压取压孔141处的流体动压力，即总压力与静压力之差，将流体动压代入伯努利方程即可得到总压取压孔141处的流体流速，进而可以计算得出流量。
图7显示了设置在电连接件100上的背压采集部210。如前所述，为了计算阻力系数Cd，还可以设置背压采集部210采集和测量电连接件100的背流面压力pl。背压采集部210包括设置在背流面116上的背压取压孔211、设置在连接部(未标出)上的背压输出接口213和设置在主体部(未标出)内以连通背压取压孔211和背压输出接口213的背压传递通道212。背压取压孔211设置在背流面116上，背流面116背向流道内的上风向来 流方向，背压取压孔211的开口与来流方向相反，用于采集和测量流体在背流面116上产生的背压力(或者基础压力)。背压取压孔211为不带毛边的光滑孔，孔的形状可以是圆形、椭圆形、多边形等。背压取压孔211可以设置在背流面116上的任何位置处。背压传递通道212设置在主体部的内部，背压传递通道212的入口部与背压取压孔211连通，背压传递通道212的出口部延伸至电连接件100的连接部，用于将背压输送至背压输出接口213。背压传递通道212可以直接形成在主体部的内部。可替换地，背压传递通道212为单独的管道，埋设在电连接件100上预先形成的狭槽内，使背压传递通道212的顶面不超过背流面116的表面，优选地，背压传递管道212的顶面与背流面116的表面平齐。进一步地，背压传递管道212的顶面与背流面116的表面具有相同的表面结构，例如，在包括背压传递管道212的顶面在内的整个背流面116上涂覆涂层，如防腐层。可替换地，背压传递通道212为单独的管道，穿设在设置于电连接件100内的预先形成的通道中。背压输出接口213可以设置在主体部110的表面上或者第一连接部120或第二连接部130的表面上。为了不对流场产生影响，优选地，背压输出接口213设置在第一连接部120或第二连接部130上并且与背压传递通道212的出口部连通。与总压输出接口143和静压输出接口153类似，背压输出接口213可以设置在第一连接部120或者第二连接部130的端面上。可替换地，背压输出接口213还可以设置在第一连接部120的连接面122、123或者第二连接部130的连接面132、133上。
根据本发明，电连接件100本身具有导电功能，在电连接件100所连接的带电元件通以交流电的情况下，电连接件100的横截面上的电流密度 不均匀，会产生集肤效应，电流主要集中在电连接件100的表面，电连接件100的截面中心区域的电流密度较小，甚至在传递高频率电流时几乎很小，没有应用的价值。因此，在电连接件100内部设置总压采集部140、静压采集部150和背压采集部210既节省了制造电连接件100的材料，又构成了压力(或流速)测量采样的通路，不仅不会影响电连接件100的导电性能，而且能够实现采集、测量流体流动状态的功能。
另外，电连接件100在流体中输送电能时，除了受到上述流体压力的作用导致纵向振动之外，还会与流体发生耦合振动，产生卡门涡街破坏现象。根据卡门涡街原理，如图1所示，当电连接件100处于流体中时，流经第一侧面112和第二侧面113的流体会在第一侧面112和第二侧面113的表面上发生卡门涡街现象，使得两个侧面上产生有规律的漩涡向下游脱落，发生漩涡脱落一侧的流体因回流现象产生能量损失，其流体流速低于未发生旋涡脱落的另一侧的流体的流速。根据传热学对流换热速率定量计算的牛顿冷却定律公式，对流换热速率与流体流速的0.8次方成正比，因此，在电连接件100的两个侧面上交替发生漩涡脱落时，发生漩涡脱落一侧的侧壁温度与未发生漩涡脱落一侧的侧壁温度不一致。这种温度变化的频率与流体作用在两个侧面上的交变力的频率以及由该交变力引起的电连接件100沿与流体流向垂直的方向的横向振动频率相对应，通过测量温度变化频率可以实现对电连接件的横向振动频率的测量。现有技术中通过在流道中单独设置压力探测器或采样装置获取位于信号源处可靠的压力指示数值，这种介入式检测在一定程度上会影响测量值，无法还原流道内的流体场的原本状态的情况。本发明根据卡门涡街原理对电连接件100的横向 振动频率进行测量。电连接件100通过分别设置在第一侧面112和第二侧面113上的感温元件获得两个侧面上因卡门涡街现象引起的温度变化，并根据上述温度变化计算得出作用在两个侧面上的交变力频率以及电连接件100的横向振动频率。本发明实施例的电连接件100本身兼具采集、测量温度参数的功能，未在流道中引入单独的检测装置，从而能够更准确地测量流体的状态参数。
图5和图6显示了电连接件100的第一感温元件181和第二感温元件182，第一感温元件181和第二感温元件182分别布置在电连接件100的第一侧面112和第二侧面113上，用于采集流经第一侧面112和第二侧面113上的温度。图8是电连接件100的横截面示意图，进一步显示了第一感温元件181和第二感温元件182的布置方式。在图8中，第一感温元件181和第二感温元件182分别以电气绝缘方式设置在第一侧面112和第二侧面113上彼此相对的位置，例如设置在第一侧面112和第二侧面113的中心位置。可替换地，第一感温元件181和第二感温元件182可以设置在第一侧面112和第二侧面113的任意位置并且数量可以为多个。进一步地，第一感温元件181和第二感温元件182应当保持彼此相对的位置关系并且在数量上一一对应。为了避免第一感温元件181和第二感温元件182对流经其感应表面的流体产生阻碍，第一感温元件181和第二感温元件182的外表面不超过第一侧面112和第二侧面113的表面。优选地，第一感温元件181的外表面与第一侧面181的表面平齐，并且第二感温元件182的外表面与第二侧面113的表面平齐。进一步地，第一感温元件181和/或第二感温元件182的外表面与其所在的第一侧面112和/或第二侧面113的表面具 有相同的表面结构，例如粗糙程度相同。流体流经侧面的过程中，流体边界层与第一侧面112和第二侧面113表面的接触状况不变，从而不破坏原有的流场。为了安装第一感温元件181和第二感温元件182，可以在第一侧面112和第二侧面113上彼此相对的位置设置第一感温元件安装凹部114和第二感温元件安装凹部115。为了使感温元件与电连接件100之间保持绝缘，优选地，可以在第一感温元件安装凹部114和第二感温元件安装凹部115的表面涂覆电气绝缘层。
根据本发明，电连接件100除了传输电能之外，还能够在不引入单独的传感器及其测试系统从而不改变电连接件100所处流场的情况下，对流道中流经电连接件100的流体沿与流体流动方向垂直的方向施加在电连接件100上的交变力的频率进行测量，进而获得电连接件100因交变力诱发的横向振动的频率参数。
另外，基于电连接件100在流体流道中发生横向振动的诱发机理可以知道，横向振动是流体在电连接件100的两个侧面112、113上发生卡门涡街效应引起的。当流体从电连接件100流过时，电连接件100的两个侧面112、113上会有序地发生涡旋交替脱落的现象，诱发电连接件100发生横向振动。对于电连接件100而言，可以通过在电连接件100的表面设置螺旋凸起的方式减小电连接件100的横向振动。如图9所示，在电连接件100上缠绕具有一定螺距的螺旋线220，可以破坏发生在电连接件100的两个侧面112、113上的涡旋交替脱落的有序性，使得电连接件100的两个侧面112、113上的涡旋可以同时脱落或者无规律的交替脱落，从而抑制电连接件100的横向振动。螺旋线220的螺距可以根据电连接件100的横向振动 的频率进行调整。优选地，根据电连接件100的最大横向振动振幅对螺旋线220的螺距进行优化设计。另外，螺旋线220可以由金属材料制成，但不能形成闭合回路。优选地，螺旋线220可以由非导电材料，例如非金属材料制成。可替换地，螺旋凸起还可以一体地形成在电连接件100的表面上。例如，在对电连接件100的表面涂覆涂层，例如防腐层时，通过浸渍工艺在电连接件100的表面一体地形成螺旋凸起。优选地，螺旋凸起应当避开电连接件100的表面上设置取压孔141、151和211中至少一个取压孔所在的区域，以免影响取压孔周围的流场环境，造成测量误差。
图10显示了根据本发明的另一实施例的电连接件400的示意图。电连接件400包括主体部410和连接部420、430，主体部410为环形，连接部420、430的一端与环形主体部410相连，另一端与电热管200相连。除此以外，电连接件400与图1所示电连接件100的结构相同，在此不再赘述。
图11至图14显示了本发明的流体状态测试装置。本发明的流体状态测试装置可以对电连接件100采集到的压力、温度等信号进行处理，进而得到流体状态。为清楚显示的目的，图11至图14分别对处理电连接件100所采集的压力、温度信号的处理装置等进行了显示。
如图11所示，流体状态测试装置包括电连接件100和第一压力测量部180。第一压力测量部180与电连接件100的总压输出接口143和静压输出接口153相连，用于测量从总压输出接口143和静压输出接口153获取的压力值。在本实施例中，第一压力测量部180为膜片式压差传感器，膜片式压差传感器包括由膜片隔开的两个腔室，两个腔室分别通过压力传递通道与总压输出接口143和静压输出接口153连通。该膜片式压差传感器可 以输出总压与静压的压差，即动压。可替换地，第一压力测量部180可以包括两个压力传感器，分别为第一压力传感器和第二压力传感器，第一压力传感器与总压输出接口143相连，第二压力传感器与静压输出接口153相连，从而分别测量流体的总压和静压。进一步地，流体状态测试装置还包括流速运算部(图中未显示)，流速运算部可以根据压差传感器输出的压差或者根据动压和静压计算流经电连接件100的流体的流速。进一步地，流体状态测试装置还能够根据流速计算流经电连接件100的流体的流量。这些流体状态的测量有助于获得电连接件100发生纵向振动的信息，进而能够对流体状态进行调整或者对电连接件100的结构进行设计，从而调节和改善电连接件100的纵向振动。
如图12所示，除了第一压力测量部180之外，流体状态测试装置还可以包括第二压力测量部230。第二压力测量部230与电连接件100的总压输出接口143和背压输出接口213相连，用于测量总压输出接口143与背压输出接口213之间的压差值。第二压力测量部230的压力测量结构与总压采集部140和静压采集部150通过第一压力测量部180进行压力测量的结构类似。在图12中，第二压力测量部230为膜片式压差传感器，膜片式压差传感器包括由膜片隔开的两个腔室，两个腔室分别通过压力传递通道与总压输出接口143和背压输出接口213连通。该膜片式压差传感器可以输出总压与背压的压差。可替换地，第二压力测量部230可以包括两个压力传感器，分别为第一压力传感器和第二压力传感器，第一压力传感器与总压输出接口143相连，第二压力传感器与背压输出接口213相连，从而分别测量流体的总压和背压。进一步地，流体状态测试装置还包括阻力系 数运算部240，阻力系数运算部240的乘法器241根据第一压力测量部180获得的动压(总压与静压之差)与迎流面的投影面积的乘积计算动压力，乘法器242根据第二压力测量部230获得的压差(总压与背压之差)与迎流面的投影面积的乘积计算电连接件100的阻力，最后除法器243计算得出电连接件100在流体流道中的阻力系数Cd，即阻力/动压力，进而得到电连接件100的具体的厚度和宽度尺寸，实现对电连接件100的特征尺度的优化设计。
如图13所示，流体状态测试装置还可以包括频率运算部190，频率运算部190与第一感温元件181和第二感温元件182相连，用于测量电连接件的横向振动频率。频率运算部190接收第一感温元件181和第二感温元件182的表征温度的信号，计算流体沿与该流体的流动方向垂直的方向作用在电连接件100上的交变力的频率，即电连接件100的横向振动频率。第一感温元件181和第二感温元件182的表征温度的信号通过各自的传感器引线(图中未显示)引导至频率运算部190。为了避免传感器引线对流经第一侧面112和第二侧面113上的流体产生阻碍，影响测量精度，可以将两个感温元件的传感器引线穿设在预先形成于电连接件100内部的引线通道内。可替换地，传感器引线布设在形成于主体部110表面上的狭槽中，传感器引线不超过第一侧面112和第二侧面113的表面，优选地，传感器引线的外周顶部与第一侧面112和第二侧面113的表面平齐，这样就不会对电连接件侧面的流体边界层造成影响。传感器引线可以从第一连接部120和第二连接部130之一或两者的连接面或端面引出。优选地，第一感温元件181和第二感温元件182的传感器引线从同一连接部，即第一连接 部120或第二连接部130上引出。优选地，频率运算部190设置在流道外部，传感器引线穿过流道壁连接至频率运算部190，从而给频率运算部190提供表征温度的信号。同样地，第一压力测量部180和第二压力测量部230以及其他信号处理装置也可以设置在流道壁的外部，通过相应的引线与电连接件100上的总压采集部140、静压采集部150以及背压采集部210相连。
图14进一步显示了本发明的一个实施例的频率运算部190的电路结构。频率运算部190包括第一电桥电阻191、第二电桥电阻192、恒流源193、电源194、放大器195、滤波器196、触发器197和变换器198。第一感温元件181、第一电桥电阻191、第二电桥电阻192和第二感温元件182依次电气连接成电桥回路，第一感温元件181和第二感温元件182之间的节点以及第一电桥电阻191和第二电桥电阻192之间的节点分别连接至恒流源193的两极，其中，恒流源193与电源194相连，用于使电源194通过恒流源193提供给电桥回路的电流保持恒定。第一感温元件181和第一电桥电阻191之间的节点以及第二感温元件182和第二电桥电阻192之间的节点通过导线与放大器195相连，用于向放大器195输出电压信号。第一感温元件181和第二感温元件182的结构相同。第一电桥电阻191和第二电桥电阻192可以具有相同的阻值，采用平衡电桥进行测量，使得初始输出的电压信号为零。可替换地，第一电桥电阻191和第二电桥电阻192可以具有不同的阻值，采用不平衡电桥进行测量，即初始输出的电压信号不为零。第一感温元件181和第二感温元件182中通以恒定电流。当电连接件100的第一侧面112和第二侧面113上未发生卡门涡街并诱发与流体 流向垂直的横向振动时，第一感温元件181和第二感温元件182的温度相同，使得其在电桥回路中对应的电阻值相等，放大器195的输入电压为零。当电连接件100的第一侧面112和第二侧面113上发生卡门涡街并诱发与流体流向垂直的横向振动时，由于漩涡向下游脱落导致第一侧面112和第二侧面113上的第一感温元件181和第二感温元件182感应到的温度不一致，这种温度上的差异导致电桥回路向放大器195输出电压。该电压经过滤波器196、触发器197处理输出表征作用在电连接件100的侧面上的交变力频率的脉冲信号，其中，脉冲信号输出的频率代表了电连接件100发生横向振动的频率。触发器197还可以与变换器198相连，将脉冲信号经过变换器198处理输出模拟信号，其中，模拟信号表示了流体在第一侧面112和第二侧面113上发生对流换热的强度变化。优选地，第一感温元件181和第二感温元件182应当选用时间常数小的元件，以便对旋涡脱落频率进行感应。优选地，感温元件为热敏电阻，其对温度敏感，能够在不同的温度下表现出不同的电阻值。可替换地，感温元件也可以是热电阻、热电偶、光纤温度传感器等。在其他实施例中，频率运算部190可以是能够测量频率的任何装置，例如示波器。
图15至图18显示了安装有电连接件100的流体换热系统，其中，带电元件为能够产生热量的电热元件，在本实施例中为电热管200。如图15所示，流体换热系统包括圆环形流体流道300、布置在流道中的多个电热管200以及用于电气连接多个电热管200的多个电连接件100。在流体流道300中流动的流体可以是液体或气体。
图16显示了电热管200的结构。电热管200包括金属外管201、布置 在金属外管201中的电阻丝202、填充在金属外管201内部的填料203，填料通常选用绝缘性能和导热性能良好的结晶氧化镁粉。为了增强金属外管201的散热作用，在金属外管201的外周环绕有螺旋翅片206。电热管200呈W形状，金属外管201的两个端部外周设有螺纹，该端部穿过设置于流道内壁上的固定端301的连接孔，通过螺母紧固在固定端301上，使得电热管201沿与流体流动方向平行的方向固定在流道内壁上。两个电极204分别设置在金属外管201的两个端部，电极204的外周设有螺纹，用于与电连接件100连接。
图15显示了电连接件100与电热管200的电极204的连接方式。电极204穿过设置于电连接件100的第一连接部120上的连接孔121或第二连接部130上的连接孔131，通过螺母紧固在电连接件100上。在电热管200的电极204和金属外管201的端部之间还设置有绝缘瓷头205，用于实现电连接件100与金属外管201之间的电气隔离。
图17显示了布置在流道300中的电热管200与电连接件100的平面展开。图中g表示重力向下，与纵向穿越电热管200的流体流向一致，电热源电极及其电连接件处于电热管螺旋翅片的上游。如图所示，以六个电热管200为例，六个电热管200沿圆周方向均匀布置在流体流道300中。在流体换热系统中，可以对作为电能负载的六个电热管200进行分相供电，例如分为A相(即U相)、B相(即V相)、C相(即W相)。如图所示，A相与中线N之间电气接入两个电热管200，分别接在电源相线A1与中线N和电源相线A2与中线N之间。B相与中线N之间电气接入两个电热管200，分别接在电源相线B1与中线N和电源相线B2与N之间。C相与 中线N之间电气接入两个电热管200，分别接在电源相线C1与中线N和电源相线C2与中线N之间。可替换地，A相、B相、C相与中线N之间可以电气接入其他数量的电热管。另外，除了三相供电之外，还可以采取其它分相供电方式。电热管200的电极均朝上布置，使得电连接件100相对于电热管200位于沿流体流动方向的上游。可替换地，如图18所示，电热管200的电极均朝下布置，使得电连接件100相对于电热管200位于沿流体流动方向的下游。电连接件宽度大于电连接件厚度，电连接件处于电热管螺旋翅片的下游背风面。以图17中的U相负载为例，两个电热管200采用并联方式，即两个电热管200的相线之间、中线之间采用电连接件100分别连接。相邻两个电连接件100彼此隔开。可替换地，同一相负载中的电热管200还可以利用电连接件100进行串联或者串并联。
利用本发明的电连接件100和流体状态测试装置可以实现对流体流动状态的采集、测量和监控，从而可以对流体状态进行调节。一方面，通过设置在电连接件100上的总压采集部140和静压采集部150可以收集流经电连接件100的某一测量位置的流体的压力，基于流体作用在电连接件100上的动压，即总压与静压之差，可以获取该测量位置处的流体流速。在流体换热系统中，流体流速是影响电热管100与流体的换热效率的一个重要因素。流速过快一方面会造成对电连接件100的冲击，引起电连接件100沿流体流动方向的振动，引起电热管电极的疲劳破坏，另一方面对提高压力损失，均会直接降低换热效果。另一方面，通过设置在电连接件100上的背压采集部210可以获得电连接件100对流体的阻力系数，并以此为基础对具有矩形截面的电连接件的特征尺寸进行优化设计，实现减小阻力、 降低纵向振动的效果。
根据本发明的电连接件100和流体状态测试装置可以对流体流速进行测量和监控，将流体流速控制在有利于换热效率和确保电极不受损坏的范围内。例如，电连接件100的横向振动是引起连接在其上的电热管的电极发生疲劳破坏的主要原因，本发明实施例的电连接件100通过设置在其两个侧面上的感温元件可以测量电连接件100发生横向振动的频率，从而可以通过控制流体的流动状态调节电连接件100的横向振动频率，将频率控制在不会对电热管电极产生不利影响的范围之内。另外，由于这种振动频率的获得可以对电极绝缘瓷头以及引出电极与外壳之间的绝缘固定方式提供有价值的疲劳试验依据，可以利用本发明实施例的电连接件100进行试验方法，通过模拟电热管所处的真实环境，借助调速装置改变流体输运速率，获得不同宽度、厚度或其他非圆结构的特定尺度的电连接件在不同流速下发生卡门涡街引发流体流向垂直的横向振动的频率，获得流体流动诱发振动的规律。基于该试验方法对流体流动状态、电连接件的结构等进行预先设计，避免电连接件高频振动对流场的破坏作用。
尽管已经参考示例性实施例描述了本发明，但是应理解，本发明并不限于上述实施例的构造和方法。相反，本发明意在覆盖各种修改例和等同配置。另外，尽管在各种示例性结合体和构造中示出了所公开发明的各种元件和方法步骤，但是包括更多、更少的元件或方法的其它组合也落在本发明的范围之内。

Claims (51)

  1. 一种能够测量流道中的流体状态的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，包括主体部(110,410)、连接部(120,130,420,430)、第一感温元件(181)和第二感温元件(182)，其中：
    所述连接部(120,130,420,430)使所述主体部(110,410)与设置在所述流道中的带电元件电气连接；
    所述主体部(110,410)包括与所述流体的流动方向平行的第一侧面(112)和第二侧面(113)，所述第一感温元件(181)和所述第二感温元件(182)分别以电气绝缘方式设置在所述第一侧面(112)和所述第二侧面(113)上彼此相对的位置上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述第一感温元件(181)的外表面与所述第一侧面(112)平齐，并且所述第二感温元件(182)的外表面与所述第二侧面(113)平齐；所述第一感温元件(181)的外表面与所述第一侧面(112)的表面结构相同，并且所述第二感温元件(182)的外表面与所述第二侧面(113)的表面结构相同。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述第一侧面(112)和所述第二侧面(113)上分别设置有第一感温元件安装凹部(114)和第二感温元件安装凹部(115)；所述第一感温元件安装凹部(114)和所述第二感温元件安装凹部(115)的表面具有电气绝缘层。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述第一侧面(112)和所述第二侧面(113)彼此平行。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述第一侧面(112)和所述第二侧面(113)为平面或曲面。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述主体部(110,410)沿与所述流体的流动方向平行的方向上的尺寸大于所述主体部(110,410)沿与所述流体的流动方向垂直的方向上的尺寸。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述主体部(110,410)的垂直于所述流体的流动方向的截面为矩形，并且所述主体 部(110,410)的宽厚比大于4。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述连接部(120,130,420,430)沿与所述流体的流动方向垂直的方向上的尺寸大于所述主体部(110,410)沿与所述流体的流动方向垂直的方向上的尺寸。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述连接部(120,130,420,430)位于所述主体部(110,410)的端部，并且在所述连接部(120,130,420,430)与所述主体部(110,410)之间具有扭转部(160,170)，以使所述连接部(120,130,420,430)相对于所述主体部(110,410)扭转一定角度。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述连接部(120,130,420,430)相对于所述主体部(110,410)扭转90度。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，还包括总压采集部(140)和静压采集部(150)，所述总压采集部(140)包括设置在所述主体部(110,410)的朝向所述流体的流动方向的第一部位上的总压取压孔(141)；并且所述静压采集部(150)包括设置在所述第一侧面(112)和所述第二侧面(113)中的至少一者上的静压取压孔(151)。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述主体部(110,410)包括朝向所述流体的流动方向的迎流面(111)，所述第一部位位于所述迎流面(111)上。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述迎流面(111)为平面或曲面。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述第一部位所在的表面与所述流体的流动方向垂直。
  15. 根据权利要求11所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述总压取压孔(141)的轴线方向与所述流体的流动方向平行。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述总压取压孔(141)的轴线方向与所述静压取压孔(151)的轴线方向垂直相交。
  17. 根据权利要求12所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述总 压取压孔(141)设置在所述迎流面(111)的中心位置。
  18. 根据权利要求11所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述总压采集部(140)还包括总压输出接口(143)和总压传递通道(142)，所述总压输出接口(143)设置在所述主体部(110,410)和所述连接部(120,130,420,430)中的一者上；所述总压传递通道(142)设置在所述主体部(110,410)和/或所述连接部(120,130,420,430)内以连通所述总压取压孔(141)和所述总压输出接口(143)。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述总压输出接口(143)设置在所述连接部(120,130,420,430)的表面。
  20. 根据权利要求11所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述静压采集部(150)还包括静压输出接口(153)和静压传递通道(152)，所述静压输出接口(153)设置在所述主体部(110,410)和所述连接部(120,130,420,430)中的一者上；所述静压传递通道(152)设置在所述主体部(110,410)和/或所述连接部(120,130,420,430)内以连通所述静压取压孔(151)和所述静压输出接口(153)。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述静压输出接口(153)设置在所述连接部(120,130,420,430)的表面。
  22. 根据权利要求11所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，还包括背压采集部(210)，所述背压采集部(210)包括设置在所述主体部(110,410)的背向所述流体的流动方向的第二部位上的背压取压孔(211)。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述主体部(110,410)包括背向所述流体的流动方向的背流面(116)，所述第二部位位于所述背流面(116)上。
  24. 根据权利要求22所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述背压采集部(210)还包括背压输出接口(213)和背压传递通道(212)，所述背压输出接口(213)设置在所述主体部(110,410)和所述连接部(120,130,420,430)中的一者上；所述背压传递通道(152)设置在所述主体部(110,410)和/或所述连接部(120,130,420,430)内以连通所述背压取压孔(211)和所述背压输出接口(213)。
  25. 根据权利要求1所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述主体部(110,410)的外表面上设置有螺旋凸起。
  26. 根据权利要求22所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述主体部(110,410)的外表面上设置有螺旋凸起。
  27. 根据权利要求25或26所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述螺旋凸起为缠绕在所述主体部(110,410)的外表面上的螺旋线(220)，或，所述螺旋凸起由涂覆在所述主体部(110,410)的外表面上的涂层一体形成。
  28. 根据权利要求26所述的电连接件(100,400)，其特征在于，所述螺旋凸起远离所述总压取压孔(141)、所述静压取压孔(151)和所述背压取压孔(211)中至少一者所处的区域。
  29. 一种流体状态测试装置，其特征在于，包括：
    电连接件(100,400)，所述电连接件(100,400)包括：
    主体部(110,410)，所述主体部(110,410)包括与所述流体的流动方向平行的第一侧面(112)和第二侧面(113)；
    连接部(120,130,420,430)，所述连接部(120,130,420,430)使所述主体部(110,410)与设置在流道中的带电元件电气连接；
    第一感温元件(181)和第二感温元件(182)，所述第一感温元件(181)和所述第二感温元件(182)分别以电气绝缘方式设置在所述第一侧面(112)和所述第二侧面(113)上彼此相对的位置上；以及
    频率运算部(190)，所述频率运算部(190)根据所述第一感温元件(181)和所述第二感温元件(182)的测量值的交替变化计算所述流体沿与该流体的流动方向垂直的方向作用在所述电连接件(100,400)上的交变力的频率。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的流体状态测试装置，其特征在于，所述频率运算部(190)为示波器。
  31. 根据权利要求29所述的流体状态测试装置，其特征在于，所述频率运算部(190)包括第一电桥电阻(191)、第二电桥电阻(192)、直流电源和运算电路，所述第一感温元件(181)、所述第一电桥电阻(191)、所述第二电桥电阻(192)和所述第二感温元件(182)依次电气连接成回路， 所述第一感温元件(181)和所述第二感温元件(182)之间的节点以及所述第一电桥电阻(191)和所述第二电桥电阻(192)之间的节点分别连接至直流电源的两极，所述运算电路根据所述第一感温元件(181)和所述第一电桥电阻(191)之间的节点以及所述第二感温元件(182)和所述第二电桥电阻(192)之间的节点之间的输出电压的交替变化计算所述交变力的频率。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的流体状态测试装置，其特征在于，所述运算电路包括依次连接的放大器(195)、滤波器(196)和触发器(197)，所述输出电压输出至所述放大器(195)，所述触发器(197)输出表征所述交变力的频率的脉冲信号。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的流体状态测试装置，其特征在于，所述运算电路还包括与所述触发器(197)的输出端相连的变换器(198)，以使所述变换器(198)输出表征所述交变力的频率的模拟信号。
  34. 根据权利要求29所述的流体状态测试装置，其特征在于，所述电连接件(100,400)还包括总压采集部(140)和静压采集部(150)，所述总压采集部(140)包括设置在所述主体部(110,410)的朝向所述流体的流动方向的第一部位上的总压取压孔(141)；并且所述静压采集部(150)包括设置在所述第一侧面(112)和所述第二侧面(113)中的至少一者上的静压取压孔(151)。
  35. 根据权利要求34所述的流体状态测试装置，其特征在于，还包括第一压力测量部(180)，所述第一压力测量部(180)分别与所述总压取压孔(141)和所述静压取压孔(151)相连以测量流体压力状态。
  36. 根据权利要求35所述的流体状态测试装置，其特征在于，所述主体部(110,410)包括朝向所述流体的流动方向的迎流面(111)，所述第一部位位于所述迎流面(111)上。
  37. 根据权利要求29所述的流体状态测试装置，其特征在于，所述主体部(110,410)沿与所述流体的流动方向平行的方向上的尺寸大于所述主体部(110,410)沿与所述流体的流动方向垂直的方向上的尺寸。
  38. 根据权利要求37所述的流体状态测试装置，其特征在于，所述主 体部(110,410)的垂直于所述流体的流动方向的截面为矩形，并且所述主体部(110,410)的宽厚比大于4。
  39. 根据权利要求29所述的流体状态测试装置，其特征在于，所述连接部(120,130,420,430)位于所述主体部(110,410)的端部，并且在所述连接部(120,130,420,430)与所述主体部(110,410)之间具有扭转部(160,170)，以使所述连接部(120,130,420,430)相对于所述主体部(110,410)扭转一定角度。
  40. 根据权利要求34所述的流体状态测试装置，其特征在于，所述总压取压孔(141)的轴线方向与所述流体的流动方向平行。
  41. 根据权利要求40所述的流体状态测试装置，其特征在于，所述总压取压孔(141)的轴线方向与所述静压取压孔(151)的轴线方向垂直相交。
  42. 根据权利要求34所述的流体状态测试装置，其特征在于，所述总压采集部(140)还包括总压输出接口(143)和总压传递通道(142)，所述总压输出接口(143)设置在所述主体部(110,410)和所述连接部(120,130,420,430)中的一者上；所述总压传递通道(142)设置在所述主体部(110,410)和/或所述连接部(120,130,420,430)内以连通所述总压取压孔(141)和所述总压输出接口(143)。
  43. 根据权利要求34所述的流体状态测试装置，其特征在于，所述静压采集部(150)还包括静压输出接口(153)和静压传递通道(152)，所述静压输出接口(153)设置在所述主体部(110,410)和所述连接部(120,130,420,430)中的一者上；所述静压传递通道(152)设置在所述主体部(110,410)和/或所述连接部(120,130,420,430)内以连通所述静压取压孔(151)和所述静压输出接口(153)。
  44. 根据权利要求35所述的流体状态测试装置，其特征在于，所述第一压力测量部(180)包括第一压力传感器和第二压力传感器，所述第一压力传感器与所述总压输出接口(143)相连，所述第二压力传感器与所述静压输出接口(153)相连。
  45. 根据权利要求35所述的流体状态测试装置，其特征在于，所述第 一压力测量部(180)包括压力传递通道和压差传感器，所述压差传感器通过所述压力传递通道分别与所述总压输出接口(143)和所述静压输出接口(153)连通。
  46. 根据权利要求35所述的流体状态测试装置，其特征在于，还包括流速运算部，所述流速运算部根据所述第一压力测量部(180)获得的所述总压取压孔(141)处的流体动压计算位于所述电连接件(100,400)上游的流体的流速。
  47. 根据权利要求34所述的流体状态测试装置，其特征在于，所述电连接件(100,400)还包括背压采集部(210)，所述背压采集部(210)包括设置在所述主体部(110,410)的背向所述流体的流动方向的第二部位上的背压取压孔(211)。
  48. 根据权利要求47所述的流体状态测试装置，其特征在于，所述背压采集部(210)还包括背压输出接口(213)和背压传递通道(212)，所述背压输出接口(213)设置在所述主体部(110,410)和所述连接部(120,130,420,430)中的一者上；所述背压传递通道(152)设置在所述主体部(110,410)和/或所述连接部(120,130,420,430)内以连通所述背压取压孔(211)和所述背压输出接口(213)。
  49. 根据权利要求47所述的流体状态测试装置，其特征在于，还包括第二压力测量部(230)，所述第二压力测量部(230)分别与所述总压取压孔(141)和所述背压取压孔(211)相连以测量流体压力状态。
  50. 一种流体换热系统，其特征在于，包括：
    供流体流过的流道(300)；
    固定在所述流道内的带电元件，所述带电元件为电热元件，所述电热元件包括发热本体和位于所述发热本体端部的电极(204)；以及
    如权利要求29-49中任一项所述的流体状态测试装置，所述电连接件(100,400)与所述电热元件的电极(204)相连。
  51. 根据权利要求50所述的流体换热系统，其特征在于，所述电热元件为电热管(200)。
PCT/CN2017/091931 2016-12-30 2017-07-06 电连接件、流体状态测试装置和流体换热系统 WO2018120733A1 (zh)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997025594A1 (en) * 1996-01-13 1997-07-17 Expro North Sea Limited Improved flow monitoring apparatus
DE102007044079A1 (de) * 2007-09-14 2009-04-16 Continental Automotive Gmbh Durchflusssensor
CN201688140U (zh) * 2009-10-31 2010-12-29 中国石油大学(北京) 输油管道油温记录装置
WO2016037750A1 (de) * 2014-09-08 2016-03-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Sensoranordnung zur bestimmung wenigstens eines parameters eines durch einen messkanal strömenden fluiden mediums

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997025594A1 (en) * 1996-01-13 1997-07-17 Expro North Sea Limited Improved flow monitoring apparatus
DE102007044079A1 (de) * 2007-09-14 2009-04-16 Continental Automotive Gmbh Durchflusssensor
CN201688140U (zh) * 2009-10-31 2010-12-29 中国石油大学(北京) 输油管道油温记录装置
WO2016037750A1 (de) * 2014-09-08 2016-03-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Sensoranordnung zur bestimmung wenigstens eines parameters eines durch einen messkanal strömenden fluiden mediums

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