WO2018113269A1 - 电池均衡方法 - Google Patents

电池均衡方法 Download PDF

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WO2018113269A1
WO2018113269A1 PCT/CN2017/092320 CN2017092320W WO2018113269A1 WO 2018113269 A1 WO2018113269 A1 WO 2018113269A1 CN 2017092320 W CN2017092320 W CN 2017092320W WO 2018113269 A1 WO2018113269 A1 WO 2018113269A1
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battery
equalization
cell
time
individual
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French (fr)
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杜吉鸣
成勇
赵昂
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/52—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially for charge balancing, e.g. equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/54—Passive balancing, e.g. using resistors or parallel MOSFETs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to the field of batteries, and more particularly to a battery equalization method.
  • the battery equalization mainly adopts the voltage difference equalization method, but the voltage difference equalization method has higher requirements on the single-chip microcomputer in the battery management system, and the single-chip microcomputer needs to measure and calculate the voltage of all the batteries at all times, and compares with the target voltage.
  • the single-chip microcomputer needs to measure and calculate the voltage of all the batteries at all times, and compares with the target voltage.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a battery equalization method which is simple, easy to implement, and has a small amount of measurement calculation.
  • the present invention provides a battery equalization method comprising the following steps:
  • Step one measuring the open circuit voltage OCV cell of each individual battery
  • Step 2 obtaining a state of charge SOC cell of each individual battery by an open circuit voltage OCV cell of each individual battery;
  • Step three calculating a difference ⁇ SOC between the state of charge SOC cell of each individual battery and the minimum value SOC min of all single battery state of charge SOC cell ;
  • Step four determining whether it needs to be equalized according to the ⁇ SOC of each individual battery
  • Step 5 calculating the required equalization time T according to the ⁇ SOC of each individual battery that needs to be equalized in step four;
  • Step six preset equalization time T 1 for each individual battery discharge, when the individual cell equalization time T greater than a predetermined time T 1, the single battery discharge time T 1, or a single battery discharge time T.
  • the step 4 is based on determining that if the ⁇ SOC of the single battery is greater than the preset state of charge threshold, it is determined that it needs to be equalized, otherwise it is determined that it does not need to be equalized.
  • the step 5 is specifically: calculating the corresponding capacity difference ⁇ CAP according to the ⁇ SOC of each individual battery that needs to be equalized, and calculating the required equalization time T according to the capacity difference ⁇ CAP,
  • the capacity difference ⁇ CAP of the single battery is the difference between the remaining capacity of the single battery and the remaining capacity of the single battery corresponding to the SOC min .
  • the rated capacity and SOH are known battery health.
  • the step 1 and the step 2 further include determining whether the open circuit voltage OCV cell of each individual battery is within a preset linear voltage range, and the open circuit voltage OCV cell is at a preset linear voltage.
  • single cell within the scope proceeds to step II; open circuit voltage OCV cell battery is not in a predetermined single linear voltage range in the time-on T -T 1 T as its required equalization time and transferred into step six, in its upper T Equilibrium time in the previous cycle.
  • preset equalization time T 1 stops after the discharge of all the battery, and determines the time equalization circuit is in a static state is larger than a preset The rest time T 2 , if yes, proceeds to step one and starts the next cycle, if otherwise continues to remain in a stationary state.
  • the criterion that the equalization circuit is in the resting state is that the discharge circuit current is less than the preset resting current threshold.
  • said step six preset equalizer at time T 1 for each individual discharge cells, a discharge circuit is also simultaneously detected in normal working condition.
  • the battery equalization method of the present invention has at least the following technical effects:
  • the state of charge of the battery is obtained by the open circuit voltage of the battery, and the equalization time required by the battery is obtained in combination with other parameters, thereby reducing the measurement and operation overhead of the battery equalization, reducing the calculation amount of the single chip microcomputer, and improving the battery equalization system. effectiveness.
  • the stop equalization phase is set up so that the battery equalization can be cycled without manual intervention, thereby realizing the automation of the battery balance and ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the battery equalization system.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a battery equalization method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of one embodiment of a battery equalization method of the present invention.
  • the battery equalization method of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step 101 measuring an open circuit voltage OCV cell of each individual battery
  • Step 103 obtaining a state of charge SOC cell of each individual battery by an open circuit voltage OCV cell of each individual battery;
  • Step 107 judging whether it needs to be equalized according to the ⁇ SOC of each individual battery; the judgment is based on: if the ⁇ SOC of the single battery is greater than the preset state of charge threshold, it is determined that it needs to be equalized, otherwise it is determined that it does not need to be equalized;
  • Step 111 the preset equalization time T 1 for each individual battery discharge, when the individual cell equalization time T greater than a predetermined time T 1, the single battery discharge time T 1, or a single battery discharge time T;
  • Step 113 after a preset time T 1 the end of the equalization of all battery discharge is stopped, and determines the time equalization circuit is in a static state is greater than a predetermined standing time T 2, if the process proceeds to step 101 to start a next cycle, If it continues to remain in a static state, the criterion for the equalization circuit to be in a resting state is that the discharge circuit current is less than the preset resting current threshold.
  • the following is an embodiment of the battery equalization method of the present invention.
  • the battery management system in the hybrid car is used to battery the 48V battery pack.
  • the process of equilibrium is divided into four stages: determining initial conditions, calculating equilibrium time, taking equalization measures, and stopping equilibrium. Among them, the three stages of calculating equilibrium time, taking equalization measures, and stopping equilibrium are cyclically performed according to conditions.
  • the initial conditions include that the state of charge SOC of the battery pack is greater than 35%, the hybrid vehicle is not in the driving state, the battery balancing function of the battery management system is not disabled, and the relevant data of all the batteries in the battery pack have been acquired.
  • the calculation equalization time phase is entered.
  • the preset query form is a basic physical characteristic parameter table of the battery cell, which is obtained by combining experimental data with theoretical calculation.
  • the state of charge SOC cell corresponding to the open circuit voltage OCV cell is found through a preset query table, and the equalization time required by the battery is calculated according to the state of charge SOC cell . Then enter the stage of taking the equilibrium measure.
  • the calculation process of calculating the equalization time required for the battery according to the state of charge SOC cell is as follows.
  • the threshold of the preset state of charge in this embodiment is preferably 5%. If yes, the battery needs to be equalized, otherwise the battery does not need to be equalized.
  • the role of the preset state of charge threshold is to avoid the error in the lookup table data and detection.
  • T the equalization time required for the battery to be balanced.
  • the size of I can be set according to the condition of the battery and battery management system.
  • T 1 is the preset equalization time in the equalization measure phase.
  • the equalization measure phase is adopted to discharge the battery that needs to be equalized within the preset equalization time T 1 .
  • the preset equalization time T 1 is preferably 1 hour. If the battery equalization time T is greater than the preset equalization time T 1 , the battery discharge time T 1 , otherwise the battery discharge time T.
  • Such equalization can accurately control the time required for the battery, and all batteries in the equalization stages are used in defining the time within a preset equalization time T 1, preventing equalization prolonged large amount of heat accumulated in the equalization circuit.
  • it is also detected whether the discharge circuit is in a normal working state.
  • the detection mode may be a differential pressure method for detecting the voltage across the equalization resistor, detecting a drop tendency of the voltage across the battery, and detecting the heat when the equalization resistor is operated. , Hall current detection method, etc.
  • Stop the equalization phase stop discharging all the batteries, determine whether the equalization circuit of the battery management system is in a resting state, and if the discharge circuit current is less than the preset resting current threshold, determine that the equalization circuit is in a resting state, in this embodiment It is preferable to set the standing current threshold to be 1A.
  • the equalization circuit When the equalization circuit is in the resting state, it is judged whether the time in which the equalization circuit is in the resting state exceeds the preset time T 2 or not .
  • the preset rest time T 2 is preferably 2 hours. If the time when the equalization circuit is in the resting state exceeds the preset rest time T 2 , the next cycle is started, and the calculation equalization time phase is entered.
  • stopping the equalization phase to stop equalization of all the batteries is based on the idea that, considering the characteristics of the passive discharge circuit, a large amount of heat accumulation occurs during the equalization process, so the equalization circuit needs to be turned off after a long time of operation, so as to facilitate The dissipation of heat also effectively reduces the polarization effect caused by the continuous discharge of the battery. Therefore, the implementation of the stop equalization phase ensures that the battery equalization method of the present invention can be cycled without manual intervention to achieve battery balancing automation.
  • the batteries of the present invention are both relative to the prior art.
  • the beneficial technical effects of the method include, but are not limited to:
  • the state of charge of the battery is obtained by the open circuit voltage of the battery, and the equalization time required by the battery is obtained in combination with other parameters, thereby reducing the measurement and operation overhead of the battery equalization, reducing the calculation amount of the single chip microcomputer, and improving the battery equalization system. effectiveness.
  • the stop equalization phase is set up so that the battery equalization can be cycled without manual intervention, thereby realizing the automation of the battery balance and ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the battery equalization system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池均衡方法，其包括：测量各单个电池的开路电压（101）；由各单个电池的开路电压得到各单个电池的荷电状态（103）；计算各单个电池的荷电状态与所有单个电池荷电状态中的最小值之差ΔSOC（105）；根据各单个电池的ΔSOC判断其是否需要均衡（107）；根据需要均衡的各单个电池的ΔSOC计算其所需要的均衡时间（109）；根据均衡时间对相应的各单个电池采取均衡措施。与现有技术相比，该电池均衡方法减少了电池均衡时的测量和运算开销，提高了电池均衡系统的效率，实现了电池均衡的自动化，保证电池均衡系统安全可靠运行。

Description

电池均衡方法 技术领域
本发明属于电池领域，更具体地说，本发明涉及一种电池均衡方法。
背景技术
由于电池能量和端电压的限制，实际应用中通常需要采用多个电池进行串、并联组合来达到较高的电压和较大的能量。而由于电池特性的高度非线性，同时电池组中众多电池之间存在制造工艺、材质、使用环境、接线方式等差异，单个电池之间存在容量、端电压和内阻的不一致在所难免；在长期的充放电过程中，单个电池之间不一致性的加剧，会导致整组电池容量的快速衰减，甚至会导致个别电池因过充电和过放电而损坏。因此在电池的串并联使用中，需要对一起使用的各单个电池进行均衡。
目前，电池均衡主要采用电压差均衡法，但电压差均衡法对电池管理系统中的单片机要求较高，单片机需要时刻测量和计算所有电池的电压，并与目标电压做比较。当所有采样电路满负荷运行时，开启电池均衡会增加单片机的运算负载，单片机开销大，无法在下电时自动均衡。
有鉴于此，确有必要提供一种能够解决上述问题的电池均衡方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：克服现有技术的不足，提供一种简单、易于实现、测量运算量小的电池均衡方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种电池均衡方法，其包括以下步骤：
步骤一，测量各单个电池的开路电压OCVcell；
步骤二，由各单个电池的开路电压OCVcell得到各单个电池的荷电状态 SOCcell；
步骤三，计算各单个电池的荷电状态SOCcell与所有单个电池荷电状态SOCcell中的最小值SOCmin之差ΔSOC；
步骤四，根据各单个电池的ΔSOC判断其是否需要均衡；
步骤五，根据步骤四中需要均衡的各单个电池的ΔSOC计算其所需要的均衡时间T；
步骤六，在预设均衡时间T1内对各单个电池放电，若单个电池的均衡时间T大于预设均衡时间T1，则对单个电池放电时间T1，否则对单个电池放电时间T。
作为本发明电池均衡方法的一种改进，所述步骤四的判断依据为，若单个电池的ΔSOC大于预设荷电状态门限，则判断其需要均衡，否则判断其不需要均衡。
作为本发明电池均衡方法的一种改进，所述步骤五具体为，根据需要均衡的各单个电池的ΔSOC计算其相应的容量差ΔCAP，再根据其容量差ΔCAP计算其所需要的均衡时间T，其中，单个电池的容量差ΔCAP为单个电池的剩余容量与所述SOCmin所对应的单个电池的剩余容量之差。
作为本发明电池均衡方法的一种改进，所述步骤五根据需要均衡的各单个电池的ΔSOC计算其相应的容量差ΔCAP的公式为ΔCAP＝CAP*SOH*ΔSOC，其中，CAP为已知的电池额定容量、SOH为已知的电池健康度。
作为本发明电池均衡方法的一种改进，所述均衡时间T的计算公式为T＝ΔCAP/I，其中，I为预设的均衡电流。
作为本发明电池均衡方法的一种改进，所述步骤一和步骤二之间还包括，判断各单个电池的开路电压OCVcell是否在预设线性电压范围内，开路电压OCVcell在预设线性电压范围内的单个电池进入步骤二；开路电压OCVcell不在预设线性电压范围内的单个电池则以时间T上-T1作为其所需要的均衡时间T并转 入步骤六，T上为其在上一循环中的均衡时间。
作为本发明电池均衡方法的一种改进，所述步骤六之后还包括步骤七，在预设均衡时间T1结束后对所有电池停止放电，并判断均衡电路处于静置状态的时间是否大于预设静置时间T2，若是则转入步骤一而启动下一个循环，若否则继续保持静置状态。
作为本发明电池均衡方法的一种改进，所述步骤七中，均衡电路处于静置状态的标准是放电电路电流小于预设静置电流门限。
作为本发明电池均衡方法的一种改进，所述步骤六在预设均衡时间T1内对各单个电池放电时，还同时检测放电电路是否处于正常工作状态。
与现有技术相比，本发明电池均衡方法至少具有以下技术效果：
第一，通过电池开路电压获取电池的荷电状态，并结合其它参数得到电池所需要的均衡时间，减少了电池均衡时的测量和运算开销，降低了单片机的运算量，提高了电池均衡系统的效率。
第二，设置停止均衡阶段，使电池均衡能够在不需人工参与的情况下循环进行，实现了电池均衡的自动化，同时保证电池均衡系统安全可靠运行。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式，对本发明电池均衡方法及其有益技术效果进行详细说明。
图1为本发明电池均衡方法的流程图。
图2为本发明电池均衡方法的一个实施例的流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和技术效果更加清晰明白，以下结合附图和具体实施方式，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解的是，本说明书中描述的具体实施方式仅仅是为了解释本发明，并不是为了限定本发明。
请参照图1所示，本发明电池均衡方法包括以下步骤：
步骤101，测量各单个电池的开路电压OCVcell；
步骤103，由各单个电池的开路电压OCVcell得到各单个电池的荷电状态SOCcell；
步骤105，计算各单个电池的荷电状态SOCcell与所有单个电池荷电状态SOCcell中的最小值SOCmin之差ΔSOC，公式为：ΔSOC＝SOCcell-SOCmin；
步骤107，根据各单个电池的ΔSOC判断其是否需要均衡；判断依据为：若单个电池的ΔSOC大于预设荷电状态门限，则判断其需要均衡，否则判断其不需要均衡；
步骤109，根据步骤107中需要均衡的各单个电池的ΔSOC计算其所需要的均衡时间T；具体计算方法为：根据需要均衡的各单个电池的ΔSOC计算其相应的容量差ΔCAP(公式为ΔCAP＝CAP*SOH*ΔSOC，其中，CAP为已知的电池额定容量、SOH为已知的电池健康度)，再根据其容量差ΔCAP计算其所需要的均衡时间T(计算公式为T＝ΔCAP/I，其中，I为预设的均衡电流)，其中，单个电池的容量差ΔCAP为单个电池的剩余容量与所述SOCmin所对应的单个电池的剩余容量之差；
步骤111，在预设均衡时间T1内对各单个电池放电，若单个电池的均衡时间T大于预设均衡时间T1，则对单个电池放电时间T1，否则对单个电池放电时间T；
步骤113，在预设均衡时间T1结束后对所有电池停止放电，并判断均衡电路处于静置状态的时间是否大于预设静置时间T2，若是则转入步骤101而启动下一个循环，若否则继续保持静置状态；其中，均衡电路处于静置状态的标准是放电电路电流小于预设静置电流门限。
以下为本发明电池均衡方法的一个实施例。
请参照图2所示，混合动力汽车中电池管理系统针对48V电池包进行电池 均衡的过程分为四个阶段：判定初始条件、计算均衡时间、采取均衡措施、停止均衡，其中，计算均衡时间、采取均衡措施、停止均衡三个阶段根据条件循环进行。
初始条件包括电池包的荷电状态SOC大于35％、混合动力汽车不在行车状态、电池管理系统的电池均衡功能不被禁用、电池包中所有电池的相关数据已经获取。当初始条件全部满足时，进入计算均衡时间阶段。
计算均衡时间阶段，首先测量电池包中各单个电池的开路电压OCVcell，判断开路电压OCVcell是否在预设查询表格的开路电压线性值范围内。其中，预设查询表格为电池电芯的一个基本物理特性参数表，由实验数据结合理论计算获得。
若电池的开路电压OCVcell在开路电压线性值范围内，则通过预设查询表格查找出开路电压OCVcell对应的荷电状态SOCcell，并根据荷电状态SOCcell计算电池所需要的均衡时间，然后进入采取均衡措施阶段。根据荷电状态SOCcell计算电池所需要的均衡时间的计算过程如下。
取所有电池中荷电状态SOC的最小值作为参考值SOCmin，计算荷电状态SOCcell与参考值SOCmin之差ΔSOC，公式为：ΔSOC＝SOCcell-SOCmin。
判断每个电池的ΔSOC是否大于预设荷电状态门限，本实施例中预设荷电状态的门限优选为5％，若是则该电池需要均衡，若否则该电池不需要均衡。预设荷电状态门限的作用是规避查表数据和检测的误差。
计算需要均衡的电池的容量差ΔCAP，公式为：ΔCAP＝CAP*SOH*ΔSOC，其中，CAP为已知的电池额定容量、SOH为已知的电池健康度。
计算需要均衡的电池所需要的均衡时间T，公式为：T＝ΔCAP/I，其中，I为预设的均衡电流，I的大小可以根据电池和电池管理系统的情况来设定，具体可由电池的自放电率、不能均衡度率折算得到。例如：某个电池包的电池自放电率为1000mAh/月，如果每周均衡一次，每次均衡时间为8小时，则电流I为： 1A/4week/8h＝31.25mA/h。均衡电阻为：3.7v/31.25mA＝118.4欧姆。
若电池的开路电压OCVcell不在开路电压线性值范围内，则以时间T上-T1作为其所需要的均衡时间T并进入采取均衡措施阶段，其中，T上为其在上一循环中的均衡时间，T1为在均衡措施阶段的预设均衡时间。
采取均衡措施阶段，在预设均衡时间T1内对需要均衡的电池放电，在本实施例中预设均衡时间T1优选为1小时。若电池的均衡时间T大于预设均衡时间T1，则对电池放电时间T1，否则对电池放电时间T。这样能准确控制电池所需的均衡时间，并使所有电池在均衡阶段所用的时间都在限定在预设均衡时间T1内，防止均衡时间过长在均衡电路中产生大量的热量积累。对需要均衡的电池放电时，同时检测放电电路是否处于正常工作状态，检测方式可以为检测均衡电阻两端电压的压差法、检测电芯两端电压的跌落趋势、检测均衡电阻工作时的热量、霍尔电流检测法等。时间T1结束后进入停止均衡阶段。
停止均衡阶段，对所有电池停止放电，判断电池管理系统的均衡电路是否处于静置状态，若放电电路电流小于预设静置电流门限，则判断均衡电路处于静置状态，在本实施例中预设静置电流门限优选为1A。
当均衡电路处于静置状态时，判断均衡电路处于静置状态的时间超过时间是否超过预设静置时间T2，在本实施例中预设静置时间T2优选为2小时。若均衡电路处于静置状态的时间超过预设静置时间T2，则启动下一个循环，进入计算均衡时间阶段。
需要说明的是，停止均衡阶段对所有电池停止均衡是基于如下构思：考虑到被动放电电路的特性，均衡过程中会产生大量的热量累积，因此均衡电路需要在运行较长时间后关闭，以便于热量的散发，同时也有效地降低了电池持续放电带来的极化影响。因此停止均衡阶段的实施保障了本发明电池均衡方法能够在不需人工参与的情况下循环进行，实现电池均衡自动化。
结合以上对本发明的详细描述可以看出，相对于现有技术，本发明电池均 衡方法的有益技术效果包括但不限于：
第一，通过电池开路电压获取电池的荷电状态，并结合其它参数得到电池所需要的均衡时间，减少了电池均衡时的测量和运算开销，降低了单片机的运算量，提高了电池均衡系统的效率。
第二，设置停止均衡阶段，使电池均衡能够在不需人工参与的情况下循环进行，实现了电池均衡的自动化，同时保证电池均衡系统安全可靠运行。
根据上述原理，本发明还可以对上述实施方式进行适当的变更和修改。因此，本发明并不局限于上面揭示和描述的具体实施方式，对本发明的一些修改和变更也应当落入本发明的权利要求的保护范围内。此外，尽管本说明书中使用了一些特定的术语，但这些术语只是为了方便说明，并不对本发明构成任何限制。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种电池均衡方法，其特征在于：所述方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤一，测量各单个电池的开路电压OCVcell；
    步骤二，由各单个电池的开路电压OCVcell得到各单个电池的荷电状态SOCcell；
    步骤三，计算各单个电池的荷电状态SOCcell与所有单个电池荷电状态SOCcell中的最小值SOCmin之差ΔSOC；
    步骤四，根据各单个电池的ΔSOC判断其是否需要均衡；
    步骤五，根据步骤四中需要均衡的各单个电池的ΔSOC计算其所需要的均衡时间T；
    步骤六，在预设均衡时间T1内对各单个电池放电，若单个电池的均衡时间T大于预设均衡时间T1，则对单个电池放电时间T1，否则对单个电池放电时间T。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池均衡方法，其特征在于：所述步骤四的判断依据为，若单个电池的ΔSOC大于预设荷电状态门限，则判断其需要均衡，否则判断其不需要均衡。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池均衡方法，其特征在于：所述步骤五具体为，根据需要均衡的各单个电池的ΔSOC计算其相应的容量差ΔCAP，再根据其容量差ΔCAP计算其所需要的均衡时间T，其中，单个电池的容量差ΔCAP为单个电池的剩余容量与所述SOCmin所对应的单个电池的剩余容量之差。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池均衡方法，其特征在于：所述步骤五根据需要均衡的各单个电池的ΔSOC计算其相应的容量差ΔCAP的公式为ΔCAP＝CAP*SOH*ΔSOC，其中，CAP为已知的电池额定容量、SOH为已知的电池健康度。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的电池均衡方法，其特征在于：所述均衡时间T的计算公式为T＝ΔCAP/I，其中，I为预设的均衡电流。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电池均衡方法，其特征在于：所述步骤一和步骤二之间还包括，判断各单个电池的开路电压OCVcell是否在预设线性电压范围内，开路电压OCVcell在预设线性电压范围内的单个电池进入步骤二；开路电压OCVcell不在预设线性电压范围内的单个电池则以时间T上-T1作为其所需要的均衡时间T并转入步骤六，T上为其在上一循环中的均衡时间。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电池均衡方法，其特征在于：所述步骤六之后还包括步骤七，在预设均衡时间T1结束后对所有电池停止放电，并判断均衡电路处于静置状态的时间是否大于预设静置时间T2，若是则转入步骤一而启动下一个循环，若否则继续保持静置状态。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池均衡方法，其特征在于：所述步骤七中，均衡电路处于静置状态的标准是放电电路电流小于预设静置电流门限。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电池均衡方法，其特征在于：所述步骤六在预设均衡时间T1内对各单个电池放电时，还同时检测放电电路是否处于正常工作状态。
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