WO2018113204A1 - 定心紧固件、其制作方法、使用方法及风力发电机组 - Google Patents

定心紧固件、其制作方法、使用方法及风力发电机组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018113204A1
WO2018113204A1 PCT/CN2017/087582 CN2017087582W WO2018113204A1 WO 2018113204 A1 WO2018113204 A1 WO 2018113204A1 CN 2017087582 W CN2017087582 W CN 2017087582W WO 2018113204 A1 WO2018113204 A1 WO 2018113204A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
centering
cylindrical
fastener according
fastener
centering member
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/087582
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张欧瑾
张晓�
Original Assignee
北京金风科创风电设备有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 filed Critical 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司
Priority to ES17863285T priority Critical patent/ES2905999T3/es
Priority to EP17863285.7A priority patent/EP3369948B1/en
Priority to US15/775,879 priority patent/US11143230B2/en
Priority to AU2017363222A priority patent/AU2017363222B2/en
Priority to KR1020187014487A priority patent/KR102071158B1/ko
Publication of WO2018113204A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018113204A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
    • F16B35/04—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws with specially-shaped head or shaft in order to fix the bolt on or in an object
    • F16B35/041—Specially-shaped shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0658—Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
    • F16B35/04—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws with specially-shaped head or shaft in order to fix the bolt on or in an object
    • F16B35/06—Specially-shaped heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B43/00—Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
    • B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
    • B29L2031/085—Wind turbine blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F05B2230/604—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centering, e.g. pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F05B2260/301—Retaining bolts or nuts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05B2280/6003—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
    • F16B35/04—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws with specially-shaped head or shaft in order to fix the bolt on or in an object
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of fastener connection, in particular to a centering fastener, a manufacturing method thereof, a using method and a wind power generator set.
  • fasteners are usually used in the mounting holes of the connected parts, and must have a certain strength to resist damage from external forces.
  • bolts In wind turbines, bolts (studs) act as a main connecting fastener, which plays an important role in positioning and connection. Its strength directly affects the stability and reliability of the fan.
  • the connecting bolts (studs) between the major components are complex and subject to large variable loads.
  • Bolts (studs) are required to have high fatigue strength. Generally, a large number of high-strength connections are distributed around the connected parts.
  • Bolts such as tower segmented connections, yaw bearing and base connections, pitched bearings and hub connections, and blades, etc., however, when the bolt (stud) mounting holes between the connected components are not well positioned, The threaded portion will be in contact with the mounting hole. When the mounting hole is dislocated, the connecting fastener will be bent and deformed, bending stress will be generated, and the fatigue performance of the bolt (stud) will be reduced. Therefore, the connecting fastener such as the bolt (stud) is also It is necessary to have a good positioning function. Generally, a structure with a variable cross-section is machined on the connecting body as a positioning section. This integrated structure is prone to stress concentration at the joint.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a centering fastener, a manufacturing method thereof, a using method and a wind power generator set, which can solve the problem that the centering fastener is fatigued due to stress concentration at the position of the positioning and connecting.
  • a centering fastener comprising: a connecting body, a buffer lining, and a centering member, wherein the connecting body is a columnar body, including a connecting portion and a polished rod portion; and the buffer lining is cylindrically covered And at least part of the polished rod portion; a centering member is coated on an outer surface of the buffer liner; wherein the light rod portion is separated from the centering member at least at a portion of the buffer liner.
  • the centering member is a cylindrical tubular structure having a smooth surface.
  • the end of the centering member is tapered into a tapered guiding portion having an inclined surface extending to an outer surface of the polished portion .
  • the strength of the centering member is greater than or equal to the strength of the connecting body.
  • the centering member is a cylindrical tubular structure that is wound and formed using a fiber reinforced resin-based composite material.
  • the fiber reinforced resin-based composite material comprises glass fiber reinforced plastic or carbon fiber reinforced plastic.
  • the elasticity of the buffer liner is greater than the elasticity of the connecting body and/or the centering member.
  • the buffer liner is made of spring steel, rubber, leather or organic fibers.
  • the connecting body is a bolt
  • the connecting portion has a threaded structure
  • an outer diameter of the centering member is larger than an outer diameter of the threaded structure
  • the bolt is a stud bolt having a threaded structure at both ends and having the optical rod portion in the middle, and the diameter of the polished rod portion is smaller than the The outer diameter of the threaded structure.
  • a second aspect provides a method for fabricating a centering fastener according to any of the above embodiments, comprising:
  • the centering member is shaped to cover the outer surface of the cushioning liner.
  • the method for wrapping the buffer liner on an outer surface of at least a portion of the polished portion includes wrapping a material of spring steel, rubber, leather or organic fiber in the polished portion The outer surface.
  • the method for covering the outer surface of the buffer liner to form the centering member comprises:
  • the glass fiber or carbon fiber impregnated with the resin is wound into a cylindrical cylindrical structure on the outer surface of the buffer liner;
  • a tapered inclined surface is machined at both ends of the cylindrical cylindrical centering member to gradually reduce the diameter of the cylindrical cylindrical centering member near the end surface.
  • the method of winding the glass fiber or carbon fiber impregnated with the resin into a cylindrical structure on the outer surface of the buffer liner comprises: The resin-impregnated glass fibers or carbon fibers are interlaced to form a network fiber structure.
  • a method of using a centering fastener using the centering fastener of any one of the first aspects, to mount the centering fastener to a connected piece In the mounting hole, a clearance fit is employed to position the buffer liner at the joint between the connected members.
  • a fourth aspect provides a wind power generator comprising the centering fastener of any of the first aspects, the centering fastener being used for connection of components of a wind power generator set, wherein each group 2 or more of the centering fasteners are evenly distributed at the joint of the connected component, and the centering fastener is installed in a corresponding mounting hole of the connected component, so that the buffer liner is at The junction.
  • the connected components include a base, a tower, a yaw bearing, a pitch bearing, a hub and a blade.
  • a centering fastener of the present invention separates the polished rod portion of the connecting body from the centering member by the buffer lining of the intermediate layer, and is formed by the centering member, the cushioning lining and the connecting body from the outside to the inside.
  • the layered positioning connection structure, the external force of the positioning section of the centering fastener is weakened layer by layer from the outside to the inside, and the connection body can be protected while the positioning connection is realized. The problem that the connecting body is fatigued due to stress concentration is solved.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a centering fastener structure of some embodiments of the present invention
  • FIG. 1a and 1b are schematic views of a tapered guide, respectively, in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the structure of a centering fastener according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic view showing the connection of a pitch bearing and a hub in a wind power generator set according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1 stud bolt; 2: pitch bearing; 3: hub; 101: connecting body; 102: centering member; 103: buffer lining; 101a: connecting portion; 101b: polished rod portion.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial schematic view of a centering fastener structure in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
  • the centering fastener of the present embodiment can be used for a locating connection between the connected members, the centering fastener comprising a connecting body 101, a cushioning liner 103 and a centering member 102, wherein the connection
  • the main body 101 is a columnar body, and includes a connecting portion 101a and a polished rod portion 101b; the buffer liner 103 is cylindrically wrapped on at least a portion of the polished rod portion 101b; and the centering member 102 is coated on the outer surface of the buffer liner 103 in a cylindrical structure; Among them, at least in the portion where the lining 103 is buffered, the polished rod portion 101b is separated from the centering member 102.
  • the connecting portion 101a realizes a fastening connection effect
  • the light rod portion 101b of the centering member 102 including the cushioning liner 103 realizes a positioning function
  • the buffer lining 103 and the fixed lining 103 are sequentially disposed from the inside to the outside of the light rod portion 101b of the connecting body 101.
  • the core member 102, the buffer liner 103 separates the connecting body 101 and the centering member 102, and when the connected member generates a shearing force on the connecting body 101 due to the alignment error, the centering member 102 transmits the shearing force inward.
  • the connection body 101 Into the buffer After the lining 103 is weakened, when it is transmitted to the connecting body 101 of the optical rod portion 101b, the force on the connecting body 101 is greatly reduced, and the stress concentration of the connecting body 101 at the joint portion can be effectively weakened, and the connection is improved to some extent.
  • the fatigue strength of the firmware protects the connection body 101.
  • the centering fastener of the present invention forms a layered positioning connection structure by the centering member 102, the cushioning liner 103 and the connecting body 101 from the outside to the inside, and the external force of the centering fastener at the joint is
  • the outer layer is also weakened layer by layer.
  • the centering member 102 is a cylindrical tubular structure having a smooth surface. Since the mounting hole is generally circular, the centering member 102 is designed to have a cylindrical cylindrical structure to better fit the mounting hole, and the smooth surface is provided. The force can be made uniform, the stress concentration caused by the rough surface is avoided, and the smoothing surface of the centering member 102 in contact with the mounting hole is small, which is advantageous for guiding, mounting and dismounting. Further, the outer diameter of the centering member 102 is set to match the inner diameter of the mounting hole to enable centering of the mounting hole.
  • the end of the centering member 102 is tapered into a tapered guide having an inclined surface that extends to the outer surface of the polished rod portion 101b.
  • the tapered guiding portion has a guiding action, wherein the inclined surface of the guiding portion extends to the outer surface of the polished rod portion 101b to form a good transition guiding structure, which further enhances the guiding effect, and is also convenient for processing and disassembly.
  • the inclined surface of the tapered guiding portion extends to the outer surface of the polished rod portion 101b to form a good transition guiding structure, and as another deformation.
  • the tapered guiding surface of the centering member 102 may also be completely separated from the connecting body 101, wherein the inclined surface of the tapered guiding portion of the centering member 102 extends to the buffer liner 103. It is not necessary to extend to the polished rod portion 101b, and it is also within the scope of the present invention as long as at least a portion of the connecting body 101 and the centering member 102 are separated by the cushioning liner 103.
  • the strength of the centering member 102 is greater than or equal to the strength of the connecting body 101. Since the centering member 102 directly contacts the connected member at the joint, the force to be received is the greatest, and when the strength is insufficient, the ability to resist external force damage is poor, and it is easy to suffer. The force is too large to fail. Therefore, the centering member 102 has sufficient strength to resist the damage at the joint, and can better serve to position and protect the connecting body 101.
  • the centering member 102 is a cylindrical tubular structure formed by winding a fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material, and the fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material has high specific strength, high specific stiffness, fatigue resistance, and corrosion resistance compared with a general material.
  • a series of mechanical properties advantages such as low density can meet the high strength requirements of the centering member 102 to resist external damage.
  • the fiber-reinforced resin-based composite material includes a reinforced resin-based composite material of glass fiber or carbon fiber, such as glass fiber reinforced plastic, carbon fiber reinforced plastic, or the like.
  • the reinforced resin-based composite material of glass fiber or carbon fiber has the advantages of light weight, high strength, fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance.
  • the elasticity of the cushioning liner 103 is greater than the elasticity of the connecting body 101 and/or the centering member 102.
  • the cushioning liner 103 has good elasticity, it can effectively absorb the partial pressure transmitted from the centering member 102.
  • the elasticity of the cushioning liner 103 is greater than the elasticity of the connecting body 101 and the centering member 102, the pressure absorption effect is further enhanced.
  • the force applied to the polished rod portion 101b of the connecting body 101 can be weakened, and the connecting body 101 is further protected from fatigue failure due to too much pressure.
  • the cushion lining 103 is made of spring steel, rubber, leather or organic fiber.
  • spring steel, rubber, leather or organic fiber has good elasticity, and can be effectively absorbed by the connected member through the centering member 102 to the connecting body 101.
  • the force thereby reducing the force on the connecting body 101, effectively protects the connecting body 101.
  • it is not limited to the materials listed in the present invention, and other equivalent replacement materials that can be conceived by those skilled in the art can be realized as long as the buffer liner 103 can be separated from the connecting body 101 and the centering member 102. It is within the technical scope of the present invention to reduce the force of the connection body 101 to the force absorption.
  • the connecting body 101 of the centering fastener of the present invention may be a bolt, a stud, a pin, or the like, and the technical solution of the present invention can be achieved as long as the fastener that is positioned and connected by the connecting member can be realized. Implemented within the scope of the principle.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a centering fastener according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the connecting body 101 is specifically a bolt, that is, the centering fastener can be understood as a positioning bolt, the connecting portion 101a of the bolt has a threaded structure, and the outer diameter of the centering member 102 is larger than the thread structure.
  • the outer diameter forms a centering guide structure after the at least a portion of the polished rod portion 101b of the bolted body 101 is wrapped from the inside to the outside of the cushioning liner 103 and the centering member 102, due to the gap between the mounting hole and the centering guide structure.
  • the smaller the positioning the better the positioning and connection effect.
  • the mounting hole is designed according to the size of the connecting fastener.
  • the threaded part needs to be able to penetrate into the mounting hole, that is, the mounting hole diameter needs to be larger than the threaded hole, in order to be at the joint.
  • the outer diameter of the centering member 102 is designed to be smaller than but as close as possible to the mounting aperture. Therefore, in the present invention, the outer diameter of the centering member is larger than the outer diameter of the threaded structure, and the positioning and connection effect is optimal.
  • the bolt of the present invention is a stud bolt 1 having a threaded structure at both ends and having a polished rod portion 101b in the middle, and the diameter of the polished rod portion 101b is smaller than the outer diameter of the threaded structure, and the double head of the elongated neck
  • the centering fastener of the bolt 1 can be used for the connection of larger components, for example for connection between key components in a wind turbine device, which can effectively improve the reliability of the device compared to the prior art.
  • the present invention provides a method for fabricating a centering fastener according to the above embodiment, comprising: wrapping a buffer liner 103 on an outer surface of at least a portion of the polished rod portion 101b; and covering the outer surface of the buffer liner 103 Centering member 102.
  • the buffer liner 103 is a relatively thin cylindrical structure having a thickness of 0.5 mm to 1 mm, which can achieve the purpose of buffering without lowering the overall hardness.
  • the specific thickness can be designed according to the specifications of the connecting body 101 (such as a bolt).
  • the method of wrapping the cushion lining 103 on the outer surface of the polished rod portion 101b includes wrapping the outer surface of the polished rod portion 101b with a material of spring steel, rubber, leather or organic fiber.
  • the material is convenient and the cost is low, and the requirement for the elastic lining of the buffer liner 103 can be satisfied.
  • the method of covering the outer surface of the buffer liner 103 to form the centering member 102 includes first: impregnating the resin with glass fiber or carbon fiber; and then winding the outer surface of the buffer liner 103 with glass fiber or carbon fiber impregnated with the resin. Cylindrical cylindrical structure; after that, the solidified cylindrical tubular structure is processed into a cylindrical surface of the cylindrical cylindrical centering member 102; finally, the both ends of the cylindrical cylindrical centering member 102 are processed.
  • the tapered guide is tapered toward the end face. In the specific production, it can be carried out by means of fiber reinforced resin winding technology equipment.
  • the curing process can be accelerated naturally or by heating or ventilation, and finally, during the blank surface processing of the solidified member 102 after curing.
  • the machining process such as turning and milling can be performed by means of a machine tool to obtain a centering member 102 that satisfies a predetermined diameter and surface requirements.
  • the winding method comprises: interlacing resin-impregnated glass fibers or carbon fibers to form a network fiber structure, and specifically, can be interlaced in a zigzag manner to form a network fiber structure, and higher strength can be obtained. And a centering member 102 for stability.
  • the present invention also provides a method of using a centering fastener, which uses a centering fastener according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the invention to mount the centering fastener on the connected component.
  • the gap lining 103 is used to make the buffer lining 103 at the joint between the connected parts.
  • the use of clearance fit is easy to install and disassemble. Especially in large equipment, bolts and studs are required to be used in large quantities. The convenient disassembly and assembly method can greatly improve the work efficiency.
  • the cushion lining 103 At the joint the force from the connected member can be buffered, and the effect of protecting the joint body 101 is achieved.
  • a wind power generator set is provided.
  • a centering fastener including a bolt as a connecting body 101 according to the first aspect of the embodiment is provided.
  • the centering fastener is used for a base, a tower, and a partial The connection of the connected members of the aerodynamic bearing, the pitch bearing, the hub, the blade, etc., wherein each of the sets of connected parts is provided with two or more centering fasteners of the present invention, and the centering is fastened.
  • the pieces are mounted in corresponding mounting holes of the connected piece such that the cushioning lining is at the joint.
  • connection of the pitch bearing 2 and the hub 3 is taken as an example, and the stud bolt 1 of the elongated neck according to the above embodiment is employed as the connecting fastener between the pitch bearing 2 and the hub 3.
  • the corresponding use of the elongated neck stud bolt 1 can better achieve the positioning connection, and the centering member 102 of the bolt 1 from the outside to the inside
  • the buffer lining 103 and the connecting body 101 form a layered positioning connection structure, and the external force of the bolt 1 at the joint of the pitch bearing 2 and the hub 3 is also weakened layer by layer from the outside to the inside, thereby achieving better positioning.
  • the connection effect also effectively solves the problem that the connection body 101 of the bolt 1 is fatigue-fractured due to stress concentration at the joint.
  • FIG. 3 is an example of the elongated neck stud bolt 1 for connecting between the pitch bearing 2 and the hub 3, and the wind power generator set of the present invention can be connected in different forms according to actual conditions.
  • the centering fastener of 1 is used as a connection between other components. The specific operation can be implemented by referring to FIG. 3, and details are not described herein.
  • the connection between the key large components is complicated, and the connecting fasteners such as bolts (studs) are subjected to large forces, and high-strength bolts (studs) are usually used. Therefore, the centering of the present invention is adopted.
  • the cushioning liner 103 which is more elastic separates the connecting body 101 and the centering member 102, and the positioning of the connecting body 101 can be weakened at the joint, thereby effectively solving the connecting body. 101.
  • the problem of fatigue failure due to stress concentration caused by the alignment error of the connector, the wind turbine has higher stability and reliability to some extent than the prior art, and according to some embodiments Simply averaging 2-3 centering fasteners of the present invention at the joint to achieve positioning, thereby reducing shear forces due to alignment errors of the mounting holes and mitigating prior art
  • the problem of fatigue failure of the bolts, and the usual high-strength bolt connections can still be used at other connection holes, thereby allowing for higher mechanics Performance and reduced economic costs.
  • the fastener is used as a universal connecting member in the mounting hole of the connected component.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated by a general fastener and a thin-necked stud bolt, but It is not limited to the form of the fastener in the embodiment, and may be a centering fastener in the form of other types of bolts, studs or pins, etc., all of which are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
  • the principle of the centering fastener of the present invention is applied, and in particular, it can be solved: when the bolt is subjected to a large force, due to defects in design and installation in the prior art The problem of failure of the wind turbine caused by fatigue failure.
  • the centering fastener of the present invention separates the connecting body 101 at the innermost layer and the centering member 102 at the outermost layer through the buffer lining 103 of the intermediate layer, forming a "hard-soft-hard" "Layered centering guide structure, when the connecting member generates shearing force to the connecting body 101 due to the alignment error at the joint, when the centering member 102 is transferred to the buffer liner 103, the shearing force is buffered.
  • the lining is weakened and transmitted to the connecting body 101, it is further greatly weakened, so that the connecting body 101 is weakened, and the effect of protecting the connecting body 101 is achieved.
  • the centering fastener of the present invention can be effectively realized while achieving the positioning connection. It solves the problem that the connecting body is fatigued due to too much external force, and has the advantages of compact structure, easy installation and disassembly, good economy and wide application range.

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Abstract

一种定心紧固件、其制作方法、使用方法及风力发电机组。该定心紧固件包括：连接主体（101）、缓冲内衬（103）及定心构件（102），其中，连接主体（101）为柱状体，包括连接部（101a）和光杆部（101b）；缓冲内衬（103）呈筒状包覆于至少部分光杆部（101b）；定心构件（102）包覆在缓冲内衬（103）的外表面；其中，至少在缓冲内衬（103）的部位，光杆部（101b）与定心构件（102）分离。中间层的缓冲内衬（103）将连接主体（101）的光杆部（101b）与定心构件（102）分离，通过由外到内的定心构件（102）、缓冲内衬（103）和连接主体（101）形成分层的定位连接结构，定心紧固件在定位连接的部位所受外力由外到内也随之逐层减弱，在实现定位连接的同时，还能保护连接主体（101），有效解决了连接主体（101）因受应力集中而疲劳失效的问题。

Description

定心紧固件、其制作方法、使用方法及风力发电机组 技术领域
本发明涉及紧固件连接技术领域，具体涉及一种定心紧固件、其制作方法、使用方法及风力发电机组。
背景技术
紧固件作为一种通用连接件，通常装在被连接件的安装孔中使用，需具备一定的强度以抵抗来自外力的破坏。在风力发电机组中，螺栓(螺柱)作为一种主要连接紧固件，起着重要的定位连接作用，其强度直接影响着风机的稳定性和可靠性，机组运行时，由于工况复杂，关键大部件间的连接螺栓(螺柱)受载复杂且承受很大的变载荷，需要螺栓(螺柱)具备很高的疲劳强度，一般是在这些被连接件周边均布大量的高强度连接螺栓，比如塔筒分段连接、偏航轴承与底座连接、变桨轴承与轮毂连接及叶片等部件的连接，然而，当被连接部件间的螺栓(螺柱)安装孔定位效果不佳时，螺纹部分会和安装孔接触，安装孔错位严重时会使这些连接紧固件弯曲变形，产生弯曲应力，降低了螺栓(螺柱)的疲劳性能，因而螺栓(螺柱)等连接紧固件也需兼具良好的定位作用，通常的做法是，在连接主体上加工出一段变截面的结构作为定位段，这种一体结构在连接处易产生应力集中，事实上，连接部位因对正误差仍存在剪切应力，会造成定位段上有压痕，甚至压伤螺栓(螺柱)的连接主体，影响连接紧固件的疲劳强度，从而降低了风力发电机的稳定性和可靠性。
实践中，螺栓(螺柱)等连接紧固件的失效(断裂)是风力发电机组的主要故障形式，其中，这些紧固件的设计、安装问题是导致其失效的重要原因，因而，需提供一种定心紧固件、其制作方法、使用方法及风力发电机组。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供了一种定心紧固件、其制作方法、使用方法及风力发电机组，能够解决定心紧固件在定位连接的部位因应力集中而导致其疲劳失效的问题。
第一方面，提供了一种定心紧固件，包括：连接主体、缓冲内衬及定心构件，其中，连接主体为柱状体，包括连接部和光杆部；缓冲内衬呈筒状包覆于至少部分所述光杆部；定心构件包覆在所述缓冲内衬的外表面；其中，至少在所述缓冲内衬的部位，所述光杆部与所述定心构件分离。
在第一种可能的实现方式中，所述定心构件为具有光滑表面的圆柱形筒状结构。
结合上述可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，所述定心构件的端部渐缩成具有倾斜面的锥形引导部，所述倾斜面延伸至所述光杆部的外表面。
结合上述可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，所述定心构件的强度大于或等于所述连接主体的强度。
结合上述可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式中，所述定心构件为采用纤维增强树脂基复合材料缠绕成型的圆柱形筒状结构。
结合上述可能的实现方式，在第五种可能的实现方式中，所述纤维增强树脂基复合材料包括玻璃纤维增强塑料或碳纤维增强塑料。
结合上述可能的实现方式，在第六种可能的实现方式中，所述缓冲内衬的弹性大于所述连接主体和/或所述定心构件的弹性。
结合上述可能的实现方式，在第七种可能的实现方式中，所述缓冲内衬采用弹簧钢、橡胶、皮革或者有机纤维制作。
结合上述可能的实现方式，在第八种可能的实现方式中，所述连接主体为螺栓，所述连接部具有螺纹结构，所述定心构件的外径大于所述螺纹结构的外径。
结合上述可能的实现方式，在第九种可能的实现方式中，所述螺栓为两端均有所述螺纹结构且中间有所述光杆部的双头螺栓，所述光杆部的直径小于所述螺纹结构的外径。
第二方面，提供了一种以上任一实施方式的定心紧固件的制作方法，包括：
在至少部分所述光杆部的外表面包裹所述缓冲内衬；
在所述缓冲内衬的外表面覆盖定成型所述定心构件。
在第一种可能的实现方式中，所述在至少部分所述光杆部的外表面包裹所述缓冲内衬的方法包括，采用弹簧钢、橡胶、皮革或者有机纤维的材料包裹在所述光杆部的外表面。
结合上述可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，所述在所述缓冲内衬的外表面覆盖成型所述定心构件的方法包括：
采用玻璃纤维或碳纤维浸渍树脂；
用所述浸渍树脂的玻璃纤维或碳纤维在所述缓冲内衬的外表面缠绕成圆柱形筒状结构；
将固化后的所述圆柱形筒状结构加工成光滑表面的圆柱形筒状的定心构件；
在所述圆柱形筒状的定心构件的两端加工出锥形倾斜面，使所述圆柱形筒状的定心构件靠近端面的直径渐缩。
结合上述可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，所述用所述浸渍树脂的玻璃纤维或碳纤维在所述缓冲内衬的外表面缠绕成圆柱形结构的方法包括，将所述浸渍树脂的玻璃纤维或者碳纤维进行交错缠绕形成网状纤维结构。
第三方面，提供了一种定心紧固件的使用方法，采用第一方面的任一种实施方式所述的定心紧固件，将所述定心紧固件安装在被连接件的安装孔中，采用间隙配合，使所述缓冲内衬处于所述被连接件之间的连接处。
第四方面，提供了一种风力发电机组，包括第一方面的任一种实施方式的定心紧固件，所述定心紧固件用于风力发电机组的部件的连接，其中，每组被连接部件的连接处均布设有2个或2个以上所述定心紧固件，所述定心紧固件安装在所述被连接部件的相应安装孔中，使所述缓冲内衬处于所述连接处。其中，被连接部件包括底座、塔筒、偏航轴承、变桨轴承、轮毂和叶片。
综上，本发明的一种定心紧固件，通过中间层的缓冲内衬将连接主体的光杆部与定心构件分离，通过由外到内的定心构件、缓冲内衬和连接主体形成分层的定位连接结构，定心紧固件的定位段在连接处所受外力由外到内也随之逐层减弱，在实现定位连接的同时，还能保护连接主体，有效 解决了连接主体因受应力集中而疲劳失效的问题。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一些实施例的定心紧固件结构的局部剖视图；
图1a和图1b分别是根据本发明的不同实施例的锥形引导部的示意图；
图2是本发明的另一些实施例的定心紧固件的结构局部剖视图；
图3是本发明实施例的风力发电机组中变桨轴承和轮毂的连接示意图。
图中，1：双头螺栓；2：变桨轴承；3：轮毂；101：连接主体；102：定心构件；103：缓冲内衬；101a：连接部；101b：光杆部。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
图1为本发明的一些实施例的定心紧固件结构的局部示意图。
参考图1，本实施例中的定心紧固件可用于在被连接件之间的定位连接，该定心紧固件包括连接主体101、缓冲内衬103及定心构件102，其中，连接主体101为柱状体，包括连接部101a和光杆部101b；缓冲内衬103呈筒状包覆于至少部分光杆部101b；定心构件102包覆在缓冲内衬103的外表面呈筒状结构；其中，至少在缓冲内衬103的部位，光杆部101b与定心构件102分离。连接部101a实现了紧固连接作用，包括缓冲内衬103的定心构件102的光杆部101b实现了定位作用，在连接主体101的光杆部101b由内到外依次设置了缓冲内衬103和定心构件102，缓冲内衬103将连接主体101和定心构件102分离，当被连接件因对正误差在连接主体101上产生剪切力时，定心构件102将该剪切力向内传递至缓冲内 衬103后得到减弱，当传到光杆部101b的连接主体101上时，连接主体101上承受的力被大大降低，可有效减弱连接主体101在连接部位的应力集中，一定程度上提高了连接紧固件的疲劳强度，从而保护了连接主体101。
因此，本发明的定心紧固件，通过由外到内的定心构件102、缓冲内衬103和连接主体101形成分层的定位连接结构，定心紧固件在连接处所受外力由外到内也随之逐层减弱，相比现有技术的一体结构，不仅能实现定位连接的功能，还有效解决了紧固件的连接主体101在连接处因应力集中而导致疲劳失效断裂的问题。
定心构件102为具有光滑表面的圆柱形筒状结构，由于通常安装孔为圆形，相应的，定心构件102设计成圆柱形筒状结构能更好的与安装孔匹配安装，光滑的表面能使受力均匀，避免了粗糙表面导致的应力集中，且，光滑表面的定心构件102与安装孔接触时摩擦力小，有利于导向、安装和拆卸。此外，定心构件102的外径设置成与安装孔的内径相适配，以能够实现对安装孔的定心作用。
定心构件102的端部渐缩成具有倾斜面的锥形引导部，该倾斜面延伸至光杆部101b的外表面。锥形引导部具有导向作用，其中引导部的倾斜面延伸至光杆部101b的外表面形成良好的过渡导向结构，进一步增强导向效果，同时还便于加工和拆装。
需要说明的是，本实施例中，作为一种优选实施方式，参考图1a所示，锥形引导部的倾斜面延伸至光杆部101b的外表面形成良好的过渡导向结构，而作为另一变形实施方式，参考图1b所示，定心构件102的锥形引导面也可以是完全与连接主体101分离的，其中，定心构件102的锥形引导部的倾斜面延伸至缓冲内衬103而非必须延伸至光杆部101b，也在本发明的技术方案范围内，只要连接主体101和定心构件102至少有一部分是被缓冲内衬103分离即可。
定心构件102的强度大于或等于连接主体101的强度，由于定心构件102在连接处会直接接触被连接件，因而承受的力最大，强度不足时，抵抗外力破坏的能力差，易因受力太大而失效，因此，定心构件102有足够大的强度以抵抗连接处的破坏，能更好的起到定位导向及保护连接主体101的作用。
可选的，定心构件102为采用纤维增强树脂基复合材料缠绕成型的圆柱形筒状结构，相比一般材料，纤维增强树脂基复合材料具有高比强度、高比刚度、耐疲劳、耐腐蚀、低密度等一系列的力学性能优势，能够满足定心构件102的高强度等要求，以抵抗外力破坏。
进一步地，纤维增强树脂基复合材料包括玻璃纤维或者碳纤维的增强树脂基复合材料，诸如玻璃纤维增强塑料、碳纤维增强塑料等。其中，玻璃纤维或者碳纤维的增强树脂基复合材料具有质轻、强度高、耐疲劳和耐腐蚀等优点。
缓冲内衬103的弹性大于连接主体101和/或定心构件102的弹性。缓冲内衬103具有良好的弹性时可有效吸收由定心构件102传来的部分压力，当缓冲内衬103的弹性比连接主体101和定心构件102的弹性大时，对压力的吸收效果更好，能减弱连接主体101的光杆部101b的受力，更进一步保护了连接主体101不会因压力太大而疲劳失效。
缓冲内衬103采用弹簧钢、橡胶、皮革或者有机纤维制作，一般的，弹簧钢、橡胶、皮革或者有机纤维具有良好的弹性，可有效吸收由被连接件经定心构件102传到连接主体101的力，从而降低连接主体101上的受力，有效保护了连接主体101。需要说明的是，具体操作时，不限于本发明列举的材料，本领域的技术人员能想到的其他等同替换材料，只要能实现缓冲内衬103将连接主体101和定心构件102分离的同时起到力吸收作用，以降低连接主体101的受力，均在本发明的技术范围之内。
需要说明的是，本发明的定心紧固件的连接主体101可以是螺栓、螺柱、销轴等，只要能实现将被连接件定位连接的紧固件，均能在本发明的技术方案原理范围内实现。
图2为本发明的另一些实施例的定心紧固件的结构示意图。
根据本发明的一些实施例，连接主体101具体为螺栓，即定心紧固件可理解为是一种定位螺栓，该螺栓的连接部101a具有螺纹结构，定心构件102的外径大于螺纹结构的外径，在螺栓连接主体101的至少一部分光杆部101b由内到外包裹缓冲内衬103和定心构件102后形成定心导向的结构，由于安装孔与该定心导向结构适配的间隙越小，定位连接效果会越好，安装孔是根据连接紧固件的尺寸设计，而要实现连接，螺纹部分需能穿进安装孔内，也就是安装孔径需大于螺纹孔，为了在连接处定位连接效 果更好，将定心构件102的外径设计成小于但尽可能接近安装孔径，因此，本发明中定心构件的外径大于螺纹结构的外径，定位连接效果最佳。
作为一种可行实施例，本发明的螺栓为两端均有螺纹结构且中间有光杆部101b的双头螺栓1，光杆部101b的直径小于螺纹结构的外径，这种细长颈的双头螺栓1的定心紧固件可用于较大部件的连接，例如用于风力发电机组设备中关键部件之间的连接，相比现有技术，能够有效提高设备的可靠性。
第二方面，本发明提供了一种以上实施方式的定心紧固件的制作方法，包括：在至少部分光杆部101b的外表面包裹缓冲内衬103；在缓冲内衬103的外表面覆盖成型定心构件102。通常，缓冲内衬103为厚度为0.5mm-1mm的较薄筒状结构，既能达到缓冲目的，又不致降低整体硬度，具体厚度可根据连接主体101(比如螺栓)的规格设计。
制作时，在光杆部101b的外表面包裹缓冲内衬103的方法包括，采用弹簧钢、橡胶、皮革或者有机纤维的材料包裹在光杆部101b的外表面。取材方便，成本低，能满足对缓冲内衬103需具备良好弹性性能的要求。
进一步地，在缓冲内衬103的外表面覆盖成型定心构件102的方法包括：首先，采用玻璃纤维或碳纤维浸渍树脂；然后，用浸渍树脂的玻璃纤维或碳纤维在缓冲内衬103的外表面缠绕成圆柱体筒状结构；之后，将固化后的圆柱体筒状结构加工成光滑表面的圆柱形筒状的定心构件102；最后，在圆柱形筒状的定心构件102的两端加工出锥形引导部，使其靠近端面的直径渐缩。具体制作中，可借助纤维增强树脂缠绕技术设备进行，在固化过程中，可自然固化也可通过加热或通风等措施加快固化过程，最后，在固化后的定心构件102的毛坯表面加工过程中，可借助机床进行车削、铣削等机加工处理，获得满足预定直径及表面要求的定心构件102。
更进一步地，缠绕的方法包括，将浸渍树脂的玻璃纤维或者碳纤维进行交错缠绕形成网状纤维结构，具体地，可按照绕8字形的方式进行交错缠绕形成网状纤维结构，能获得更高强度和稳定性的定心构件102。
第三方面，本发明还提供了一种定心紧固件的使用方法，采用本发明第一方面实施例的一种定心紧固件，将定心紧固件安装在被连接件的安装孔中，采用间隙配合方式，使缓冲内衬103处于被连接件之间的连接处， 采用间隙配合的装配方式便于安装和拆卸，尤其在大型设备中，需大量使用螺栓和螺柱等连接紧固件，便捷的拆装方式很大程度能提高工作效率，此外，缓冲内衬103处在连接处，能缓冲来自被连接件的力，达到了保护连接主体101的效果。
第四方面，提供了一种风力发电机组，参考图3，包括第一方面实施例的以螺栓为连接主体101的定心紧固件，该定心紧固件用于底座、塔筒、偏航轴承、变桨轴承、轮毂、叶片等的被连接件的连接，其中，每组被连接件的连接处均布设有2个或2个以上本发明的定心紧固件，定心紧固件安装在被连接件的相应安装孔中，使缓冲内衬处于连接处。
参考图3所示，以变桨轴承2和轮毂3的连接为例说明，采用了根据上述实施例的细长颈的双头螺栓1作为变桨轴承2和轮毂3之间的连接紧固件，由于变桨轴承2和轮毂3的厚度较大，相应的采用这种细长颈双头螺栓1能较好的实现定位连接作用，且，该螺栓1上由外到内的定心构件102、缓冲内衬103和连接主体101形成分层的定位连接结构，螺栓1在变桨轴承2和轮毂3连接处所受外力由外到内也随之逐层减弱，既实现了较好的定位连接效果，还有效解决了螺栓1的连接主体101在连接处因应力集中而导致疲劳失效断裂的问题。
需要说明的是，图3是以变桨轴承2和轮毂3之间连接用的细长颈双头螺栓1为示例说明，本发明的风力发电机组中可根据实际情况采用以不同形式为连接主体1的定心紧固件作为其他部件间的连接使用，具体操作可参考图3实现，在此不做赘述。
由于在风电机组中，关键大部件间的连接处受力复杂，螺栓(螺柱)等连接紧固件受力较大，通常采用高强度螺栓(螺柱)，因此，采用本发明的定心紧固件时，由于弹性较好的缓冲内衬103将连接主体101和定心构件102分离，在实现定位连接的同时还能将连接主体101在连接处的受力减弱，有效解决了连接主体101因被连接件的对正误差引起的应力集中而导致疲劳失效的问题，相比现有技术，该风力发电机组在一定程度上具有更高的稳定性和可靠性，并且，根据一些实施例，只需在连接处均布2-3个本发明的定心紧固件，即可起到定位作用，由此减小由于安装孔的对正误差而产生的剪切力并且缓解现有技术的螺栓疲劳失效的问题，而其他连接孔处仍然可以采用通常的高强度螺栓连接，由此可以兼顾较高的力学 性能和降低经济成本的要求。
需要说明的是，紧固件作为一种通用连接件，装在被连接件的安装孔中使用，本发明的实施例示意性的以一般紧固件和细颈双头螺栓为例说明，但不限于实施例中的紧固件形式，还可以是以其他类型的螺栓、螺柱或者销轴等形式作为连接主体的定心紧固件，均在本发明的技术方案保护范围内，而在大型设备中，特别是风力发电机组中的高强度连接螺栓，应用本发明定心紧固件的方案原理，尤其能解决：当螺栓受力较大时，因现有技术中设计和安装缺陷而导致疲劳失效引起风电机组出现故障的问题。
综上所述，本发明的定心紧固件，通过中间层的缓冲内衬103将处于最内层的连接主体101和最外层的定心构件102分离，形成了“硬-软-硬”分层的定心导向结构，当被连接件在连接处因对正误差而对连接主体101产生剪切力时，由定心构件102传递到缓冲内衬103时，剪切力被缓冲内衬减弱，传递到连接主体101时，进一步被大大减弱，使连接主体101受力降低，达到了保护连接主体101的效果，本发明的定心紧固件在实现定位连接的同时，还能有效解决连接主体因受外力太大时导致疲劳失效的问题，同时还具有结构精简、便于安装和拆卸、经济性好、应用范围广的优点。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本发明进行了描述，但在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本发明并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种定心紧固件，其特征在于，包括：
    连接主体(101)，为柱状体，包括连接部(101a)和光杆部(101b)；
    缓冲内衬(103)，呈筒状且包覆于至少部分所述光杆部(101b)；以及，
    定心构件(102)，包覆在所述缓冲内衬(103)的外表面；
    其中，至少在所述缓冲内衬(103)的部位，所述光杆部(101b)与所述定心构件(102)分离。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的定心紧固件，其特征在于，所述定心构件(102)为具有光滑表面的圆柱形筒状结构。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的定心紧固件，其特征在于，所述定心构件(102)的端部渐缩成具有倾斜面的锥形引导部，所述倾斜面延伸至所述光杆部(101b)的外表面。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的定心紧固件，其特征在于，所述定心构件(102)的强度大于或等于所述连接主体(101)的强度。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的定心紧固件，其特征在于，所述定心构件(102)为采用纤维增强树脂基复合材料缠绕成型的圆柱形筒状结构。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的定心紧固件，其特征在于，所述纤维增强树脂基复合材料包括玻璃纤维增强塑料或碳纤维增强塑料。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的定心紧固件，其特征在于，所述缓冲内衬(103)的弹性大于所述连接主体(101)和/或所述定心构件(102)的弹性。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的定心紧固件，其特征在于，所述缓冲内衬(103)采用弹簧钢、橡胶、皮革或者有机纤维制作。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的定心紧固件，其特征在于，所述连接主体(101)为螺栓，所述连接部(101a)具有螺纹结构，所述定心构件(102)的外径大于所述螺纹结构的外径。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的定心紧固件，其特征在于，所述螺栓为两端均有所述螺纹结构且中间有所述光杆部(101b)的双头螺栓(1)，所述光杆部(101b)的直径小于所述螺纹结构的外径。
  11. 一种权利要求1-10任一项所述的定心紧固件的制作方法，其特征在于，包括：
    在至少部分所述光杆部(101b)的外表面包裹所述缓冲内衬(103)；
    在所述缓冲内衬(103)的外表面覆盖成型所述定心构件(102)。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的定心紧固件的制作方法，其特征在于，所述在至少部分所述光杆部(101b)的外表面包裹一层所述缓冲内衬(103)，包括：
    采用弹簧钢、橡胶、皮革或者有机纤维的材料包裹在所述光杆部(101b)的外表面。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的定心紧固件的制作方法，其特征在于，所述在所述缓冲内衬(103)的外表面覆盖成型所述定心构件(102)，包括：
    采用玻璃纤维或碳纤维浸渍树脂；
    用所述浸渍树脂的玻璃纤维或碳纤维在所述缓冲内衬(103)的外表面缠绕成圆柱形筒状结构；
    固化后的所述圆柱形筒状结构加工成光滑表面的圆柱形筒状的定心构件(102)；
    在所述圆柱形筒状的定心构件(102)的两端加工出锥形引导部，使所述定心构件(102)靠近端面的直径渐缩。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的定心紧固件的制作方法，其特征在于，所述用浸渍树脂的玻璃纤维或碳纤维在所述缓冲内衬(103)的外表面缠 绕成圆柱形筒状结构，包括：
    将所述浸渍树脂的玻璃纤维或者碳纤维进行交错缠绕形成网状纤维结构。
  15. 一种定心紧固件的使用方法，其特征在于，采用权利要求1至10任一项所述的定心紧固件，将所述定心紧固件安装在被连接件的安装孔中，采用间隙配合，使所述缓冲内衬(103)处于所述被连接件之间的连接处。
  16. 一种风力发电机组，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-10任一项所述的定心紧固件，所述定心紧固件用于所述风力发电机组的部件的连接，其中，每组被连接部件的连接处均布设有2个或2个以上所述定心紧固件，所述定心紧固件安装在所述被连接部件的相应安装孔中，使所述缓冲内衬(103)处于所述连接处。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的风力发电机组，所述被连接部件包括底座、塔筒、偏航轴承、变桨轴承(2)、轮毂(3)和叶片。
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