WO2018112671A1 - Cover for covering surfaces - Google Patents

Cover for covering surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018112671A1
WO2018112671A1 PCT/CL2016/000080 CL2016000080W WO2018112671A1 WO 2018112671 A1 WO2018112671 A1 WO 2018112671A1 CL 2016000080 W CL2016000080 W CL 2016000080W WO 2018112671 A1 WO2018112671 A1 WO 2018112671A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cover
flow
film
surfaces according
sensor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CL2016/000080
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alexis URBINA DURÁN
Original Assignee
Industrial y Comercial Mantos Group S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Industrial y Comercial Mantos Group S.A. filed Critical Industrial y Comercial Mantos Group S.A.
Priority to AU2016432918A priority Critical patent/AU2016432918A1/en
Priority to MX2018007626A priority patent/MX2018007626A/en
Publication of WO2018112671A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018112671A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02—Inorganic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
    • E04H15/22—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure supported by air pressure inside the tent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the present invention is framed within the field of agriculture, such as that related to plasticulture, mining, waste treatment, among others, areas of industry in which it is required to cover a surface and at the same time drive or remove a flow of gas, air and / or fluid, such as solutions, water, among others, in particular is framed within the field of surface coverage on which it is necessary to deliver, distribute or withdraw a fluid flow, gas or air, whose configuration also allows to be able to monitor and / or control the conditions of the covered surface, as well as the conditions of the flow of gas, air and / or fluid withdrawn, delivered and / or distributed through said coverage.
  • the present invention is part of the mining activity, specifically those activities or procedures that relate to the extraction of minerals by solvents, such as battery leaching, as well as the present invention is part of the plastic culture, and / or in the activity of industrial and / or household waste management.
  • one of the processes to obtain minerals corresponds to the leaching process, where the procedure normally considers the formation of leaching piles of the mineral coming from the mine, which is reduced to a pre-established granulometry, which extends on a waterproof base or surface, which may comprise sheets of plastic film.
  • the crushed material is mounted on the surface to form large piles of crushed ore to be leached.
  • the target metal is leached by circulating a leaching solution through the stack, in a procedure commonly known as percolation. To perform percolation, the leaching solution is distributed over the top of the stack, allowing it to infiltrate downward through the stack on the impermeable surface.
  • the application dose of leaching solutions are designed to optimize the recovery of metals and minimize the consumption of chemical products, where the critical factors that influence this relationship correspond to the design of the battery, the irrigation system and the climatic conditions of the site where the stack is formed. Uniform distribution of the solution is essential to maximize metal recovery.
  • the heap leaching procedure has the advantage of allowing the treatment of a large amount of low grade ore at a low cost, however it also has a number of disadvantages, since the irrigation system used considers the use of a mesh of hoses that have drippers or sprinklers, located at a predetermined distance, where said mesh of irrigation pipe is disposed above the top surface of the pile to be leached, whereby irrigation is exposed to the climatic conditions of the sector in where the battery is designed, that is, the leaching solution as well as the battery that is being watered, is subject to losses due to evaporation and losses due to wind action, among other factors that affect the leaching process.
  • the drops of leaching solution are carried by the wind in the vicinity of the leaching pile, which can contaminate the environment with toxic elements, and where also by the action of wind and evaporation to which the battery is subjected leaching, because it is directly exposed to the environment, produces high evaporation rates, which implies a large amount of water that is used to carry out the leaching process, which implies an increase in production costs as well as the damage to the environment.
  • evaporation also causes heat loss, which lowers the temperature of the solution leaching, lowering the reaction rate of chemical leaching.
  • the leaching solution when exposed on a large surface to sunlight increases the potential for photochemical degradation of photo sensitive leaching compounds, which leads to a decrease in leaching results.
  • films or covers of the surface to be leached have been used that are arranged above the irrigation or irrigation mesh, so as to cover the upper surface of the leach pile with said cover and thus avoid evaporation of the leaching solution, as well as increasing the temperature of the leaching stack by increasing the proliferation conditions of bacteria in the bio-leaching procedures.
  • the leaching stacks can be large and extensive enough requiring a large number of qualified personnel to monitor and control the leaching process, however today a series of systems and procedures have been developed in the technique that allow the rate to be monitored. of irrigation, saturation zones, fluid flow in the irrigation mesh, humidity, evaporation and temperature of the leaching pile, however these systems consider the use of a series of devices, sensors, cameras, among other equipment , which must be placed over the entire length of the large surface area of a leach pile, which leads to a large amount of skilled labor to provide a leach pile, are a monitoring and control system automated
  • plasticulture or agroplasticulture involves the use of polymers in agricultural production, through soil padding, irrigation system, meshes, tunnels, greenhouse and / or roofs, which they allow to advance crops, to cultivate fruits out of season, to control weeds and insects, as well as to improve the efficiency in the use of water, in the use of fertilizers and in the use of the soil itself.
  • the use of quilts or mats to cover the surface of the soil in agricultural production is a procedure and production system that is increasing in the world.
  • said mats are formed by a film, where at every certain distance between rows and on a row an office is practiced to leave a free space of the covered surface on which said mat is arranged, so that in said space it is cultivated a plant or a tree, and where also on or below the mat a series of irrigation pipes are arranged, where the sprinklers or drippers coincide with the hole made in the mat, where the plant is grown.
  • an inert substrate is generally arranged, as a means of supporting the mat against the surface on which it is arranged.
  • the surface covers as defined and used in the mining area as well as in agriculture and / or sanitary and industrial landfill management have the deficiency that requires a large amount of time and work control to achieve both the delivery system , distribution and / or removal of a fluid such as the covers on the surface to be covered, which implies in an operation that although it is true provides a system that allows to regulate the surface conditions covered, such as evaporation, temperature, humidity, weed control, gas controls, air control, fluid removal, among others, however its implementation is high cost, product of the labor required for its installation as well as the time involved in its implementation, to which also adds the time and skilled labor that is required to implement a monitoring and control system of the surface covered by said mat or film.
  • the primary object of the invention is an element that allows covering a surface that has an integrated delivery, distribution and / or withdrawal system for a flow, whether of air, gas and / or fluid, and a control system and monitoring.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a cover to cover a surface whose configuration comprises a thermoplastic film that allows to be deployed quickly and efficiently to cover a surface, and which at the same time can deliver a delivery, distribution and / or delivery system. withdrawal of a flow, either of air, gas and / or fluid, and a system to monitor and control the conditions of the covered surface.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide coverage for a surface with an integrated irrigation system whose configuration comprises in an integrated way a system for monitoring and controlling irrigation flow, of the temperature and humidity of the covered surface.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a surface cover with an integrated drip irrigation system to be arranged on a leaching stack, the configuration of which comprises in a integrated manner to said coverage a monitoring and control system of the parameters of the stack of leaching remotely and autonomously.
  • Figure 1 corresponds to a bottom perspective view of the surface cover in a first embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 .- corresponds to a bottom perspective view of the surface cover in a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 3.- corresponds to a bottom perspective view of the surface cover in a third embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 4A.- corresponds to a cross-sectional view of the cover of the first embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 4B.- corresponds to a cross-sectional view of the cover of the second embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 4C- corresponds to a cross-sectional view of the cover of the third embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 5 corresponds to a bottom perspective view of the roof in a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 6.- corresponds to a partial bottom perspective view of a cover of the invention showing a monitoring and / or control means integrated to the cover.
  • Figure 7.- corresponds to an exploded top view in detail of a control and / or monitoring means comprising the cover of the invention.
  • Figure 8 corresponds to a top perspective view of a cover of the invention in an embodiment of the invention in which it comprises at least one flow line and a monitoring and / or control line.
  • Figure 9 corresponds to a bottom perspective view of a cover in an embodiment of the invention, showing at least one flow line and at least one means for fixing and / or joining said line.
  • Figure 9A.- corresponds to a front perspective bottom view of an exploded view of a cover showing at least one flow conduction line and at least one fixing and / or joining means of said line in an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 10.- corresponds to a top plan view of at least one fixing and / or joining means of a flow line.
  • Figure 11.- corresponds to a bottom perspective view showing at least one flow sensor comprising the cover in an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 12 .- corresponds to a top perspective view representing the arrangement of the cover of the invention on a surface to be covered.
  • the invention corresponds to a surface cover (1) comprising a film (2) having an upper surface (3) and a lower surface (4) defining an area circumscribed by opposite end edges (5, 6) and edges opposite sides (7, 8), configuring a coverage area defined by the film (2) comprising different shapes, dimensions and sizes.
  • the lower surface (4) of the film (2) has been defined as that surface that looks at the surface that will be covered or on which the cover (1) will be arranged.
  • the film (2) can be provided with flow conduction lines (9) on both lower and upper surfaces (3, 4).
  • the flow line (9) comprises at least one means of delivery, distribution and / or withdrawal of a flow from and / or to the surface (10), as can be seen in a first embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 1 and 4A said means may comprise at least one means for irrigation (10), wherein said means of irrigation is arranged in a spaced distribution along the flow line (9), where said irrigation means can comprise a sprinkler, a dripper, a micro-sprinkler, or any other means of distribution of fluids, water, solutions, among others.
  • At least one sensor line (11) can be attached and / or fixed to at least one of the surfaces (3, 4) of the film, where said sensor line It comprises at least one sensor (12), which can measure temperature and / or humidity, among other parameters of the surface covered with the cover (1).
  • the at least one sensor comprising the sensor line may comprise a sensor that allows measuring and / or monitoring, temperature, humidity, air flow, luminosity, radiation, evaporation, saturation of the surface, aeration, among other parameters, as well as said sensors may comprise micro-cameras for image capture, infrared images, among others.
  • FIG. 1 An exploded view of at least the sensor line (11) where at least one sensor (12), where said sensor line comprises a cable (13) to which is shown, is illustrated by way of example.
  • at least one sensor (12) is attached, which may be covered by a capsule (14) which is fixed by means of fixing elements (15) attached to the cable (13) of the sensor line (11), of way to keep the sensor protected (12).
  • the at least one line of sensors (11) is located unit to a system of monitoring, control and / or autonomous remote transmission (16), as illustrated in Figure N ° 8, which allow transmitting the different parameters that are registered and / or monitored by the at least one sensor (12) wirelessly to a main control center.
  • Said transmission, monitoring and / or control system is remote and autonomous, since it can be energized independently, wherever the surface cover is used (1), where electrical power is not available, by comprise renewable electricity generation devices, such as for example photovoltaic and / or wind energy.
  • Each of the fluid conduction lines (9) as well as the sensor lines (11) are joined to at least one of the surfaces (3, 4) of the film comprising the surface cover (1), by different techniques from plastics welding, such as by hot plate welding processes, air / hot gas welding, heat sealing, thermo fusion, extrusion welding, injection welding, ultrasonic welding, high frequency welding, laser welding, welding by vibration, as well as said fluid conduction lines (9) and sensor lines (11) can be attached to one of the surface of the film (2) of the surface cover (1) by mechanical elements, such as by a double contact adhesive tape, for example adhesives, sailboat among others, as well as through different solutions, such as glues.
  • plastics welding such as by hot plate welding processes, air / hot gas welding, heat sealing, thermo fusion, extrusion welding, injection welding, ultrasonic welding, high frequency welding, laser welding, welding by vibration
  • mechanical elements such as by a double contact adhesive tape, for example adhesives, sailboat among others, as well as through different solutions, such as glues.
  • the material of the film (2) can comprise a plastic, a thermoplastic, such as, for example, preferably can comprise a transparent polyethylene resistant to UV rays, where said film can also comprise a plastic padded surface, in order to maintain Insulation of the covered surface.
  • the materials, sizes, color and / or thickness of the film (2) comprising the surface cover (1) can be as varied according to the particular requirement, as they can comprise biodegradable materials, with multi-layer substrates, with different optical properties, with photo-selective material, anti-static, and / or a combination of these, as well as insecticides, herbicides, anti-fungi, with antiviral properties, fertilizers among other solutions and / or a combination of these, as well as particles and / or nano-particles of different materials and / or minerals, and / or a combination of these.
  • the flow conduction lines (9) comprising the surface cover (1) of the present invention, may comprise different sizes, colors, strength, materials, according to the type of flow that will be delivered, distributed and / or removed from the surface, where said pipe may comprise perforations, micro-perforation, grooves, where the materials may comprise PVC, Polyethylene, Plansa, rubber, among others, and / or a combination thereof.
  • the surface cover (1) comprising a film (2) and at least one conduction line flows (9) , it can also comprise at least one geo-textile, one geo-network, a padding (29) attached and / or fixed to one of the upper and / or lower surfaces (3, 4) of the film (2), covering the entire extent, size and / or shape of said surface cover (1), as well as partially covering the extent of said surface cover (1).
  • the configuration of said geo-textile and / or geo-network may comprise a biplanar and / or triplanar configuration, in order to facilitate the distribution of a flow, whether of gas, air, water and / or solutions, as well as the uptake of said flow, through the covered surface.
  • the surface cover (1) may comprise at least one perforation made through the film (2), such that said perforation may coincide with an irrigation means (10) of a flow line (9), as well as a sensor (12), so that said perforation (30) makes it easier to plant plants according to a pattern predetermined, for the purpose of using the surface cover (1) as an element in the plastic culture.
  • Said perforation (30) may comprise a pattern of die-cutting of the film layer, by means of micro-perforations, perforations, and / or puncturing, of the perimeter of the perforation (30), in such a way that said circumscribed portion of film (2) when its use is necessary, to facilitate the formation of the perforation (30) through the film (2), and prevent the film from tearing in an unwanted pattern.
  • Said strip, strip and / or huincha (19) comprises at least one die cut (25) that allows to form an open space, and / or said strip, strip and / or huincha comprises at least one opening (26), and / or said Strip, strip and / or huincha comprises at least one series of holes forming a hole pattern, as illustrated in Figure No. 10.
  • Said at least one fixing and / or joining element (17), as seen in Figure N ° 9, allows the flow line (9) and / or the sensor line (11) to be joined to at least one of the surfaces of the film (2), so that said lines are arranged between said strip, huincha and / or strip (17) and the at least one surface of the film (2), such that lateral portions of said huincha, strip and / or strip (17) is fixed to the at least one surface of the film (2), so that said fluid conduction line (9) and / or sensor line (11) is in between, where the fixing of said Lateral portions to the surface of the film (2) can be made by one of the plastics welding techniques or procedures, and / or by one of the mechanical joining systems, such as those described previously in the memory of the present application, or by simply gluing, darning or other attachment and / or fixation system, however in shape Preferred bonding and / or fixing between the lateral portions of the huincha, strip and / or strip (17) to the surface of the film (2) is
  • the material of the strip, strip and / or strip (17) may comprise a plastic, a thermoplastic, such as, for example, preferably may comprise a transparent UV resistant polyethylene.
  • the die cut (25) and / or the opening (26), and / or the holes comprising the strip, huincha and / or strip (17) when it is unit to the film (2) to retain the flow conduction lines (9 ) and / or the sensor line (11) are made to coincide with the at least one irrigation means (10) as well as to match said at least one sensor (12) so as to allow said sensor to be exposed in a certain way (12) to the environment and the irrigation means (10) to the hole punching pattern, to achieve a homogeneous distribution of the fluid that flows out and / or is delivered by said irrigation means (10), so that the pattern of punching of the holes allows a homogeneous distribution of the fluid over the surface that is covered.
  • At least one flow sensor (27) is fixed, retained and / or attached to at least one of the flow conduction lines (9), as illustrated in Figure 11, such that said sensor ( 27) allows to measure the flow conditions of the at least one flow line (9) to transmit and / or control the flow in said lines by means of the monitoring, control and / or system autonomous remote transmission (16), to control and / or remotely monitor the flow conditions that are conducted through said line.
  • said flow sensors (27) can comprise their own transmission system and remote and / or autonomous control.
  • the opposite end edges (5, 6) and opposite side edges (7, 8) of the film (2) of the cover (1) may comprise joining means, so that said film can be joined (2) laterally or at its ends to other adjacent films (2), thus forming surface covers (1) according to the required surface to be covered.
  • the hole pattern that is formed by the series of holes in the strip, strip and / or huincha (17) makes it possible to properly distribute the flow of fluid that is delivered from said irrigation means (10) over the surface that is covered with the film (2); This allows to improve the distribution of irrigation on the surface.
  • Figure 8 and 12 illustrate the way in which an example surface cover (1) is used, which in this particular case is used to cover leaching piles (28), the surface cover (1) ) comprises a series of flow conduction lines (9), which conduct a leaching solution, comprising a series of irrigation means (10), such as drippers, which are arranged spaced apart from each other along of said flow conduction lines (9), and where the series of flow conduction lines (9) are attached to the surface of the film (2) by using the strips (17), which comprise series of holes (26) which form a pattern of pre-defined holes along the surface of the strip (17), such that said hole pattern allows the leaching solution to be distributed evenly over the leach pile (28).
  • a series of flow conduction lines (9) which conduct a leaching solution
  • irrigation means (10) such as drippers
  • the series of flow conduction lines (9) are attached to the surface of the film (2) by using the strips (17), which comprise series of holes (26) which form a pattern of pre-defined holes along the surface of the strip (17), such that said hole pattern allows the leaching
  • a series of sensor lines (11) are joined to at least one of the surfaces of the film (2), where said lines comprise sensors (12) that are distributed along the sensor lines, such that said sensors They allow measuring, for example, the temperature and / or humidity, among other parameters to be measured, the sensor lines are connected to the surface of the film (2) by means of the arrangement of joining strips (17) comprising a series of openings and / or holes (26) that coincide with the sensors (12), so as to leave the sensors exposed to the surface of the leach pile and / or exposed to the environment.
  • a flow sensor (27) is arranged, which is connected to the remote data transmission system and an automatic flow control valve and operated remotely.
  • the configuration of the cover (1) as defined in a preferred way, allows to mount in one single operation a cover of a leaching stack, an irrigation mesh or irrigation system of leaching solution and a monitoring and control system for the parameters of the battery that is being leached.
  • the configuration of the cover (1) of the present invention makes it possible to reduce the installation time of the irrigation or irrigation system with coverage by approximately 66%, compared to the systems traditionally used in the art, where the first irrigation mesh on the leach pile, then a cover, and then a control and monitoring system, which translates into the use of large amounts of labor, as well as more time required at each stage of installation, where In addition, it is not possible to maintain a homogeneity in the distribution of irrigation lines, as well as in the distribution of the control and monitoring elements of the leaching stack.
  • the fact that the cover (1) of the present invention comprises in an integrated way an irrigation or irrigation system, and a control and / or monitoring system, makes it possible to provide a device for leaching of batteries that is easier to install and more efficient.
  • the film allows a greenhouse effect to be produced in the leach pile, generating greater reproduction of the bacterial flora, thus decreasing the process cycles, increasing the temperature with respect to the conventional leaching system, decreasing the evaporation rate of the leaching solution and of the water, thereby reducing the amount of water used , as well as a leaching solution, reducing production costs and thus making the leaching system more efficient, where through the sensor and flow sensor lines, the behavior of the leaching stack is monitored in real time and remotely.
  • the drippers which comprises the flow conduction line of the irrigation or irrigation mesh of the leaching cell that is attached to the film, allows to avoid the action of the wind on the surface of the pile, which produces a low in the sulfation of the drippers, thus maintaining a uniformity of irrigation, and which is also achieved by the homogeneous shape and distribution of the irrigation system that is achieved by the arrangement of the cover with the associated irrigation system.
  • the cover comprises a protective film, a irrigation mesh, a sensor mesh, and sensors associated with the irrigation mesh, allow to provide a cover that increases the temperature of a leach cell thus improving the process leaching and mineral recovery, increase battery moisture, decrease amount of leaching solution used as well as amount of water used in the process, avoid sulphation of the irrigation system, decrease environmental pollution, increase homogeneity of irrigation, and decrease the installation time of a irrigation mesh and water cover a leaching stack, as well as being able to keep the behavior of the leaching stack monitored online, and the leaching process and system, in order to react in real time and remotely to correct errors, and thus maximize results, where It is also possible to keep the cover in place by the weight given by the integrated irrigation mesh to the film, preventing it from being dragged by the wind

Abstract

The invention relates to a cover for covering surfaces for use in the fields of agriculture, plasticulture, mining, waste treatment, inter alia, areas of industry that require a surface to be covered and, in turn, a flow of gas, air and/or fluid, such as solutions or water, inter alia, to be conveyed, distributed or removed, said cover being configured to allow the monitoring and/or control of the the conditions of the covered surface, as well as the conditions of the flow of gas, air and/or fluid removed, delivered and/or distributed using said cover.

Description

CUBIERTA PARA CUBRIR SUPERFICIES  COVER TO COVER SURFACES
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se enmarca dentro del campo de la agricultura, tal como la que se refiere a la plasticultura, minería, tratamiento de desecho, entre otros, áreas de la industria en la cuales se requiere de cubrir una superficie y a la vez conducir o retirar un flujo de gas, aire y/o fluido, tal como soluciones, agua, entre otros, en forma particular se enmarca dentro del campo de las coberturas de superficies sobre las cuales es necesario, entregar, distribuir o bien retirar un flujo de fluido, gas o aire, cuya configuración permita además poder monitorear y/o controlar las condiciones de la superficie cubierta, así como como las condiciones del flujo de gas, aire y/o fluido retirado, entregado y/o distribuido mediante dicha cobertura. En forma preferente la presente invención se enmarca en la actividad minera, específicamente aquellas actividades o procedimientos que dicen relación con la extracción de minerales por solventes, tal como la lixiviación en pilas, así como la presente invención se enmarca en la plasticultura, y/o en la actividad de manejo de residuos industriales y/o domiciliarios. The present invention is framed within the field of agriculture, such as that related to plasticulture, mining, waste treatment, among others, areas of industry in which it is required to cover a surface and at the same time drive or remove a flow of gas, air and / or fluid, such as solutions, water, among others, in particular is framed within the field of surface coverage on which it is necessary to deliver, distribute or withdraw a fluid flow, gas or air, whose configuration also allows to be able to monitor and / or control the conditions of the covered surface, as well as the conditions of the flow of gas, air and / or fluid withdrawn, delivered and / or distributed through said coverage. Preferably, the present invention is part of the mining activity, specifically those activities or procedures that relate to the extraction of minerals by solvents, such as battery leaching, as well as the present invention is part of the plastic culture, and / or in the activity of industrial and / or household waste management.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
En el área de minería, uno de los procesos para obtener minerales corresponde al proceso de lixiviación, donde el procedimiento normalmente considera la formación de pilas de lixiviación del mineral proveniente desde la mina, el cual es reducido a una granulometría preestablecida, el cual se extiende sobre una base o superficie impermeable, las cuales pueden comprender láminas de película plástica. El material triturado es montado en la superficie para formar grandes pilas de mineral triturado a ser lixiviado. Una vez que la pila ha sido preparada, el metal objetivo es lixiviado mediante la circulación de una solución de lixiviación a través de la pila, en un procedimiento comúnmente conocido como percolación. Para llevar a cabo la percolación, la solución de lixiviación es distribuida sobre la parte superior de la pila, permitiendo que se infiltre hacia abajo a través de la pila en la superficie impermeable. In the mining area, one of the processes to obtain minerals corresponds to the leaching process, where the procedure normally considers the formation of leaching piles of the mineral coming from the mine, which is reduced to a pre-established granulometry, which extends on a waterproof base or surface, which may comprise sheets of plastic film. The crushed material is mounted on the surface to form large piles of crushed ore to be leached. Once the stack has been prepared, the target metal is leached by circulating a leaching solution through the stack, in a procedure commonly known as percolation. To perform percolation, the leaching solution is distributed over the top of the stack, allowing it to infiltrate downward through the stack on the impermeable surface.
i Existen una serie de opciones conocidas para distribución de la solución de lixiviación en la superficie superior de una pila. Las opciones que generalmente se utilizan corresponde a los sistema de pulverización o rociado de la solución sobre la superficie superior de la pila o sistemas de goteos, lo cual se logra mediante el montaje de una malla de regadío sobre la superficie de la pila a ser lixiviada. i There are a number of known options for distributing the leaching solution on the top surface of a stack. The options that are generally used correspond to the spray or spray system of the solution on the top surface of the stack or drip systems, which is achieved by mounting a irrigation mesh on the surface of the stack to be leached. .
La dosis de aplicación de soluciones de lixiviación están diseñadas para optimizar la recuperación de metales y minimizar el consumo de productos químicos, donde los factores críticos que influyen en lograr dicha relación corresponde al diseño de la pila, el sistema de riego y las condiciones climáticas del sitio en el cual es formada la pila. La uniformidad de distribución de la solución es esencial para maximizar la recuperación del metal. The application dose of leaching solutions are designed to optimize the recovery of metals and minimize the consumption of chemical products, where the critical factors that influence this relationship correspond to the design of the battery, the irrigation system and the climatic conditions of the site where the stack is formed. Uniform distribution of the solution is essential to maximize metal recovery.
El procedimiento de lixiviación en pilas posee la ventaja de permitir el tratamiento de una gran cantidad de mineral de baja ley a un abajo costo, sin embargo también posee una serie de desventajas, ya que el sistema de regadío utilizado considera la utilización de una malla de mangueras que poseen goteros o bien aspersores, ubicados a una distancia predeterminada, donde dicha malla de tubería de regadío es dispuesta por sobre la superficie superior de la pila a ser lixiviada, con lo cual se deja expuesto el regadío a las condiciones climáticas del sector en donde es diseñada la pila, es decir, la solución de lixiviación así como la pila que está siendo regada, se encuentra sujeta a perdidas por evaporación y perdidas por acción del viento, entre otro factores que afectan el proceso de la lixiviación. Las gotas de solución de lixiviación son arrastradas por el viento en las cercanías de la pila de lixiviación, lo que puede contaminar el medio ambiente con elementos tóxicos, y donde además por la acción del viento y la evaporación a la cual se ve sometida la pila de lixiviación, por estar directamente expuesta al ambiente, produce tasas de evaporación altas, lo cual implica en una gran cantidad de agua que es utilizada para llevar a cabo el proceso de lixiviación, lo que implica en el aumento de los costos de producción así como el perjuicio al medio ambiente. Otro de los factores importantes a considerar, donde además la evaporación causa la pérdida de calor, lo que baja la temperatura de la solución de lixiviación, bajando la tasa de reacción de la lixiviación química. La solución de lixiviación al verse expuesta en una gran superficie a la luz solar incrementa el potencial de degradación fotoquímico de los compuestos de lixiviación foto sensitivos, lo cual conduce a disminuir los resultados de la lixiviación. The heap leaching procedure has the advantage of allowing the treatment of a large amount of low grade ore at a low cost, however it also has a number of disadvantages, since the irrigation system used considers the use of a mesh of hoses that have drippers or sprinklers, located at a predetermined distance, where said mesh of irrigation pipe is disposed above the top surface of the pile to be leached, whereby irrigation is exposed to the climatic conditions of the sector in where the battery is designed, that is, the leaching solution as well as the battery that is being watered, is subject to losses due to evaporation and losses due to wind action, among other factors that affect the leaching process. The drops of leaching solution are carried by the wind in the vicinity of the leaching pile, which can contaminate the environment with toxic elements, and where also by the action of wind and evaporation to which the battery is subjected leaching, because it is directly exposed to the environment, produces high evaporation rates, which implies a large amount of water that is used to carry out the leaching process, which implies an increase in production costs as well as the damage to the environment. Another important factor to consider, where evaporation also causes heat loss, which lowers the temperature of the solution leaching, lowering the reaction rate of chemical leaching. The leaching solution when exposed on a large surface to sunlight increases the potential for photochemical degradation of photo sensitive leaching compounds, which leads to a decrease in leaching results.
En la actualidad en la técnica han sido utilizados films o cubiertas de la superficie a lixiviar que son dispuestos por sobre de la malla de irrigación o regadío, de forma de cubrir la superficie superior de la pila de lixiviación con dicha cubierta y así evitar la evaporación de la solución de lixiviación, así como aumentar la temperatura de la pila de lixiviación aumentando las condiciones de proliferación de bacterias en los procedimientos de bio-lixiviacion. No obstante lo anterior que dichas soluciones han producido una gran ventaja en manejar los parámetros de evaporación de la solución de lixiviación, disminuyen las tasa de utilización de agua y agentes lixiviantes, así como aumentar la temperatura de la pila de lixiviación, la operación de la disposición de dichos films sobre la superficie superior de la pila de lixiviación, implica la utilización de gran cantidad de mano de obra, así como tiempo requerido para su disposición y fijación, de forma que no sea vea afectada o arrastrado dicho film o cubiertas de la superficie de la pila de lixiviación por acción del viento. Currently, in the art films or covers of the surface to be leached have been used that are arranged above the irrigation or irrigation mesh, so as to cover the upper surface of the leach pile with said cover and thus avoid evaporation of the leaching solution, as well as increasing the temperature of the leaching stack by increasing the proliferation conditions of bacteria in the bio-leaching procedures. Notwithstanding the foregoing that these solutions have produced a great advantage in handling the evaporation parameters of the leaching solution, the utilization rates of water and leaching agents decrease, as well as increasing the temperature of the leaching cell, the operation of the The disposition of said films on the upper surface of the leaching stack implies the use of a large amount of labor, as well as the time required for its arrangement and fixation, so that said film or covers of the film are not affected or dragged. surface of the leaching pile by wind action.
Las pilas de lixiviación pueden ser lo suficientemente grandes y extensas requiriendo de gran cantidad de personal calificado que permitan monitorear y controlar el proceso de lixiviación, sin embargo hoy en día en la técnica se han desarrollado una serie de sistemas y procedimiento que permiten monitorear la tasa de irrigación, las zonas de saturación, el flujo de fluido en la malla de irrigación, la humedad, evaporación y temperatura de la pila de lixiviación, sin embargo dichos sistema consideran la utilización de una serie de dispositivos, sensores, cámaras, entre otros equipos, que deben de ser colocados en toda la extensión de la gran superficie de una pila de lixiviación, lo cual conduce a una gran cantidad de mano de obra calificada para dotar de una pila de lixiviación son sistema de monitoreo y control de la misma en forma automatizada. The leaching stacks can be large and extensive enough requiring a large number of qualified personnel to monitor and control the leaching process, however today a series of systems and procedures have been developed in the technique that allow the rate to be monitored. of irrigation, saturation zones, fluid flow in the irrigation mesh, humidity, evaporation and temperature of the leaching pile, however these systems consider the use of a series of devices, sensors, cameras, among other equipment , which must be placed over the entire length of the large surface area of a leach pile, which leads to a large amount of skilled labor to provide a leach pile, are a monitoring and control system automated
Otro campo en el cual son utilizadas las cubiertas para superficie de terrenos, son en el área de agricultura, donde la relación entre plásticos y, agricultura es tan estrecha que ha dado lugar a la plasticultura o agroplasticultura, que involucra el uso de los polímeros en la producción agrícola, a través de los acolchados de suelos, sistema de riego, mallas, túneles, invernadero y/o cubiertas, los cuales permiten adelantar cosechas, cultivar frutos fuera de temporada, controlar malezas e insectos, así como mejorar la eficiencia en el uso del agua, en el uso de fertilizantes y en el aprovechamiento del suelo mismo. La utilización de acolchados o esteras para cubrir la superficie del suelo en la producción agrícola es un procedimiento y sistema de producción que va en aumento en el mundo. Tradicionalmente dichas esteras son formadas por un film, donde a cada cierta distancia tanto entre hileras y sobre hilera es practicado un oficio para dejar un espacio libre de la superficie cubierta sobre la cual es dispuesta dicha estera, de forma tal que en dicho espacio es cultivado una planta o un árbol, y donde además sobre o debajo de la estera son dispuestas una serie de tuberías de regadío, donde los rociadores o bien goteros coinciden con el orificio practicado en la estera, en donde es cultivada la planta. Entre hileras generalmente es dispuesto un sustrato inerte, a modo de medio de sustentación de la estera contra la superficie sobre la cual es dispuesta. Another field in which the land area covers are used are in the area of agriculture, where the relationship between plastics and, agriculture is so narrow that it has given rise to plasticulture or agroplasticulture, which involves the use of polymers in agricultural production, through soil padding, irrigation system, meshes, tunnels, greenhouse and / or roofs, which they allow to advance crops, to cultivate fruits out of season, to control weeds and insects, as well as to improve the efficiency in the use of water, in the use of fertilizers and in the use of the soil itself. The use of quilts or mats to cover the surface of the soil in agricultural production is a procedure and production system that is increasing in the world. Traditionally, said mats are formed by a film, where at every certain distance between rows and on a row an office is practiced to leave a free space of the covered surface on which said mat is arranged, so that in said space it is cultivated a plant or a tree, and where also on or below the mat a series of irrigation pipes are arranged, where the sprinklers or drippers coincide with the hole made in the mat, where the plant is grown. Between rows, an inert substrate is generally arranged, as a means of supporting the mat against the surface on which it is arranged.
Otro campo en el cual son utilizadas las cubiertas para superficie de terrenos, son en el área de manejo de residuos domiciliarios y/o industriales, tal como los rellenos sanitarios, donde hay en día la tendencia mundial es manejar en forma eficiente y ecológica los rellenos sanitarios, evitando que los flujos de lixiviación que se producen por la descomposición del desecho, contaminen las napas subterráneas, así como el metano o gas que se produce por la descomposición de los desechos acopiados en pilas, pueda ser utilizado para la generación de energía. Para la implementación de dicho rellenos sanitarios es necesario el dotar de una serie de membranas impermeables y/o permeables para el manejos de los diferentes fluidos lixiviados así como para poder dotar también de la resistencia a las pilas, así como también son dotadas de una serie de tuberías para incorporar y/o retirar aire o gas en las pilas, así como también incorporar y/o retirar fluido en las pilas, tal como agua. Lixiviados, soluciones, entre otros. Uno de los problemas frecuentes en el manejo de la pilas de rellenos sanitarios, dice relación con la perdida de gas que se produce normalmente por las cubiertas superficiales de dicha pilas, las cuales debería de ser lo más impermeable posible, lo cual produce la contaminación del ambiente con gas que se produce de la descomposiciones de dichas pilas. Another field in which the land area covers are used, are in the area of household and / or industrial waste management, such as sanitary landfills, where there is a global trend today to efficiently and ecologically manage landfills. sanitary, avoiding that the leaching flows that are produced by the decomposition of the waste, contaminate the underground layers, as well as the methane or gas that is produced by the decomposition of the waste collected in batteries, can be used for the generation of energy. For the implementation of said sanitary landfills it is necessary to provide a series of waterproof and / or permeable membranes for the handling of the different leachate fluids as well as to be able to also provide resistance to the batteries, as well as they are equipped with a series of pipes to incorporate and / or remove air or gas in the batteries, as well as incorporate and / or remove fluid in the batteries, such as water. Leachate, solutions, among others. One of the frequent problems in the management of the landfill batteries, says it is related to the loss of gas which is normally produced by the surface covers of said batteries, which should be as impermeable as possible, which results in the contamination of the environment with gas that results from the decompositions of said batteries.
La cubiertas de superficies como definidas y utilizadas en el área minera así como en la agricultura y/o de manejos de rellenos sanitarios e industriales poseen la deficiencia que requiere de un gran cantidad de tiempo y mando de obra para lograr disponer tanto el sistema de entrega, distribución y/o retiro de un fluido como las cubiertas sobre la superficie a cubrir, lo que implica en una operación que si bien es cierto proporciona un sistema que permite regular las condiciones de la superficie cubiertas, tal como evaporación, temperatura, humedad, control de malezas, controlas de gases, control de aire, retiro de fluidos, entre otros, sin embargo es de alto costo su implementacion, producto de la mano de obra que se requiere para su instalación así como el tiempo que involucra su implementacion, a lo cual además se suma el tiempo y mano de obra calificada que es requerida para implementar un sistema de monitoreo y control de la superficie cubierta por dicha estera o film. The surface covers as defined and used in the mining area as well as in agriculture and / or sanitary and industrial landfill management have the deficiency that requires a large amount of time and work control to achieve both the delivery system , distribution and / or removal of a fluid such as the covers on the surface to be covered, which implies in an operation that although it is true provides a system that allows to regulate the surface conditions covered, such as evaporation, temperature, humidity, weed control, gas controls, air control, fluid removal, among others, however its implementation is high cost, product of the labor required for its installation as well as the time involved in its implementation, to which also adds the time and skilled labor that is required to implement a monitoring and control system of the surface covered by said mat or film.
Por lo tanto existe la necesidad en la técnica de poder contar con una capa, cubierta, estera y/o film, cuya configuración incluya en forma integrada en una sola pieza un sistema de entrega, distribución y/o retirada de fluido, así como un sistema de monitoreo y control de la superficie cubierta, que se encuentren integrados en la cubierta, de forma tal que por el solo hecho que sea desplegada y/o dispuesta dicha cubierta, capa, estera y/o film, al mismo tiempo quede desplegado, dispuesto e implementado un sistema de entrega, distribución y/o retirada de fluido (aire, gas, agua, solventes), y un sistema de monitoreo y control automático de los parámetros ambientales y/o de funcionamiento del sistema integrado de la cubierta de superficie. RESUMEN DE LA INVENCIÓN Therefore, there is a need in the art to be able to have a layer, cover, mat and / or film, the configuration of which includes in a single piece a delivery system, distribution and / or withdrawal of fluid, as well as a monitoring and control system of the covered surface, which are integrated in the cover, so that by the sole fact that said cover, layer, mat and / or film is deployed and / or arranged, at the same time it is deployed, arranged and implemented a system for delivery, distribution and / or withdrawal of fluid (air, gas, water, solvents), and an automatic monitoring and control system of the environmental and / or operating parameters of the integrated surface cover system . SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
El objeto primario de la invención, es un elemento que permita cubrir una superficie que posea en forma integrada un sistema de entrega, distribución y/o retirada de un flujo, ya sea de aire, gas y/o fluido, y un sistema de control y monitoreo. The primary object of the invention is an element that allows covering a surface that has an integrated delivery, distribution and / or withdrawal system for a flow, whether of air, gas and / or fluid, and a control system and monitoring.
Aun otro objetivo de la invención es proporcionar un cobertor para cubrir una superficie cuya configuración comprenda un film termoplástico que permita ser desplegado en forma rápida y eficiente para cubrir una superficie, y que a la vez se logre desplegar un sistema entrega, distribución y/o retirada de un flujo, ya sea de aire, gas y/o fluido, y un sistema para monitorear y controlar las condiciones de la superficie cubierta. Still another object of the invention is to provide a cover to cover a surface whose configuration comprises a thermoplastic film that allows to be deployed quickly and efficiently to cover a surface, and which at the same time can deliver a delivery, distribution and / or delivery system. withdrawal of a flow, either of air, gas and / or fluid, and a system to monitor and control the conditions of the covered surface.
Otro objetivo de la invención es proporcionar una cobertura para una superficie con un sistema de regadío integrado cuya configuración comprenda en forma integrada un sistema de monitoreo y control de flujo de regadío, de la temperatura y humedad de la superficie cubierta. Another object of the invention is to provide coverage for a surface with an integrated irrigation system whose configuration comprises in an integrated way a system for monitoring and controlling irrigation flow, of the temperature and humidity of the covered surface.
Otro objetivo de la invención es proporcionar un cobertor de superficie con un sistema de regadío por goteo integrado para ser dispuesto sobre una pila de lixiviación, cuya configuración comprenda en forma integrada a dicha cobertura un sistema de monitoreo y control de los parámetros de la pila de lixiviación en forma remota y autónoma. Another object of the invention is to provide a surface cover with an integrated drip irrigation system to be arranged on a leaching stack, the configuration of which comprises in a integrated manner to said coverage a monitoring and control system of the parameters of the stack of leaching remotely and autonomously.
La presente se refiere a una cubierta para cubrir superficies que permite entregar, distribuir y/o retirar un flujo, tal como aire, gas, agua, soluciones, fluido, así como monitorear y/o controlar la superficie cubierta, la cual comprende un film plástico al cual es adosado, unido y/o fijado al menos una línea de conducción de un flujo que posee al menos un medio de entrega, distribución y/o retirada de un flujo desde y/o hacia la superficie, y al cual es adosado, unido y/o fijado al menos un medio para el monitoreo y/o control de las condiciones de la superficie cubierta y/o del funcionamiento de la al menos una línea de conducción y/o del al menos un medio de entrega, distribución y/o retirada de un flujo desde y/o hacia la superficie. This refers to a cover to cover surfaces that allows delivery, distribution and / or withdrawal of a flow, such as air, gas, water, solutions, fluid, as well as monitoring and / or controlling the covered surface, which comprises a film plastic to which is attached, attached and / or fixed at least one line of conduction of a flow that has at least one means of delivery, distribution and / or withdrawal of a flow from and / or to the surface, and to which it is attached , attached and / or set at least one means for monitoring and / or control of the conditions of the covered surface and / or the operation of the at least a conduction line and / or at least one means of delivery, distribution and / or withdrawal of a flow from and / or to the surface.
DESCRIPCION DETALLADA DE LA INVENCION DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Diversas modalidades no limitantes de la presente invención se describirán ahora para proporcionar una comprensión general de los principios de función estructural, fabricación y uso de los aparatos, métodos y artículos descritos en la presente descripción. Uno o más ejemplos de estas modalidades no limitantes se ilustran en las figuras adjuntas. Los expertos en la materia entenderían que los aparatos y métodos específicamente descritos en la presente descripción e ilustrados en las figuras adjuntas son modalidades ilustrativas no limitantes y que el alcance de las diversas modalidades no limitantes de la presente invención se define, únicamente, por las reivindicaciones. Las características ilustradas o descritas en conjunto con una modalidad no limitante pueden combinarse con las características de otras modalidades no limitantes. Dichas modificaciones y variaciones tienen el propósito de estar incluidas en el alcance de la presente invención. Various non-limiting embodiments of the present invention will now be described to provide a general understanding of the principles of structural function, manufacture and use of the apparatus, methods and articles described in the present description. One or more examples of these non-limiting modalities are illustrated in the attached figures. Those skilled in the art would understand that the apparatus and methods specifically described in the present description and illustrated in the attached figures are non-limiting illustrative modalities and that the scope of the various non-limiting modalities of the present invention is defined solely by the claims. . The features illustrated or described in conjunction with a non-limiting modality can be combined with the characteristics of other non-limiting modalities. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de la realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de la descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado la invención. In order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, according to a preferred example of the practical embodiment thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of the description where, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, has represented the invention.
La figura 1.- corresponde una vista inferior en perspectiva de la cubierta de superficies en una primera modalidad de la invención. Figure 1 .- corresponds to a bottom perspective view of the surface cover in a first embodiment of the invention.
La figura 2.- corresponde una vista inferior en perspectiva de la cubierta de superficies en una segunda modalidad de la invención. La figura 3.- corresponde a una vista inferior en perspectiva de la cubierta de superficies en una tercera modalidad de la invención. Figure 2 .- corresponds to a bottom perspective view of the surface cover in a second embodiment of the invention. Figure 3.- corresponds to a bottom perspective view of the surface cover in a third embodiment of the invention.
La figura 4A.- corresponde a una vista de un corte transversal de la cubierta de la primera modalidad de la invención. Figure 4A.- corresponds to a cross-sectional view of the cover of the first embodiment of the invention.
La figura 4B.- corresponde a una vista de un corte transversal de la cubierta de la segunda modalidad de la invención. Figure 4B.- corresponds to a cross-sectional view of the cover of the second embodiment of the invention.
La figura 4C- corresponde a una vista de un corte transversal de la cubierta de la tercera modalidad de la invención. Figure 4C- corresponds to a cross-sectional view of the cover of the third embodiment of the invention.
La figura 5.- corresponde una vista inferior en perspectiva de la cubierta en una cuarta modalidad de la invención. Figure 5 .- corresponds to a bottom perspective view of the roof in a fourth embodiment of the invention.
La Figura 6.- corresponde a una vista inferior parcial en perspectiva de una cubierta de la invención en donde se muestra un medio de monitoreo y/o control integrado a la cubierta. Figure 6.- corresponds to a partial bottom perspective view of a cover of the invention showing a monitoring and / or control means integrated to the cover.
La figura 7.- corresponde a una vista superior en despiece en detalle de un medio de control y/o monitoreo que comprende la cubierta de la invención. Figure 7.- corresponds to an exploded top view in detail of a control and / or monitoring means comprising the cover of the invention.
La figura 8.- corresponde a una vista superior en perspectiva de una cubierta de la invención en una modalidad de la invención en que comprende al menos una línea de conducción de flujo y una línea de monitoreo y/o control. Figure 8 .- corresponds to a top perspective view of a cover of the invention in an embodiment of the invention in which it comprises at least one flow line and a monitoring and / or control line.
La figura 9.- corresponde a una vista inferior en perspectiva de una cubierta en una modalidad de la invención, que muestra al menos una línea de conducción de flujo y al menos un medio de fijación y/o unión de dicha línea. Figure 9 .- corresponds to a bottom perspective view of a cover in an embodiment of the invention, showing at least one flow line and at least one means for fixing and / or joining said line.
La figura 9A.- corresponde a una vista inferior frontal en perspectiva de un despiece de una cubierta que muestra al menos una línea de conducción de flujo y al menos un medio de fijación y/o unión de dicha línea en una modalidad de la invención. La figura 10.- corresponde a una vista superior en planta de al menos un medios de fijación y/o unión de una línea de conducción de flujo. Figure 9A.- corresponds to a front perspective bottom view of an exploded view of a cover showing at least one flow conduction line and at least one fixing and / or joining means of said line in an embodiment of the invention. Figure 10.- corresponds to a top plan view of at least one fixing and / or joining means of a flow line.
La figura 11.- corresponde a una vista inferior en perspectiva que muestra al menos un sensor de flujo que comprende la cubierta en una modalidad de la invención. Figure 11.- corresponds to a bottom perspective view showing at least one flow sensor comprising the cover in an embodiment of the invention.
La figura 12.- corresponde a una vista superior en perspectiva que representa la disposición de la cubierta de la invención sobre una superficie a cubrir. Figure 12 .- corresponds to a top perspective view representing the arrangement of the cover of the invention on a surface to be covered.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCION PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
La invención corresponde a una cubierta de superficies (1) que comprende un film (2) que posee una superficie superior (3) y una superficie inferior (4) que definen una área circunscrita por bordes de extremo (5, 6) opuestos y bordes laterales (7, 8) opuestos, configurando un área de cobertura definida por el film (2) que comprende diferentes formas, dimensiones y tamaños. Para efectos de mejor entender la invención, se ha definido como superficie inferior (4) del film (2), aquella superficie que queda mirando la superficie que será cubierta o bien sobre la cual será dispuesto la cubierta (1). Al menos una línea de conducción de flujos (9), tal como fluidos, soluciones, agua, aire, gas, entre otros, es unida y/o fijada a la superficie inferior (4) del film (2), en una modalidad preferida, sin embargo dicha línea de conducción de flujos (9), tal como puede ser bien comprendido por una persona normalmente versada en la materia, puede ser unida y/o fijada a la superficie superior (3) del film (2), así como el film (2) puede ser dotado de líneas de conducción de flujos (9) en ambas superficies inferior y superior (3, 4). La línea de conducción de flujos (9) comprende al menos un medio de entrega, distribución y/o retirada de un flujo desde y/o hacia la superficie (10), tal como se puede aprecia en una primera modalidad de la invención ilustrada en la figura N° 1 y 4A dicho medio puede comprender al menos un medio para irrigación (10), donde dicho medio de irrigación se encuentra dispuesto en una distribución espaciada a lo largo de la línea de conducción de flujos (9), donde dicho medio de irrigación puede comprender un aspersor, un gotero, un micro-aspersor, o cualquier otro medio de distribución de fluidos, agua, soluciones, entre otras. The invention corresponds to a surface cover (1) comprising a film (2) having an upper surface (3) and a lower surface (4) defining an area circumscribed by opposite end edges (5, 6) and edges opposite sides (7, 8), configuring a coverage area defined by the film (2) comprising different shapes, dimensions and sizes. For purposes of better understanding the invention, the lower surface (4) of the film (2) has been defined as that surface that looks at the surface that will be covered or on which the cover (1) will be arranged. At least one flow conduction line (9), such as fluids, solutions, water, air, gas, among others, is attached and / or fixed to the bottom surface (4) of the film (2), in a preferred embodiment , however, said flow conduction line (9), as it can be well understood by a person normally versed in the matter, can be attached and / or fixed to the upper surface (3) of the film (2), as well as The film (2) can be provided with flow conduction lines (9) on both lower and upper surfaces (3, 4). The flow line (9) comprises at least one means of delivery, distribution and / or withdrawal of a flow from and / or to the surface (10), as can be seen in a first embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 1 and 4A said means may comprise at least one means for irrigation (10), wherein said means of irrigation is arranged in a spaced distribution along the flow line (9), where said irrigation means can comprise a sprinkler, a dripper, a micro-sprinkler, or any other means of distribution of fluids, water, solutions, among others.
Tal como se puede apreciar en la figura N° 2 y 4B, al menos una línea de sensores (11) puede ser unida y/o fijada a al menos una de las superficies (3, 4) del film, donde dicha línea de sensores comprende al menos un sensor (12), el cual puede medir la temperatura y/o la humedad, entre otros parámetros de la superficie cubierta con la cubierta (1). En una modalidad de la invención, el al menos un sensor que comprende la línea de sensores, puede comprender un sensor que permite medir y/o monitorear, la temperatura, la humedad, el flujo de aire, la luminosidad, radiación, evaporación, saturación de la superficie, aireación, entre otros parámetros, así como dichos sensores pueden comprender micro-cámaras para la captura de imágenes, imágenes infrarrojas, entre otros. En la figura N° 7 a modo de ejemplo se ilustra un despiece de al menos la línea de sensores (11) en donde se puede apreciar al menos un sensor (12), donde dicha línea de sensores comprende un cable (13) al cual se encuentra unido al menos un sensor (12), el cual puede estar cubierto por un capsula (14) que es fijada por medio de elementos de fijación (15) unidos al cable (13) de la línea de sensores (11), de forma de lograr mantener protegido el sensor (12). La al menos una línea de sensores (11) se encuentra unidad a un sistema de monitoreo, control y/o transmisión remota autónoma (16), tal como es ilustrado en la figura N° 8, que permiten transmitir los diferentes parámetros que son registrados y/o monitoreados por el al menos un sensor (12) en forma inalámbrica a un centro de control principal. Dicho sistema de transmisión, monitoreo y/o control es remoto y autónomo, ya que puede ser energizado en forma independiente, en cualquier lugar en donde sea utilizada la cubierta de superficies (1), en donde no se encuentre disponible la energía eléctrica, al comprender dispositivos de generación eléctrica renovable, tal como por ejemplo energía fotovoltaica y/o eólica. As can be seen in Figure N ° 2 and 4B, at least one sensor line (11) can be attached and / or fixed to at least one of the surfaces (3, 4) of the film, where said sensor line It comprises at least one sensor (12), which can measure temperature and / or humidity, among other parameters of the surface covered with the cover (1). In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one sensor comprising the sensor line may comprise a sensor that allows measuring and / or monitoring, temperature, humidity, air flow, luminosity, radiation, evaporation, saturation of the surface, aeration, among other parameters, as well as said sensors may comprise micro-cameras for image capture, infrared images, among others. An exploded view of at least the sensor line (11) where at least one sensor (12), where said sensor line comprises a cable (13) to which is shown, is illustrated by way of example. at least one sensor (12) is attached, which may be covered by a capsule (14) which is fixed by means of fixing elements (15) attached to the cable (13) of the sensor line (11), of way to keep the sensor protected (12). The at least one line of sensors (11) is located unit to a system of monitoring, control and / or autonomous remote transmission (16), as illustrated in Figure N ° 8, which allow transmitting the different parameters that are registered and / or monitored by the at least one sensor (12) wirelessly to a main control center. Said transmission, monitoring and / or control system is remote and autonomous, since it can be energized independently, wherever the surface cover is used (1), where electrical power is not available, by comprise renewable electricity generation devices, such as for example photovoltaic and / or wind energy.
Cada una de las líneas de conducción de fluidos (9) así como las líneas de sensores (11) son unidas a al menos una de las superficie (3, 4) del film que comprende la cubierta de superficies (1), mediante diferentes técnicas de soladura de plásticos, tal como mediante procesos de soladura por placas calientes, soldadura por aire/gas caliente, sellado por calor, termo fusión, soldadura por extrusión, soldadura por inyección, soldadura por ultrasonido, soldadura por alta frecuencia, soldadura por láser, soldadura por vibración, así como también dichas líneas de conducción de fluidos (9) y líneas de sensores (11) pueden ser unidas a una de las superficie del film (2) de la cubierta (1) de superficies mediante elementos mecánicos, tal como mediante una cinta adhesiva de doble contacto, por ejemplo adhesivas, velero entre otros, así como a través de diferentes soluciones, tal como pegamentos. El material del film (2) puede comprende un plástico, un termoplástico, tal como por ejemplo en forma preferentemente puede comprender un polietileno transparente resistente a los rayos UV, donde además dicho film, puede comprende una superficie acolchada de plástico, de forma de mantener la aislación de la superficie cubierta. Los materiales, tamaños, color y/o espesor del film (2) que comprende la cubierta de superficies (1) pueden ser tan variados de acuerdo al requerimiento particular, tal como pueden comprender materiales biodegradables, con sustratos de multi-capas, con diferentes propiedad ópticas, con material foto-selectivos, anti-estáticos, y/o una combinación de éstos, así como pueden incorporar insecticidas, herbicidas, anti-hongos, con propiedades antivirales, fertilizantes entre otras soluciones y/o una combinación de éstos, así como partículas y/o nano-partículas de diferentes materiales y/o minerales, y/o una combinación de éstos. Las líneas de conducción de flujos (9) que comprende la cubierta de superficie (1) de la presente invención, pueden comprender diferente tamaños, colores, resistencia, materiales, de acuerdo al tipo de flujo que será entregado, distribuido y/o retirado desde la superficie, donde dicha tubería pueden comprender perforaciones, micro-perforación, ranuras, donde los material pueden comprender PVC, Polietileno, Plansa, caucho, entre otros, y/o una combinación de éstos. Each of the fluid conduction lines (9) as well as the sensor lines (11) are joined to at least one of the surfaces (3, 4) of the film comprising the surface cover (1), by different techniques from plastics welding, such as by hot plate welding processes, air / hot gas welding, heat sealing, thermo fusion, extrusion welding, injection welding, ultrasonic welding, high frequency welding, laser welding, welding by vibration, as well as said fluid conduction lines (9) and sensor lines (11) can be attached to one of the surface of the film (2) of the surface cover (1) by mechanical elements, such as by a double contact adhesive tape, for example adhesives, sailboat among others, as well as through different solutions, such as glues. The material of the film (2) can comprise a plastic, a thermoplastic, such as, for example, preferably can comprise a transparent polyethylene resistant to UV rays, where said film can also comprise a plastic padded surface, in order to maintain Insulation of the covered surface. The materials, sizes, color and / or thickness of the film (2) comprising the surface cover (1) can be as varied according to the particular requirement, as they can comprise biodegradable materials, with multi-layer substrates, with different optical properties, with photo-selective material, anti-static, and / or a combination of these, as well as insecticides, herbicides, anti-fungi, with antiviral properties, fertilizers among other solutions and / or a combination of these, as well as particles and / or nano-particles of different materials and / or minerals, and / or a combination of these. The flow conduction lines (9) comprising the surface cover (1) of the present invention, may comprise different sizes, colors, strength, materials, according to the type of flow that will be delivered, distributed and / or removed from the surface, where said pipe may comprise perforations, micro-perforation, grooves, where the materials may comprise PVC, Polyethylene, Plansa, rubber, among others, and / or a combination thereof.
En una tercera modalidad preferente de la invención, tal como se aprecia a modo ilustrativo en las figura N° 3 y 4C, la cubierta de superficies (1) que comprende un film (2) y al menos una línea de conducción flujos (9), además puede comprender al menos un geo-textil, una geo-red, un acolchado (29) unido y/o fijado a una de las superficies superior y/o inferior (3, 4) del film (2), cubriendo la totalidad de la extensión, tamaño y/o forma de dicha cubierta de superficies (1), así como puede cubrir parcialmente la extensión de dicha cubierta de superficies (1). La configuración de dicho geo-textil y/o geo-red puede comprender una configuración biplanar y/o triplanar, con el objeto de facilitar la distribución de un flujo, ya sea de gas, aire, agua y/o soluciones, así como la captación de dicho flujo, a través de la superficie cubierta. In a third preferred embodiment of the invention, as shown illustratively in Figures No. 3 and 4C, the surface cover (1) comprising a film (2) and at least one conduction line flows (9) , it can also comprise at least one geo-textile, one geo-network, a padding (29) attached and / or fixed to one of the upper and / or lower surfaces (3, 4) of the film (2), covering the entire extent, size and / or shape of said surface cover (1), as well as partially covering the extent of said surface cover (1). The configuration of said geo-textile and / or geo-network may comprise a biplanar and / or triplanar configuration, in order to facilitate the distribution of a flow, whether of gas, air, water and / or solutions, as well as the uptake of said flow, through the covered surface.
En una cuarta modalidad de la invención, en forma preferente ilustrada en la figura N° 5, la cubierta de superficies (1) puede comprender al menos una perforación realizada a través del film (2), de forma tal que dicha perforación puede coincidir con un medio de irrigación (10) de una línea de conducción de flujo (9), así como también puede coincidir con un sensor (12), de forma tal que dicha perforación (30) permite facilitar la plantación de plantas de acuerdo a un patrón predeterminado, para efectos de la utilización de la cubierta de superficies (1) como un elemento en la plasticultura. Dicha perforación (30), puede comprende un patrón de troquelado de la capa de film, mediante micro- perforaciones, perforaciones, y/o punzado, del perímetro de la perforación (30), de forma tal que permita ser quitada dicha porción circunscrita de film (2) cuando sea necesario su utilización, para facilitar así la formación de la perforación (30) a través del film (2), y evitar que el film se rasgue en un patrón no deseado. In a fourth embodiment of the invention, preferably illustrated in Figure No. 5, the surface cover (1) may comprise at least one perforation made through the film (2), such that said perforation may coincide with an irrigation means (10) of a flow line (9), as well as a sensor (12), so that said perforation (30) makes it easier to plant plants according to a pattern predetermined, for the purpose of using the surface cover (1) as an element in the plastic culture. Said perforation (30), may comprise a pattern of die-cutting of the film layer, by means of micro-perforations, perforations, and / or puncturing, of the perimeter of the perforation (30), in such a way that said circumscribed portion of film (2) when its use is necessary, to facilitate the formation of the perforation (30) through the film (2), and prevent the film from tearing in an unwanted pattern.
En las figuras N° 9, 9A y 10 se puede apreciar a modo de ejemplo en forme preferente, al menos un elemento de fijación y/o unión (17) de las líneas de conducción de flujos (9) y de las líneas de sensores (11), donde en una forma preferente de realización, dicho al menos un elemento de fijación y/o unión (17) se encuentra configurado como una tira, huincha y/o franja (18), que comprende una superficie superior e inferior (19, 20) definida por bordes de extremos (21, 22) opuestos y bordes laterales (23, 24) opuestos, que definen un área o superficie de diferentes dimensiones. Dicha tira, franja y/o huincha (19) comprende al menos un troquelado (25) que permite formar un espacio abierto, y/o dicha franja, tira y/o huincha comprende al menos una abertura (26), y/o dicha franja, tira y/o huincha comprende al menos una serie de orificios que forman un patrón de orificios, tal como se ilustra en la figura N° 10. Dicho al menos un elemento de fijación y/o unión (17), tal como se aprecia en la figura N° 9A permite unir la línea de conducción de flujos (9) y/o la línea de sensores (11) a al menos una de las superficies del film (2), de forma que dichas líneas quedan dispuestas entre dicha franja, huincha y/o tira (17) y la al menos una superficie del film (2), de forma tal que porciones laterales de dicha huincha, franja y/o tira (17) es fijada a la al menos una superficie del film (2), para que quede entremedio dicha línea de conducción de fluidos (9) y/o línea de sensores (11), donde la fijación de dichas porciones laterales a la superficie del film (2) puede ser realizada mediante una de las técnicas o procedimientos de soldadura de plásticos, y/o mediante una de los sistema de unión mecánicos, tal como los descritos precedentemente en la memoria de la presente solicitud, o bien mediante simplemente el pegado, zurcido u otro sistema de unión y/o fijación, sin embargo en forma preferente de unión y/o fijación entre las porciones laterales de la huincha, franja y/o tira (17) a la superficie del film (2) es realizado mediante termo fusión. El material de la huincha, franja y/o tira (17) puede comprender un plástico, un termoplástico, tal como por ejemplo en forma preferentemente puede comprender un polietileno transparente resistente a los rayos UV. El troquelado (25) y/o la abertura (26), y/o los orificios que comprende la franja, huincha y/o tira (17) cuando es unidad al film (2) para retener las líneas de conducción de flujo (9) y/o la línea sensores (11) se hacen coincidir con el al menos un medio para irrigación (10) así como para hacer coincidir con dicho al menos un sensor (12) de forma de permiten dejar expuesto en cierta forma a dicho sensor (12) al ambiente y al medios de irrigación (10) al patrón de troquelado de los orificios, para lograr una distribución homogénea del fluido que sale y/o es entregado por dicho medio de irrigación (10), de forma que el patrón de troquelado de los orificios permite una distribución homogénea del fluido sobre la superficie que es cubierta. In Figures 9, 9A and 10 it can be seen, by way of example, preferably, at least one fixing and / or joining element (17) of the flow conduction lines (9) and of the sensor lines (11), where in a preferred embodiment, said at least one fixing and / or joining element (17) is configured as a strip, strip and / or strip (18), which comprises an upper and lower surface ( 19, 20) defined by edges of opposite ends (21, 22) and opposite side edges (23, 24), which define an area or surface of different dimensions. Said strip, strip and / or huincha (19) comprises at least one die cut (25) that allows to form an open space, and / or said strip, strip and / or huincha comprises at least one opening (26), and / or said Strip, strip and / or huincha comprises at least one series of holes forming a hole pattern, as illustrated in Figure No. 10. Said at least one fixing and / or joining element (17), as seen in Figure N ° 9, allows the flow line (9) and / or the sensor line (11) to be joined to at least one of the surfaces of the film (2), so that said lines are arranged between said strip, huincha and / or strip (17) and the at least one surface of the film (2), such that lateral portions of said huincha, strip and / or strip (17) is fixed to the at least one surface of the film (2), so that said fluid conduction line (9) and / or sensor line (11) is in between, where the fixing of said Lateral portions to the surface of the film (2) can be made by one of the plastics welding techniques or procedures, and / or by one of the mechanical joining systems, such as those described previously in the memory of the present application, or by simply gluing, darning or other attachment and / or fixation system, however in shape Preferred bonding and / or fixing between the lateral portions of the huincha, strip and / or strip (17) to the surface of the film (2) is performed by thermo fusion. The material of the strip, strip and / or strip (17) may comprise a plastic, a thermoplastic, such as, for example, preferably may comprise a transparent UV resistant polyethylene. The die cut (25) and / or the opening (26), and / or the holes comprising the strip, huincha and / or strip (17) when it is unit to the film (2) to retain the flow conduction lines (9 ) and / or the sensor line (11) are made to coincide with the at least one irrigation means (10) as well as to match said at least one sensor (12) so as to allow said sensor to be exposed in a certain way (12) to the environment and the irrigation means (10) to the hole punching pattern, to achieve a homogeneous distribution of the fluid that flows out and / or is delivered by said irrigation means (10), so that the pattern of punching of the holes allows a homogeneous distribution of the fluid over the surface that is covered.
Al menos un sensor de flujo (27) es fijado, retenido y/o unido a al menos una de las líneas de conducción de flujo (9), tal como ilustrado en la figura N° 11 , de forma tal, que dicho sensor (27) permite medir las condiciones de flujo de la al menos una línea de conducción de flujo (9) para transmitir y/o controlar el flujo en dichas líneas mediante el sistema de monitoreo, control y/o transmisión remota autónoma (16), para controlar y/o monitorear en forma remota las condiciones de flujo que es conducido a través de dicha línea. En una forma alternativa dichos sensores de flujo (27), pueden comprender su propio sistema de transmisión y control remoto y/o autónomo. At least one flow sensor (27) is fixed, retained and / or attached to at least one of the flow conduction lines (9), as illustrated in Figure 11, such that said sensor ( 27) allows to measure the flow conditions of the at least one flow line (9) to transmit and / or control the flow in said lines by means of the monitoring, control and / or system autonomous remote transmission (16), to control and / or remotely monitor the flow conditions that are conducted through said line. In an alternative form, said flow sensors (27) can comprise their own transmission system and remote and / or autonomous control.
En una modalidad de la invención, los bordes de extremo (5, 6) opuestos y bordes laterales (7, 8) opuestos del film (2) del cobertor (1) pueden comprender medios de unión, de forma tal de poder unir dicho film (2) en forma lateral o bien por sus extremos a otros films (2) adyacentes, para formar así cubiertas de superficies (1) de acuerdo a la superficie requerida a cubrir. In one embodiment of the invention, the opposite end edges (5, 6) and opposite side edges (7, 8) of the film (2) of the cover (1) may comprise joining means, so that said film can be joined (2) laterally or at its ends to other adjacent films (2), thus forming surface covers (1) according to the required surface to be covered.
El patrón de orificios que se forma por la serie de orificios de la franja, tira y/o huincha (17) permite distribuir de manera adecuada el flujo de fluido que se entrega desde dichos medios de irrigación (10) sobre la superficie que se encuentra cubierta con el film (2); esto permite mejorar la distribución de regadío sobre la superficie. The hole pattern that is formed by the series of holes in the strip, strip and / or huincha (17) makes it possible to properly distribute the flow of fluid that is delivered from said irrigation means (10) over the surface that is covered with the film (2); This allows to improve the distribution of irrigation on the surface.
Ejemplo de Aplicación: Application Example:
En la figura N° 8 y 12 se ilustra la forma en que es utilizado una cubierta de superficies (1) a modo de ejemplo, que en este caso particular es utilizado para cubrir pilas de lixiviación (28), la cubierta de superficies (1) comprende una serie de líneas de conducción de flujos (9), las cuales conducen una solución de lixiviación, que comprenden una serie de medios de irrigación (10), tal como goteros, que son dispuestos en forma distanciada uno de otro a lo largo de dichas líneas de conducción de flujos (9), y donde la serie de líneas de conducción de flujos (9) son unidas a la superficie del film (2) mediante la utilización de las franjas (17), las cuales comprenden series de orificios (26) que forman un patrón de orificios predefinidos a lo largo de la superficie de la franja (17), de forma tal que dicho patrón de orificios permite distribuir en forma homogénea la solución de lixiviación sobre la pila de lixiviación (28). Una serie de línea de sensores (11) son unidas a al menos una de las superficies del film (2), donde dichas líneas comprenden sensores (12) que se encuentra distribuidos a lo largo de las líneas de sensores, de forma que dicho sensores permiten medir a modo de ejemplo la temperatura y/o la humedad, entre otros parámetros a medir, las líneas de sensores son unidas a la superficie del film (2) mediante la disposición de franjas de unión (17) que comprenden una serie de aberturas y/o orificios (26) que coinciden con los sensores (12), de forma de dejar expuestos los sensores a la superficie de la pila de lixiviación y/o expuestos al ambiente. La serie de líneas de conducción de flujos (9) unidas a la superficie del film (2), forman una malla de irrigación o regadío de solución de lixiviación, y la serie de líneas de sensores (11) logran definir una red de sensores que comprende la cubierta (1) integrados a ésta, permitiendo así regar, monitorear y/o controlar las pilas de lixiviación, donde dichas líneas de sensores, se encuentran conectadas a un sistema de transmisión de datos, que opera en forma remota y autónoma. En cada línea de conducción de flujos, tal como solución de lixiviación, es dispuesto un sensor de flujo (27), el cual se encuentra conectado al sistema de transmisión de datos remoto y a una válvula de control de flujo automático y operado en forma remota. La configuración de la cubierta (1) tal como definido en forma preferente, permite montar en una sola operación una cubierta de una pila de lixiviación, una malla de irrigación o regadío de solución lixiviante y un sistema de monitoreo y control de los parámetros de la pila que está siendo lixiviada. Figure 8 and 12 illustrate the way in which an example surface cover (1) is used, which in this particular case is used to cover leaching piles (28), the surface cover (1) ) comprises a series of flow conduction lines (9), which conduct a leaching solution, comprising a series of irrigation means (10), such as drippers, which are arranged spaced apart from each other along of said flow conduction lines (9), and where the series of flow conduction lines (9) are attached to the surface of the film (2) by using the strips (17), which comprise series of holes (26) which form a pattern of pre-defined holes along the surface of the strip (17), such that said hole pattern allows the leaching solution to be distributed evenly over the leach pile (28). A series of sensor lines (11) are joined to at least one of the surfaces of the film (2), where said lines comprise sensors (12) that are distributed along the sensor lines, such that said sensors They allow measuring, for example, the temperature and / or humidity, among other parameters to be measured, the sensor lines are connected to the surface of the film (2) by means of the arrangement of joining strips (17) comprising a series of openings and / or holes (26) that coincide with the sensors (12), so as to leave the sensors exposed to the surface of the leach pile and / or exposed to the environment. The series of flow conduction lines (9) attached to the surface of the film (2), form an irrigation or irrigation mesh of leaching solution, and the series of sensor lines (11) manage to define a network of sensors that It includes the cover (1) integrated to it, thus allowing to water, monitor and / or control the leaching stacks, where said sensor lines are connected to a data transmission system, which operates remotely and autonomously. In each flow line, such as a leaching solution, a flow sensor (27) is arranged, which is connected to the remote data transmission system and an automatic flow control valve and operated remotely. The configuration of the cover (1), as defined in a preferred way, allows to mount in one single operation a cover of a leaching stack, an irrigation mesh or irrigation system of leaching solution and a monitoring and control system for the parameters of the battery that is being leached.
La configuración de la cubierta (1) de la presente invención, permite disminuir en aproximadamente un 66 % el tiempo de instalación del sistema de irrigación o regadío con cobertura, respecto de los sistema tradicional mente utilizados en la técnica, en donde primero es dispuesta la malla de regadío sobre la pila de lixiviación, luego una cobertura, y posteriormente un sistema de control y monitoreo, lo cual se traduce en la utilización de gran cantidad de mano de obra, así como un mayor tiempo requerido en cada etapa de instalación, donde además no se logra mantener una homogeneidad en la distribución de las líneas de regadío, así como en la distribución de los elementos de control y monitorea de la pila de lixiviación. El hecho que la cubierta (1) de la presente invención comprenda en forma integrada un sistema de irrigación o regadío, y un sistema control y/o monitoreo, permite proporcionar un dispositivo para lixiviación de pilas más sencillo de instalar y más eficiente. Mediante el patrón de orificios asociados a los goteros de la solución de lixiviación, se logra conducir y distribuir de manera mucho más eficiente y homogénea la solución de lixiviación, donde a la vez el film, permite producir un efecto invernadero en la pila de lixiviación, generando mayor reproducción de la flora bacteriana, disminuyendo así los ciclos del proceso, aumentado la temperatura respecto del sistema convencional de lixiviación, disminuyendo la tasa de evaporación de la solución de lixiviación y del agua, con lo cual se logra disminuir la cantidad de agua utilizada, así como solución de lixiviación, disminuyendo los costos de producción y por ende haciendo más eficiente el sistema de lixiviación, donde mediante las línea de sensores y sensor de flujo, se logra monitorear en tiempo real y remota el comportamiento de la pila de lixiviación. The configuration of the cover (1) of the present invention makes it possible to reduce the installation time of the irrigation or irrigation system with coverage by approximately 66%, compared to the systems traditionally used in the art, where the first irrigation mesh on the leach pile, then a cover, and then a control and monitoring system, which translates into the use of large amounts of labor, as well as more time required at each stage of installation, where In addition, it is not possible to maintain a homogeneity in the distribution of irrigation lines, as well as in the distribution of the control and monitoring elements of the leaching stack. The fact that the cover (1) of the present invention comprises in an integrated way an irrigation or irrigation system, and a control and / or monitoring system, makes it possible to provide a device for leaching of batteries that is easier to install and more efficient. Through the pattern of holes associated with the drippers of the leaching solution, it is possible to conduct and distribute the leaching solution much more efficiently and homogeneously, where at the same time the film allows a greenhouse effect to be produced in the leach pile, generating greater reproduction of the bacterial flora, thus decreasing the process cycles, increasing the temperature with respect to the conventional leaching system, decreasing the evaporation rate of the leaching solution and of the water, thereby reducing the amount of water used , as well as a leaching solution, reducing production costs and thus making the leaching system more efficient, where through the sensor and flow sensor lines, the behavior of the leaching stack is monitored in real time and remotely.
En pruebas realizadas se ha podido medir los resultados indicados precedentemente, es así que por ejemplo la temperatura al interior de la pila cubierta con la cubierta (1) de la invención de la presente solicitud, a diferentes profundidades aumenta entre 5 a 6 grados respecto de la pila de lixiviación sin cobertura, donde la tasa de evaporación en la pila de lixiviación sin cobertura fue en un promedio de 10,8 It/día/m2 y la tasa de evaporación de la pila de lixiviación con la cubierta de la presente invención fue en un promedio de 0,42 It/día/m2, lo que significa un 90 % en ahorro de agua y solución de lixiviación, por concepto de evaporación. El hecho que los goteros, que comprende la línea de conducción de flujos de la malla de irrigación o regadío de la pila de lixiviación que se encuentra unida al film, permite evitar la acción del viento sobre la superficie de la pila, lo que produce una baja en la sulfatación de los goteros, logrando así mantener una uniformidad del regadío, y lo cual además se logra por la forma y distribución homogénea del sistema regadío que se logra por la disposición de la cubierta con el sistema de regadío asociado. In tests carried out it has been possible to measure the results indicated above, so that for example the temperature inside the battery covered with the cover (1) of the invention of the present application, at different depths increases between 5 to 6 degrees with respect to the leach heap without coverage, where the evaporation rate in the leach heap without coverage was an average of 10.8 It / day / m2 and the evaporation rate of the leach pile with the cover of the present invention was at an average of 0.42 It / day / m2, which means 90% in saving water and leaching solution, by evaporation concept. The fact that the drippers, which comprises the flow conduction line of the irrigation or irrigation mesh of the leaching cell that is attached to the film, allows to avoid the action of the wind on the surface of the pile, which produces a low in the sulfation of the drippers, thus maintaining a uniformity of irrigation, and which is also achieved by the homogeneous shape and distribution of the irrigation system that is achieved by the arrangement of the cover with the associated irrigation system.
El hecho que la cubierta comprenda en forma unitaria un film protector, una malla de regadío, una malla de sensores, y sensores asociados a la malla de regadío, permiten proporcionar una cobertura que logra aumentar la temperatura de una pila de lixiviación mejorando así el proceso de lixiviación y la recuperación de minerales, aumentar la humedad de la pila, disminuir la cantidad de solución de lixiviación utilizada así como cantidad de agua utilizada en el proceso, evitar la sulfatación del sistema de regadío, disminuir la contaminación del ambiente, aumentar la homogeneidad de regadío, y disminuir el tiempo de instalación de una malla de regadío y cobertura de una pila de lixiviación, así como lograr mantener monitoreado en línea el comportamiento de la pila de lixiviación, y el proceso y sistema de lixiviación, de forma de poder reaccionar en tiempo real y remota para corregir los errores, y así maximizar los resultados, donde además se logra mantener la cubierta en su lugar por el peso que otorga la malla de irrigación integrada al film, evitando que éste sea arrastrado por acción del viento The fact that the cover comprises a protective film, a irrigation mesh, a sensor mesh, and sensors associated with the irrigation mesh, allow to provide a cover that increases the temperature of a leach cell thus improving the process leaching and mineral recovery, increase battery moisture, decrease amount of leaching solution used as well as amount of water used in the process, avoid sulphation of the irrigation system, decrease environmental pollution, increase homogeneity of irrigation, and decrease the installation time of a irrigation mesh and water cover a leaching stack, as well as being able to keep the behavior of the leaching stack monitored online, and the leaching process and system, in order to react in real time and remotely to correct errors, and thus maximize results, where It is also possible to keep the cover in place by the weight given by the integrated irrigation mesh to the film, preventing it from being dragged by the wind
Si bien la forma de la cubierta de superficies aquí descrita constituyen una inclusión preferida de esta invención, se debe entender que la invención no se limita a esta forma precisa de cubierta de superficies, y que se pueden hacer cambios en ésta sin apartarse del alcance de la invención, que se definen en las reivindicaciones adjuntas. While the shape of the surface cover described herein constitutes a preferred inclusion of this invention, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to this precise form of surface cover, and that changes can be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention, which are defined in the appended claims.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. - Cubierta para cubrir superficies que permite entregar, distribuir y/o retirar un flujo, tal como aire, gas, agua, soluciones, fluido, y/o una combinación de éstos, CARACTERIZADA porque comprende ai menos un film, que posee una superficie superior y un superficie inferior, y una línea de conducción de flujo integrada a al menos una de dichas superficie del film a la cual es adosado, unido y/o fijado al menos dicha línea de conducción de un flujo que posee al menos un medio de entrega, distribución y/o retirada de un flujo desde y/o hacia la superficie cubierta. 1. - Cover to cover surfaces that allows to deliver, distribute and / or withdraw a flow, such as air, gas, water, solutions, fluid, and / or a combination of these, CHARACTERIZED because it comprises at least one film, which has a upper surface and a lower surface, and a flow conduit line integrated to at least one of said surface of the film to which at least one said conduction line of a flow is attached, attached and / or fixed at least one means of delivery, distribution and / or withdrawal of a flow from and / or to the covered surface.
2. - Cubierta para cubrir superficies de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 CARACTERIZADA porque la cubierta además comprende en forma integrada, adosado, uniendo y/o fijando a al menos una de las superficie del film, al menos un medio para el monitoreo y/o control de las condiciones de la superficie cubierta y/o de las condiciones de funcionamiento de la al menos una línea de conducción y/o el al menos un medio de entrega, distribución y/o retirada de un flujo desde y/o hacia la superficie. 2. - Cover to cover surfaces according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the cover also comprises in an integrated, attached, joining and / or fixing at least one of the surface of the film, at least one means for monitoring and / or control of the conditions of the covered surface and / or of the operating conditions of the at least one conduction line and / or the at least one means of delivery, distribution and / or withdrawal of a flow from and / or to the surface .
3. - Cubierta para cubrir superficies de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones precedentes CARACTERIZADA porque la al menos una línea de conducción de flujo se encuentra formada por al menos un tubería de conducción de flujo formada de diferente tamaños, colores, resistencia, materiales, donde los material pueden comprender PVC, Polietileno, Plansa, caucho, entre otros, y/o una combinación de éstos, de acuerdo al tipo de flujo que será entregado, distribuido y/o retirado desde la superficie, y donde el al menos un medio de entrega, distribución y/o retirada de un flujo pueden comprender perforaciones, micro-perforación, ranuras. 3. - Cover for covering surfaces according to the preceding claims CHARACTERIZED because the at least one flow conduit line is formed by at least one flow conduit pipe formed of different sizes, colors, strength, materials, where the materials they can comprise PVC, Polyethylene, Plansa, rubber, among others, and / or a combination of these, according to the type of flow that will be delivered, distributed and / or removed from the surface, and where the at least one means of delivery, distribution and / or withdrawal of a flow may comprise perforations, micro-perforation, grooves.
4. - Cubierta para cubrir superficies de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones precedentes CARACTERIZADA porque el al menos un medio de entrega, distribución y/o retirada de un flujo comprende al menos un medio para irrigación, donde dicho medio de irrigación se encuentra dispuesto en una distribución espaciada a lo largo de la línea de conducción de flujos, y donde dicho medio de irrigación puede comprender un aspersor, un gotero, un micro- aspersor, o cualquier otro medio de distribución de fluidos, agua, soluciones, entre otras. 4. - Cover for covering surfaces according to the preceding claims CHARACTERIZED because the at least one means of delivery, distribution and / or withdrawal of a flow comprises at least one means for irrigation, wherein said means of irrigation is arranged in a distribution spaced along the flow conduction line, and where said irrigation means may comprise a sprinkler, a dripper, a micro-sprinkler, or any other means of distribution of fluids, water, solutions, among others.
5. - Cubierta para cubrir superficies de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 2 a 4 CARACTERIZADA porque el al menos un medio para el monitoreo y/o control comprende al menos una línea de sensores, que comprende al menos un sensor, donde la al menos una línea de sensores comprende al menos un cable unido al menos un sensor. 5. - Cover for covering surfaces according to claims 2 to 4 CHARACTERIZED because the at least one means for monitoring and / or control comprises at least one sensor line, comprising at least one sensor, where the at least one line The sensor comprises at least one cable connected to at least one sensor.
6. - Cubierta para cubrir superficies de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 2 a 5 CARACTERIZADA porque el al menos un medio para el monitoreo y/o control comprende al menos una unidad a un sistema de monitoreo, control y/o transmisión remota autónoma inalámbrico. 6. - Cover to cover surfaces according to claims 2 to 5 CHARACTERIZED because the at least one means for monitoring and / or control comprises at least one unit to a wireless autonomous remote monitoring, control and / or transmission system.
7. - Cubierta para cubrir superficies de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones precedentes CARACTERIZADA porque la cubierta de superficies además comprende al menos un geotextil, una geored, un acolchado unido y/o fijado a al menos una de las superficies superior y/o inferior del film. 7. - Cover to cover surfaces according to the preceding claims CHARACTERIZED because the surface cover also comprises at least one geotextile, a geored, a padding attached and / or fixed to at least one of the upper and / or lower surfaces of the film .
8. - Cubierta para cubrir superficies de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones precedentes CARACTERIZADA porque la cubierta de superficies comprende al menos una perforación realizada a través del film. 8. - Cover for covering surfaces according to the preceding claims CHARACTERIZED because the surface covering comprises at least one perforation made through the film.
9. - Cubierta para cubrir superficies de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones precedentes CARACTERIZADA porque la cubierta de superficies comprende además al menos un elemento de fijación y/o unión de la al menos una línea de conducción de flujo y/o de las líneas de sensores 9. - Cover for covering surfaces according to the preceding claims CHARACTERIZED because the surface covering further comprises at least one fixing and / or joining element of the at least one flow conduction line and / or of the sensor lines
10. - Cubierta para cubrir superficies de acuerdo a la reivindicación 9 CARACTERIZADA porque dicho al menos un elemento de fijación y/o unión se encuentra configurado como una tira, huincha y/o franja, que comprende una superficie superior e inferior definida por bordes de extremos opuestos y bordes laterales opuestos, que definen un área o superficie de diferentes dimensiones. 10. - Cover for covering surfaces according to claim 9 CHARACTERIZED in that said at least one fixing and / or joining element is configured as a strip, strip and / or strip, comprising an upper and lower surface defined by edges of opposite ends and opposite side edges, which define an area or surface of different dimensions.
1 1. - Cubierta para cubrir superficies de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 9 y 10 CARACTERIZADA porque dicho al menos un elemento de fijación y/o unión comprende al menos un troquelado y/o comprende al menos una abertura, y/o comprende al menos una serie de orificios que forman un patrón de orificios. 1 1. - Cover for covering surfaces according to claims 9 and 10 CHARACTERIZED in that said at least one fixing and / or joining element comprises at least one die cut and / or comprises at least one opening, and / or comprises at least one series of holes that form a hole pattern.
12. - Cubierta para cubrir superficies de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones precedentes CARACTERIZADA porque la cubierta de superficies comprende además al menos un sensor de flujo. 12. - Cover to cover surfaces according to the preceding claims CHARACTERIZED because the surface cover further comprises at least one flow sensor.
13. - Cubierta para cubrir superficies de acuerdo a la reivindicación 12 CARACTERIZADA porque el sensor de flujo es fijado, retenido y/o unido a al menos una de las líneas de conducción de flujo. 13. - Cover for covering surfaces according to claim 12 CHARACTERIZED in that the flow sensor is fixed, retained and / or connected to at least one of the flow conduction lines.
14. - Cubierta para cubrir superficies de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones precedentes CARACTERIZADA porque los bordes de extremo opuestos y/o los bordes laterales opuestos del film de la cubierta comprenden medios de unión. 14. - Cover for covering surfaces according to the preceding claims CHARACTERIZED because the opposite end edges and / or opposite side edges of the cover film comprise joining means.
15. - Cubierta para cubrir superficies de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones precedentes CARACTERIZADA porque el material del film comprende un plástico, un termoplástico, tal como por ejemplo en forma preferentemente puede comprender un polietileno transparente resistente a los rayos UV, donde además dicho film, puede comprender una superficie acolchada de plástico, pueden comprender materiales biodegradables, con sustratos de multi-capas, con diferentes propiedad ópticas, con material foto-selectivos, anti-estáticos, y/o una combinación de éstos, así como pueden incorporar insecticidas, herbicidas, anti-hongos, con propiedades antivirales, fertilizantes entre otras soluciones y/o una combinación de éstos, así como partículas y/o nano- partículas de diferentes materiales y/o minerales, y/o una combinación de éstos. 15. - Cover for covering surfaces according to the preceding claims CHARACTERIZED because the film material comprises a plastic, a thermoplastic, such as for example preferably can comprise a transparent polyethylene resistant to UV rays, where said film can also comprise a plastic padded surface, can comprise biodegradable materials, with multi-layer substrates, with different optical properties, with photo-selective, anti-static materials, and / or a combination of these, as well as can incorporate insecticides, herbicides, anti-fungi, with antiviral properties, fertilizers among other solutions and / or a combination of these, as well as particles and / or nano-particles of different materials and / or minerals, and / or a combination of these.
PCT/CL2016/000080 2016-10-19 2016-12-26 Cover for covering surfaces WO2018112671A1 (en)

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CL2016002662A CL2016002662A1 (en) 2016-10-19 2016-10-19 Cover to cover surfaces that allows to deliver, distribute and / or withdraw a flow, such as air, gas, water, solutions, fluid, as well as monitor and / or control the covered surface.

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WO2020215167A1 (en) * 2019-04-26 2020-10-29 AGUILERA FLORES, Rodrigo Irrigation system for leaching
WO2024062285A1 (en) * 2022-09-25 2024-03-28 Arancibia Reyes Alexis Device for leaching the banks of a leach heap
WO2024069241A1 (en) * 2022-09-26 2024-04-04 Arancibia Reyes Alexis Cover device for irrigation and gas removal in leaching heaps

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