WO2018107775A1 - 用于风电场的控制方法、装置和风力发电系统 - Google Patents

用于风电场的控制方法、装置和风力发电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018107775A1
WO2018107775A1 PCT/CN2017/096412 CN2017096412W WO2018107775A1 WO 2018107775 A1 WO2018107775 A1 WO 2018107775A1 CN 2017096412 W CN2017096412 W CN 2017096412W WO 2018107775 A1 WO2018107775 A1 WO 2018107775A1
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Prior art keywords
power
wind
reactive power
grid
voltage
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PCT/CN2017/096412
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
乔元
张毅
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北京金风科创风电设备有限公司
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Publication of WO2018107775A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018107775A1/zh

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    • H02J3/386—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of wind power, and in particular to a control method and device for a wind farm and a wind power generation system.
  • a control method for a wind farm provided with a wind power generator comprising the steps of:
  • the wind power generator is allocated reactive power to be supplied or absorbed, and an instruction for instructing the wind power generator to generate the distributed reactive power is sent to the wind power generator.
  • a control apparatus for a wind farm the wind farm being provided with a wind turbine, the apparatus comprising:
  • a power grid detection module for detecting voltage and current of a wind farm
  • a communication interface for receiving a power grid dispatch signal
  • a first grid policy module for calculating reactive power based on voltage and current; calculating an ideal reactive power of the wind farm based on the grid dispatching signal; calculating a reactive power difference between the ideal reactive power and the reactive power;
  • the first fan control module is configured to monitor the current wind speed information of the wind turbine and the operation information of the wind turbine to obtain the output margin of the wind turbine; and allocate the wind turbine according to the reactive power difference and the output margin
  • the reactive power is provided or absorbed and an instruction is sent to the wind turbine to instruct the wind turbine to generate the distributed reactive power.
  • a wind power generation system comprising:
  • At least one wind turbine set on the collection line wherein the collection line is connected to the low voltage bus, and after being boosted by the transformer, the high voltage bus is connected, and the high voltage bus is connected by the grid connection point;
  • Each of the control devices described above is connected to each of the wind turbines via a communication line.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a wind power generation system according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a control method for a wind farm according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the sub-flow of FIG. 2, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the sub-flow of FIG. 2, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a diagram showing the sub-flow of Figure 2, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a control device for a wind farm according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the structure of the first grid policy module of FIG. 6 according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing the structure of the first power grid policy module of FIG. 6 according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing the structure of the first power grid policy module of FIG. 6 according to other embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a block diagram showing the structure of a control device for a wind farm according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a block diagram showing the structure of a control device for a wind farm according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a block diagram showing the structure of a control device for a wind farm according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a wind power generation system according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • the system may include a transformer 3000, a control device 1000 for a wind farm, and a fan group 5000.
  • the wind turbine group 5000 may include a plurality of wind turbines 5001 disposed on the collection lines 1-N.
  • the collection line 1-N is connected to the low-voltage bus, and is boosted by the transformer 3000, and then connected to the high-voltage bus, and connected to the power grid 2000 through the connection line via the grid connection point.
  • the control device 1000 is connected to the wind turbine 5001 via a communication line, distributes the reactive power to be supplied or absorbed to the wind turbine 5001, and/or distributes the active power to be supplied.
  • the system can also be provided with a power compensation device 4000, a power compensation device Set 4000 to the low voltage bus.
  • the control device 1000 is connected to the power compensation device 4000 via a communication line, and controls the power compensation device 4000 to emit or absorb reactive power according to the grid-connected point voltage and frequency variation.
  • the system may further include a PT (voltage sensor) and a CT (current sensor) disposed at a grid point, and the control device 1000 connects the PT and the CT to detect voltage data and current data of the grid point.
  • a PT voltage sensor
  • CT current sensor
  • the grid 2000 can send a grid dispatch signal to the control device 1000 via the dispatch center server.
  • Transformer 3000 can be a boost device.
  • the power compensation device 4000 may include devices such as SVC or SVG.
  • the control device 1000 can acquire the power grid dispatching signal, can detect the PT (voltage sensor) and the CT (current sensor) of the grid-connected point, and can also perform information interaction with each wind turbine generator set 5001 in the wind turbine group 5000, thereby The voltage, frequency, active power and reactive power are controlled.
  • Control device 1000 may be a virtual synchronous generator, as will be described in more detail below.
  • the system may also include ancillary network communication devices such as routers, wired, wireless communication links, or fiber optic cables.
  • ancillary network communication devices such as routers, wired, wireless communication links, or fiber optic cables.
  • the number of settings of the wind turbine generator or the like in FIG. 1 is merely illustrative and can be flexibly adjusted according to implementation requirements.
  • the power compensation device 4000 can be arranged or even eliminated in small amounts.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a control method for a wind farm according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • the voltage sensor PT and the current sensor CT of the wind farm grid point can be detected, and the reactive power of the grid point can be calculated based on the detected voltage U and current I.
  • the grid information may include, for example, information such as the frequency f of the power grid and the frequency change rate ⁇ f, the grid voltage V and the voltage change rate ⁇ V, and the active power P of the Internet.
  • a power grid dispatch signal is received, and an ideal reactive power is calculated based on the power grid dispatch signal.
  • the calculation method of ideal reactive power is related to the current control mode.
  • the calculation mode can be different under different control modes. The content of this part will be described in detail below.
  • the reactive power difference between the ideal reactive power and the calculated reactive power is calculated. Specifically, the reactive power difference can be directly calculated by subtraction for the ideal reactive power and the calculated reactive power.
  • the current wind speed information may be an average value of current wind speed information around each wind turbine set, or may be an average value of wind speed values collected from blades of each wind power generator set, or may be The average of the wind speed values collected from any location around the wind turbines.
  • the current wind speed information of a specific wind turbine generator can be actively collected or passively received according to actual needs, and the content is not limited in this aspect.
  • the operation information of the wind turbine includes but is not limited to: temperature of the wind turbine converter, temperature of the generator set, temperature of the pitch system, and the like.
  • the wind power generator is allocated reactive power to be supplied or absorbed, and the wind power generator is sent an instruction for instructing the wind power generator to generate the allocated reactive power.
  • the wind power generators may be allocated a reactive power that is to be distributed according to the ratio of the output margins of the wind turbines according to the principle of equal ratio. Wind turbines with high output margins have high reactive power, and wind turbines with low output margins have relatively low reactive power. It should be understood that the sum of the reactive power of these wind turbines should meet the requirements of the grid point. In some instances, an average distribution may also be made when the output margins of the various wind turbines are not significantly different. In some instances, it is also possible to first detect the health of each wind turbine and assign it after considering the health factor.
  • the reactive power is calculated by detecting the voltage and current of the grid connection point, and the ideal reactive power is obtained according to the power grid scheduling signal, thereby calculating the reactive power difference;
  • the current wind speed information and operation information of the generator set are used to obtain the output margin of the wind turbine;
  • the reactive power is allocated to the wind turbine by the reactive power difference and the output margin.
  • the embodiment of the present invention allocates reactive power to the wind turbine combination by referring to the output margin, and controls the wind power generator to actively emit or absorb appropriate reactive power, thereby fully exerting the capabilities of each wind power generator and reducing the existing technology.
  • the pressure of equipment such as reactive power compensation can even control the wind turbine generating or absorbing appropriate reactive power to effectively compensate the power value of the grid point when the equipment such as reactive power compensation is omitted, and the reactive power is greatly reduced.
  • the compensation work of compensation and other equipment can greatly reduce the energy consumed by the reactive power compensation equipment and reduce the equipment cost.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing some of the sub-flows of FIG. 2 of some embodiments.
  • FIG. 3 shows the first implementation of the above step S220 (ie, receiving the grid scheduling signal and calculating the ideal reactive power based on the grid scheduling signal).
  • the current control mode is set to the reactive power control mode in advance.
  • the ideal reactive power is directly given by the power grid dispatching signal, or the ideal reactive power is set as a preset target value.
  • the ideal reactive power is directly given by the power grid dispatching signal, or the ideal reactive power is set to a preset target value, and the operation is simple and convenient, and the wind power generating set can be quickly controlled.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing some sub-flows of FIG. 2 of some embodiments.
  • FIG. 4 shows a second implementation of the above step S220 (ie, receiving a grid dispatch signal and calculating an ideal reactive power based on the grid dispatch signal).
  • the current control mode is set to the voltage control mode in advance.
  • the system impedance of the grid point is calculated based on the grid voltage and current.
  • This impedance X can also be obtained by actual measurement. Or, give the system a reactive excitation (given ⁇ Q, the given reactive power change value before reactive excitation and reactive excitation), and check the system voltage change ⁇ U (before reactive excitation and reactive excitation) After the change in voltage)).
  • the target voltage is acquired based on the grid scheduling signal.
  • the ideal reactive power is calculated based on the target voltage, the grid voltage, the reactive power, and the impedance.
  • the ideal reactive power is calculated based on the target voltage, the grid voltage, the reactive power, and the impedance, and the obtained data has high precision, ensuring the accuracy of the control.
  • the expression for calculating the ideal reactive power can be:
  • Uref is the target voltage
  • U is the grid-connected point voltage
  • X is the grid-connected point impedance
  • Q is the grid-connected reactive power
  • Qref is the ideal reactive power
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the sub-flow of FIG. 2 in some embodiments.
  • FIG. 5 shows a third implementation manner of the above step S220 (ie, receiving the power grid scheduling signal and calculating the ideal reactive power based on the power grid scheduling signal).
  • the current control mode is set in advance to the power factor control mode.
  • the active power is calculated based on the voltage and current of the grid connection point
  • the target power factor is acquired based on the grid scheduling signal.
  • the ideal reactive power is calculated based on the target power factor and the active power.
  • the ideal reactive power is calculated based on the target power factor and the active power, and the obtained data has high precision, ensuring the accuracy of the control.
  • the expression for calculating the ideal reactive power can be:
  • the following steps may be added on the basis of the embodiment of FIG. 2: determining an ideal active power according to a power grid scheduling signal; calculating a power difference between an ideal active power and an actual active power; and The power difference and the output margin allocate the active power to be provided for the wind turbine and send an instruction to the wind turbine to instruct the wind turbine to generate the allocated active power.
  • the calculating step of the ideal active power may include:
  • the frequency change rate of the grid-connected point is calculated.
  • the ideal active power is obtained based on the frequency change rate and the preset reference table, wherein the preset reference table may be included in the power grid scheduling information, and may include: an ideal active power and a frequency change rate corresponding to the ideal active power.
  • the ideal active power can also be calculated from the grid information.
  • the embodiment of the invention can not only allocate reactive power, but also allocate active power, increase functions, and can meet the requirements of active power and reactive power of the wind farm.
  • the embodiment of the present invention can adjust the output reactive power Q and the active power P of the wind turbine in real time according to the output voltage and the output power set by the large power grid, so that the voltage V and the power P of the entire wind farm grid-connected point are close to the power grid.
  • the fixed scheduling value and the steady state stability are close to the power grid.
  • the embodiment of the invention can also ensure that the active power P and the reactive power Q output by the wind turbine are effectively controlled under different wind conditions, and the transient stability (voltage V and frequency f stability) of the grid point is improved.
  • the embodiment of the invention can also perform centralized control on multiple units when performing wind power generator or wind farm frequency stability and voltage stability control, and can be flexibly allocated according to different unit operating conditions to ensure the final control effect is optimal.
  • the above embodiment can control the wind power generator to actively emit appropriate reactive power, reduce the pressure of the centralized reactive power compensation equipment such as SVC and SVG in the prior art, reduce the manufacturing cost of the equipment, and even omit the SVC and SVG equipment, so that the wind power generator set The reactive power generated can compensate for the voltage value required for the grid connection.
  • the following steps may be added on the basis of the foregoing embodiments: determining the health status values of one or more wind turbines according to the operation information of the wind turbine; and The state value is compared with the preset health threshold, and the wind turbine with the health state value greater than the preset health threshold is determined as the healthy wind turbine, and only the reactive power and/or need to be provided or absorbed are allocated to the healthy wind turbine. The active power provided.
  • the following steps may be added to the above embodiments: when there are multiple healthy wind turbines, according to the principle of equalization or the principle of equal ratio, for each healthy wind power generation
  • the unit distributes reactive power and/or active power equally.
  • the embodiment of the invention considers that various faults may occur in the running process of the wind power generator set, and can collect and sort the health state information of each wind power generator set in real time. The wind turbine set above the health threshold is then selected to participate in reactive power Q and active power P regulation.
  • the wind farm includes n wind turbines, two of which are below the threshold, only the n-2 wind turbines whose health is above the threshold are adjusted.
  • the same reactive power can be assigned to each wind turbine that meets health requirements based on the principle of sharing.
  • the active power is equally distributed according to their output margin, and the wind power generator with high output margin is allocated with high active power.
  • Low-power wind turbines distribute relatively low active power. It can be understood that other allocations can also be made according to actual needs. For the sake of brevity, the content of this part will not be described again.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a control device for a wind farm according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • control device 1000 for a wind farm may include: a grid detection module 100, a communication interface 200, a first grid policy module 300, and a first fan control module 400.
  • the grid detection module 100 can be used to detect the voltage and current of the grid connection point of the wind farm.
  • the communication interface 200 can be used to receive a power grid dispatch signal.
  • the first grid policy module 300 can calculate the reactive power of the grid-connected point based on the voltage and current; and calculate the ideal of the wind farm based on the grid dispatching signal Work power; calculate the reactive power difference between ideal reactive power and reactive power.
  • the first fan control module 400 can be used to monitor the current wind speed information of the wind turbine and the operation information of the wind turbine to obtain the output margin of the wind turbine; according to the reactive power difference and the output margin, the wind turbine The reactive power to be supplied or absorbed is distributed and an instruction is sent to the wind turbine to instruct the wind turbine to generate the distributed reactive power.
  • the illustrated functional unit or functional module may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof.
  • it can be, for example, an electronic circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), suitable firmware, plug-ins, function cards, and the like.
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • the elements of the present invention are programs or code segments that are used to perform the required tasks.
  • the program or code segments can be stored in a machine readable medium or transmitted over a transmission medium or communication link through a data signal carried in the carrier.
  • a "machine-readable medium” can include any medium that can store or transfer information.
  • machine readable media examples include electronic circuits, semiconductor memory devices, ROM, flash memory, erasable ROM (EROM), floppy disks, CD-ROMs, optical disks, hard disks, fiber optic media, radio frequency (RF) links, and the like.
  • the code segments can be downloaded via a computer network such as the Internet, an intranet, and the like.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the first grid policy module of FIG. 6 of some embodiments.
  • the first power grid policy module 300 may include: a first mode setting unit 301 and a first power setting unit 302.
  • the first mode setting unit 301 can be configured to set the current control mode to the reactive power control mode in advance.
  • the first power setting unit 302 can be used to directly specify the ideal reactive power from the power grid scheduling signal or set the ideal reactive power to the preset target value in the reactive power control mode.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the first grid policy module of FIG. 6 in still other embodiments.
  • the first grid policy module 300 may include a second mode setting unit 303, an impedance acquiring unit 304, a voltage acquiring unit 305, and a second power calculating unit 306.
  • the second mode setting unit 303 can be configured to set the current control mode to the voltage control mode in advance.
  • the impedance acquisition unit 304 can calculate the impedance of the grid-connected point based on the grid-connected point voltage and current.
  • the voltage acquisition unit 305 can be used to, based on the grid scheduling signal, in the voltage control mode, Get the target voltage.
  • the second power calculation unit 306 can calculate the ideal reactive power based on the target voltage, the grid voltage, the reactive power, and the impedance.
  • the second power calculation unit 306 can calculate the ideal reactive power using the following expression:
  • Uref-U X*(Q-Qref), where Uref is the target voltage, U is the grid-connected point voltage, X is the grid-connected point impedance, Q is the grid-connected reactive power, and Qref is the ideal reactive power.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the first grid policy module of FIG. 6 in still other embodiments.
  • the first grid policy module 300 may include a third mode setting unit 307, a power calculation unit 308, a power factor acquisition unit 309, and a third power calculation unit 310.
  • the third mode setting unit 307 can be used to set the current control mode to the power factor control mode in advance.
  • the power calculation unit 308 can calculate the active power based on the grid voltage and current.
  • the power factor acquisition unit 309 can be configured to acquire a target power factor based on the grid scheduling signal in the power factor control mode.
  • the third power calculation unit 310 can calculate the ideal reactive power based on the target power factor and the active power.
  • the third power calculation unit 310 can calculate the ideal reactive power using the following expression:
  • Figure 10 is a block diagram showing the structure of a control device for a wind farm according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 10 is a modified embodiment of the embodiment of FIG. 6.
  • the second grid policy module 500 and the second fan control module 600 can be added to the embodiment of FIG. 6.
  • the second grid policy module 500 can be coupled to the communication interface 200 and the second fan control module 600, respectively.
  • the second grid policy module 500 can be configured to calculate an ideal active power based on the grid scheduling signal and the grid information; and calculate a power difference between the ideal active power and the active power.
  • the second fan control module 600 can be configured to allocate the active power to be provided to the wind turbine according to the active power difference and the output margin, and send the wind turbine to indicate the wind turbine generation. With the instruction of active power.
  • the second grid policy module 500 can include a frequency calculation unit and a power selection unit.
  • the frequency calculation unit can calculate the frequency change rate of the grid-connected point based on the grid-connected point voltage and current.
  • the power selection unit may obtain the ideal active power based on the frequency change rate and the preset reference table, wherein the preset reference table includes: an ideal active power and a frequency change rate corresponding to the ideal active power.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a control device for a wind farm according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 11 is a further modified embodiment of the embodiment of FIG. 6.
  • the health detection module 700 can be added to the embodiment of FIG. 6.
  • the health detection module 700 can be coupled to the first grid policy module 300 and the first fan control module 400, respectively.
  • the health detection module 700 can be configured to determine a health status value of one or more wind turbines according to operation information of the wind power generator; compare the health status value with a preset health threshold, and set the health status value to be greater than a preset health status
  • the threshold wind turbine is determined to be a healthy wind turbine; only the healthy wind turbines are allocated reactive power to be supplied or absorbed, and/or active power to be supplied.
  • Figure 12 is a block diagram showing the structure of a control device for a wind farm according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 12 is a further modified embodiment of the embodiment of FIG. 6.
  • the health detection module 700 and the principle selection module 800 can be added to the embodiment of FIG. 6.
  • the health detection module 700 is coupled to the first grid policy module 300.
  • the principle selection module 800 is connected to the health detection module 700 and the first fan control module 400, respectively.
  • principle selection module 800 is configured to allocate reactive power to be provided or absorbed to each healthy wind power generator according to the principle of equalization or according to the principle of equal ratio when the number of healthy wind power generator sets is multiple, and/or need to provide Active power.
  • the control device for the wind farm may be a virtual synchronous generator.
  • the virtual synchronous generator can detect the voltage and current of the wind turbine or the wind farm at the grid point through the grid detection module, and calculate the frequency f of the grid, the frequency change rate ⁇ f, the grid voltage V, and the voltage. The rate of change ⁇ V, the grid reactive power Q of the wind farm and the active power P and other grid information.
  • the grid information is then passed to the grid policy module in real time.
  • the grid policy module communicates with the power system to obtain the grid dispatching signal.
  • the grid strategy module can calculate the ideal reactive power Qref and the ideal active power Pref that the current wind turbine or wind farm should emit based on the current grid condition of the wind farm.
  • the wind turbine control module monitors the wind turbine's current wind speed information and other important information, determines the wind turbine's operating state and output margin, and then issues instructions to each wind turbine based on the entire ideal Qref and PREF. And controlling the reactive power Q_wt and active power P_wt generated by each unit, and finally bringing the total reactive power Q and the total active power P of the entire wind farm grid point to or near Qref and Pref.
  • the calculation expression of the total reactive power Q can be:
  • Q total Q1_wt + Q2_wt + ... + Qn_wt, Q1_wt, Q2_wt, Qn_wt respectively represent the reactive power of the first fan, the second fan and the nth fan in the wind farm.
  • the total calculation expression of the total active power P can be:
  • P total P1_wt + P2_wt + ... + Pn_wt, P1_wt, P2_wt, Pn_wt respectively represent the active power from the first fan, the second fan and the nth fan in the wind farm.
  • the virtual synchronous generator detects the frequency of the grid connection point of the wind turbine or the wind farm at f0 as f0 and the frequency change rate ⁇ f0, the grid voltage is V0 and the voltage change rate ⁇ V0, the on-grid reactive power Q0 and the active power P0 of the wind farm .
  • the grid policy module judges that the current grid frequency f0 is low and exceeds the set threshold, and further determines that the current system frequency rapidly drops by the frequency change rate ⁇ f0 value, thus confirming that the frequency is low.
  • the grid strategy module calculates the ideal active power control value Pref0 of the wind farm.
  • the virtual synchronous generator receives the voltage control value Vref0 of the grid dispatch, and the grid strategy module calculates the ideal wind farm based on the grid voltage V0 and the voltage control value Vref0. Reactive power Qref0.
  • the fan control module will fine-tune and intervene to control the active power and reactive power of each wind turbine according to the current wind speed information of the wind turbine and other grid-connected power generation information, so that the sum of the reactive power of each wind turbine generator reaches or approaches Qref, so that the sum of the active power of each unit reaches or continuously approaches Pref.
  • the grid connection point is at the output P and After the Q changes, the corresponding voltage also returns to the normal range, and the system frequency tends to the normal range.
  • the virtual synchronous generator of the embodiment of the invention can monitor the state of the grid of the wind farm or the wind turbine by the wind farm. When the grid system has a voltage or frequency running deviation, the device will issue a control command to the wind turbine to properly adjust the wind power generation.
  • the active power P and the reactive power Q output by the unit stabilize the voltage at the grid-connected point of the wind farm and assist the system to stabilize its frequency.
  • the virtual synchronous generator can make the operation of the wind farm or wind turbine smoother, reduce the impact on the power grid, and improve the safety and stability margin of the power grid.
  • control device of each of the above embodiments can be used as an execution body in the control method of each of the above embodiments, and the corresponding flow in each method can be implemented.
  • a person skilled in the art can clearly understand that the specific working process of the hardware, the device, and the like described above may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and details are not described herein again.
  • the present invention also proposes a wind power generation system.
  • the system may include: at least one wind turbine 5001 disposed on the collecting line 1-N, wherein the collecting line is connected to the low voltage bus, and after being boosted by the transformer 3000, the high voltage bus is connected, and the high voltage bus is connected by The outlet is connected to the line.
  • the control device 1000 respectively connects the wind turbines via the communication line, distributes the reactive power to be supplied or absorbed for each wind turbine, and/or distributes the active power to be provided.
  • the wind power generation system further includes a power compensation device 4000 connected to the low voltage bus, and the control device 1000 is connected to the power compensation device 4000 via the communication line, and controls the power compensation device 4000 to emit or absorb reactive power.
  • the system can also include other power devices, such as a battery pack, an electric meter, a wire, a network cable, etc., and can be flexibly combined according to actual needs.
  • power devices such as a battery pack, an electric meter, a wire, a network cable, etc.
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interface, indirect coupling or communication connection of the device, or electrical, mechanical or other form of connection.
  • hardware for example, various calculators in various embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit.

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Abstract

一种用于风电场的控制方法、装置和风力发电系统。该方法包括：检测风电场的并网点的电压和电流，并计算并网点的无功功率（S210）；接收电网调度信号，并基于电网调度信号确定风电场的理想无功功率（S220）；计算理想无功功率和无功功率的无功功率差值（S230）；监测风力发电机组的当前风速信息和风力发电机组的运行信息，获取风力发电机组的出力裕度（S240）；根据无功功率差值和出力裕度，为风力发电机组分配需提供或吸收的无功功率，并向风力发电机组发送用于指示风力发电机组产生所分配的无功功率的指令（S250）。

Description

用于风电场的控制方法、装置和风力发电系统 技术领域
本发明涉及风电技术领域，尤其涉及用于风电场的控制方法、装置和风力发电系统。
背景技术
在风力发电过程中，由于风速、风向的波动变化，可能导致风电场或风力发电机并网点的电压波动。在没有有效控制的情况下，风电并网时所产生的电压波动和频率变化会对系统的稳定运行带来很大的负面影响。
现有的控制方法通常追求最大限度利用风能发电，而不考虑并网点的频率、电压等电网信息的变化或波动，因此这些方法不利于系统稳定。另外，大多数风电场在主变压柜的低压侧配置了大量无功功率补偿装置，例如SVC(Static Var Compensator，静止无功补偿)或SVG(Static Var Generator，静止无功发生器)等。利用这些补偿装置可以提高风电场的电压、无功功率平衡控制效果，从而满足系统安全运行要求和电网标准规定。然而，大量无功功率补偿装置不仅增加设备成本，还会消耗很多能源。
发明内容
根据本公开的第一方面，提供了用于风电场的控制方法，该风电场设置有风力发电机组，该方法包括以下步骤：
检测风电场的并网点的电压和电流，并基于电压和电流计算无功功率；
接收电网调度信号，并基于电网调度信号计算风电场的理想无功功率；
计算理想无功功率和无功功率的无功功率差值；
监测风力发电机组的当前风速信息和风力发电机组的运行信息，获取风力发电机组的出力裕度；
根据无功功率差值和出力裕度，为风力发电机组分配需提供或吸收的无功功率，并向风力发电机组发送用于指示风力发电机组产生所分配的无功功率的指令。
根据本公开的第二方面，提供了一种用于风电场的控制装置，该风电场设置有风力发电机组，该装置包括：
电网检测模块，用于检测风电场的电压和电流；
通讯接口，用于接收电网调度信号；
第一电网策略模块，用于基于电压和电流计算无功功率；基于电网调度信号计算风电场的理想无功功率；计算理想无功功率和无功功率的无功功率差值；
第一风机控制模块，用于监测风力发电机组的当前风速信息和风力发电机组的运行信息，获取风力发电机组的出力裕度；根据无功功率差值和出力裕度，为风力发电机组分配需提供或吸收的无功功率，并向风力发电机组发送用于指示风力发电机组产生所分配的无功功率的指令。
根据本公开的第三方面，提供了一种风力发电系统，该系统包括：
设置在汇集线路上的至少一台风力发电机组，其中，所述汇集线路接入低压母线，经过变压器升压后接入高压母线，所述高压母线由并网点连接送出线路；以及
上文所述的任一控制装置，经由通信线路分别连接各台风力发电机组。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将参考附图对本发明实施例作详细介绍。应理解，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例。
图1是本发明一些实施例的风力发电系统的结构示意图。
图2是本发明一些实施例的用于风电场的控制方法的示意性流程图。
图3是本发明一些实施例的示出了图2中的子流程的图示。
图4是本发明一些实施例的示出了图2中的子流程的图示。
图5是本发明一些实施例的示出了图2中的子流程的图示。
图6是本发明一些实施例的用于风电场的控制装置的结构示意图。
图7是本发明一些实施例的示出了图6中的第一电网策略模块的结构示意图。
图8是本发明又一些实施例的示出了图6中的第一电网策略模块的结构示意图。
图9是本发明另一些实施例的示出了图6中的第一电网策略模块的结构示意图。
图10是本发明一些实施例的用于风电场的控制装置的结构示意图。
图11是本发明一些实施例的用于风电场的控制装置的结构示意图。
图12是本发明一些实施例的用于风电场的控制装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。应理解，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本申请。
图1是本发明一些实施例的风力发电系统的结构示意图。
如图1所示，该系统可以包括：变压器3000、用于风电场的控制装置1000和风机群5000。风机群5000可以包括设置在汇集线路1-N上的多台风力发电机组5001。汇集线路1-N接入低压母线，通过变压器3000升压后接入高压母线，经由并网点通过送出线路接入电网2000。
控制装置1000经由通信线路分别连接风力发电机组5001，为风力发电机组5001分配需提供或吸收的无功功率，以及/或者分配需要提供的有功功率。
在一些实施例中，该系统还可以设置功率补偿装置4000，功率补偿装 置4000接入到低压母线。控制装置1000经由通信线路连接功率补偿装置4000，根据并网点电压和频率变化控制功率补偿装置4000发出或吸收无功功率。
在一些实施例中，该系统还可以包括设置在并网点的PT(电压传感器)和CT(电流传感器)，控制装置1000连接PT和CT以检测并网点的电压数据和电流数据。
电网2000可以通过调度中心服务器向控制装置1000发送电网调度信号。变压器3000可以是升压装置。功率补偿装置4000可以包括SVC或者SVG等装置。控制装置1000可以获取电网调度信号，可以对并网点的PT(电压传感器)和CT(电流传感器)进行检测，还可以与风机群5000中的各台风力发电机组5001进行信息交互，从而对风电场的电压、频率、有功功率和无功功率等进行控制。控制装置1000可以是虚拟同步发电机，该部分内容下文还将详细描述。
应该理解，该系统还可以包括辅助的网络通信设备，例如路由器、有线、无线通信链路或者光纤电缆等。另外，图1中的风力发电机组等设置的数目仅仅是示意性的，可以根据实现需要进行灵活调整。在一些实施例中，功率补偿装置4000可以少量布置或者甚至取消。
下面各个实施例均可以应用于本系统。为了描述简洁，相同或者相似的内容不再赘述，各个实施例可以相互参考和引用。
图2是本发明一些实施例的用于风电场的控制方法的示意性流程图。
如图2所示，在S210中，检测风电场的并网点的电压和电流，并基于电压和电流计算无功功率。
具体地，可以对风电场并网点的电压传感器PT和电流传感器CT进行检测，并基于检测到的电压U和电流I计算并网点的无功功率。
在一些实施例中，除了可以通过电压U和电流I实时计算无功功率Q之外，还可以计算其它电网信息。具体的，电网信息例如可以包括：电网的频率f及频率变化率△f、电网电压V及电压变化率△V、上网有功功率P等信息。
可以理解，电网信息的计算方式可以根据实际需要进行单独计算或者 统一计算。
在S220中，接收电网调度信号，并基于电网调度信号计算理想无功功率。
理想无功功率的计算方法与当前的控制模式相关，在不同的控制模式下，计算方式可以不同，该部分内容在下文将进行详细描述。
在S230中，计算理想无功功率和计算所得无功功率的无功功率差值。具体地，可以针对理想无功功率和计算所得无功功率直接用减法来计算该无功功率差值。
在S240中，监测风力发电机组的当前风速信息和风力发电机组的运行信息，获取风力发电机组的出力裕度。
在一些实施例中，当前风速信息可以是：各台风力发电机组周边的当前风速信息的平均值，也可以是从各台风力发电机组的叶片上所采集的风速值的平均值，也可以是从各台风力发电机组的周边任意一个地方所采集的风速值的平均值。具体的风力发电机组的当前风速信息可以根据实际需求进行主动采集或者被动接收，此方面内容不做限制。
风力发电机组的运行信息包括但不限于：风力发电机组变流器的温度、发电机组温度、变桨系统温度等信息。
在S250中，根据无功功率差值和出力裕度，为风力发电机组分配需提供或吸收的无功功率，并向风力发电机组发送用于指示风力发电机组产生所分配的无功功率的指令。
在一些实施例中，可以基于各台风力发电机组的出力裕度的比值，根据等比原则，为各台风力发电机组分配应分摊的无功功率。出力裕度高的风力发电机组分配的无功功率高，出力裕度低的风力发电机组分配的无功功率相对低些。应理解，这些风力发电机组的无功功率的和应满足并网点的需求。在一些实例中，当各台风力发电机组的出力裕度相差不大时，也可以进行平均分配。在一些实例中，还可以先检测各台风力发电机组的健康状况，在考虑健康状况因数后再进行分配。
本发明实施例通过检测并网点的电压和电流计算得到无功功率，根据电网调度信号得到理想无功功率，从而计算无功功率差值；通过检测风力 发电机组的当前风速信息和运行信息，获取风力发电机组的出力裕度；通过无功功率差值和出力裕度来为风力发电机组分配无功功率。通过此控制策略可以有效控制风电机组输出的无功功率，还可以大幅度改善并网点的电压波动和频率变化，满足了并网的稳定性要求。
此外，本发明实施例通过参考出力裕度为风力发电机组合理分配无功功率，控制风力发电机组主动发出或者吸收合适的无功功率，充分发挥了各风力发电机组的能力，降低现有技术中无功补偿等设备的压力，甚至可以在省略无功补偿等设备的情况下，仍可以控制风力发电机组发出或者吸收合适的无功功率来有效补偿并网点的功率值，大幅度减少了无功补偿等设备的补偿工作，进而可以大幅度减少无功补偿设备所消耗的能源，减少了设备成本。
图3是一些实施例的示出了图2中的子流程的图示。
具体地，图3示出了上述步骤S220(即：接收电网调度信号，并基于电网调度信号计算理想无功功率)的第一实现方式。
如图3所示，在S220-11中，预先将当前的控制模式设置为无功功率控制模式。
在S220-12中，在无功功率控制模式下，由电网调度信号直接给定理想无功功率，或者将理想无功功率设置为预设目标值。
由此，在无功功率控制模式下，由电网调度信号直接给定理想无功功率，或者将理想无功功率设置为预设目标值，操作简单方便，可以确保迅速对风力发电机组进行控制。
图4是一些实施例的示出图2的子流程的图示。
具体地，图4示出了上述步骤S220(即：接收电网调度信号，并基于电网调度信号计算理想无功功率)的第二实现方式。
如图4所示，在S220-21中，预先将当前的控制模式设置为电压控制模式。
在S220-22中，基于并网点电压和电流，计算并网点系统阻抗。
该阻抗X也可以通过实际测量得到。或者，给系统一个无功激励(给定△Q，即无功激励之前与无功激励之后的给定无功功率变化值)，查看 系统的电压变化△U(无功激励之前与无功激励之后的电压的变化值)。在此情况下，阻抗X可以通过表达式X＝(V2-V1)/(Q2/V2-Q1/V1)得到，其中，V1和V2分别为无功激励之前与无功激励之后的电压，Q1和Q2分别为无功激励之前与无功激励之后的无功功率。
在S220-23中，在电压控制模式下，基于电网调度信号，获取目标电压。
在S220-24中，基于目标电压、并网点电压、无功功率和阻抗，计算得到理想无功功率。
由此，在电压控制模式下，基于目标电压、并网点电压、无功功率和阻抗，计算得到理想无功功率，所得的数据精度较高，确保了控制的精度。
计算理想无功功率的表达式可以为：
Qref＝(Uref-U)*Uref/X+Q*Uref/U
其中，Uref为目标电压，U为并网点电压，X为并网点阻抗，Q为并网点无功功率，Qref为理想无功功率。
图5是一些实施例中示出了图2的子流程的图示。
具体地，图5示出了上述步骤S220(即：接收电网调度信号，并基于电网调度信号计算理想无功功率)的第三实现方式。
在S220-31中，预先将当前的控制模式设置为功率因数控制模式。
在S220-32中，基于并网点电压和电流，计算有功功率；
在S220-33中，在功率因数控制模式下，基于电网调度信号，获取目标功率因数。
在S220-34中，基于目标功率因数和有功功率，计算得到理想无功功率。
由此，在功率因数控制模式下，基于目标功率因数和有功功率，计算得到理想无功功率，所得的数据精度较高，确保了控制的精度。
计算理想无功功率的表达式可以为：
Qref＝P*tan(arc cosφ)，其中，cosφ为目标功率因数，P为有功功率。
作为图2实施例的一个变形实施例，可以在图2实施例的基础上增加如下步骤：根据电网调度信号确定理想有功功率；计算理想有功功率和实际有功功率的有功率差值；以及根据有功功率差值和出力裕度，为风力发电机组分配需提供的有功功率，并向风力发电机组发送用于指示风力发电机组产生所分配的有功功率的指令。
在一些实施例中，理想有功功率的计算步骤可以包括：
基于并网点电压，计算并网点的频率变化率。
基于频率变化率和预设参考表来获取理想有功功率，其中，预设参考表可以包含在电网调度信息中，并且可以包括：理想有功功率和与理想有功功率相对应的频率变化率。
作为示例，当频率变化率Δf>＝0.034时，可以将风电场整体的理想有功功率调节设置为风电场额定容量的10％，并持续10s。即ΔP＝10％Pn，Pn为风电场额定容量，保持10s。
在一些替代实施例中，还可以根据电网信息计算理想有功功率。
由此，本发明实施例不仅可以对无功功率进行分配，还可以对有功功率进行分配，增加了功能，可以满足风力发电场的有功功率和无功功率的需求。
另外，本发明实施例可以根据大电网设定的输出电压和输出功率，实时调整风电机组的输出无功功率Q和有功功率P，使得使整个风电场并网点的电压V和功率P接近电网设定的调度数值，并满足稳态稳定性。
本发明实施例还可以保证在不同风况条件下，有效控制风电机组输出的有功功率P和无功功率Q，改善并网点的暂态稳定性(电压V和频率f稳定性)。本发明实施例还可以在进行风力发电机组或风电场进行频率稳定和电压稳定控制时，对多台机组进行集中控制，能够根据不同机组的运行情况灵活分配，保证最终的控制效果最佳。
上述实施例可以控制风力发电机组主动发出合适的无功功率，降低现有技术中SVC、SVG等集中无功补偿设备的压力，降低设备制造成本，甚至可以省略SVC、SVG设备，使得风力发电机组发出的无功功率可以补偿并网点所需的电压值。
作为图2实施例的又一个变形实施例，可以在上述各实施例的基础上增加如下步骤：根据风力发电机组的运行信息，确定一台或者多台风力发电机组的健康状态值；以及将健康状态值与预设的健康阈值比较，将健康状态值大于预设的健康阈值的风力发电机组确定为健康风力发电机组，仅为健康风力发电机组分配需提供或吸收的无功功率和/或需提供的有功功率。
在本说明书中，术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系。例如，“A和/或B”可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。
作为图2实施例的另一个变形实施例，可以在上述各实施例的基础上增加如下步骤：当健康风力发电机组为多台时，根据均分原则或者等比原则，为各台健康风力发电机组平均分配无功功率和/或有功功率。
本发明实施例考虑到风力发电机组在运行过程中可能出现各种故障，可以实时采集各台风力发电机组的健康状态信息，并进行排序。然后选择处于健康阈值之上的风力发电机组参与无功功率Q和有功功率P调节。
例如，风场中包括n台风力发电机组，其中有两台的健康程度处于阈值之下，则仅对健康程度处于阈值之上的n-2台风力发电机组进行调节。可以基于均分原则为每台符合健康要求的风力发电机组所分配相同的无功功率。此外，还可以根据等比原则，为每台符合健康要求的风力发电机组，根据他们的出力裕度来进行等比分配有功功率，出力裕度高的风力发电机组分配的有功功率高，出力裕度低的风力发电机组分配的有功功率相对低些。可以理解，还可以根据实际需要进行其他的分配，为了描述简洁，该部分内容不再赘述。
图6是本发明一些实施例的用于风电场的控制装置的结构示意图。
如图6所示，用于风电场的控制装置1000可以包括：电网检测模块100、通讯接口200、第一电网策略模块300和第一风机控制模块400。
电网检测模块100可以用于检测风电场的并网点的电压和电流。通讯接口200可以用于接收电网调度信号。第一电网策略模块300可以基于电压和电流计算并网点的无功功率；基于电网调度信号计算风电场的理想无 功功率；计算理想无功功率和无功功率的无功功率差值。第一风机控制模块400可以用于监测的风力发电机组的当前风速信息和风力发电机组的运行信息，获取风力发电机组的出力裕度；根据无功功率差值和出力裕度，为风力发电机组分配需提供或吸收的无功功率，并向风力发电机组发送用于指示风力发电机组产生所分配的无功功率的指令。
需要说明的是，所示的功能单元或者功能模块的实现方式可以为硬件、软件、固件或者它们的组合。当以硬件方式实现时，其可以例如是电子电路、专用集成电路(ASIC)、适当的固件、插件、功能卡等等。当以软件方式实现时，本发明的元素是被用于执行所需任务的程序或者代码段。程序或者代码段可以存储在机器可读介质中，或者通过载波中携带的数据信号在传输介质或者通信链路上传送。“机器可读介质”可以包括能够存储或传输信息的任何介质。机器可读介质的例子包括电子电路、半导体存储器设备、ROM、闪存、可擦除ROM(EROM)、软盘、CD-ROM、光盘、硬盘、光纤介质、射频(RF)链路等。代码段可以经由诸如因特网、内联网等的计算机网络被下载。
图7是一些实施例的示出图6的第一电网策略模块的结构的示意图。
如图7所示，第一电网策略模块300可以包括：第一模式设置单元301和第一功率设置单元302。
第一模式设置单元301可以用于预先将当前的控制模式设置为无功功率控制模式。第一功率设置单元302可以用于在无功功率控制模式下，由电网调度信号直接给定理想无功功率，或者将理想无功功率设置为预设目标值。
图8是又一些实施例的示出图6的第一电网策略模块的结构的示意图。
如图8所示，第一电网策略模块300可以包括：第二模式设置单元303、阻抗获取单元304、电压获取单元305和第二功率计算单元306。
第二模式设置单元303可以用于预先将当前的控制模式设置为电压控制模式。阻抗获取单元304可以基于并网点电压和电流，计算并网点的阻抗。电压获取单元305可以用于在电压控制模式下，基于电网调度信号， 获取目标电压。第二功率计算单元306可以基于目标电压、并网点电压、无功功率和阻抗，计算得到理想无功功率。
例如，第二功率计算单元306可以利用下面的表达式计算理想无功功率：
Uref-U＝X*(Q-Qref)，其中，Uref为目标电压，U为并网点电压，X为并网点阻抗，Q为并网点无功功率，Qref为理想无功功率。
图9是又一些实施例的示出图6的第一电网策略模块的结构的示意图。
如图9所示，第一电网策略模块300可以包括：第三模式设置单元307、功率计算单元308、功率因数获取单元309和第三功率计算单元310。
第三模式设置单元307可以用于预先将当前的控制模式设置为功率因数控制模式。功率计算单元308可以基于并网点电压和电流，计算有功功率。功率因数获取单元309可以用于在功率因数控制模式下，基于电网调度信号，获取目标功率因数。第三功率计算单元310可以基于目标功率因数和有功功率，计算得到理想无功功率。
例如，第三功率计算单元310可以利用下面的表达式计算理想无功功率：
Qref＝P*tan(arc cosφ)，其中，cosφ为目标功率因数，P为有功功率。
图10是本发明一些实施例的用于风电场的控制装置的结构示意图。
图10所示实施例作为图6实施例的一个变形实施例，可以在图6实施例的基础上增加：第二电网策略模块500和第二风机控制模块600。第二电网策略模块500可以分别与通讯接口200和第二风机控制模块600连接。
第二电网策略模块500可以用于根据电网调度信号和电网信息计算理想有功功率；计算理想有功功率和有功功率的有功率差值。第二风机控制模块600可以用于根据有功功率差值和出力裕度，为风力发电机组分配需提供的有功功率，并向风力发电机组发送用于指示风力发电机组产生所分 配的有功功率的指令。
在一些替代实施例中，第二电网策略模块500可以包括：频率计算单元和功率选取单元。
频率计算单元可以基于并网点电压和电流，计算并网点的频率变化率。功率选取单元可以基于频率变化率和预设参考表来获取理想有功功率，其中，预设参考表包括：理想有功功率和与理想有功功率相对应的频率变化率。
图11是本发明又一些实施例的用于风电场的控制装置的结构示意图。
图11所示实施例作为图6实施例的又一个变形实施例，可以在图6实施例的基础上增加健康检测模块700。健康检测模块700可以分别与第一电网策略模块300和第一风机控制模块400连接。
健康检测模块700可以用于根据风力发电机组的运行信息，确定一台或者多台风力发电机组的健康状态值；将健康状态值与预设的健康阈值比较，将健康状态值大于预设的健康阈值的风力发电机组确定为健康风力发电机组；仅为健康风力发电机组分配需提供或吸收的无功功率，和/或需提供的有功功率。
图12是本发明又一实施例的用于风电场的控制装置的结构示意图。
图12所示实施例作为图6实施例的又一个变形实施例，可以在图6实施例的基础上增加：健康检测模块700和原则选取模块800。健康检测模块700与第一电网策略模块300连接。原则选取模块800分别与健康检测模块700和第一风机控制模块400连接。
在一些实施例中，也可以在图7实施例的基础上增加：原则选取模块800。其中，原则选取模块800用于当健康风力发电机组为多台时，根据均分原则或者根据等比原则，为各台健康风力发电机组分配需提供或吸收的无功功率，和/或需提供的有功功率。
在上述各实施例中，用于风电场的控制装置可以为虚拟同步发电机。该虚拟同步发电机可以通过电网检测模块检测风力发电机组或风电场并网点的电压和电流，计算电网的频率f、频率变化率△f、电网电压V、电压 变化率△V、风电场的上网无功功率Q和有功功率P等电网信息。然后，电网信息被实时传递给电网策略模块。电网策略模块一方面与电力系统调度通信，获取电网调度信号。另一方面，电网策略模块可以根据风电场当前的电网状况计算出当前风力发电机组或风电场应该发出的理想无功功率Qref和理想有功功率Pref。Qref和Pref被实时发送至风力发电机组控制模块。风力发电机组控制模块会监控风力发电机组当前的风速信息以及其他重要信息，判断风力发电机组的运行状态和出力裕度，然后根据整场理想的Qref和Pref向每台风力发电机组发出指令，干预和控制每台机组的产生的无功功率Q_wt和有功功率P_wt，最后使整个风电场并网点的总的无功功率Q和总的有功功率P达到或不断逼近Qref和Pref。
总的无功功率Q的计算表达式可以是：
Q总＝Q1_wt+Q2_wt+……+Qn_wt，Q1_wt、Q2_wt、Qn_wt分别表示风电场中第一台风机、第二台风机和第n台风机发出的无功功率。
总的有功功率P总的计算表达式可以是：
P总＝P1_wt+P2_wt+……+Pn_wt，P1_wt、P2_wt、Pn_wt分别表示风电场中第一台风机、第二台风机和第n台风机发出的有功功率。
下面列举一个示例来说明控制的实现方式。
虚拟同步发电机在t0时刻检测风力发电机或风电场并网点的频率为f0及频率变化率△f0，电网电压为V0及电压变化率△V0，风电场的上网无功功率Q0和有功功率P0。电网策略模块判断发现当前电网频率f0偏低并超过设定阈值，进一步通过频率变化率△f0值判断当前系统频率发生快速下降，因此确认频率发生偏低故障。根据频率f0和频率变化率△f0,电网策略模块计算出风电场的理想有功功率控制数值Pref0。假设系统的控制指令周期t，在t1时刻(t1<t0+t)，虚拟同步发电机接收到电网调度的电压控制数值Vref0，电网策略模块根据电网电压V0与电压控制数值Vref0计算出风电场理想的无功功率Qref0。风机控制模块根据风力发电机当前的风速信息以及其他并网发电信息，将微调和干预控制每台风力发电机组的有功功率和无功功率，使各台风力发电机组无功功率之和达到或接近Qref，使各台机组有功功率之和达到或不断逼近Pref。并网点在输出P和 Q发生变化后，对应的电压也随之回归到正常区间，系统频率趋于正常范围。
本发明实施例的虚拟同步发电机可以实时通过监测风电场或风力发电机组并网点电网状态，当电网系统出现电压或频率运行偏差时，装置将对风力发电机组下发控制指令，合理调节风力发电机组输出的有功功率P和无功功率Q，使风电场并网点的电压稳定，协助系统使其频率稳定。虚拟同步发电机能够使风电场或风力发电机组的运行更加平顺，减少对电网的影响，提高电网安全稳定裕度。
需要说明的是，上述各实施例的控制装置可作为上述各实施例的控制方法中的执行主体，可以实现各个方法中的相应流程。本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，上述描述的装置、器件等硬件的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
另外，本发明还提出了一种风力发电系统。参见图1，该系统可以包括：设置在汇集线路1-N上的至少一台风力发电机组5001，其中，汇集线路接入低压母线，经过变压器3000升压后接入高压母线，高压母线由并网点连接送出线路。控制装置1000经由通信线路分别连接各台风力发电机组，为各台风力发电机组分配需提供或吸收的无功功率，以及/或者分配需要提供的有功功率。
此外，该风力发电系统还包括接入到低压母线的功率补偿装置4000，控制装置1000经由通信线路连接功率补偿装置4000，控制功率补偿装置4000发出或吸收无功功率。
可以理解，本系统还可以包括其他的电量设备，例如电池组、电表、电线和网线等，具体可以根据实际需要进行灵活组合。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、计算机软件或者二者的结合来实现，为了清楚地说明硬件和软件的可互换性，在上述说明中已经按照功能一般性地描述了各示例的组成及步骤。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实 现不应认为超出本发明的范围。
在本申请所提供的实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另外，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口、装置的间接耦合或通信连接，也可以是电的、机械的或其它的形式连接。
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的硬件(例如各种计算器)可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以是两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可想到各种等效的修改或替换，这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种用于风电场的控制方法，所述风电场设置有至少一台风力发电机组，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    检测所述风电场的并网点的电压和电流，并基于所述电压和所述电流计算无功功率；
    接收电网调度信号，并基于所述电网调度信号确定理想无功功率；
    计算所述理想无功功率和所述无功功率的无功功率差值；
    监测所述风力发电机组的当前风速信息和所述风力发电机组的运行信息，获取所述风力发电机组的出力裕度；
    根据所述无功功率差值和所述出力裕度，为所述风力发电机组分配需提供或吸收的无功功率，并向所述风力发电机组发送用于指示所述风力发电机组产生所分配的无功功率的指令。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    预先将当前的控制模式设置为无功功率控制模式；并且
    在所述无功功率控制模式下，将所述理想无功功率设置为由所述电网调度信号直接给定的值，或者将所述理想无功功率设置为预设目标值。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    预先将当前的控制模式设置为电压控制模式；
    基于所述电压和所述电流，计算风电场并网点的系统阻抗；
    在所述电压控制模式下，基于所述电网调度信号，获取目标电压；
    基于所述目标电压、所述电压、所述无功功率和所述系统阻抗，计算得到所述理想无功功率。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    预先将当前的控制模式设置为功率因数控制模式；
    基于所述电压和所述电流，计算有功功率；
    在所述功率因数控制模式下，基于所述电网调度信号，获取目标功率因数；
    基于所述目标功率因数和所述有功功率，计算得到所述理想无功功率。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    基于所述电网调度信号计算理想有功功率；
    计算所述理想有功功率和所述有功功率的有功率差值；
    根据所述有功功率差值和所述出力裕度，为所述风力发电机组分配需提供的有功功率，并向所述风力发电机组发送用于指示所述风力发电机组产生所分配的有功功率的指令。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，所述其特征在于，所述理想有功功率的计算步骤包括：
    基于所述电压和所述电流，计算频率变化率；
    基于所述频率变化率和预设参考表来获取所述理想有功功率，其中，所述预设参考表包括：所述理想有功功率和与所述理想有功功率相对应的频率变化率。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，所述其特征在于，还包括以下步骤：
    根据所述风力发电机组的运行信息，确定一台或者多台风力发电机组的健康状态值；
    将所述健康状态值与预设的健康阈值比较，将所述健康状态值大于所述预设的健康阈值的风力发电机确定为健康风力发电机组；
    仅为所述健康风力发电机组分配需提供或吸收的无功功率，和/或需提供的有功功率。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，所述其特征在于，还包括以下步骤：
    当所述健康风力发电机组为多台时，根据均分原则或者等比原则，为 各台健康风力发电机组分配需提供或吸收的无功功率，和/或需提供的有功功率。
  9. 一种用于风电场的控制装置，所述风电场设置有风力发电机组，其特征在于，包括：
    电网检测模块，用于检测所述风电场的并网点的电压和电流；
    通讯接口，用于接收电网调度信号；
    第一电网策略模块，基于所述电压和所述电流计算无功功率；基于所述电网调度信号确定理想无功功率；计算所述理想无功功率和所述无功功率的无功功率差值；
    第一风机控制模块，用于监测所述风力发电机组的当前风速信息和所述风力发电机组的运行信息，获取所述风力发电机组的出力裕度；根据所述无功功率差值和所述出力裕度，为所述风力发电机组分配需提供或吸收的无功功率，并向所述风力发电机组发送用于指示所述风力发电机组产生所分配的无功功率的指令。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的控制装置，其特征在于，所述第一电网策略模块包括：
    第一模式设置单元，用于预先将当前的控制模式设置为无功功率控制模式；
    第一功率设置单元，用于在所述无功功率控制模式下，将所述理想无功功率设置为由所述电网调度信号直接给定的值，或者将所述理想无功功率设置为预设目标值。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的控制装置，其特征在于，所述第一电网策略模块包括：
    第二模式设置单元，用于预先将当前的控制模式设置为电压控制模式；
    阻抗获取单元，基于所述电压和所述电流，计算风电场并网点的系统 阻抗；
    电压获取单元，用于在所述电压控制模式下，基于所述电网调度信号，获取目标电压；
    第二功率计算单元，基于所述目标电压、所述电压、所述无功功率和所述系统阻抗，计算得到所述理想无功功率。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的控制装置，其特征在于，所述第一电网策略模块包括：
    第三模式设置单元，用于预先将当前的控制模式设置为功率因数控制模式；
    功率计算单元，基于所述电压和所述电流，计算有功功率；
    功率因数获取单元，用于在所述功率因数控制模式下，基于所述电网调度信号，获取目标功率因数；
    第三功率计算单元，基于所述目标功率因数和所述有功功率，计算得到所述理想无功功率。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的控制装置，其特征在于，还包括：
    第二电网策略模块，用于根据所述电网调度信号计算理想有功功率；计算所述理想有功功率和所述有功功率的有功率差值；
    第二风机控制模块，用于根据所述有功功率差值和所述出力裕度，为所述风力发电机组分配需提供的有功功率，并向所述风力发电机组发送用于指示所述风力发电机组产生所分配的有功功率的指令。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的控制装置，所述其特征在于，所述第二电网策略模块包括：
    频率计算单元，基于所述电压和所述电流，计算频率变化率；
    功率选取单元，基于所述频率变化率和预设参考表来获取所述理想有功功率，其中，所述预设参考表包括：所述理想有功功率和与所述理想有功功率相对应的频率变化率。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的控制装置，所述其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    健康检测模块，用于根据所述风力发电机组的运行信息，确定一台或者多台风力发电机组的健康状态值；将所述健康状态值与预设的健康阈值比较，将所述健康状态值大于所述预设的健康阈值的风力发电机组确定为健康风力发电机组；仅为所述健康风力发电机组分配需提供或吸收的无功功率，和/或需提供的有功功率。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的控制装置，所述其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    原则选取模块，用于当所述健康风力发电机组为多台时，根据均分原则或者等比原则，为各台健康风力发电机组分配需提供或吸收的无功功率，和/或需提供的有功功率。
  17. 一种风力发电系统，其特征在于，包括：
    设置在汇集线路上的至少一台风力发电机组，其中，所述汇集线路接入低压母线，经过变压器升压后接入高压母线，所述高压母线由并网点连接送出线路；
    根据权利要求9-16中任一项所述的控制装置，经由通信线路分别连接各台风力发电机组。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的风力发电系统，其特征在于，还包括：
    接入到所述低压母线的功率补偿装置，所述控制装置经由通信线路连接所述功率补偿装置，控制所述功率补偿装置发出或吸收无功功率。
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