WO2018103202A1 - 一种测量不均匀沉降作用下裂隙土水力特性的装置和测量方法 - Google Patents

一种测量不均匀沉降作用下裂隙土水力特性的装置和测量方法 Download PDF

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WO2018103202A1
WO2018103202A1 PCT/CN2017/074587 CN2017074587W WO2018103202A1 WO 2018103202 A1 WO2018103202 A1 WO 2018103202A1 CN 2017074587 W CN2017074587 W CN 2017074587W WO 2018103202 A1 WO2018103202 A1 WO 2018103202A1
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soil
base
soil sample
air
pressure gauge
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PCT/CN2017/074587
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘坚
陈锐
梅振
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哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院
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Publication of WO2018103202A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018103202A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
    • G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
    • G01N5/045—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder for determining moisture content

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of soil measurement, and relates to a device for measuring hydraulic characteristics of soil, in particular to a device and a measuring method for measuring hydraulic characteristics of fractured soil under uneven settlement.
  • the landfill cover system is located at the top of the waste dump and its main function is to prevent or reduce the infiltration of rainwater. Due to the degradation of the waste, the covering system inevitably produces large uneven settlement. Studies have shown that the settlement of the covering system is as high as 200cm, and the uneven settlement is up to 50cm, and the crack caused by it can not be ignored. The existence of fissures inevitably reduces the anti-seepage performance of the covering system, and it is necessary to measure the fissures and hydraulic characteristics caused by uneven settlement of the covering system.
  • the prior art has many measures for measuring the hydraulic characteristics of unsaturated soils.
  • the patent (201210196089.4) proposes a device for determining the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soils, which can directly obtain unsaturated by one-dimensional infiltration test combined with iterative method.
  • patent (201410021771.9) proposes a measuring device and method for measuring the hydraulic characteristics of unsaturated soil under the increasing/de-wetting path, which can measure the hydraulic characteristics of the soil during the process of soil humidification and drying;
  • patent (201410024072.X) It is proposed to be able to use the same soil to measure the hydraulic characteristics of the soil in both horizontal and vertical directions.
  • none of the above methods can measure the depth along the crack in the soil, nor can it measure the hydraulic characteristics after the crack is developed.
  • the present invention provides a measuring device and a measuring method for measuring hydraulic characteristics of a fractured soil under uneven settlement.
  • the invention provides a device for measuring hydraulic characteristics of soil under the action of uneven settlement of soil, comprising a measuring device body, wherein the measuring device body comprises a base 2, an air bag 3, a soil sample wall 5, a permeable stone 6, a camera 7, a negative pressure gauge 8, a weight 9, a displacement gauge 10, a thermometer 11, a hygrometer 12, and a soil sample 4 to be tested, the base 2 is a hollow stepped cylinder, and the hollow portion of the base
  • the air bag 3 is placed, the soil sample wall 5 is disposed on the upper side of the base 2; the negative hole pressure gauge 8 is inserted between the soil sample 4, and the upper part of the soil sample is permeable stone 6, permeable stone
  • a weight 9 is placed on the upper portion, and the displacement gauge 10 can measure uneven settlement of the whole soil, and utilize the phase Machine 7 takes a picture of the sedimentation process of the soil sample, compares the correlation values of the three primary colors of red, blue and green in the photo, confirms the internal deformation of the soil, and then
  • the base is a hollow stepped cylinder, and the base material is a rigid material, the outer side length is 60 mm-300 mm, the height is 30 mm-150 mm; the hollow part length is 50 mm-280 mm, and the height is 15 mm-75 mm.
  • the soil sample wall is a plexiglass material having a height of 15 mm to 75 mm, a length of 55 mm to 290 mm, and a thickness of 2.5 to 5 mm.
  • the air bag is a plastic product having a thickness of 2 mm to 5 mm; the permeable stone has an opening at the middle, and the hole diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the negative hole pressure gauge; the center of the weight is opened, and the hole diameter is 3 mm. -6mm.
  • the four sides of the base are sealed with a groove in the middle.
  • the soil sample wall is a transparent organic glass, and the change of the soil sample can be taken by a camera.
  • the air bag can be inflated/deflated.
  • the center of the permeable stone is provided with a negative orifice pressure gauge mounting hole, and the aperture is 1-2 mm larger than the outer diameter of the negative orifice pressure gauge.
  • the weight of the center is opened, and the aperture is 3 mm to 6 mm.
  • the measuring surface of the balance is larger than the base, and the measuring range is larger than the base, the negative orifice pressure gauge and the total weight of the soil sample to be tested.
  • the invention also provides a method for measuring the hydraulic characteristics of the soil under the uneven settlement of the soil, and uses the foregoing device to quantitatively release the gas in the air bag to cause uneven sedimentation of the soil sample.
  • the air is blown into the air intake hole on the side of the sealed environmental box, and the air is discharged from the other side to accelerate the moisture change of the soil sample. According to the change of water potential and water content, the hydraulic characteristics of the soil under uneven settlement can be measured;
  • the air intake hole is blown into the air inlet hole on the side of the sealed environmental tank, and the air outlet hole on the other side discharges the air to wet the dry soil sample.
  • the method for measuring the hydraulic characteristics of a soil under the uneven settlement of soil comprises the following steps:
  • the invention has the beneficial effects of effectively measuring the development process of the crack depth direction and the hydraulic characteristics of the soil with different crack degrees, the measurement method is simple, the use time is short, and the cost is low.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a hydraulic property measuring device for a fractured soil under uneven settlement.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the displacement field of the soil sample under the action of cracks.
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the displacement field of the soil.
  • Fig. 4 is a hydraulic characteristic curve when the crack opening degree reaches 2 mm.
  • a device for measuring hydraulic characteristics of a soil under uneven soil settlement comprising a measuring device body, the measuring device body comprising a base 2, an air bag 3, a soil sample wall 5, and a permeable stone. 6.
  • the air bag 3 is placed on the upper side of the base 2; the negative hole pressure gauge 8 is inserted in the middle of the soil sample 4, and the upper part of the soil sample is a permeable stone 6,
  • a weight 9 is placed on the upper part of the permeable stone, and the displacement meter 10 can measure the uneven settlement of the whole soil body, and the camera 7 is used to photograph the sedimentation process of the soil sample, and the width and length of the internal crack 16 of the soil sample are measured.
  • the measuring device body is placed on the balance 1 to measure the change in soil moisture content.
  • the base is a hollow stepped cylinder, and the base (2) is made of a rigid material, the outer side has a length of 60 mm to 300 mm, and the height is 60 mm to 300 mm.
  • the base (2) is a plexiglass and the outer side is long. It is 200 mm and has a height of 200 mm; the hollow portion has a length of 50 mm to 280 mm and a height of 30 mm to 150 mm.
  • the hollow portion has a length of 180 mm and a height of 100 mm.
  • the soil sample wall (5) is an organic glass material having a height of 15 mm to 75 mm, a length of 55 mm to 290 mm, and a thickness of 2.5 to 5 mm. As a preferred embodiment, the soil sample wall (5) has a height of 50 mm and a length of 200 mm. 5mm thick.
  • the air bag (3) is a plastic product having a thickness of 2 mm to 5 mm, and preferably has a thickness of 3 mm;
  • the permeable stone (6) has an opening in the middle, and the hole diameter is 1-2 mm larger than the outer diameter of the negative hole pressure gauge.
  • the diameter of the permeable stone (6) is larger than the outer diameter of the negative orifice gauge by 1 mm;
  • the center of the weight (9) is apertured, the aperture is 3 mm to 6 mm, and as a preferred mode, the aperture is 5 mm;
  • the base (2) is sealed on four sides with a groove in the middle.
  • the soil sample wall (5) is a transparent organic glass, and the change of the soil sample (4) can be taken by a camera.
  • the air bag (3) can be inflated/deflated;
  • the center of the permeable stone (6) is provided with a negative orifice pressure gauge mounting hole, and the aperture is 1 mm larger than the outer diameter of the negative orifice pressure gauge.
  • the weight (9) has a central opening and a hole diameter of 5 mm;
  • the measuring surface of the balance (1) is larger than the base (2), and the measuring range is larger than the total weight of the base (2), the negative orifice pressure gauge (8) and the soil sample to be tested (4).
  • the measuring device is placed in a sealed environment box, and an air inlet hole (13) is arranged on the upper side of the sealed environment box, and the air outlet hole (14) is arranged on the other side of the upper part, and the thermometer (11) and the hygrometer (12) are placed. Sealed top of the environmental chamber, upper part of the measuring device
  • the gas in the air bag (3) is quantitatively released to cause uneven sedimentation of the soil sample.
  • the air inlet hole (13) on one side of the sealed environment box blows dry air, and the other side air outlet hole (14) discharges air to accelerate the moisture change of the soil sample. According to the change of water potential and water content, the hydraulic characteristics of the soil under uneven settlement can be measured;
  • box side air inlet hole (13) blows in humid air
  • the other side air outlet hole (14) discharges air to wet the dry soil sample to study the crack self-healing and its hydraulic characteristics.
  • the invention also discloses a measuring method for measuring the hydraulic characteristics of a fractured soil under the action of uneven settlement, comprising the following steps:
  • the first step (A) places the air bag (3) in the intermediate recess of the base (2), and inflates the upper surface of the air bag (3) to be level with the upper surface of the base (2).
  • Soil sample to be tested (4) placed on the base (2), if the soil sample to be tested is remolded soil, compacted in the base (2) according to the designed dry density; if the soil sample is undisturbed, the soil sample is cut into A suitable shape is placed in the base (2).
  • a second step (B) saturating the soil sample (4) to be tested in the base (2);
  • a negative orifice pressure gauge (8) is installed, and the permeable stone (6) and the weight (7) are sequentially placed on the upper surface of the soil sample.
  • the base (2), the negative pressure gauge (8) and the soil sample (4) to be tested are placed on the balance (1), and the camera is placed.
  • the fourth step (D) quantitatively releases the gas in the air bag (3), causing uneven sedimentation of the soil sample, then free evaporation at the top, recording the negative pressure gauge (8) reading and the balance (1) reading until the negative hole
  • the pressure gauge (8) reading exceeds the range, and the unsaturated hydraulic characteristic parameters of the fractured soil under uneven settlement are measured;
  • the air inlet hole (13) of one side of the environmental box blows in the humid air, and the air outlet hole (14) of the other side discharges the air to make the water potential of the dried soil sample wet before drying;
  • the beneficial effects are effective measurement of the development process of the crack depth direction, and the hydraulic characteristics of the soil with different fracture degrees, the measurement method is simple, the use time is short, and the cost is low.
  • kaolin was used as the material, and the hydraulic characteristics of the fractured soil under uneven settlement were measured by the negative pore pressure gauge.
  • the selected hollow stepped cylinder is made of plexiglass, 300mm long and 150mm high. According to the test procedure described above, the measurement results are shown in the figure below.
  • Fig. 2 is a vector diagram of the displacement field of the soil sample after the crack is carried out
  • Fig. 3 is a partial vector diagram of the soil sample after the crack is developed.
  • the direction of the blue arrow represents the direction of deformation of the soil, and the length of the arrow represents the size of the deformation.
  • the deformation law of the measured soil is consistent with the development of the actual crack, indicating that the crack measurement method proposed by the present invention is reliable.
  • Fig. 4 is a hydraulic characteristic curve when the measured crack opening degree is 2 mm.
  • the hydraulic properties of the soil can be obtained by the negative pressure gauge and the balance reading, and the average opening of the fracture of the soil can be obtained by the camera. It can be seen that the hydraulic characteristic measuring device and method for the soil body caused by the uneven settlement caused by the present invention are practical.

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Abstract

一种用于测量土体不均匀沉降下土体水力特性测量的装置和测量方法，该测量装置包括测量装置本体，所述测量装置本体包括天平（1）、沉降底座（2）、气袋（3）、土体试样（4）、土样壁（5）、透水石（6）、负孔压计（8）、砝码（9）、位移计（10）、温度计（11）、湿度计（12）、进气口（13）、出气口（14）和高像素相机（7）。所述底座（2）为一中空的台阶状圆柱，所述底座（2）中空的部位放置所述可冲/泄气的气袋（3），所述土样壁（5）为透明有机玻璃；在所述土体试样（4）中间插入所述负孔压计（8）。土体试样上部为透水石（6），透水石（6）上部放置砝码（9）。有益效果是有效测量因不均匀沉降引起的裂隙开度和深度的开展，以及在此不均匀沉降条件下土体水力特性，此测量方法简单，用时短，成本低。

Description

一种测量不均匀沉降作用下裂隙土水力特性的装置和测量方法 技术领域
本发明属于土体测量技术领域，涉及一种测量土体水力特性的装置，尤其涉及一种用于测量不均匀沉降作用下裂隙土水力特性的装置和测量方法。
背景技术
垃圾填埋场覆盖系统位于垃圾堆体的顶部，主要作用是阻止或减少雨水的入渗。由于垃圾的降解，覆盖系统不可避免会产生较大的不均匀沉降。研究表明，覆盖系统的沉降量高达200cm，不均匀沉降最高可达50cm，其引发的裂隙不可忽视。裂隙的存在必然降低覆盖系统的防渗性能，有必要对覆盖系统不均匀沉降引发的裂隙以及水力特性进行测量。
现有技术对非饱和土体水力特性的测量较多，如专利(201210196089.4)提出了一种测定非饱和土体渗透系数的装置，该方法能够利用一维入渗试验结合迭代法直接获得非饱和渗透系数；专利(201410021771.9)提出了增/脱湿路径下非饱和土体水力特性参数测量装置及方法，能够测量土体湿化和干燥过程中土体的水力特性；专利(201410024072.X)也提出了能够利用同一个土体测量土体横向和纵向的水力特性。然而，上述方法均不能测量土体中裂隙沿深度的开展，亦不能测量裂隙开展后的水力特性。
目前，尚无装置和技术能模拟裂隙的开展，以及测量在此过程中水力特性的变化。
发明内容
为了弥补现有技术中的空白，本发明提供了一种用于测量不均匀沉降作用下裂隙土水力特性的测量装置和测量方法。
本发明提供了一种用于测量土体不均匀沉降作用下土体水力特性的装置，包括测量装置本体，所述测量装置本体包括底座2、气袋3、土样壁5、透水石6、相机7、负孔压计8、砝码9、位移计10、温度计11、湿度计12以及待测试的土体试样4，所述底座2为中空的台阶状圆柱，所述底座中空的部位放置所述气袋3，所述土样壁5设置于底座2上侧；在所述土体试样4中间插入所述负孔压计8，土体试样上部为透水石6，透水石上部放置砝码9，所述位移计10可以测量土体整体的不均匀沉降，利用所述相 机7对土样沉降过程进行拍照，比较照片中土体红、蓝、绿三基色的关联值，确认土体内部变形，进而获取土样内部裂隙16开展的宽度和长度，测量装置本体放置于所述天平1上，测量土体含水量变化。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述底座为中空的台阶状圆柱，底座的材质为刚性材料，外侧边长为60mm-300mm，高度为30mm-150mm；中空部位长50mm-280mm，高15mm-75mm。所述土样壁为有机玻璃材料，高度为15mm-75mm，长度为55mm-290mm，厚度为2.5-5mm。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述气袋为塑料制品，厚度为2mm-5mm；所述透水石中间开孔，孔径与负孔压计外径相同；所述砝码中心开孔，孔径为3mm-6mm。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述底座的四侧密封，中间开有凹槽。所述土样壁为透明有机玻璃，可利用相机拍摄所述土体试样的变化。所述气袋可进行充气/泄气。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述透水石的中心开设负孔压计安装孔，孔径比负孔压计外径大1-2mm。所述砝码中心开孔，孔径为3mm-6mm。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述天平的测量面大于所述底座，量程大于所述底座、负孔压计和待测试的土体试样总重。
本发明还提供了一种用于测量土体不均匀沉降作用下土体水力特性的方法，使用前述的装置，定量释放气袋中的气体，使土样发生不均匀沉降。同时，在密封的环境箱一侧进气孔吹入干燥空气，另一侧出气孔排放空气，以加速土样水分变化。根据水势和含水量变化，可测量不均匀沉降作用下土体的水力特性；
作为本发明所述方法的进一步改进，在密封的环境箱一侧进气孔吹入湿润空气，另一侧出气孔排放空气，使干燥土样湿化。以研究裂隙自愈合和其水力特性；
具体地，本发明所述的一种用于测量土体不均匀沉降作用下土体水力特性的方法，包括如下步骤：
A.将所述气袋(3)放置在所述底座(2)的中间凹槽内，充气使气袋(3)上表面与底座(2)的上表面持平。将待测试的土体试样(4)放置在所述底座(2)，如果待测试土样为重塑土，按设计的干密度在底座(2)中压实；如果土体试样为原状土，将土样切成合适形状放入底座(2)中。
B.在所述底座(2)中饱和待测试的土体试样(4)；
C.安装负孔压计(8)，土体试样上表面依次放置所述透水石(6)和 所述砝码(7)。并将所述底座(2)、负孔压计(8)和待测试的土体试样(4)放在所述的天平(1)上，摆放好相机，相机拍摄频率为1s-100min不等，具体频率视试验需要设定。
D.定量释放气袋(3)中的气体，使土样发生不均匀沉降，之后顶部进行自由蒸发，记录负孔压计(8)读数和天平(1)读数，直到负孔压计(8)读数超过量程，测量不均匀沉降下裂隙土的非饱和水力特性参数；
E.环境箱一侧进气孔(13)吹入湿润空气，另一侧出气孔(14)排放空气，使干燥土样湿化到干燥前的水势；
F.重复步骤D-E。
本发明相对于现有技术有益效果是：有效测量裂隙深度方向的开展过程，以及不同裂隙程度的土体水力特性，测量方法简单，用时短，成本低。
附图说明
图1是不均匀沉降作用下裂隙土水力特性测量装置示意图。
1-天平；2-底座；3-气袋；4-土体试样；5-土样壁；6-透水石；7-相机；8-负孔压计；9-砝码；10-位移计；11-温度计；12-湿度计；13-进气孔；14-出气孔；15-干燥/湿润空气；16-裂隙。
图2是经裂隙作用下土样位移场示意图。
16-裂隙；17-变形矢量；4-土体试样。
图3是土体位移场放大示意图。
16-裂隙；17-变形矢量；4-土体试样。
图4是裂隙开度达到2mm时的水力特性曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合实例和附图对本发明加以解释，但本发明不局限于此。
如图1所示，一种用于测量土体不均匀沉降作用下土体水力特性的装置，包括测量装置本体，所述测量装置本体包括底座2、气袋3、土样壁5、透水石6、相机7、负孔压计8、砝码9、位移计10、温度计11、湿度计12以及待测试的土体试样4，所述底座2为中空的台阶状圆柱，所述底座中空的部位放置所述气袋3，所述土样壁5设置于底座2上侧；在所述土体试样4中间插入所述负孔压计8，土体试样上部为透水石6，透水石上部放置砝码9，所述位移计10可以测量土体整体的不均匀沉降，利用所述相机7对土样沉降过程进行拍照，测量土样内部裂隙16开展的宽度和长度， 测量装置本体放置于所述天平1上，测量土体含水量变化。整套设备可以测量不均匀沉降作用下裂隙土的水力特性。
所述为中空的台阶状圆柱，底座(2)的材质为刚性材料，外侧边长为60mm-300mm，高度为60mm-300mm，作为优选方式，所述底座(2)为有机玻璃，外边长为200mm，高度200mm；中空部位长50mm-280mm，高30mm-150mm，作为优选方式，所述中空部位长180mm，高100mm。所述土样壁(5)为有机玻璃材料，高度为15mm-75mm，长度为55mm-290mm，厚度为2.5-5mm，作为优选方式，所述土样壁(5)高度50mm，长200mm，壁厚5mm。
所述气袋(3)为塑料制品，厚度为2mm-5mm，作为优选方式，厚度3mm；所述透水石(6)中间开孔，孔径比负孔压计外径大1-2mm，作为优选方式，透水石(6)的直径比负孔压计外径大1mm；所述砝码(9)中心开孔，孔径为3mm-6mm，作为优选方式，孔径为5mm；
所述底座(2)的四侧密封，中间开有凹槽。所述土样壁(5)为透明有机玻璃，可利用相机拍摄所述土体试样(4)的变化。所述气袋(3)可进行充气/泄气；
所述透水石(6)的中心开设负孔压计安装孔，孔径比负孔压计外径大1mm。所述砝码(9)中心开孔，孔径为5mm；
所述天平(1)的测量面大于所述底座(2)，量程大于所述底座(2)、负孔压计(8)和待测试的土体试样(4)总重。
所述测量装置放置在密封的环境箱内，密封的环境箱上部一侧设置有进气孔(13)，上部另一侧出气孔(14)，温度计(11)、湿度计(12)置于密封的环境箱顶部，测量装置上部
定量释放气袋(3)中的气体，使土样发生不均匀沉降。同时，在密封的环境箱一侧进气孔(13)吹入干燥空气，另一侧出气孔(14)排放空气，以加速土样水分变化。根据水势和含水量变化，可测量不均匀沉降作用下土体的水力特性；
在密封的环境箱一侧进气孔(13)吹入湿润空气，另一侧出气孔(14)排放空气，使干燥土样湿化，以研究裂隙自愈合和其水力特性。
本发明还公开了一种测量不均匀沉降作用下裂隙土水力特性的测量方法，包括如下步骤：
第一步(A)将所述气袋(3)放置在所述底座(2)的中间凹槽内，充气使气袋(3)上表面与底座(2)的上表面持平。将待测试的土体试样 (4)放置在所述底座(2)，如果待测试土样为重塑土，按设计的干密度在底座(2)中压实；如果土体试样为原状土，将土样切成合适形状放入底座(2)中。
第二步(B)在所述底座(2)中饱和待测试的土体试样(4)；
第三步(C)安装负孔压计(8)，土体试样上表面依次放置所述透水石(6)和所述砝码(7)。并将所述底座(2)、负孔压计(8)和待测试的土体试样(4)放在所述的天平(1)上，摆放好相机。
第四步(D)定量释放气袋(3)中的气体，使土样发生不均匀沉降，之后顶部进行自由蒸发，记录负孔压计(8)读数和天平(1)读数，直到负孔压计(8)读数超过量程，测量不均匀沉降下裂隙土的非饱和水力特性参数；
第五步(E)环境箱一侧进气孔(13)吹入湿润空气，另一侧出气孔(14)排放空气，使干燥土样湿化干燥前的水势；
第六步(F)，重复步骤4(D)-5(E)。
有益效果是有效测量裂隙深度方向的开展过程，以及不同裂隙程度的土体水力特性，测量方法简单，用时短，成本低。
以下为本实验室实测例子。
本试验以高岭土为材料，利用所述负孔压计测得不均匀沉降作用下裂隙土的水力特性。所选中空的台阶状圆柱材质为有机玻璃，长300mm，高150mm。按照前面所述试验步骤，测量结果如下图所示。
通过本专利所述技术，可对土样裂隙进行测量。图2为经裂隙开展后的土样位移场矢量图，而图3为裂隙开展后土样局部矢量图。其中蓝色箭头的方向代表土体变形的方向，箭头长短代表变形大小的。所测土体变形规律与实际裂隙的开展相符合，说明本发明提出的裂隙测量方法可靠。图4是所测裂的开度达为2mm时的水力特性曲线。通过负孔压计和天平读数可获取土体的水力特性，而通过相机可获取土体的裂隙平均开度。可见，本发明所提出由不均匀沉降引起裂隙的土体的水力特性测量装置和方法切实可行。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种用于测量土体不均匀沉降作用下土体水力特性的装置，其特征在于：包括测量装置本体，所述测量装置本体包括底座(2)、气袋(3)、土样壁(5)、透水石(6)、相机(7)、负孔压计(8)、砝码(9)、位移计(10)、温度计(11)、湿度计(12)以及待测试的土体试样(4)，所述底座(2)为中空的台阶状圆柱，所述底座中空的部位放置所述气袋(3)，所述土样壁(5)设置于底座(2)上侧；在所述土体试样(4)中间插入所述负孔压计(8)，土体试样上部为透水石(6)，透水石上部放置砝码(9)，所述位移计(10)可以测量土体整体的不均匀沉降，利用所述相机(7)对土样沉降过程进行拍照，比较照片中土体红、蓝、绿三基色的关联值，确认土体内部变形，进而获取土样裂隙(16)开展的宽度和深度，测量装置本体放置于所述天平(1)上，测量土体含水量变化。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的测量装置，其特征在于：所述底座(2)为中空的台阶状圆柱，底座(2)的材质为刚性材料，具体长度和高度以满足自身试验要求为准，中空部位长度和高度均小于所述底座(2)的长度和高度，所述土样壁(5)为透明有机玻璃材料，高度小于所述中空部位的高度，外长度和所述底座(2)一样，厚度视土样大小决定，所述气袋(3)为塑料制品，所述透水石(6)中心开孔放置负孔压计，所述砝码(9)中心开孔。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的测量装置，其特征在于：所述底座(2)的四侧密封，中间开有凹槽；所述土样壁(5)为透明有机玻璃，可利用相机拍摄所述土体试样(4)的变化；所述气袋(3)可进行充气/泄气。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的测量装置，其特征在于：所述透水石的中心开设负孔压计安装孔，孔径比负孔压计外径大1-2mm。所述砝码中心开孔，孔径为3mm-6mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的测量装置，其特征在于：所述天平(1)的测量面大于所述底座(2)，量程大于所述底座(2)、负孔压计(8)和待测试的土体试样(4)总重。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的测量装置，其特征在于：所述测量装置放置在密封的环境箱内，密封的环境箱上部一侧设置有进气孔(13)，上部另一侧出气孔(14)，温度计(11)、湿度计(12)置于密封的环境箱顶部， 测量装置上部温湿度。
  7. 一种用于测量土体不均匀沉降作用下土体水力特性的方法，其特征在于：使用权利要求1至6任一权利要求所述的测量装置，定量释放气袋(3)中的气体，使土样发生不均匀沉降，同时，在密封的环境箱一侧进气孔(13)吹入干燥空气，另一侧出气孔(14)排放空气，以加速土样水分变化，根据水势和含水量变化，可测量不均匀沉降作用下土体的水力特性。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于：在密封的环境箱一侧进气孔(13)吹入湿润空气，另一侧出气孔(14)排放空气，使干燥土样湿化，以满足不同干湿情况。
  9. 一种权利要求7至8任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    A.将所述气袋(3)放置在所述底座(2)的中间凹槽内，充气使气袋(3)上表面与底座(2)的上表面持平；将待测试的土体试样(4)放置在所述底座(2)，如果待测试土样为重塑土，按设计的干密度在底座(2)中压实；如果土体试样为原状土，将土样切成合适形状放入底座(2)中；
    B.在所述底座(2)中饱和待测试的土体试样(4)；
    C.安装负孔压计(8)，土体试样上表面依次放置所述透水石(6)和所述砝码(7)，并将所述底座(2)，负孔压计(8)和待测试的土体试样(4)放在所述的天平(1)上，摆放好相机，相机拍摄频率为1s-100min不等，具体频率视试验需要设定；
    D.定量释放气袋(3)中的气体，使土样发生不均匀沉降，之后顶部进行自由蒸发，记录负孔压计(8)读数和天平(1)读数，直到负孔压计(8)读数超过量程，测量不均匀沉降下裂隙土的非饱和水力特性参数；
    E.环境箱一侧进气孔(13)吹入湿润空气，另一侧出气孔(14)排放空气，使土样湿化到干燥前的水势；
    F.重复步骤D-E。
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CN114167032B (zh) * 2021-11-29 2024-05-14 内蒙古科技大学 一种模拟开采沉陷对土壤水盐运移影响的方法与装置
CN114965217A (zh) * 2022-05-25 2022-08-30 石家庄铁道大学 一种土体气幕阻渗试验装置及试验方法
CN114965217B (zh) * 2022-05-25 2024-04-12 石家庄铁道大学 一种土体气幕阻渗试验装置及试验方法
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CN116087042A (zh) * 2023-02-16 2023-05-09 中国矿业大学 一种粉尘沉积量空间分布实时监测系统及方法

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